COMMUNITY TREE PLANTING GUIDELINE - SPGS

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LAWLOG PRODUCTION GRANT SCHEME 1.0 INTRODUCTION This tree planting manual is one of the series of plantation guidelines being published by SPGS to assist private timber growers establish fast growing and high yielding timber tree plantations. It is a simplified and well illustrated manual aimed at meeting the huge demand for effective tree planting skills that are greatly lacking in the country. The manual is especially prepared for those whose objective is to plant trees mainly for timber and large poles. It can, however, serve those intending to grow trees for small poles and/or fuelwood. The manual guides you step by step through the important aspects of forest plantation planning, establishment, maintenance and protection up to harvesting the trees. Detailed information on each of these aspects can be found on other relevant SPGS plantation guidelines (listed in Appendix 2). People intending to grow trees for agroforestry purposes are advised to contact a g r i c u l t u r a l extension workers available at your Sub-county. 1.1 Why plant trees? Tree plantations are a major source of wood for general c o n s t r u c t i o n , especially housebuilding and making furniture like chairs, tables and many others. Besides increasing the value of your land as well as protecting it from encroachers, the main objectives of growing trees are often to produce timber and poles. Others are for fuelwood, charcoal, food for man and livestock, fertilizing and protecting soil, medicinal products and provision of shade for livestock and food crops. Trees are also often planted to beautify the landscape and purify or restore degraded areas. 1.2 Which timber tree species are available for planting? Many indigenous (local) and exotic (introduced) tree species are available to grow in most parts of Uganda. However, if your objective is to plant timber trees as a business, its better you plant tree species with the following characteristics: • Those with reliable sources of high quality seed. • Species that have fast growth. • Species with desirable wood properties • Species suited to grow well on your planting site and • Species that grow well in a plantation situation. Many exotic tree species grow relatively faster than local ones and improved seed sources are often available. Moreover, the methods of establishing and maintaining them are well researched and understood. Examples of such exotic trees are Pines (Pinus caribaea and Pinus patula), Eucalypts (e.g. Eucalyptus grandis), Cypress (Cupressus lusitanica), Teak (Tectona grandis), Terminalia (Terminalia superba) and Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii). Some indigenous trees include Muzizi (Maesopsis eminii), Mahoganies (Khaya anthothica and Entandophragma spp), Mvule (Melicia excelsa), Prunus africanum and Podo (Podocarpus spp.). Because of their long maturity period, local trees can be preferably planted where the main objective is environment protection. Please refer to section 3.2 on species site matching described below to help you decide on which tree species to plant on your area. A well thinned Eucalyptus grandis plantation in South Africa (15 years old) So if your objective is to grow trees for timber and poles, it is now time to get started! Whether you intend to plant trees on small scale or on large scale, the recommended standards of tree planting should be followed to the end for the best results. It is essential to plan ahead carefully before you start so that you will not make any big mistakes and to ensure that you establish and maintain your trees properly to ensure they grow fast. Community Tree Planting Guideline
LAWLOG PRODUCTION GRANT SCHEME 2.0 PLANTATION PLANNING This is a first step that you have to do in order to be prepared for tree planting. You must first understand all the important steps (or activities) that you will have to undergo and when each of these activities should be carried out. Once you know these activities and the right time of doing them, it is easier for you to budget and look for all the resources needed ahead of time. on Your your plantation’s area. success depends on how well you time the required activities. As an example, let us assume that it is now January: you have land and you need to start planting Pine (Pinus caribaea) trees in the September rains. So you need to start planning! The common activities that you need to plan for include: Site survey, species selection (seed purchase, nursery preparation, seed sowing), clearing land, lining out, pitting, pre-plant weed control, planting, post plant weed control, and tree protection. The plantation calendar below helps to relate these activities with the best time at which they should be carried out. The need to start planning! shaded boxes show the month(s) in which you should carry out a particular activity in order to plant your trees in September. 2.2 What is the best time to carry out the different plantation activities? As depicted in the calendar below, plantation activities are generally timed according to major rainy seasons in the country. In most parts of the country there are planted where the main objective is environment protection. Please refer to section on species site matching described below to help two you seasons decide - March/April on which and tree September/October. species to plant These seasons differ in duration of rains depending on your location. In some areas like Western Uganda, September/October is the longer rainy season, whilst So if your objective is to grow trees for timber in most and other poles, parts it of is the now country time the to get best started! rains are Whether you intend to plant trees on small normally scale or in March/April. on large scale, The usual the advice recommended however, is standards of tree planting should be followed to to plan the for end your for main the planting best results. in the long It is rainy essential season to plan ahead carefully before you start so that and you to plant will as not early make as possible any big when mistakes the rains and start. to 2.1 ensure What that are you establish the activities and maintain that your trees properly to ensure they grow fast. you need to plan for? Following the graph below, if the plan is to plant in September, site survey and tree species selection activities should be done in January. Buy the seed no 2.0 PLANTATION PLANNING This is a first step that you have to do in order to be prepared for tree planting. You must first understand all the important steps (or activities) that you will have to undergo and when each of these activities should be carried out. Once you know these activities and the right time of doing them, it is easier for you to budget and look for all the resources needed ahead of time. Your plantation’s success depends on how well you time the required activities. As an example, let us assume that it is now January: you have land and you need to start planting Pine (Pinus caribaea) trees in the September rains. So you later than February and (if you have your own nursery) start nursery preparation in March. If you are buying your seedlings from a nursery, make sure it is one recommended by the SPGS nearby. With Pine (e.g Pinus caribaea), seed sowing should be done in May, to give pine seedlings 4 months to mature for planting in early September. If raising Eucalyptus grandis, however, 3 months is sufficient - so sowing should be carried out in June. SPGS Plantation Guideline No. 7 – Tree Nurseries - is very useful and has more details). 2.1 What are the activities that you need to plan for? The common activities that you need to plan for include: Site survey, species selection (seed purchase, nursery preparation, seed sowing), clearing land, lining out, pitting, pre-plant weed control, planting, weeding and tree protection. The plantation calendar below helps to relate these activities with the best time at which they should be carried out. The shaded boxes show the month in which you should carry out a particular activity in order to plant your trees in September. By around May (usually as the rains are ending), start mobilising labour for land clearing. This operation can run up to July to allow time for lining out and pitting in mid-August. The weeds must be controlled before planting the trees; otherwise they will take all the water and nutrients from the newly planted seedlings. Slash the weeds if necessary. Activity calendar for planting in September/October rains ACTIVITY JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 Site survey 2 Species selection 3 Seed purchase 4 Nursery preparation 5 Seed sowing 6 Clearing land 7 Lining out 8 Pitting 9 Pre-plant weed control 10 Planting 11 Timely weeding 12 Fire protection 13 Animal protection 14 Pest/Disease control Community Tree Planting Guideline 2.2 What is the best time to carry out the different plantation activities?
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