COMMUNITY TREE PLANTING GUIDELINE - SPGS

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LAWLOG PRODUCTION GRANT SCHEME b) Soil conditions:- On a general note, most soil conditions in the country can • support Temperature. tree growth. Pinus patula However, is strictly on your restricted particular to cooler temperatures especially those in Kabale. If planted else where it will fail. Cool areas like site you Kabale, need Fort to check Portal, for Paidah, soil type, Mbale depth, and and Kapchorwa fertility. are preferred by This Eucalyptus requires you grandis to and move Cupressus across lusitanica your area as and well. use your personal experience to judge the above conditions as b) follows:- Soil conditions:- On a general note, most soil conditions in the country can support tree growth. Starting However, from on your one end particular of your site area, you need dig a to pit check 1M deep for soil type, depth, and (or fertility. until rock) This and requires wide you with to a move hoe (or across pick axe your if area rocky) and use Group your personal A tree species like pines that are able to grow even on and experience note the to judge dark the layer above of conditions top soil, as the follows:- brown layer thin soils can always be allocated on hill tops EXCEPT where of sub soil, the ease of digging through and stoniness. it is bare stony. Group B tree species are those that prefer deeper Starting from one end of your area, dig a pit 1M deep (or until rock) Repeat this in other parts of your area to get the soils like and the wide Eucalypts, Teak, Terminalia, Musizi and Hoop with a hoe (or pick axe if rocky) and note the dark layer of top general feeling. While walking across your area, observe pine soil, among the brown others. All trees must be planted at least 20m away layer of sub soil, the ease of digging through and stoniness. Repeat this in other from any wetland. the parts existing of your vegetation area to get to the help general you feeling. judge soil While fertility. walking across your area, Poorly observe growing the existing vegetation may to help imply you in judge fertile soil soils fertility. Poorly growing vegetation may imply in fertile soils where especially Eucalyptus where especially Eucalyptus should not be planted. Eucalypts should not are be frequently killed by termites, especially planted. in the hotter, drier areas of the Table 1: Shows various soil conditions and suitable tree species to grow. country (e.g. around the ‘cattle Soil condition Tree species to plant corridor’). Fortunately, such Deep (non stony); fertile (dark or 1 st priority is Eucalyptus grandis, dry areas are not recommended dark-brown); soft (easy to dig) and Araucaria cunninghamii, Maesopsis eminii for growing Eucalypts as earlier well drained. and *2 nd priority is pines e) Pests (P. and patula diseases only on Eucalypts are frequently killed by termites, mentioned. especially in These the hotter, drier areas areas should of highlands). the country (e.g. around the ‘cattle corridor’). Fortunately, such dry areas are not Shallower (but still min. 600mm Only Pines* recommended for growing Eucalypts be as earlier left mentioned. for These pines areas and should be other left for pines and other qualifying species and you insist, be prepared to fight a depth needed) and less fertile but real challenging battle with termites. qualifying Another threat to species most Eucalypts and species if in you well drained. Uganda is the Blue Gum Chalcid wasp. insist, be prepared to fight a real * Pine trees can still grow even much better where soils are deep and fertile Some destruction of pine roots by moles challenging is reported in battle Rwoho CFR with (Ntungamo termites. district) while aphids used to destroy Cypress trees but have since been c) Final product or the intended market biologically controlled just like pine Another woolly aphids. threat The to Mvule most trees Eucalypts are susceptible c) Final product or the intended market species to gall in flies Uganda attack. Isolated is the cases Blue of Armillaria Gum root Chalcid rot disease wasp. attack From a business viewpoint, your choice for which tree species to plant should be (See on pines has been reported in Nabukonge CFR in Masaka and Global woods influenced by what is demanded in the market. For example, where plantations section the in end Kikonda 6.2) use CFR. is Otherwise apart from the current Chalcid wasp on poles, Eucalyptus (especially E. grandis) is the best choice whereas Eucalypts, there is no major threat from pests and diseases for the recommended From a business viewpoint, your choice for which tree trees Some pine as long destruction timber as they are planted of on right pine sites roots and well by looked moles after. is Please reported refer in attracts wide market for general construction purposes. to section 6.2 for what you can do to protect your plantation. species to plant should be influenced by what is Table 2: The main timber species, their growth requirements and common demanded d) The nature in of the land market. For example, where the characteristics end If the use land is is poles, flat or Eucalyptus gently sloping, (especially tree species E. grandis) above can be grown. However, when the land consists of steep hills like those common Tree in species South Western Required and climate Soil Conditions Other notes is Western the best Uganda, choice whereas the pines pine should timber be planted attracts on wide the slopes and tops of hills MAR MAT ( market for general construction purposes. o C)* (provided there is sufficient depth of soil). Eucalypts and other tree species (mm)* should be planted on deep fertile soils at hill bottom or valleys (but Kalitunsi NOT in wetlands). >1000/yr At Cooler Deep & fertile soils Grows faster 8-15 (Eucalyptus grandis) areas 600/yr Cooler Fairly deep fertile Best choice for SW lusitanica) areas 750/yr 17-25 o C Deep moist soils like in tropical high forests areas >1300/yr 24 o -27 o C Well drained deep fertile soil *MAR= Mean Annual Rainfall; MAT= Mean Annual Temperature; > greater than; < less than. Maturity 20-25 yrs More information on selecting the right tree species can be found in <strong>SPGS</strong> Plantation Guideline Nos. 5 & 6. Community Tree Planting Guideline
LAWLOG PRODUCTION GRANT SCHEME Rwoho CFR (Ntungamo district) while aphids used to destroy Cypress trees but have since been biologically controlled just like pine woolly aphids. Isolated cases of Armillaria root rot disease attack on pines has been reported in Nabukonge CFR in Masaka and Global woods plantations in Kikonda CFR. Otherwise apart from the current Chalcid wasp on Eucalypts, there is no major threat from pests and diseases for the recommended trees as long as they are planted on right sites and well looked after. Please refer to section 6.2 for what you can do to protect your plantation. in community planting) it allows Note: Number of seedlings in one hectare = area of a hectare ÷ spacing chosen for some food = 10,000m 2 ÷ 3x3=1111sph or 10,000m 2 ÷ 2.7 x 2.7 = 1,372 sph. crops to be planted between tree rows. Remember that when planting at Remember 1,111 stems that per hectare when (sph) planting instead at 1,111 of the stems more 1,372 per sph, your costs on buying seedlings hectare and labour (sph) instead for pitting of the and more spot hoeing 1,372 sph, can your be reduced costs by almost 20%. However, wider spacing between trees can have negative on buying seedlings and labour for pitting and spot effects like; hoeing can be reduced by almost 20%. 3.5 Where do I get the seed/seedlings for planting? One of the determinants of your plantation success is the use of high quality tree seed or • It will take longer time seedlings. before trees Quality close here canopy- mainly refers to whether the seed is an improved variety (i.e. has superior growth & timber characteristics and good health). Community Tree Planting Guideline so you spend more money on weeding your trees. • Trees tend to develop thicker or bigger branches at the expense of the main stem • Trees will be fewer and so you will have less trees to choose from during thinning • Increased weed growth (as they are exposed to light) will most likely increase fire risk on your plantation • Total volume production is reduced and • You catch less early money which people usually get from thinnings. More information on selecting the right tree species can be found in <strong>SPGS</strong> Plantation Guideline Nos. 5 & 6 3.4 What distance apart should I plant my trees? Having determined the right tree species for your area, it is now important that you get the right spacing to use on your area so that you order for the right number of seedlings. We strongly recommend planting your trees in lines, which makes everything easier later on – from preparing the planting pits to weeding after planting. The actual space (distance) between trees may change depending on type of tree species, quality of seed, expected growth rate, planned weeding technique and the availability of market for thinnings or small thinning). • There is less c o m p e t i t i o n between trees for a longer time • Cost savings (less pits and seedlings per hectare • Trees grow larger • Where it may be required (like The standard spacing however for most timber trees including pines and Eucalypts of improved seed and good quality seedlings is 3m x 3m (10ftx10ft). Also 2.7m x 2.7m (9ft x 9ft) is frequently used. But if planting next to where there is high demand for small construction poles the spacing for Eucalypts can be reduced up to 2m x 2m (6.6ft x 6.6ft). However closer spacing like 2m x 2m brings in an early competition between trees and so a farmer must be aware and be prepared to cut down many of them during first thinning operation to allow for better growth of the remaining trees. It is a must that all trees being grown for sawlogs/timber production will have to be thinned (refer to section 8 on thinning). operation to allow for better growth of the remaining trees. It is a must that all trees being grown for sawlogs/timber production will have to be thinned (refer to section 8 on diameter poles. It may be beneficial to plant trees at a wider spacing such Table 3: Commonly used spacing and number of seedlings needed per hectare that; Tree common name Recommended No. of seedlings 15% for spacing meters (m) per hectare (sph) Beating up Total required Seedlings Eucalyptus 2x2 2,500 375 2,875 2x3 2,000 300 2,300 2.5x2.5 1,600 240 1,840 3x3 1,111 167 1,278 Pine 3x3 1,111 167 1,278 Teak 3x3 1,111 157 1,278 Araucaria 3x3 1,111 167 1,278 Musizi 4x4 625 94 716 Terminalia 4x4 625 94 716
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