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36 Panorama GREAT INVENTORS<br />

Locomotive designed<br />

in collaboration with<br />

Siemens & Halske.<br />

In 1903 it reached a<br />

speed of more than 210<br />

kilometers per hour<br />

railroads became another leading<br />

line of business for Siemens &<br />

Halske.<br />

In addition to designing useful<br />

devices Werner Siemens also<br />

dedicated his time to theoretical<br />

science. He had published<br />

numerous articles covering various<br />

aspects of electrical engineering.<br />

He came up with one of the<br />

definitions of electrical resistance,<br />

and for a long time a siemens was<br />

used as the measure for resistance,<br />

and it was replaced by the ohm at a<br />

later time. Today a siemens is used<br />

to measure electric conductivity,<br />

which is the opposite of resistance.<br />

In 1873 the Berlin Academy of<br />

Sciences accepted Werner Siemens<br />

as full member in recognition of his<br />

contribution to science. Allegedly,<br />

this was the only title that Siemens<br />

was proud of.<br />

An advertisement<br />

for Siemens household<br />

appliances. 1920s<br />

The Tartar Galvanometer<br />

When they were implementing their first projects<br />

in Russia the Siemenses were faced with the<br />

challenge of frequent equipment failures, caused<br />

by the differences in climate between Germany and<br />

Russia. To address this Werner Siemens invented a<br />

special instrument, which automatically registered<br />

any disruptions along the line. The inventor referred<br />

to this device as ‘the Tartar galvanometer’.

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