1850s Gold Rush. As many as 10,000 miners came to the Stanislaus River area by 1849 (Hall 1978), and importantly, the ethnic composition was diverse, leaving archaeological sites with distinctive remains. Remnants from this mining era include stacked rock features such as walls, alignments, waste rock piles, stone ovens, buildings, and road embankments. Landscape alterations, largely the result of placer mining operations, occasional platforms (the foundations for tents or shacks), artifact scatters, quarries, and mills are also found from this era. Gold was mined in places remote from the supply centers of the time; vast amounts of food, tools, and basic supplies had to be transported to the gold country, virtually overnight. Such a need led to the development of towns and extensive road systems, both of which left developed archaeological remains. Subsequent economic and social developments generated cultural remnants such as logging camps, homesteads, hard-rock mines, ranches, and other indications of historic activities. All these activities, especially the mines and the camps, required a dependable year-round supply of water in what was otherwise a summer-drought location. CURRENT PROJECT At the request of Tom Scesa, TUD <strong>District</strong> Engineer, Foothill <strong>Resource</strong>s, Ltd., Francis Heritage, LLC, and Far Western Anthropological Research Group, Inc., conducted a survey and evaluation of the thirteen identified resources in August, September and October of 2011. The work, authorized under TUD’s 2008 Strategic Plan (BHI 2008:18- 20), was carried out under the direction of Judith Marvin, project manager, historian, architectural historian and principal author (Registered Professional Historian No. 525). Charla Francis, Archaeologist and co-author (Registered Professional Archaeologist No. 10518), prepared the archaeological site records (Appendix A) and contributed to the reports. Archaeological technicians Linda Thorpe, Foothill <strong>Resource</strong>s; Meagan O’Deegan, Stantec Consulting Services Inc.; and Rebecca Kellawan and Adelina Asan, Far Western, conducted the archaeological survey and field recordation, while Terry Brejla of Foothill <strong>Resource</strong>s conducted archival research and edited the document. EVALUATION Overall, the <strong>Tuolumne</strong> <strong>Utilities</strong> <strong>District</strong> canal and ditch system appears eligible for listing on the National Register of <strong>Historic</strong> Places (NRHP). Their canals, ditches, flumes, laterals, races, pipelines, and reservoirs—all were the life blood of economic (and consequently political) development of <strong>Tuolumne</strong> County. As a major contributor to the theme of water development in <strong>Tuolumne</strong> County, containing the principal surviving examples of the <strong>Tuolumne</strong> County Water Company, the <strong>Tuolumne</strong> Hydraulic Association, <strong>Tuolumne</strong> Hydraulic Mining Company, the Street’s/Shaw’s Flat Ditch, and many others, and as the “mother” of the distribution system, which contains technological information, reservoirs, diversion dams, headworks, canals, ditches, flumes, siphons, and water control and diversion features, the TUD system appears eligible for listing on the NRHP under Criteria A and C at the statewide level of significance. The system does not appear eligible under Criterion B although some important financiers were associated with various ditches and engineers with others (C.E. Grunsky), it was only peripherally, Foothill <strong>Resource</strong>s, Ltd. 1.8 TUD Ditch Sustainability <strong>Project</strong> Francis Heritage, LLC <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Evaluation</strong> Report
and there are other resources in California that are more closely associated with them. Some components of the system may also be evaluated as eligible under Criterion D; it appears likely that many of the archaeological ditches may provide information important in the engineering techniques of the mid-19 th century. Foothill <strong>Resource</strong>s, Ltd. 1.9 TUD Ditch Sustainability <strong>Project</strong> Francis Heritage, LLC <strong>Historic</strong> <strong>Resource</strong> <strong>Evaluation</strong> Report
- Page 1: TUOLUMNE UTILITIES DISTRICT DITCH S
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- Page 32 and 33: Figure 9. Montezuma Flats, ca. 1859
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- Page 52 and 53: Figure 13. The Rawhide Mine near Ja
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Figure 18. Portion of the Map of th
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Placer gold was discovered in the l
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Figure 20. Western portion of John
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Figure 22. John Wallace’s undated
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Figure 24. Placer mining on the roa
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Shaw’s Flat Ditch was used for ge
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Figure 26. General Land Office Plat
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History. The present Kincaid Ditch
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Evaluation. The Kincaid Ditch appea
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ductile iron pipeline is laid in th
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Phoenix Ditch (P-55-003751; CA-TUO-
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On August 27, 1861, William Clark,
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C Figure 28. Portion of Tuolumne Co
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Ownership of the TW&EPC system was
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ditch had been absorbed into the TC
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Camp Road, various concrete and/or
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Ditch, in anticipation of providing
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Columbia Ditch system connection th
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Ridge to the Soulsby mill were cons
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There are eighteen features includi
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Table 1: Other Sites and Features R
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California Department of Transporta
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Goldberg, Susan K., Alice L. Hall,
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Marvin, Judith, and Terry Brejla 20
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Progressive Association 1901 Tuolum
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Thom, Robert, M.E. (continued) 1915
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