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Evolutionary niche dynamics in the seaweed Halimeda Only H. discoidea has been reported from the eastern Pacific and, curiously, molecular analyses have shown these populations not to be related to the Caribbean species H. discoidea.atl as one may expect but to the Indo-Pacific species H. discoidea.ip (Verbruggen et al., 2005b). So either Halimeda does not have trans-isthmian species pairs in the tropical Americas or they have not been discovered yet. The seaweed flora of the tropical East Pacific Ocean has not been studied in great detail in the past and recent inventories have shown lots of new discoveries (Wysor, 2004). We aimed to facilitate the discovery of trans-isthmian sister pairs by identifying geographical regions in the East Pacific Ocean that are hotspots of habitat suitability for Caribbean species. The niche model of pooled distribution data of six Caribbean species predicted parts of the East Pacific Ocean as suitable habitat (Fig. 3c) and identified three hotspots of habitat suitability: the western Galapagos Islands (Fig. 3e), the west coast of Colombia and parts of the south coast of Panama (Fig. 3d). We suggest that these areas should be targeted in future research expeditions aiming to discover trans-isthmian species pairs. The utility of ecological niche models to guide discovery has already been documented. Unexplored deep-water kelp forests were recently found in the Galapagos Archipelago based on predictions of a synthetic oceanographic and ecophysiological model (Graham et al., 2007). Similarly, expeditions directed by niche models of chameleons led to the discovery of additional populations of known species and several species new to science (Raxworthy et al., 2003). It should be noted that the niche model presented here predicts habitat suitability only as a function of the macroecological variables included in the dataset. It is beyond doubt that factors not included in our dataset (e.g. microhabitat characteristics, tidal amplitudes, grazing pressure and other biotic interactions) affect the actual distribution of species. If such data were available, they could be used to create a more specific model and would probably result in smaller hotspots, allowing even more targeted expeditions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank W. Willems for providing the R script to calculate partial AUC values and for discussion of techniques. We are grateful to M. Accioly, K. Arano, M. Bandeira-Pedrosa, C. Battelli, B. Brooks, K. Clifton, M. Coffroth, P. Colinvaux, R. Collin, E. Coppejans, O. Dargent, Y. de Jong, G. De Smedt, E. Demeulenare, R. Diaz, E. Drew, S. Fredericq, C. Galanza, S. Guimaraes, F. Gurgel, O. Gussmann, R. Haroun, I. Hendriks, J. Hernandez, L. 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