subchapter c -- federal hazardous substances act regulations

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16 CFR Ch. II (1–1–05 Edition) – proposed modification – 6/25/06 procedure consists of two tests: a preliminary screening test and a burning rate test. § 1500.45 Methods for determining extremely flammable and flammable contents of aerosols (self-pressurized containers). To classify a flammable aerosol, the test methods described in sub-sections 31.4, 31.5, and 31.6 of the of the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, for Ignition distance test, Enclosed space ignition test and Aerosol foam flammability test should be performed. NOTE – As an alternative to conducting the Enclosed Space Ignition Test, a calculated deflagration density may be used if the Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) of the mixture is known. The LFL is the concentration of a gas in air (volume %) that must present before ignition can take place. If the LFLs of each of the components of a mixture are known, the LFL of the mixture may be calculated by Le Chatelier’s Law. The specific form of this law for lower limits of complex mixtures in air is: L = 100 ___________________________ C 1 /L 1 + C 2 /L 2 + …C i /L i where C 1, C 2, … C i , are the proportions of each combustible gas in the mixture, free from air, L 1, L 2, … L i , are the lower limits of each combustible gas in air, and L is the Lower Flammability Limit of the complex mixture in volume percent. Since the drum volume and spray time are constants fixed by the test protocol, the spray rate is fixed by the configuration of the package, and the LFL is calculated using the equation above, the deflagration density (D) can be calculated as follows: D = R x T _______ L x V -- 48 -- where R is the spray rate in g/sec, T is the spray time in sec, and V is the drum volume in m 3 . § 1500.46 Method for determining chemical heat of combustion for extremely flammable and flammable contents of aerosols (self-pressurized containers). The chemicals heat of combustion (∆Hc), in kilojoules per gram (kJ/g), is the product of the theoretical heat of combustion (∆Hcomb), and a combustion efficiency, usually less than 1.0. For a composite aerosol formulation, the chemical heat of combustion is the summation of the weighted heats of combustion for the individual components, as follows: n ∆Hc (product) = ∑ [wi% x ∆Hc(i)] i where: ∆Hc = chemical heat of combustion (kJ/g); wi% = mass fraction of component I in the product; ∆Hc(i) = specific heat of combustion (kJ/g) of component i in the product; The chemical heats of combustion can be found in literature, calculated or determined by tests (see ASTM D-240, ISO/FDIS 13943:1999 (E/F) 86.1 – 86.3 and NFPA 30B. § 1500.47 Method for determining the sound pressure level produced by toy caps. (a) Equipment required. The equipment for the test includes a microphone, a preamplifier (if required), and an oscilloscope. (1) The microphone-preamplifier system shall have a free-field response uniform to within ±2 decibels from 50 hertz to 70 kilohertz or beyond and a dynamic range covering the interval 70 to 160 decibels relative to 20 micronewtons per square meters. Depending on the model, the microphone shall be used at normal or at grazing incidence, whichever gives the most uniform freefield response. The microphone shall be calibrated both before and after the test of a model of cap. The calibration shall be accurate to within ±1 decibel. If the calibration is of the pressure type or of the piston-phone plus electrostatic actuator type, it shall be corrected to free-field Deleted: (a) Preparation of samples — (1) Granules, powders, and pastes. Pack the sample into a flat, rectangular metal boat with inner dimensions 6 inches long × 1 inch wide × one-fourth inch deep. (2) Rigid and pliable solids. Measure the dimensions of the sample and support it by means of metal ringstands, clamps, rings, or other suitable devices as needed, so that the major axis is oriented horizontally and the maximum surface is freely exposed to the atmosphere. (b) Procedure. Place the prepared sample in a draft-free area that can be ventilated and cleared after each test. The temperature of the sample at the time of testing shall be between 68 °F. and 86 °F. Hold a burning paraffin candle whose diameter is at least 1 inch, so that the flame is in contact with the surface of the sample at the end of the major axis for 5 seconds or until the sample ignites, whichever is less. Remove the candle. By means of a stopwatch, determine the time of combustion with self-sustained flame. Do not exceed 60 seconds. Extinguish flame with a CO 2 or similar nondestructive type extinguisher. Measure the dimensions of the burnt area and calculate the rate of burning along the major axis of the sample. Deleted: flashpoint of Deleted: (a) Equipment required. The test equipment consists of a base 8 inches wide, 2 feet long, marked in 6-inch intervals. A rule 2 feet long and marked in inches is supported horizontally on the side of the base and about 6 inches above it. A paraffin candle 1 inch or more in diameter, and of such height that the top third of the flame is at the height of the horizontal rule, is placed at the zero point in the base. (b) Procedure. The test is conducted in a draft-free area that can be ventilated and cleared after each test. Place the selfpressurized container at a distance of 6 inches from the flame source. Spray for periods of 15 seconds to 20 seconds (one observer noting the extension of the flame and the other operating the container) through the top third of the flame and at a right angle to the flame. The height of the flame should be approximately 2 inches. Take three readings for each test, and average. As a precaution do not spray large quantities in a small, confined space. Free space of previously ... [1] Deleted: Use the apparatus described in § 1500.43a. Use some means such as dry ice in an open container to chill the pressurized container. Chill the container, the flash cup, and the bath solution of the apparatus (brine or glycol may be used) to a temperature of about 25 °F below zero. Puncture the chilled container to exhaust the propellant. Transfer the chilled formulation to the test apparatus and test in accordance with the method described in § 1500.43a.
conditions in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. (2) The oscilloscope shall be the storage type or one equipped with a camera. It shall have a response uniform to within ±1 decibel from 50 hertz to 250 kilohertz or higher. It shall be calibrated to within ±1 decibel against an external voltage source periodically during the tests. (b) Procedure. (1) Use the type pistol that would ordinarily be used with the caps being tested. Place the pistol and testing equipment so that neither the pistol nor the microphone is closer than 1 meter from any wall, floor, ceiling, or other large obstruction. Locate the pistol and the microphone in the same horizontal plane with a distance of 25 centimeters between the diaphragm of the microphone and the position of the explosive. Measure the peak sound pressure level at each of the six designated orientations of the pistol with respect to the measuring microphone. The 0° orientation corresponds to the muzzle of the pistol pointing at the microphone. The 90°, 180°, and 270° orientations are measured in a clockwise direction when looking down on the pistol with its barrel horizontal, as illustrated by the following figure: (2) The hammer and trigger orientations are obtained by rotating the pistol about the axis of the barrel, when the pistol is in the 90° or 270° orientation, so that the hammer and the trigger are each respectively closest to and in the same horizontal plane with the microphone. (3) Fire 10 shots at each of the six orientations, obtaining readings on the oscilloscope of the maximum peak voltage for each shot. Average the results of the 10 firings for each of the six orientations. (4) Using the orientation that yields the highest average value, convert the value to 16 CFR Ch. II (1–1–05 Edition)—proposed modificication – 6/25/06 -- 49 -- sound pressure levels in decibels relative to 20 micronewtons per square meter using the response to the calibrated measuring microphone. § 1500.48 Technical requirements for determining a sharp point in toys and other articles intended for use by children under 8 years of age. (a) Objective. The sharp point test prescribed by paragraph (d) of this section will be used by the Commission in making a preliminary determination that points on toys and other articles intended for use by children under 8 years of age, and such points exposed in normal use or as a result of reasonably foreseeable damage or abuse of such toys and articles, present a potential risk of injury by puncture or laceration under section 2(s) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261(s)). The Commission will further evaluate points that are identified as presenting a potential risk of puncture or laceration injury to determine the need for individual product regulatory action. (b) Scope — (1) General. The sharp point test of paragraph (d) of this section is applicable to toys or other articles that are introduced into interstate commerce on or after December 22, 1978. The sharp point test shall be applied to any accessible portion of the test sample before and after subjecting the test sample to the use and abuse tests of §§ 1500.51, 1500.52, and 1500.53 (excluding the bite test-paragraph (c) of each section). (2) Exemptions. (i) Toys and other children’s articles that are the subject of any of the following regulations are exempt from this § 1500.48: The regulations for bicycles, nonfull-size baby cribs, and full-size baby cribs (parts 1508, 1509, and 1512, of this chapter). (ii) Toys that by reason of their functional purpose necessarily present the hazard of sharp points and that do not have any nonfunctional sharp points are exempt from this § 1500.48: Provided, Each toy is identified by a conspicuous, legible, and visible label at the time of any sale, as having functional sharp points. An example of such toys is a toy sewing machine with a needle. (iii) Articles, besides toys, intended for use by children that by reason of their functional purpose necessarily present the hazard of sharp points and that do not have any nonfunctional
Page 1 and 2: 16 CFR Ch. II (1-1-05 Edition) - pr
Page 3 and 4: (6)(i) Highly toxic means any subst
Page 5 and 6: involved presents an imminent hazar
Page 7 and 8: experimental animals in which signi
Page 9 and 10: (A) Flammable gas, Category 2: Gase
Page 11 and 12: limited to, a garage, carport, barn
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Page 15 and 16: Use only under [close] adult superv
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Page 21 and 22: (B) For purposes of LHAMA enforceme
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Page 25 and 26: foam and on grass. No other data ar
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Page 37 and 38: eactions are evaluated on the basis
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matters relevant to the admissibili
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