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truthfulness<br />
good character<br />
written & produced by<br />
self-respect<br />
<strong>ethics</strong><br />
truthfulness<br />
honesty principles honour<br />
dignity decency<br />
legacy<br />
sincerity<br />
strength<br />
rebuilding <strong>ethics</strong><br />
in cycle sport:<br />
a how to guide for riders,<br />
parents and coaches<br />
morals<br />
inspire<br />
fairness<br />
trustworthiness<br />
coherence<br />
influence<br />
unified<br />
virtue<br />
integrity<br />
decorum<br />
foreword by<br />
graeme obree
what is bike pure?<br />
Bike Pure is an independent not for profit global organisation whose aim is to increase and promote the integrity<br />
of cycle sport worldwide. Our core mission is to educate cyclists of all ages and abilities that they can<br />
compete as true, honest sports people.<br />
Bike Pure support many projects around the world, working closely with coaches and youth groups to<br />
ensure the message of fair, honest sport is adhered to and promoted in a positive manner.<br />
Bike Pure raise much needed funds through it’s close association of it’s supporting partners and the<br />
sale of items on it’s online store bikepurestore.org<br />
Please support fair honest sport by visiting us at our social media platforms.<br />
We all have a part to play in the promotion of sporting <strong>ethics</strong> and integrity.<br />
Facebook.com/BikePure<br />
@BikePure<br />
bike pure's core principles<br />
Generate an environment where both professional and amateur cyclists are never faced with a decision to dope.<br />
Develop sustainable partnerships with coaches across the world to promote <strong>ethics</strong> and fair play to their athletes.<br />
Inspire true honest sport amongst all athletes, regardless of age or ability.<br />
Inspire athletes to compete with integrity and fair play through Bike Pure initiatives and education.<br />
Envisage a sporting arena where all athletes can compete in a dope free environment.<br />
Put an end to the ‘win at all costs mentality’ we see in sport.<br />
Published by Bike Pure Inc. January 2015.<br />
Copyright © 2015<br />
This brochure is dedicated to those who adhere to fair and honest<br />
competition and continue to uphold the true spirit of sport.<br />
Contributor:<br />
Sean Wilson, PhD – Associate Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology,<br />
Loma Linda University School of Medicine. Level 1 USA Cycling Coach with Distinction.<br />
2<br />
Acknowledgements<br />
Graeme Obree<br />
Apollo Cycling Team<br />
Lionel Reynaud<br />
Anton Vos<br />
Bec Henderson
introduction<br />
by Andy Layhe, Co-Founder, Bike Pure<br />
We all love cycling. Getting on the bike<br />
and pushing those pedals is fun and<br />
exciting. Cycling is one of the most<br />
healthy sports and we all know how much<br />
better we feel after we’ve ridden, even if<br />
it’s for just a few minutes.<br />
If you race, have young children or<br />
partners who race, you will all agree<br />
that the sheer fun and excitement from<br />
watching or participating in cycling<br />
is fantastic and exhilarating. Cycling<br />
participation is on the upsurge, with<br />
it’s gaining each year. More and more<br />
people are experiencing the sheer<br />
beauty of cycling and reaping the health<br />
benefits.<br />
Unfortunately, the news is not all good.<br />
We have seen the dark side of cycling,<br />
and alas all sport, with regard to the ‘win<br />
at all costs’ mentality that creeps into<br />
the sporting arena. This is undermining<br />
the foundation of sport. Our goal at Bike<br />
Pure is to promote cycling by helping<br />
to educate cyclists, especially young<br />
athletes, to the importance of honest and<br />
ethical sport. Athletes who abide by the<br />
rules and show respect and integrity<br />
for their opponents and officials are<br />
powerful symbols. These individuals are<br />
part of a select group who possess good<br />
sportsmanship and values.<br />
If you have young children who<br />
participate in sport, you may have<br />
witnessed angry parents or disrespectful<br />
cyclists arguing with officials at events.<br />
The disappointing actions of these<br />
individuals were the catalyst for this<br />
document. Our hope is that parents,<br />
coaches and young athletes will act in a<br />
fair and decent way and thereby become<br />
the role models our sport needs and<br />
deserves.<br />
This guide is intended to help shed light<br />
on those ideals, across all disciplines<br />
and abilities. We hope this brochure can<br />
help change attitudes and shift sporting<br />
culture and ethical attitudes.<br />
Changing sporting attitudes will take<br />
everyone’s involvement. We all need<br />
to take time to think about our position<br />
within the sport. Whether you are an<br />
athlete, coach, parent or simply a fan,<br />
you can help promote the values and<br />
principles we cover in this brochure.<br />
Sport brings people together and we<br />
are all have a significant role to play. You<br />
can help shape the way cycle sport is<br />
perceived globally.<br />
We encourage you to share this manual<br />
with friends, coaches or anyone else<br />
connected to sport. We want you to help<br />
promote fair and honest sport. Your<br />
involvement is vital. You are integral to<br />
solving the ethical problems that our<br />
sport faces today. Encourage your friends<br />
to download and read this free brochure<br />
that is available at www.bikepure.org.<br />
We want to thank our affiliate sponsors<br />
who are proud to stand up and support<br />
fair, honest sport and a special thanks<br />
to cycling legend Graeme Obree for<br />
his involvement in this project. We also<br />
thank you for supporting our cause and<br />
spreading our message. Here is to a<br />
brighter and better future for the sport of<br />
cycling.<br />
Yours in sport<br />
Andy Layhe<br />
Co-Founder<br />
Bike Pure<br />
3
foreword by graeme obree<br />
World Hour Record Holder 1993 (51.595km)<br />
World Hour Record Holder 1994 (52.713km)<br />
World Individual Pursuit Champion 1993<br />
World Individual Pursuit Champion 1995<br />
I was first attracted into cycling as a youngster it<br />
seemed a great way to escape the drab and hum<br />
drum surrounds of life in a small village. I was lucky<br />
in that I did not have to travel far to open up whole<br />
new and exciting horizons for me to explore and<br />
discover. Within a heart-beat, I could escape to<br />
beautiful places and learn to love and understand<br />
the world. My head was filled with thoughts of the<br />
great explorers as I broke boundaries that I could<br />
never as a pedestrian.<br />
I loved cycling over the hills and felt like one of the<br />
world’s great explorers as I headed to horizons new,<br />
that without a bike would never have been within<br />
my reach. Whether it was hostelling trips across<br />
Scotland or day trips into the moors and valleys of<br />
Ayrshire and beyond, the pleasures were intense,<br />
my sense of freedom defined and intensified.<br />
My love of cycling led me to racing and this was<br />
where I discovered that I had the ability to cycle<br />
fast. The fun and racing continued, often with some<br />
monetary reward for my efforts, which was great<br />
as times were tough in the eighties, with few job<br />
opportunities.<br />
Gradually I learned to understand that my abilities<br />
as a cyclist were good, good enough eventually<br />
to challenge and break Francesco Moser’s World<br />
Hour Record and to become the World 4000m<br />
pursuit Champion. I got there through a mix of<br />
personal desire, a thorough analysis of my training<br />
techniques and designing frames and bike that<br />
were right for me. I must stress that throughout my<br />
career I never broke any rules. If I am ever cast<br />
as a renegade then that is incorrect. I achieved<br />
everything completely within the rules of the sport<br />
and perhaps more importantly within the morals of<br />
my sport. My achievement was earned intellectually<br />
and physically, my conscience clear, my honour<br />
hard earned.<br />
When I look back on my cycling career I could feel<br />
sad, perhaps I should feel sad. I was competing<br />
with many athletes who did something which I<br />
despise. They chose to use performance enhancing<br />
drugs to fuel their ambition to become better than<br />
they naturally were. My career coincided with the<br />
huge growth in the use of blood boosters like EPO.<br />
Riders who were less able than me thrust onto the<br />
world cycling scene driven by white coated, often<br />
anonymous chemists and doctors. The charade was<br />
complete by the celebration, the idolatry of some of<br />
sports greatest cheats, cheats who were lauded and<br />
glorified throughout the world.<br />
I turned my back on cycling. I did not watch or<br />
follow the Tour de France, the Giro, The Classics.<br />
Year after year, a more ridiculous charade was<br />
being celebrated. I refused to participate in or<br />
endorse those celebrations. Those (now hollow)<br />
victories were built upon a foundation of lies<br />
and deception. Human performance had been<br />
subjugated by chemical performance. The winner’s<br />
boards should have been populated by chemists<br />
and doctors, the trophies needle shaped. Many<br />
racing cyclists had become human guinea pigs,<br />
sacrificial and willing to castigate their honour,<br />
dignity and in some cases their lives, in pursuit<br />
of a dirty cheque. Nothing new in that, but with a<br />
lazy and complacent cycling organization then the<br />
corruption was absolute. I harboured resentment for<br />
a long time for opportunity denied.<br />
On reflection, I do not feel sad for the career that<br />
was stolen from me as I retired with my honour<br />
intact. I never cheated. I was never attracted to the<br />
culture of the pill and the needle. How could I look<br />
my children in the eye if ever I chose that pathway?<br />
Honour and dignity are much more important to me<br />
than false glory and dirty money.<br />
Bike Pure enshrines values which are core to me.<br />
Cycling is beautiful, a wondrous and marvellous<br />
past-time. I love cycling that is clean and about<br />
honour as much as success. I detest performance<br />
drug use in sport, all sport. I detest cyclists who<br />
continue to live in a parallel universe protesting<br />
values which they do not support while willing to<br />
submit to the syringe in pursuit of soiled success.<br />
I detest the hypocrisy which is represented by<br />
drug cheats. I detest that many drug cheats are still<br />
celebrated and still retain lucrative endorsements.<br />
I detest the fact that very many clean and talented<br />
riders have had their careers stolen, defaced,<br />
destroyed by the drug cheaters. I detest the fact that<br />
drug cheating is still part of the cycling culture. It<br />
must be eradicated and that starts with riders being<br />
man and woman enough to ride only for honour.<br />
Support Bike Pure and stand up for the rights of a<br />
sport that is clean, fair, exciting and captivating.<br />
Graeme Obree<br />
4
the fight against doping<br />
Professional cycling has had more than<br />
it’s fair share of doping controversies over<br />
the years.<br />
To many, professional cycling remains<br />
synonymous with winning by doping<br />
and cheating. Drug testing is very<br />
common in cycling. In fact, the World<br />
Anti Doping Agency, which regulates<br />
drug testing in all sports, was conceived<br />
because of drug doping in the Tour de<br />
France. Cycling was also the first sport<br />
to introduce the blood profiling biopassport<br />
system in the hope of making<br />
it more difficult for athletes to dope.<br />
Cycling is the leading sport when it<br />
comes to blood testing, the biological<br />
passport, and the out of competition<br />
testing program. Simply put, the more<br />
often they test, the more cheaters they<br />
will catch.<br />
For a variety of reasons, other sports lag<br />
behind cycling in terms of their testing<br />
programs and advancing anti-doping<br />
education. This makes cycling the world<br />
leader in trying to rid cheating.<br />
Even with all of the advances in drug<br />
testing our wonderful sport remains at<br />
great risk due to doping. There is a great<br />
deal of work to do and the importance<br />
of anti-doping education is high on the<br />
agendas of the major partners involved in<br />
the sport.<br />
We all love cycling, even though it may<br />
be for many different reasons. If you<br />
love something enough you will protect<br />
it to the best of your ability. That is how<br />
we at Bike Pure feel about our sport.<br />
Doping is a big problem, far larger than<br />
any individual rider that cheats to gain<br />
an advantage and win a race. Love and<br />
protect your sport.<br />
Anti-Doping Tests Conducted in 2013<br />
football<br />
Cycling<br />
Athletics<br />
Aquatics<br />
weight lifting<br />
skiing<br />
rugby<br />
basketball<br />
skating<br />
judo<br />
volleyball<br />
rowing<br />
wrestling<br />
canoeing<br />
boxing<br />
triathlon<br />
ice hockey<br />
tennis<br />
handball<br />
powerlifting<br />
shooting<br />
biathlon<br />
gymnastics<br />
fencing<br />
bodybuilding<br />
taekwondo<br />
field hockey<br />
baseball<br />
bobsleigh<br />
badminton<br />
karate<br />
table tennis<br />
cricket<br />
archery<br />
6439<br />
6126<br />
5546<br />
4655<br />
4476<br />
4375<br />
4343<br />
4331<br />
4024<br />
3522<br />
3495<br />
3488<br />
3476<br />
3231<br />
2525<br />
2350<br />
2338<br />
2142<br />
1980<br />
1710<br />
1588<br />
1452<br />
1443<br />
1372<br />
1264<br />
1055<br />
1035<br />
1035<br />
871<br />
721<br />
8553<br />
11585<br />
24942<br />
28002<br />
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000<br />
5
affiliates and supporters of bike pure<br />
if your company or organisation supports fair, honest sport,<br />
we would be delighted to hear from you.<br />
info@bikepure.org<br />
6
fair and honest sport<br />
“Being honest in sport isn’t just about<br />
saying ‘NO’ to doping or cheating.”<br />
Nowadays athletes are expected to not<br />
only be successful, but also expected<br />
to promote positive images for the<br />
sport. To achieve this, they must act in a<br />
professional manner whilst being a role<br />
model even when they are away from all<br />
the constant pressure of the media.<br />
The movements and behaviour of the<br />
world’s top athletes is under constant<br />
scrutiny. As such, it is critical that athletes<br />
are seen as being ethical role models.<br />
In the modern world we live and era of<br />
social networking, the fans demand it,<br />
the media demands it, and the sponsors<br />
demand it.<br />
Good sportsmanship and fair play isn’t<br />
an abstract theory. Sportsmanship is an<br />
attitude that transcends behaviour and<br />
forms the building blocks of honesty in<br />
sport, which ultimately has a positive<br />
effect on fellow athletes, coaches,<br />
mentors and cycling fans.<br />
Unfortunately, cheating and rule breaking<br />
occur in all sports. Whether that be a<br />
dive to gain a penalty or free kick in<br />
football, to verbally abusing an official or<br />
fellow athlete. It’s unfortunate that some<br />
athletes will go to any lengths to gain that<br />
extra advantage over their opponents by<br />
breaking the rules.<br />
We have all felt the anger,<br />
disappointment and sadness towards<br />
the reputation of our sport when athletes<br />
test positive for using performance<br />
enhancing drugs or breaking the rules<br />
in order to win, not only in cycling but<br />
across all sports. Because of these<br />
indiscretions we’ve seen many athlete’s<br />
records, and victories nullified, including<br />
the handing back of yellow jersey’s worn<br />
by former Tour de France ‘winners’.<br />
Certainly it is easy for athletes to hand<br />
back medals once they’ve been caught<br />
cheating. But the damage is already<br />
done. Restoring their own dignity and the<br />
public’s faith is difficult.<br />
However, the actions of the cheaters is<br />
damaging to other competitors too. Most<br />
dramatically the second placed athlete,<br />
the ‘clean’ athlete, who will be given the<br />
title of ‘winner’ long after the event, but<br />
will never get to experience the occasion<br />
of the ‘victory’ in its true manner.<br />
Being honest in sport isn’t just about<br />
saying ‘NO’ to doping or cheating.<br />
Honesty encompasses a whole<br />
collection of positive attributes such as<br />
shaking hands and congratulating your<br />
opponents, respecting officials and the<br />
rules, and being a general all round good<br />
sports person.<br />
Professional sporting careers are short<br />
compared to ‘normal’ careers. However,<br />
many athletes build on their competitive<br />
experiences to continue in their sport<br />
long after they retire from top level<br />
competition either through careers in<br />
media, coaching, or management. A<br />
career tainted by a drug scandal or a<br />
sanction due to cheating can hinder a<br />
sports persons professional working life<br />
for their entire career. Being true in sport<br />
and promoting fair play has a prolonged<br />
and positive effect on a career long after<br />
you’ve stopped the hard training and<br />
racing.<br />
7
ADVERTORIAL<br />
put your hands<br />
up for honest<br />
sport<br />
pure & natural<br />
join us on our journey...<br />
Twitter.com/BikePure<br />
Facebook.com/BikePure
the influence of a coach<br />
“Coaches can provide important moral<br />
guidance for athletes in their care...”<br />
Sandra Peláez at Concordia University<br />
in the United States recently examined<br />
the moral influence that 17 elite coaches<br />
have over their athletes.<br />
Her work illustrates that coaches provide<br />
important moral guidance for athletes.<br />
What is more, before athletes begin<br />
working with coaches an athletes’<br />
parents provide the early guidance,<br />
which ultimately shapes how they will<br />
act. It is therefore clear that both coaches<br />
and parents have unique relationships<br />
with athletes. The importance of these<br />
relationships in the development of an<br />
athlete’s ability to make ethical decisions<br />
is tantamount to an athlete’s path in life<br />
and cannot be overlooked.<br />
History has shown the value of confiding<br />
in close friends, family, and mentors<br />
when making difficult decisions. This<br />
is discussed in more depth in a later<br />
section of this publication.<br />
The full transcript of Sandra Peláez’s<br />
study can be found on the following link:<br />
http://spectrum.library.concordia.<br />
ca/7400/1/Pelaez_PhD_S2011.pdf<br />
What we have found is that as athletes<br />
become more engaged in sport they<br />
become more reliant on coaches<br />
for moral and ethical guidance. This<br />
underscores the role of coaches in the<br />
decision making process, the importance<br />
of healthy and close coach/athlete<br />
relationships, and the moral influence of<br />
coaches.<br />
We at Bike Pure fundamentally believe<br />
that the guidance of coaches, managers,<br />
and everyone else that are close to<br />
athletes play pivotal roles in defining an<br />
athlete’s morals.<br />
9
integrity, rules, <strong>ethics</strong> and values in sport<br />
“Ask yourself how your decision could affect<br />
those around you...”<br />
The ethical and moral decisions athletes<br />
make have profound consequences<br />
on their futures. It is fundamental that<br />
all athletes try to better themselves<br />
by adhering to guidelines and honest<br />
principles and reflect themselves with<br />
integrity within the sporting arena.<br />
Integrity is vital to athletes. Actions,<br />
values, methods and principles provide<br />
a foundation of what is right and wrong.<br />
These values have a profound and<br />
worthwhile effect on the decisions<br />
athlete’s make.<br />
When faced with an ethical dilemma,<br />
the athlete must ask themselves how<br />
their decision could affect those around<br />
them and the impact it may have on<br />
themselves.<br />
Making the right choices is not always<br />
black and white. If faced with a difficult<br />
decision, you may be unsure if you are<br />
making the correct choice. If so, ensure<br />
you speak to those close to you and don’t<br />
rush into making a decision. Often, by<br />
sharing the process and your thoughts<br />
with a coach, parent, best friend or<br />
mentor, or some or all of them, it can<br />
often help you reach the correct decision.<br />
Although you are ultimately accountable<br />
for your actions, remember you do have<br />
supporters. Turn to them for help and<br />
advice when you can.<br />
Making correct choices about ethical<br />
sporting decisions is often a complicated<br />
process. We hope the points below can<br />
help form part of that decision making<br />
process.<br />
Respect:<br />
Respect comes in many forms.<br />
Respecting the rules is vital to healthy<br />
sport as it is the fundamental standard<br />
for perception. Fair play is another<br />
form of respect that requires you have<br />
unconditional respect for your opponents,<br />
officials and supporters. We charge you<br />
to follow this guideline ‘treat others the<br />
way you would wish to be treated’.<br />
Tolerance and Self Control:<br />
Having the ability to accept behaviours<br />
or decisions you do not fully agree with<br />
helps you develop your self-control.<br />
Maintaining control by being tolerant can<br />
ultimately become the deciding factor<br />
when it comes to winning or losing. We<br />
charge you to ‘grow to lead, strive for<br />
excellence, and at the same time lead<br />
by example’.<br />
Integrity:<br />
To become a true champion you need<br />
to insist on high professional standards<br />
for yourself. Developing a strong ethical<br />
framework will have a positive effect on<br />
those around you. Behaving honestly in<br />
sport and having strong moral principles<br />
are the foundation of fair play. Take<br />
responsibility for your choices, don’t<br />
make excuses or blame others for your<br />
actions.<br />
Beyond the Finish Line:<br />
Winning shouldn’t be paramount in<br />
obtaining your objectives. It is important<br />
to learn to compete well but lose with<br />
dignity. Athlete’s should celebrate<br />
progress and be proud of what they<br />
achieve.<br />
10
Photo Courtesy: Anton Vos<br />
However, a key part of sport is having fun.<br />
Do not be disheartened or disappointed<br />
if you don’t accomplish all your<br />
objectives. Healthy competition can help<br />
you discover many other possibilities<br />
within sport.<br />
• Respect yourself and also your<br />
competitors<br />
• Pursue your ambitions with honour<br />
• Don’t walk away from a handshake,<br />
be first to congratulate your fellow<br />
competitors<br />
• Better to lose with dignity than win<br />
at all costs<br />
• Follow the rules<br />
• Respect officials<br />
• Be courteous to others<br />
• You represent your team and<br />
sponsors at all times, whether or<br />
not you wear team clothing<br />
• Don’t use foul language to others<br />
• Give encouragement to others,<br />
especially younger and less<br />
experienced athletes<br />
• Maintain self-control even in the<br />
toughest of situations<br />
• Avoid the ‘win at all costs’ mentality<br />
• Lead by integrity and example<br />
• Enjoy yourself<br />
• Treat your friends!<br />
11
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100% of profits go to promoting fair, honest sport<br />
available at www.bikepurestore.org<br />
12
Case Study<br />
Duo Junior<br />
Mountain Bike<br />
Development<br />
Camp<br />
Canberra, Australia<br />
Hosted by Bec Henderson<br />
(Trek Factory Racing)<br />
1st Overall U23 UCI Mountain Bike World Cup 2013<br />
Multiple Australian Mountain Bike Champion<br />
3rd 2014 Commonwealth Games, Glasgow<br />
www.bechenderson.com.au<br />
The Duo Junior Development Camp first started in October 2014<br />
and is a new initiative from Australian Mountain Bike Olympians<br />
Rebecca Henderson and Dan McConnell. The Duo Junior<br />
Development Camp is a mountain bike skills camp as well as a<br />
more serious side with classroom and practical sessions about<br />
training, nutrition, race preparation and tactics as well as bike<br />
preparation, maintenance and strength and stretching.<br />
The camp is an opportunity for Bec and Dan to support Australia’s<br />
future mountain bikers and is made possible by the Beyond Bank<br />
Duo Classic, a 50km mountain bike pairs race organised by the<br />
couple each year. It began in 2012 as a fundraising race to help<br />
Bec and Dan attend the races required to qualify for the London<br />
Olympic Games. In 2012 the race had 320 participants and<br />
has since exceeded 400. Bec and Dan put aside $5 from every<br />
participating rider to support Junior initiatives. During 2013 the<br />
proceeds went towards the James Williamson Fund, which hosted<br />
30 Junior riders at a camp in New South Wales, Australia.<br />
In October 2014 the Duo Junior Development saw 11 riders spend<br />
three days in Canberra, Australia. Sessions were held at a world<br />
class facility in Stromlo Forest Park as well as local trails. Riders<br />
were taught, or re taught some of the basic core skills of mountain<br />
biking and perfecting skills in simple situations really helped the<br />
riders improve their technical skills. All riders received Bike Pure<br />
packs outlining the importance of integrity and <strong>ethics</strong> in sport,<br />
along with anti-doping material.<br />
The feedback from the riders at the Duo Junior Development camp<br />
was overwhelmingly positive. The value the riders received in<br />
spending time with athletes of such a high and professional level<br />
not only helps to inspire and motivate riders to achieve great things<br />
in the sport of mountain biking, but also shows that Australia’s<br />
elite racers are accessible and believe in the future of Australia’s<br />
mountain bikers!<br />
13
what is doping?<br />
Doping is defined by the World Anti-<br />
Doping Agency (WADA) as ‘the<br />
occurrence of one or more of the antidoping<br />
rule violations set forth in Article<br />
2.1 through Article 2.10 of the Code’, as<br />
defined by the World Anti Doping Code<br />
2015 (published 1st January 2015)<br />
From a practical perspective this is a<br />
means of improving performance or<br />
recovery through ingesting, injecting<br />
or transfusing illegal performance<br />
enhancers that are listed on the WADA<br />
Prohibited List, also referred to as ‘The<br />
Code’.<br />
More simply, doping is using drugs or<br />
methods to enhance performance.<br />
Doping is many things but in a nutshell<br />
it is cheating. If you dope you aren’t<br />
only cheating yourself, but also your<br />
opponents, your friends and family<br />
and let’s not forget, you’re cheating the<br />
sport you love. Doping is also stealing.<br />
You are effectively robbing prize money<br />
and victories from honest and ethical<br />
opponents.<br />
Unfortunately, cheating is all around us:<br />
on the news, in magazines, newspapers<br />
and on the Internet. Doping and cheating<br />
have become increasingly commonplace<br />
in the sporting arena over the last<br />
number of years. This isn’t solely because<br />
more athletes are doping, but also it’s<br />
because we can catch them more easily.<br />
There have been many technological<br />
improvements in detecting banned<br />
substances, an increase in competition<br />
testing (IC) and more importantly an<br />
increase in out of competition testing<br />
(OOC).<br />
Under the WADA rules, if you refuse to<br />
take a drug test or attempt to tamper<br />
with a sample it could result in you<br />
being sanctioned and called a cheater.<br />
Unfortunately, banned substances<br />
are everywhere and you might even<br />
dope by accident. Many over the<br />
counter medications and even sports<br />
supplements contain banned substances.<br />
Although not full proof, ensure you check<br />
the ingredients of all products you use;<br />
It’s your responsibility at the end of the<br />
day. If unsure - don’t take it!<br />
One option for an athlete is to document<br />
what you take, why you take it and<br />
the research you have done into that<br />
particular substance. This is a ‘Medicinal<br />
Diary’ which we created for our own<br />
women’s cycling team Bike Pure-<br />
LeMond-Aspire Velotech Racing Team<br />
during 2014.<br />
It is a simple diary of anything and<br />
everything that you have ‘needed to take’<br />
for medicinal purposes. You document<br />
your ailment, what substance you have<br />
taken and the time and date you have<br />
checked the WADA List using the Global<br />
Drug Reference Online.<br />
(www.globaldro.com)<br />
Anyone convicted of doping or supplying<br />
and administering illegal substances<br />
receives sanctions and even life bans<br />
from sport if their indiscretions were<br />
severe enough.<br />
14
The World Anti-Doping Code is free and<br />
available at www.wada-ama.org<br />
15
consequences of doping?<br />
“Some banned substances are not even<br />
approved for human consumption.”<br />
The consequences of doping can be<br />
far reaching. What may seem like a<br />
‘small’ or hasty decision to take an<br />
illegal substance or unknowingly take a<br />
performance enhancer can have huge<br />
repercussions not only for an athlete but<br />
also their parents, coach, mentors, fans,<br />
sponsors and the sport as a whole.<br />
If you are ever faced with a decision<br />
to dope or are unsure about ingesting<br />
a substance, think about the effects it<br />
may have on those close to you and the<br />
consequences it may bring. A simple<br />
question to ask yourself is ‘Would I tell my<br />
parents about what I am doing?’<br />
Doping can result in severe health and<br />
social consequences depending on<br />
which product or group of products is<br />
taken.<br />
Bike Pure encourages athletes to fully<br />
understand the repercussions of doping<br />
and encourage them to adopt a healthy<br />
lifestyle and positive attitude towards<br />
sport.<br />
We further encourage you to ensure that<br />
any medications or supplements you<br />
may ingest knowingly or otherwise do<br />
not contain any prohibited substances.<br />
If in doubt, check the ingredients with<br />
the WADA Prohibited List or contact<br />
your national anti-doping agency for<br />
clarification. The WADA list is amended<br />
each year so ensure you are checking<br />
the most up to date banned substance<br />
list.<br />
There are a number of smart phone apps<br />
that allow you to type in ingredients and<br />
obtain information as to whether they are<br />
acceptable to take under WADA rules.<br />
There are many established doping<br />
substances but there are always new<br />
ones. While we know many of the long<br />
term health consequences of established<br />
drugs, no one can be certain of what the<br />
newer ones will do to you.<br />
Some banned substances are not even<br />
approved for human consumption!<br />
This raises more serious questions and<br />
consequences with regards to the health<br />
and well-being including the long term<br />
and possibly fatal effects they may have if<br />
you take them.<br />
It is paramount that athletes understand<br />
the harm they can do to themselves<br />
by ingesting or injecting illegal<br />
performance enhancers. Products are<br />
often manufactured on the black market<br />
and contain additional substances, some<br />
possibly harmful or fatal. Remember<br />
that not all substances show all of the<br />
ingredients or even the correct labelling.<br />
There are psychological as well as<br />
physical effects of doping. Once you<br />
step over the line and enter the world of<br />
illegal enhancers it opens up a cauldron<br />
of problems. When you begin using<br />
banned substances, they will strip your<br />
<strong>ethics</strong>, remove the spirit of fair play, and<br />
effectively undermine the true value of<br />
sport.<br />
16
Sporting <strong>ethics</strong> and true competition is<br />
not a theory, it’s often the backbone to the<br />
very reason athletes first enter into sport<br />
and honest competition at a young age.<br />
Without this, sport becomes nullified and<br />
worthless in the eyes of many.<br />
Results and victories achieved through<br />
doping can’t be returned and the<br />
repercussions on your family, friends and<br />
coaches can be very difficult to deal with.<br />
Try to think of those close to you and the<br />
effect the decisions you make may have<br />
on their lives and how they may affect<br />
their relationships with you.<br />
There is life after a career in sport, a<br />
life that is often far longer than your<br />
sporting life. Performances, both honest<br />
and dishonest, stay with you for the rest<br />
of your life. If you cheat in sport, try<br />
to remember that the effects of a bad<br />
decision can be long lasting. You can’t go<br />
back on an unethical decision. There are<br />
no ‘do-overs’!<br />
Being a true and honest sportsman<br />
brings many advantages once you have<br />
completed your athletic career. It’s<br />
important to remember this and how it<br />
can benefit you in the future.<br />
Social Consequences of Doping<br />
• Removing or nullifying any of your previous career achievements<br />
• Loss of sponsorships<br />
• Loss of livelihood and salary<br />
• Damaged relationships with family, friends and team mates<br />
• Detachment from the sport and those close to you<br />
• Damage to your own emotional and psychological well being<br />
• Possibility of not representing your country again, ie. Olympic ban.<br />
Physical and Mental Consequences of Doping<br />
• Reliance on doping products to maintain physical performance<br />
• Short and long term side effects of substances<br />
• Feelings of guilt carried with you throughout life and career<br />
17
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health consequences and side effects of doping<br />
“Many banned substances are sourced on<br />
the black market and have yet to undergo<br />
approval for use on humans.”<br />
There are many side effects to using<br />
doping substances or methods. These<br />
side effects often vary depending on<br />
gender and amount of use. Below we<br />
list some of the common side effects for<br />
the main doping substances. Many of<br />
the side effects are alarming and taking<br />
multiple products only increases the<br />
dangers to your health.<br />
mislabelled. Some names of steroids that<br />
are produced for animal use include:<br />
• Stanozolol<br />
• Boldebal-H<br />
• Nandrabolin<br />
• Spectriol<br />
• Drive<br />
• Stanabolic<br />
Steroids:<br />
Anabolic steroids are typically thought<br />
of as a male hormone, but it is found in<br />
females too. These steroids are important<br />
to muscle growth and recovery. It is a<br />
very common form of doping among<br />
athletes with athletes using drugs<br />
derived or related to testosterone. They<br />
are available in tablet form or injected<br />
directly into muscle. Some common<br />
names of anabolic steroids are:<br />
• Andriol<br />
• Halotestin<br />
• Proviron<br />
• Sustanon<br />
• Primobolan<br />
• Deca-Durabolin<br />
If you obtain steroids from a gym or a<br />
dealer, you may be getting counterfeit<br />
products. They may have been produced<br />
for use on animals, be fake and<br />
Common side effects of Steroids in<br />
men are:-<br />
• Baldness<br />
• Addiction<br />
• Increased aggression<br />
• Permanent liver damage and liver<br />
tumours<br />
• Depression<br />
• Abnormal hair growth<br />
• A decrease or complete shutdown<br />
of the body’s ability to produce<br />
testosterone<br />
• Pustular acne<br />
• Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)<br />
• Heart disease<br />
• High blood pressure<br />
• High cholesterol levels<br />
• Infertility<br />
• Diabetes<br />
19
health consequences and side effects of doping<br />
Steroids: (continued)<br />
Common side effects of Steroids in<br />
women:-<br />
• Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)<br />
• Facial hair, acne<br />
• Permanent deep voice<br />
• Heart problems - abnormal heart<br />
rhythms (due to use with diuretics),<br />
high blood pressure, fluid retention<br />
and/or heart attack<br />
• Effects on the unborn child if taken<br />
during pregnancy<br />
• High Cholesterol levels<br />
• Permanent liver damage and liver<br />
tumours<br />
• Problems with periods/menstruation<br />
• Enlarged clitoris<br />
• Diabetes<br />
Human Growth Hormone<br />
(HGH):<br />
HGH is a hormone which is naturally<br />
occurring in the body. It is vitally<br />
important because it stimulates growth<br />
and increased muscle mass. A blood<br />
test for HGH was introduced at the 2004<br />
Athens Olympics and an improved test is<br />
under development that will expand the<br />
detection window and help catch more<br />
cheaters.<br />
HGH side effects include:-<br />
• Acromegaly (overgrowth of bones<br />
including the jaw and forehead,<br />
hands and feet)<br />
• Increased body hair<br />
• Excessive sweating<br />
• Swelling around joints<br />
• Headaches<br />
• Fatigue<br />
• Onset of carpal tunnel syndrome<br />
• High cholesterol levels<br />
• Alerted glucose metabolism<br />
• Diabetes<br />
• Hardening of arteries<br />
• Cardiovascular disease<br />
• Gynecomastia (enlarged breast<br />
tissue in men)<br />
• Liver damage<br />
20
Blood Doping and EPO<br />
Blood doping is the misuse of techniques<br />
or substances to alter and increase<br />
blood cell mass which allows the body<br />
to transport more oxygen to muscles<br />
in order to increase performance and<br />
stamina.<br />
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a natural<br />
hormone that is important for red blood<br />
cell production. However, blood boosting<br />
by taking synthetic EPO, other related<br />
substances or direct transfusions are<br />
prohibited under World Anti-Doping<br />
rules.<br />
EPO was introduced into professional<br />
sport in the late 1980’s, soon after the<br />
drugs development to treat anaemia<br />
but it wasn’t until the Sydney Olympics<br />
in 2000 that a reliable test for EPO was<br />
introduced.<br />
Although EPO is critical in medicine, its<br />
misuse within the sporting arena poses<br />
serious health risks for users<br />
Side effects of EPO use:<br />
• Kidney disease<br />
• Infections from needles<br />
• Blood clotting and increased<br />
viscosity (thickening) of blood<br />
which can lead to serious injury or<br />
death including:-<br />
• Heart disease<br />
• Cerebral or pulmonary embolism<br />
• Fever<br />
• Nausea<br />
• Anxiety<br />
Blood Transfusions<br />
There are two forms of blood<br />
transfusions, namely homologous and<br />
autologous.<br />
Homologous blood doping is the<br />
transfusion of blood taken from another<br />
person with the same blood type.<br />
Autologous blood doping is the<br />
transfusion of one’s own blood, which has<br />
been stored, refrigerated or frozen until<br />
required.<br />
Homologous blood transfusions (HBT)<br />
can be detected, and this test was put<br />
into effect at the 2004 Olympic Games<br />
in Athens. Blood transfusions can carry<br />
many health problems if not performed<br />
correctly and under correct medical<br />
supervision.<br />
Side effects of blood transfusions:<br />
• Contamination of blood<br />
• Risk of virus or bacterial<br />
contamination<br />
• Heart attack<br />
• Pulmonary or cerebral embolism<br />
• Hepatitis B and C<br />
• Allergic reaction<br />
21
Case Study<br />
Apollo CT<br />
Rockets<br />
Youth<br />
Development<br />
Programme<br />
www.apolloct.com<br />
The Apollo Rockets youth development programme is run by Apollo Cycling Team in Lurgan, Northern<br />
Ireland. The programme enables young kids to learn essential skills and how they can benefit from the<br />
positive aspects of cycle sport.<br />
Part of the programme is to educate those involved to the importance of sporting <strong>ethics</strong> and integrity whilst<br />
at the same time put smiles on kids faces. Bike Pure are very supportive of such projects simply because<br />
they help lay a foundation of sporting <strong>ethics</strong> to young cyclists at a very early age.<br />
“With the Rockets we<br />
teach all the kids to<br />
smile first and win later”<br />
Andy McGibbon - Apollo Rockets Co-Ordinator
supplements and their risks<br />
“Check the ingredients of all<br />
substances - the onus is on you”<br />
The number of supplements available<br />
worldwide seems to increase daily. This<br />
is because supplements are one of the<br />
fastest growing industries for sports<br />
and fitness in the world. The industry<br />
has numerous ads and sponsors many<br />
events. It is nearly impossible to get away<br />
from them. The whole premise is that the<br />
supplements will help make you a better<br />
athlete, but it’s often confusing what<br />
works and how safe they are to take.<br />
Supplements can include a variety of<br />
products including vitamins, minerals,<br />
herbs, amino acids, protein powders,<br />
energy products and much more.<br />
Although some supplements can be<br />
beneficial to athletes, it is important to<br />
remember that many contain products<br />
listed on WADA’s banned substance<br />
list. Some have the unhealthy side<br />
effects previously mentioned. The lines<br />
between safe and unsafe supplement<br />
use are becoming blurred because the<br />
‘supplement culture’ is so intense.<br />
You need to know that companies that<br />
make supplements do not need to prove<br />
that their products are beneficial or even<br />
safe to consume. As is often the case,<br />
many ingredients present in products<br />
aren’t listed as ingredients on packaging.<br />
Regulators have long expressed<br />
concerns about dangerous ingredients,<br />
including ‘banned’ substances, being<br />
in supplements, but they continue<br />
to be available within many ‘fitness’<br />
supplements.<br />
Are Supplements Harmful?<br />
Although some dangerous supplements<br />
are banned, each country has different<br />
laws. A substance that may be banned in<br />
your resident country may be available<br />
to purchase legally elsewhere. Be careful<br />
when you travel.<br />
It is very common for supplements to<br />
contain stimulants such as ephedrine,<br />
yohimbine and synephrine. These are put<br />
into the supplements because they will<br />
give you ‘fast’ effects, but they have been<br />
linked to very bad side effects including<br />
heart seizures and kidney failure.<br />
Ultimately, it is your responsibility, so<br />
ensure you make the right choice.<br />
It is important to remember that a healthy<br />
balanced diet is likely to be enough for<br />
you to have a successful athletic career.<br />
Supplements can be helpful, especially<br />
during recovery, but the importance<br />
of eating natural unprocessed foods<br />
rich in proteins, carbohydrates and the<br />
correct forms of fat should be more than<br />
sufficient.<br />
A simple rule to follow:<br />
IF IN DOUBT ABOUT<br />
THE INGREDIENTS<br />
OR EFFECTS OF<br />
SUPPLEMENTS DO NOT<br />
TAKE THEM.<br />
23
Parents<br />
This section is aimed at parents who have children involved in sport. The following pages<br />
contain some guidance to help ensure your child can become an honest athlete with<br />
strong integrity.<br />
“Parents have a crucial role in the promotion of <strong>ethics</strong> and good<br />
sportsmanship. Through the eyes of their children, parents<br />
are often seen as role models. Let’s make it imperative that<br />
parents set a precedent.”<br />
24
what can you do as a parent?<br />
“It is more important for your child to<br />
learn how to lose with respect, rather<br />
than win at all costs”<br />
As parents, we always want the best<br />
for our children in sport. But where do<br />
parents stop when winning becomes<br />
the main priority? Is it more important<br />
for your child to learn how to lose with<br />
respect, rather than win at all costs? If<br />
winning is everything to you and your<br />
child then how far are you willing to push<br />
the boundaries in order to compete and<br />
be successful? These are just a selection<br />
of questions you can ask yourself as a<br />
parent.<br />
We all want our kids to have the best<br />
opportunities and a rich experience<br />
when it comes to sport and riding the<br />
bike, whether that is riding for fun or for<br />
competition. Cycling, just like all other<br />
sports, not only increases self confidence<br />
in children but through interactions with<br />
other kids they form friendships, have<br />
fun, learn new skills, and gain great life<br />
experiences.<br />
One of Bike Pure’s aims to is recognize<br />
that sporting potential can only be<br />
realized through fair and honest<br />
competition, whether that be on or off the<br />
bike. This can be a simple handshake<br />
- congratulating a rider who finished<br />
in front of you. It can also be thanking<br />
a fellow competitor for displaying a<br />
sportsmanship gesture during an event.<br />
These are essential to any competitor<br />
and should be encouraged at all times.<br />
The rewards that come from honest and<br />
fair competition build a platform and<br />
foundation for all athletes, regardless<br />
of their level and discipline. Learning<br />
sporting <strong>ethics</strong> comes not only from<br />
parents but also coaches and everyone<br />
who is closely involved to the athletes.<br />
The stress placed on our young athletes<br />
has never been greater and the list of<br />
challenges for them continues to grow.<br />
Pressure to succeed is tremendous<br />
and this has helped generate the<br />
current ‘win at all costs’ mentality,<br />
which has permeated into a greater<br />
number of sports. From ‘taking a dive’<br />
in football or to cheating opponents to<br />
gain an advantage is becoming more<br />
commonplace.<br />
Such dishonesty doesn’t have to be a<br />
part of sport. With the advent of sound<br />
ethical guidance and honesty given<br />
by parents and coaches towards their<br />
athletes we can set them on the correct<br />
path. Would you rather your child cheat<br />
to win, or be an honest and worthwhile<br />
competitor?<br />
Sport teaches us honour and skills; it<br />
increases our self-esteem and promotes<br />
teamwork. If these elements are instilled<br />
early, they provide an ethical foundation<br />
for any athlete.<br />
A rider who is good at sprinting or<br />
climbing should also be good at being a<br />
true and honest sportsman; they can then<br />
add this excellent character trait to their<br />
already maturing physicality. Teaching<br />
our children to win with grace and<br />
lose with dignity can have an enduring<br />
impact.<br />
25
26<br />
We encourage parents to help their<br />
children find their potential through<br />
hard work, integrity and respect. Adding<br />
these values to an athletes’ character<br />
is paramount to the future of our sport<br />
as a whole, and will help lay down the<br />
foundations for other athletes to aspire<br />
too.<br />
Here are actions that will help ensure<br />
your child continues to enjoy their sport<br />
and how they can become a role model<br />
to those around them:-<br />
• Be patient with your child, give<br />
them time to learn and develop.<br />
• Realise your child’s needs,<br />
vulnerabilities and strengths. As a<br />
result of doing so, your child will<br />
feel more appreciated.<br />
• Respect your child’s emotions.<br />
Showing care and understanding<br />
will show that you respect them<br />
and in turn will teach your child to<br />
respect others.<br />
• Show your child that you care by<br />
your thoughts, communications<br />
and actions. Doing so will<br />
demonstrate you care and that<br />
your child knows it, providing a<br />
better channel of communication<br />
and more open desire to share<br />
any problems.<br />
• Teach your child the importance<br />
of being true and honest to<br />
themselves and others.<br />
• Emphasise to your child that<br />
winning isn’t everything, and that<br />
simply doing their best is enough.<br />
Instead of saying “Did you win?”,<br />
ask “What did you learn?” or<br />
“Did you have fun?”. Praise their<br />
efforts; compliment them on their<br />
strong points.<br />
• Remind your child that there is<br />
no ‘losing’ or that anything is<br />
‘negative’. Anything outside of<br />
winning are things that can be<br />
taken as ‘areas of improvement’ –<br />
‘losing’, ‘wrong’, and other similar<br />
negative words hold no place<br />
in a child’s development. Even<br />
winners have areas to improve<br />
upon.<br />
• Try not to place undue pressure<br />
on your child to win at all costs. If<br />
they have natural sporting talent,<br />
this will come through and be<br />
noticed by senior coaches and/or<br />
mentors at some stage.<br />
• Try to encourage your child to<br />
socialise with other competitors<br />
either before, after or outside<br />
sporting events. Socialisation will<br />
help them build respect for their
what can you do as a parent?<br />
opponents and help build strong<br />
bonds especially in team sports.<br />
• Try to get involved with your<br />
kids sport. Engage with the local<br />
team or club and be proactive<br />
in supporting not only your<br />
own child but others around<br />
you. Cycling teams are always<br />
looking for help at events or<br />
with team management. Helping<br />
with marshalling at events,<br />
constructing a course, handling<br />
mailing lists, or simply helping<br />
to sign people up at the race all<br />
provide a great means to get<br />
involved.<br />
• Encourage your child to<br />
congratulate the winner and other<br />
competitors of their event.<br />
• Ensure your child remains a good<br />
sportsman and has that as part<br />
of their character through their<br />
sporting life.<br />
• Show your child encouragement<br />
even when they might think that<br />
they failed. Help them come<br />
up with achievable goals. Even<br />
completing an event or setting a<br />
personal goal is an achievement<br />
in itself and should be praised.<br />
Positive completion enables<br />
children to discover their<br />
strengths and inner talents such<br />
as determination and patience.<br />
• Encourage your child to compete<br />
fairly and by the rules.<br />
• Research has shown that young<br />
kids who play the same sport all<br />
year round can become burnt out<br />
and even drop out of doing sport<br />
all together. Try to encourage<br />
your child to participate in a<br />
variety of sports, especially<br />
during the off season. Diversity<br />
breeds enthusiasm and builds<br />
skills that will help them later in<br />
life.<br />
• Set realistic expectations for your<br />
child. Heaping high expectations<br />
can lead to extreme stress and<br />
can destroy a childs enjoyment<br />
of sport. Being supportive<br />
will increase motivation and<br />
enjoyment.<br />
• Remember, that a child’s first<br />
encounter with fairness often<br />
comes from the behaviour of<br />
coaches and officials at events.<br />
Encourage your child to respect<br />
and thank officials. You never<br />
know when you may need the<br />
assistance of an official so if you<br />
respect them they will respect<br />
you too.<br />
• Lead by example. Parents are role<br />
models too, so strive to become a<br />
role model for your child.<br />
Parents should do all they can to promote<br />
good sportsmanship and ensure<br />
children have a solid and ethical sporting<br />
foundation that they can carry for their<br />
lifetimes. Make being a ‘good sport’ part<br />
of your rules.<br />
Is it more important to you that your child<br />
is winning or that they are enjoying what<br />
they do? It should be the latter, winning<br />
can be a priority but not the ONLY<br />
priority.<br />
Encouraging a positive sporting attitude<br />
is essential in ensuring your child fully<br />
appreciates the essence of honest<br />
sport. Sport teaches us how important<br />
it is to try hard, even if you don’t win or<br />
get a medal. Setting a personal goal or<br />
achievement can be far more worthwhile<br />
than winning.<br />
The basic principle and fundamental<br />
ingredient is to enjoy sport. If it is not fun<br />
then why bother to do it. The joy of sport<br />
is often forgotten in the heat of trying<br />
to win, or striving for your goals. So<br />
ensure your children are enjoying their<br />
sport and not placed under any undue<br />
pressure to participate.<br />
27
learning and developing through sport<br />
“Sporting activity is vital in the<br />
development of young people both<br />
physically and psychologically”.<br />
Sport can help children learn many life<br />
skills. Physical activity isn’t only beneficial<br />
in itself, but sport also broadens minds<br />
and provides life changing experiences.<br />
Sports are vital to both physical and<br />
psychological development.<br />
Whether you race competitively or<br />
simply ride for fun, the benefits of<br />
participation in sport are vitally important<br />
to everyone.<br />
By embracing sport, people can learn<br />
important values such as:<br />
• Teamwork<br />
• Fair play<br />
• Respect for themselves and others<br />
• Learning to adhere to rules and<br />
guidelines<br />
• Honesty and integrity<br />
• Benefits of a healthy diet and nutrition<br />
Participating in sport has many positive<br />
outcomes far away from competition.<br />
Having kids play sports improves their<br />
overall learning performances by<br />
increasing school attendance and their<br />
desire to succeed academically.<br />
Teaching <strong>ethics</strong> and establishing<br />
guidelines is vital at the grass roots level<br />
as it provides a firm foundation and<br />
positive impact on the future for athletes.<br />
“Sport has the power to unite people in<br />
a way little else can. Sport can create<br />
hope. Breaks down racial barriers…<br />
laughs in the face of discrimination and<br />
speaks to people in a language they can<br />
understand.” – Nelson Mandela.<br />
Sport also teaches us how to act with<br />
dignity and respect and to accept that<br />
things don’t always go as planned.<br />
Through hard work and training it is only<br />
when we lose that we learn from our<br />
mistakes, which then helps up become<br />
better individuals.<br />
Evidence shows the true importance of<br />
taking part in physical activity not only<br />
benefits us physically but also mentally.<br />
28
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Coaches<br />
Coaches have a fundamental role to play not only in preparing<br />
athletes for racing but also helping them to develop approaches<br />
so they make wise ethical decisions both on as well as off the bike.<br />
Ethics and integrity important for all athletes and coaches and<br />
mentors provide critical guidance.<br />
30
what can you do as a coach or leader?<br />
“Coaches play a crucial role in the<br />
ethical decisions that their athletes<br />
make.”<br />
The majority of successful athletes have<br />
coaches or mentors who help guide<br />
them and help them train to be the most<br />
physically and psychologically complete<br />
athlete they can be. However, coaches do<br />
not only provide practical guidance, but<br />
they also offer advice, encouragement<br />
and experience, which provide athletes<br />
with additional stability and structure. .<br />
Because coaches can be very close<br />
to their athletes, they can act as a role<br />
model and be inspirational to their<br />
athletes, in addition to providing specific<br />
training programs and guidance. We<br />
at Bike Pure believe that coaches need<br />
to provide ethical guidance as well as<br />
encourage sportsmanship. Although<br />
competition is about results, coaches are<br />
important in promoting good practice.<br />
Coaches should remain positive and<br />
encourage effort and focus on progress<br />
and personal achievements, as well as<br />
race results. Coaches and sports leaders<br />
alike are responsible for setting and<br />
monitoring boundaries in the coach/<br />
athlete relationship and ensuring codes<br />
of conduct are adhered to.<br />
If an athlete is not acting in an<br />
appropriate manner, then this too reflects<br />
badly on the coach and the same is true<br />
in reverse.<br />
We at Bike Pure encourage coaches to<br />
follow some simple guidelines:-<br />
• Lead by example.<br />
• Never ridicule an athlete for making<br />
a mistake or not coming first.<br />
• Be reasonable in your demands on<br />
athletes.<br />
• Adhere and respect the rules of<br />
competition.<br />
• Embody the true spirit of sport and<br />
competition.<br />
• Show consideration, compassion, and<br />
patience toward your athletes if they<br />
are injured or sick. Seek and follow<br />
the advice from a trained physician<br />
or doctor.<br />
• Obtain the appropriate coaching<br />
qualifications to ensure you are<br />
coaching and managing athletes<br />
correctly.<br />
• Display control, respect and<br />
professionalism. This includes<br />
officials, other athletes, media,<br />
parents and spectators.<br />
• Make athletes aware of the many<br />
positive benefits to sport beyond<br />
winning.<br />
• Remember that the athletes you work<br />
with are the coaches of tomorrow, so<br />
it is important to ensure they too have<br />
good <strong>ethics</strong> and sporting integrity.<br />
31
what can you do as a coach or leader?<br />
Good coaches are good leaders and<br />
communicators. They bring people<br />
together and get athletes to reach their<br />
full potential. One quality of the modern<br />
era coach is that they are flexible and,<br />
as such, respond to the dynamics of<br />
changing needs and circumstances.<br />
At Bike Pure we provide educational<br />
resource packs to assist coaches and<br />
athletes interact and learn sporting<br />
<strong>ethics</strong>. We understand that many coaches<br />
are busy preparing their athletes for<br />
major competitions. Our educational<br />
material helps athletes and coaches<br />
appreciate the importance of moral and<br />
ethical issues.<br />
Unfortunately, anti-doping remains a low<br />
priority for many coaches worldwide and<br />
at all levels of the sport. This is due to<br />
many factors such as time management,<br />
funding, knowledge, and education on<br />
doping. The vast majority of coaches are<br />
busy coaching to improve rider ability<br />
on the bike whilst the subject of <strong>ethics</strong> is<br />
often pushed to one side.<br />
It’s not that coaches don’t believe it is<br />
important to strive for ‘clean sport’ and<br />
<strong>ethics</strong>; it’s just not a priority. We hope this<br />
sentiment will change and our goal is to<br />
promote awareness of anti-doping to a<br />
wider audience of athletes. This paves<br />
the way for ‘<strong>ethics</strong>’ educators whose<br />
sole purpose is to educate coaches and<br />
athletes regarding the importance of<br />
principled sport, so they can become<br />
role models we can all look up to.<br />
The sport needs more coaches that are<br />
knowledgeable about doping and antidoping<br />
issues. Increasing the number<br />
of well-informed coaches will provide<br />
greater access for athlete’s to important<br />
issues surrounding doping and a clearer<br />
perspective regarding what happens<br />
to those who use banned substances.<br />
This not only includes the ethical issues<br />
surrounding doping but also the long<br />
term health consequences.<br />
Riders are dependent on coaches<br />
with regards to preparing them for<br />
competition. Each governing body<br />
maintains its own guidelines regarding<br />
what coaches must know before they<br />
can work with athletes. At Bike Pure we<br />
encourage sporting bodies to embed<br />
anti-doping and ethical sport education<br />
as an integral part of any high quality<br />
coaching education and certification<br />
program. Setting such a standard would<br />
provide an encouraging precedent<br />
concerning the values exemplified by<br />
their coaches .<br />
There are already several online and<br />
printed anti-doping toolkits available<br />
in english through the World Anti-<br />
Doping Agency, United States Anti<br />
Doping Agencies TrueSport Program,<br />
The Canadian Centre for Ethics in<br />
Sport, Australian Sports Anti Doping<br />
Agency, and even the Union Cycliste<br />
Internationale. Recent developments<br />
of online portals have enabled online<br />
tutoring to become more freely available<br />
to coaches, riders and other involved in<br />
sport.<br />
32
The consequences for coaches whose<br />
athletes are caught doping can also have<br />
significant repercussions on their own<br />
futures. Even if the coach does not have<br />
direct involvement in the illegal actions<br />
of their athlete, the coach’s reputation is<br />
likely to be tarnished.<br />
The intimate tie between coaches and<br />
their athletes underscores the need<br />
for ethical education for coaches<br />
and athletes. The close coach/athlete<br />
relationship can only strengthen their<br />
bond and trust in sport.<br />
Coaches also have a number of<br />
responsibilities and rights when an<br />
athlete is asked to supply a sample for<br />
anti-doping control. Coaches can assist<br />
their athletes in the following ways:-<br />
• Coaches can be present during<br />
an anti-doping control test as a<br />
representative for their athlete.<br />
• Coaches can report to a doping<br />
control immediately to inform<br />
doping control officers of approved<br />
reasons should their athlete be tardy<br />
to doping control due to media<br />
requirements, obtaining medical<br />
treatment, or for other valid causes.<br />
• Coaches can request to see a doping<br />
control officers credentials.<br />
33
Case Study<br />
Team Velosport<br />
Junior Development Racing Program<br />
- Orange County, USA<br />
The Team VeloSport Junior Development Racing Program<br />
is based out of Orange County in Southern California of<br />
the United States. This parent organized and run group<br />
started in 2008 with a mere six junior riders and their<br />
families. They are now an 80+ member community with<br />
riders ranging from 8 to 22 years old across Southern<br />
California, which has a greater population (~ 22 million)<br />
and area (~55,000 square miles) than many European<br />
countries. Over the past several years, the club has<br />
held team camps and trips to Belgium for their elite<br />
level riders who compete in local races and a UCI 2.1<br />
stage race. Further to this, team parents routinely host<br />
developmental riders from foreign countries that come to<br />
take advantage of the great climate in Southern California<br />
and excellent team support. The success and growth of<br />
this American club is due to number of factors.<br />
The core principles of the VeloSport Junior Program are<br />
central to their rapid and expansive growth. The mission<br />
is to welcome riders of all skill levels, help them meet<br />
their goals and needs, learn about the sport of road bike<br />
racing, get in shape, make friends, and most of all have<br />
fun. Sportsmanship and clean sport are highly regarded<br />
among all of those involved with Team VeloSport, which<br />
is a Bike Pure clean team. These ideals are driven by<br />
manager Jeff Shein and his family, who volunteer their<br />
time to support the club. They not only provide behind<br />
the scenes managerial support, but also lead rides,<br />
repair bicycles, provide race day support, as well as<br />
coordinate and run the European trip, and yearly team<br />
camp. Such gregarious activity has drawn many likeminded<br />
athletes and their families to join the club. This<br />
kindness and welcoming attitude found among club<br />
members and their families lead them to support any<br />
rider who needs assistance, whether or not they ride for<br />
VeloSport.<br />
Although a primary enterprise of the team is to develop<br />
riders who are just beginning to learn about bicycle<br />
racing, they also support elite level athletes. The club has<br />
found great success with this diverse focus. The team<br />
and its members have achieved numerous regional,<br />
national and international accolades over the past 6<br />
years. USACycling has awarded the VeloSport Junior<br />
Development Program the Junior club of the year award<br />
for three years in a row and were a USACycling Center of<br />
Excellence in ’12 and ’13. Team members led the team<br />
to win the SoCal Cup – a series of road races, criteriums,<br />
time trials and stage races in Southern California<br />
for four straight years. They have also won national<br />
championships, raced internationally and at the Junior<br />
World Championships for the USA National Team.<br />
Although the VeloSport Junior Program is a grassroots<br />
effort run by parents for their children, they make<br />
great use of local and regional expertise to assist their<br />
efforts. A number of the parents have high level amateur<br />
and professional racing experience and are coaches,<br />
which elevates the learning experiences for team<br />
members. However, the team also draws on regional<br />
riders, managers, coaches, and referees with specific<br />
expertise to extend what the athletes learn. Providing<br />
access to these resources has proved to be invaluable as<br />
it has ensured athletes are exposed to a wide range of<br />
concepts, which greatly helps the riders meet their needs<br />
and goals.<br />
Overall, the VeloSport program offers a unique<br />
experience for its members. Like many racing clubs in<br />
America and elsewhere, the club provides great racing<br />
opportunities for beginning as well as more advanced<br />
riders. However, unlike many highly structured racing<br />
organizations, the diversity in the riders and their families<br />
also provides a large social community that has led<br />
to many enduring friendships among riders and their<br />
families, which extend well beyond the bike.<br />
34
ADVERTORIAL<br />
d<br />
keep it clean.<br />
keep it real.<br />
keep it pure.
what if you need to use a banned substance<br />
for medical reasons?<br />
“Some athletes may need to take a<br />
banned substance for a legitimate<br />
medical condition or illness...”.<br />
Not everyone is required to notify the<br />
governing body about taking banned<br />
medicines. Only athletes at a certain<br />
levels are required to do so, and this<br />
will be listed in your sports Technical<br />
Regulations. For example, a 5 year old<br />
wouldn’t have to report an asthma inhaler<br />
to the National Governing Body; however<br />
a second year junior competing in a<br />
World Championship potentially should<br />
(dependent on country).<br />
However, even if you are not required<br />
to notify the governing body it does not<br />
mean that you ‘don’t’. So as a coach,<br />
parent or athlete, if at any age you<br />
document your medications in a diary,<br />
as discussed before, and inform the<br />
governing body before competition,<br />
not only will your integrity and intent be<br />
clear, you will be an honest competitor<br />
and a role model of ‘athletic best<br />
practice’ from an early period in your<br />
career!<br />
Sometimes, an athlete may need to take<br />
a banned substance for a legitimate<br />
medical condition or illness, such as an<br />
inhaler for asthma.<br />
If you should need to take medicines<br />
that are banned, you should check with<br />
your doctor or medical personnel to<br />
find if there are alternative medications<br />
or treatments available. If there are no<br />
alternatives, you will need to apply for a<br />
Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE).<br />
Some TUEs are required before you take<br />
the medication and some can be applied<br />
for if you are selected for doping control.<br />
The specific situation depends on your<br />
sport and the level you are competing at.<br />
Being granted a TUE requires that<br />
athletes meet certain criteria, such as:<br />
• The athlete would experience<br />
significant health problems<br />
without taking the substance.<br />
• There is no reasonable<br />
therapeutic alternative<br />
• The therapeutic use of the<br />
substance wouldn’t produce<br />
significant performance<br />
enhancement.<br />
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)<br />
issues international standards for<br />
TUEs and states that all international<br />
federations and national anti-doping<br />
bodies have a standardised process in<br />
place that ensures athletes can apply for<br />
a TUE if required. Each national antidoping<br />
body is responsible for granting<br />
TUEs to athletes.<br />
36
It is important that you look into your<br />
medications to determine if you need a<br />
TUE and that you do not submit TUEs to<br />
more than one organisation.<br />
How do athletes apply for a TUE?<br />
• Contact your international federation<br />
or national anti-doping organization.<br />
• Applications are usually submitted<br />
via the electronic Anti-Doping<br />
Administration & Management<br />
System (ADAMS) or a paper form.<br />
• An athlete’s physician will be<br />
required to complete sections of the<br />
form and application.<br />
• TUE’s must be submitted well in<br />
advance of competing, usually<br />
a minimum of 30 days prior to<br />
competing in an event.<br />
• Ensure your form is well written and<br />
neat as this can delay applications.<br />
• If faxing a form or sending digitally,<br />
ensure you keep a copy of the<br />
request as acknowledgement of<br />
receipt.<br />
For more information please visit<br />
the WADA website or your national<br />
anti-doping agency (NADA). A<br />
comprehensive list of NADA’s is available<br />
on the WADA website.<br />
It is noteworthy that WADA is not<br />
responsible for the processing or<br />
administration of TUE applications, this<br />
must be done through your national antidoping<br />
agency.<br />
37
what if you suspect doping?<br />
“If you suspect someone is doping try<br />
to express to them the repercussions of<br />
their actions...”.<br />
Cycling is essentially an individual sport<br />
but higher echelon riders support one<br />
another to ensure the teams overall<br />
success, whether this be through<br />
ensuring a team leader is well protected<br />
for a podium finish in a stage race or a<br />
sprinter is properly lead out for the win of<br />
a race.<br />
Cycling, especially professional cycling<br />
is a closely knit sport, riders often spend<br />
long periods of the year with one another<br />
and close ties and friendships are often<br />
formed.<br />
Due to the close proximity and social<br />
aspect of cycling at a team level,<br />
suspecting that a team mate or friend is<br />
using banned substances can be a very<br />
confronting situation for any individual.<br />
The use of performance enhancing<br />
drugs can have a profound effect on a<br />
person’s mental and physical health and<br />
relationships with those close to them.<br />
It’s important to remember that if you see<br />
any substantial changes it is important<br />
that you try and speak to them openly<br />
and honestly.<br />
Regularly talking to your team mates<br />
or friends about how they are feeling<br />
or if they are experiencing any other<br />
additional difficulties can help lessen<br />
their problems and provide them a<br />
platform to vent their feelings.<br />
Often, athletes who are using<br />
performance enhancing drugs show<br />
similar signs to that of depression. There<br />
is also frequently a loss of confidence<br />
and a breakdown of close personal<br />
relationships.<br />
If you suspect someone is doping try to<br />
think of a means to express to your team<br />
mate or friend the repercussions of such<br />
actions and the effect they can have on<br />
those close to them, not to mention the<br />
effect on their future career and wellbeing.<br />
If you feel you can’t approach the athlete<br />
directly, there may be a possibility that<br />
you can approach a parent, mentor,<br />
or coach of the athlete to raise your<br />
concerns.<br />
If you suspect doping or foul play you<br />
can approach your national anti-doping<br />
agency in confidence. Many agencies<br />
have a confidential phone system where<br />
you can report any wrongdoing. Antidoping<br />
agencies support persons and<br />
38
members of the public who anonymously<br />
provide investigators with tips and leads<br />
about drug use in sport.<br />
The increased awareness into doping<br />
and the use of investigative powers and<br />
intelligence continues to become a very<br />
effective and powerful tool in the fight<br />
against doping. This not only leads to<br />
the sanctioning of athletes but also the<br />
punishment of those who supply and<br />
produce illegal performance enhancing<br />
products.<br />
For many, it is helpful to discuss doping<br />
and engage in the topic by sharing<br />
thoughts with others close to you. Look<br />
for signs that signal alarm bells and<br />
ensure you have the best interests of<br />
those close to you at heart.<br />
Useful Resources:-<br />
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA<br />
www.wada-ama.org<br />
UK Anti-Doping<br />
www.ukad.org.uk<br />
United States Anti-Doping Agency<br />
www.usada.org<br />
Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority:<br />
www.asada.gov.au<br />
Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport<br />
www.cces.ca<br />
The majority of anti-doping agencies<br />
operate a confidential help line should<br />
you have any information relating to the<br />
supply and use of banned performance<br />
enhancing products<br />
39
Case Study<br />
RaceClean.cc<br />
Lionel Reynaud<br />
British Cycling Coach<br />
ABCC Senior coach<br />
Coach to professional cyclists<br />
“As coaches we have two main objectives on top of<br />
improving riders skills. First objective is to secure<br />
rider progression throughout his complete career<br />
using a long term development plan. The second<br />
objective is safeguarding a riders health with the use<br />
of adequate training loads and preventing doping.<br />
Doping is cheating and unethical.<br />
Many riders generations were sacrificed in the past.<br />
Things are changing but we need to support this<br />
mindset: doping is not a fatality.<br />
Cycling training science and coaching skills have<br />
improved dramatically through intelligent and clean<br />
training methods.<br />
Cycling is a fantastic sport. Both coach and educator<br />
are building the future of our sport in the frame of non<br />
doping and ethical means and we need to ensure<br />
young cyclists deserve a career without endangering<br />
their health.”<br />
Lionel Reynaud<br />
do your part for fair, honest sport...<br />
Bike Pure relies on good will and forward<br />
thinking of those who support our organisation.<br />
Without those people behind us we would not<br />
be here today.<br />
We encourage people to do their part to<br />
promote sporting integrity across all levels and<br />
disciplines of the sport.<br />
We all have a role to play and one way of<br />
showing support through your cycling team or<br />
club is by displaying the Bike Pure ‘Clean Team’<br />
logo on your cycling kit.<br />
For more information on how you can do your part<br />
simply drop us an email to info@bikepure.org<br />
We look forward to hearing from you and thank all<br />
those who continue to support our organisation.<br />
If your cycling team would like to show it’s<br />
support, send us an email along with a brief<br />
description about your club and we can send<br />
you our logo.<br />
We can also send out our educational packs<br />
to your team or group to help them learn and<br />
understand the importance of sporting <strong>ethics</strong><br />
and anti-doping.<br />
40
ikepure.org<br />
OUR VISION IS<br />
…to see an environment where<br />
both professional and amateur<br />
cyclists are never faced with a<br />
decision to dope.<br />
…to develop sustainable<br />
partnerships with coaches<br />
across the world in the promotion<br />
of <strong>ethics</strong> to the athletes they<br />
coach.<br />
…to focus on the future, learn<br />
from the past.<br />
…to see a sporting arena where<br />
all athletes compete in a dope<br />
free environment.<br />
…to see a more transparent<br />
approach to anti-doping from<br />
athletes and teams in the<br />
sport..<br />
…to see the use of performance<br />
enhancing substances become a<br />
criminal offence in sport across<br />
all countries.<br />
...to inspire true honest sport<br />
amongst all athletes, regardless<br />
of age or ability.<br />
…to inspire athletes to<br />
compete with integrity and fair<br />
play through initiatives and<br />
education.<br />
..to help create an environment<br />
where athletes are not afraid<br />
to speak out about doping in<br />
sport.<br />
…to see a reduction in the ‘win<br />
at all costs mentality’ that we<br />
see in sport.<br />
bikepure.org<br />
bikepure.org<br />
bikepure.org<br />
We need your support. Please join us at www.bikepure.org
42<br />
THANK YOU TO ALL<br />
THOSE WHO SUPPORT<br />
FAIR, HONEST SPORT.
what can<br />
YOU dO?<br />
RESPEct BIKE PURE’S<br />
cORE VaLUES<br />
Respect yourself and your opponents<br />
Pursue your ambitions with honour<br />
Don’t walk away from a hand shake, be first to congratulate your fellow competitors<br />
Better to lose with dignity than win at all costs<br />
Follow the rules<br />
Be a good loser, not a bad winner<br />
Respect the officials<br />
Give respect and be respected<br />
Be courteous to others<br />
Remember when wearing team clothing you are representing sponsors<br />
Don’t use foul language to others<br />
Give encouragement to others<br />
Maintain self control<br />
Avoid the ‘winning at all costs’ mentality<br />
Lead by integrity<br />
Show pride and spirit<br />
Treat others the way you would like to be treated<br />
Enjoy yourself!<br />
Buy your friends a coffee!<br />
RESPEct BIKE PURE’S<br />
Display your alignment to our core values by wearing the wristband and<br />
cORE<br />
fitting our headset<br />
VaLUES<br />
spacer to your bike.<br />
Bike Pure!
“Cycling fans deserve honest, authentic performances based on trust and integrity”<br />
Bike Pure<br />
www.bikepure.org<br />
www.bikepurestore.org<br />
info@bkepure.org<br />
Twitter.com/BikePure<br />
Facebook.com/BikePure<br />
01/15