TMS34010 C Compiler - Al Kossow's Bitsavers

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Section 5 Runtime Environment This section describes the TMS34010 C runtime environment. To ensure successful execution of C programs, it is critical that all runtime code maintain this environment. If you write assembly language functions that interface to C code, follow the guidelines in this section. Topics in this section include: Section Page 5.1 Memory Model ............................................................................................ 5-2 5.2 Register Conventions .................................................................................. 5-6 5.3 Function Structure and Calling Conventions .......................................... 5-8 5.4 Interfacing C with Assembly Language ................................................. 5-12 5.5 Interrupt Handling .................................................................................... 5-16 5.6 Integer Expression Analysis ..................................................................... 5-17 5.7 Floating- Point Support ............................................................................ 5-17 5.8 System Initialization ................................................................................. 5-22 5-1
Runtime Environment - Memory Model 5.1 Memory Model 5.1.1 Sections TMS34010 C treats memory as a single linear block that is partitioned into subblocks of code and data. Each block of memory generated by a C program will be placed into a contiguous block in the appropriate memory space. Note that the linker, not the compiler, defines the memory map and allocates code and data into target memory. The compiler assumes nothing about the types of memory that are available, about any locations that are not available (holes), or about any locations that are reserved for I/O or control purposes. The compiler produces relocatable code, which allows the linker to allocate code and data into the appropriate memory spaces. Each block of code and data could be allocated individually into memory, but this is not a general practice (an exception to this is memory-mapped I/O, although physical memory locations can be accessed with C pointer types). The compiler produces three relocatable blocks of code and data; these blocks, called sections, can be allocated into memory in a variety of ways, to conform to a variety of system configurations. For more information about sections, please read Section 3 (Introduction to Common Object File Format) of the TMS34010 Assembly Language Tools User's Guide. There are two basic types of sections: • Initialized sections contain data or executable code. • Uninitialized sections reserve space in memory (usually RAM). A program can use this space at run time for creating and storing variables. The C compiler creates two initialized sections, .text and .cinit; it creates one uninitialized section, .bss. • The .text section is an initialized section that contains all the executable code as well as string literals and floating-point constants. • The .cinit section is an initialized section that contains tables for initializing variab,les and constants. • The .bss section is an uninitialized section; in a C program, it serves three purposes: It reserves space for global and static variables. At boot time, the C boot routines copies data out of the .cinit section (which may be in ROM) and uses it for initializing variables in .bss. It reserves space for the system stack and the program stack. It reserves space for use by the dynamic memory functions (malloc, calloc, and realloc). Note that the assembler creates an additional section called .data; the C environment does not use this section. The linker takes the individual sections from different modules and combines sections with the same name to create four output sections. The complete program is made up of the compiler's three output sections plus the assembler's .data section. You can place these output sections anywhere in the address space, as needed, to meet system 5-2
Page 1 and 2: ~TEXAS INSTRUMENTS TMS34010 C Compi
Page 3 and 4: IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments
Page 5 and 6: 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5
Page 7 and 8: Preface The TMS34010 C Compiler Ref
Page 9 and 10: Introduction - Software Development
Page 11 and 12: Introduction - Related Documentatio
Page 13 and 14: Introduction - Getting Started 1.4
Page 15 and 16: Introduction 1-8
Page 17 and 18: Compiler Installation - MS/PC-DOS S
Page 19 and 20: Compiler Installation - UNIX System
Page 21 and 22: Compiler Installation 2-6
Page 23 and 24: Compiler Operation - Preprocessor D
Page 25 and 26: Compiler Operation - Preprocessor D
Page 27 and 28: Compiler Operation - Preprocessor/P
Page 29 and 30: Compiler Operation - Code Generator
Page 31 and 32: Compiler Operation - Code Generator
Page 33 and 34: Compiler Operation - Compiling and
Page 35 and 36: Compiler Operation - linking a C Pr
Page 37 and 38: Compiler Operation - Linking/Archiv
Page 39 and 40: TMS34010 C Language - Identifiers,
Page 41 and 42: TMS34010 C Language - Data Types 4.
Page 43 and 44: TMS34010 C Language - Object Alignm
Page 45 and 46: TMS34010 C Language - Declarations
Page 47 and 48: TMS34010 C Language - Declarations/
Page 49: TMS34010 C Language
Page 53 and 54: Runtime Environment - Memory Model
Page 55 and 56: Runtime Environment - Register Conv
Page 57 and 58: Runtime Environment - Function Stru
Page 59 and 60: Runtime Environment - Function Stru
Page 61 and 62: Runtime Environment - Interfacing C
Page 63 and 64: Runtime Environment - Interfacing C
Page 65 and 66: Runtime Environment - Interrupt Han
Page 67 and 68: Runtime Environment - Floating-Poin
Page 69 and 70: Runtime Environment - Floating-Poin
Page 71 and 72: Runtime Environment - System Initia
Page 77 and 78: Runtime-Support Functions - Header
Page 85 and 86: Runtime-Support Functions - Summary
Page 87 and 88: Runtime-Support Functions - Summary
Page 89 and 90: Runtime-Support Functions - Functio
Page 91 and 92: abort Abnormal Termination Syntax #
Page 93 and 94: acos Arc Cosine Syntax Defined in D
Page 95 and 96: asin Arc Sine Syntax #include Defi
Page 97 and 98: atan Polar Arc Tangent Syntax #incl
Page 99 and 100: ate,dt Exit without Arguments Synta
Page 101 and 102:
search Array Search Syntax Defined
Page 103 and 104:
ceil Ceiling Syntax #include Defin
Page 105 and 106:
cos Cosine Syntax Defined in Descri
Page 107 and 108:
ctime Calendar Time Syntax #include
Page 109 and 110:
div/ldiv Division Syntax #include
Page 111 and 112:
exp Exponential Syntax #include De
Page 113 and 114:
floor Floor Syntax #include Define
Page 115 and 116:
free Deallocate Memory Syntax #incl
Page 117 and 118:
gmtime Greenwich Mean Time Syntax #
Page 119 and 120:
Idexp Multiply by a Power of Two Sy
Page 121 and 122:
log Natural Logarithm Syntax #inclu
Page 123 and 124:
Itoa long Integer to ASCII Syntax #
Page 125 and 126:
memchr Find First Occurrence of Byt
Page 127 and 128:
memcpy Memory Block Copy - Nonoverl
Page 129 and 130:
memset Duplicate Value in Memory Sy
Page 131 and 132:
mktime Convert to Calendar Time Syn
Page 133 and 134:
movmem Move Memory Syntax Defined i
Page 135 and 136:
qsort Array Sort Syntax #include D
Page 137 and 138:
ealloc Change Heap Size Syntax #inc
Page 139 and 140:
sinh Hyperbolic Sine Syntax #includ
Page 141 and 142:
strcat Concatenate Strings Syntax #
Page 143 and 144:
strcmp/strcoll String Compare Synta
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strcspn Find Number of Unmatching C
Page 147 and 148:
strftime Format Time Syntax Defined
Page 149 and 150:
strncat Concatenate Strings Syntax
Page 151 and 152:
strncpy String Copy Syntax #include
Page 153 and 154:
strrchr Find Last Occurrence of Cha
Page 155 and 156:
strstr Find Matching String Syntax
Page 157 and 158:
strtok Break String into Tokens Syn
Page 159 and 160:
tanh Hyperbolic Tangent Syntax #inc
Page 161 and 162:
toascii Convert to ASCII Syntax #in
Page 163 and 164:
va-a rg Iva-end /va-sta rt Va riabl
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix A - Error Messagess A-2
Page 167 and 168:
#define/#undef Define/Undefine Cons
Page 169 and 170:
#if /#ifdef /#ifndef /#else/#end if
Page 171 and 172:
#Iine . Line Control Directive Synt
Page 173 and 174:
compiler operation 3-1 -3-16 consta
Page 175 and 176:
L labs function 6-17 Idexp function
Page 177 and 178:
strtol function 6-81 strtoul functi
Page 179:
NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN T
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