DAMAGE PREDICTION OF BALL JOINTS IN ANTI-ROLL BARS

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LIST <strong>OF</strong> TABLES Table Page 2-1 Stack effect of chimney 14 4-1 Gas composition & Mixture volume fraction 32 4-2 Available Draft 33 4-3 Major losses: the C1, C2, C3 and C4 cases 34 4-4 Minor losses: the C1, C2, C3 and C4 cases 35 4-5 Total pressure losses 36 4-6 Data for internal convection heat transfer analyses 37 4-7 Data for external convection heat transfer analyses 38 4-8 Exit temperature 38 4-9 Total pressure losses of stack 41 4-10 Exit temperatures of stack 41 C-1 Constants c 0 and n of Eq.C-7 63 C-2 Correlation factor c 1 for Eq.C-9 64 C-3 Constant c 2 and exponent m of Eq.C-10 64 C-4 Geometry and Boundary conditions of tube bundles 66 D-1 Mixer geometrical and fluid properties of static mixer 73 D-2 Mean Velocity magnitudes (m/s) 75 vi
LIST <strong>OF</strong> FIGURES Figure Page 1-1 Schematic of a natural-draft stack 2 1-2 Configuration of the boiler 4 1-3 Schematic arrangement of burners and heat recovery sections in the case-study boiler 5 1-4 Schematic of the experimental system 6 1-5 Schematic of the boiler being studied (unit : mm ; MP-monitor port) 7 2-1 Stack effect in a natural-draft stacks 11 2-2 Geometry of the chimney (unit : m) 13 2-3 Pressure loss within chimney 15 2-4 Contour of static pressure in chimney 15 2-5 Contours of velocity magnitude in chimney 16 2-6 Contours of temperature in chimney 16 3-1 The fit of the viscosity model Eq.3-1 to the available viscosity data 18 3-2 Circular Tube Geometry 20 3-3 Grid of the Circular Tube 20 3-4 Friction factor for fully developed flow through a Circular Tube 21 3-5 Nusselt number for fully developed flow through a Circular Tube 21 3-6 Flow across the circular Tube (unit : m) 22 3-7 Nusselt number for flow across a circular pipe 22 3-8 Geometry of 90º mitered bend without guide vanes and with guide vanes 23 3-9 Grid of 90º mitered bend without guide vanes and with guide vanes 23 3-10 Loss coefficient for a 90º mitered bend without vanes 24 3-11 Loss coefficient for a 90º mitered bend with vanes 24 3-12 Geometry of (a) Sudden contraction and (b) Sudden expansion (unit : m) 25 3-13 Grid of (a) Sudden contraction and (b) Sudden expansion 25 3-14 Loss coefficients for a sudden contraction and a sudden expansion 26 3-15 Geometry of 90º Smooth Bend 26 3-16 Loss coefficient for a 90º smooth bend 27 3-17 Geometry of a Gradual conical expansion (unit : m) 27 3-18 Grid of a Gradual conical expansion without internal vanes(a) and with internal vanes (b) 27 3-19 Loss coefficients for gradual expansion without vanes and with vanes 28 4-1 Schematic diagram of the stack system 29 4-2 Detail stack dimensions 31 4-3 Locations of major losses 33 4-4 Description of Minor Loss 35 4-5 Distributed temperature locations 37 4-6 Grid Generation of stack (36743 nodes and 171038 tetrahedral elements) 40 4-7 Static pressure (the case C1) 42 4-8 Velocity magnitude (the case C1) 43 4-9 Static temperature (the case C1) 44 A-1 The pipe geometry 50 A-2 The relation of pressure and distance 51 A-3 Laminar velocity profiles 51 A-4 Turbulent velocity profiles 51 vii
Page 1 and 2: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PRESSURE LOSS
Page 3 and 4: ชื่อ : นางสาว
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract (in
Page 9 and 10: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduc
Page 11 and 12: 3 1.4 Methodology 1.4.1 Study of St
Page 13 and 14: 5 FIGURE 1-3 Schematic arrangement
Page 15 and 16: 7 FIGURE 1-5 Schematic of the boile
Page 17 and 18: 9 the turbulent viscosity, µ t . I
Page 19 and 20: 11 FIGURE 2-1 Stack effect in a nat
Page 21 and 22: 13 Outlet H Inlet FIGURE 2-2 Geomet
Page 23 and 24: 15 25 20 Pressure losses 15 10 5 0
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 3 ANALYSES OF FLOW THROUGH
Page 27 and 28: 19 The friction factor can be evalu
Page 29 and 30: 21 Friction Factor 0.1 0.01 Laminar
Page 31 and 32: 23 3.3.3 90º mitered bend with van
Page 33 and 34: 25 amount of energy loss, is depend
Page 35 and 36: 27 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.2 K 0.19 0.18 0
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 4 PR0BLEM DEFINITON AND RES
Page 39 and 40: 31 Left top = front view Left = top
Page 41 and 42: 33 Table 4-2 shows the data for the
Page 43 and 44: 35 separates from the walls and the
Page 45 and 46: 37 FIGURE 4-5 Distributed temperatu
Page 47 and 48: 39 4.4.2 Boundary conditions Fluid
Page 49 and 50: 41 TABLE 4-9 Total pressure losses
Page 51 and 52: FIGURE 4-8 Velocity magnitude (the
Page 53 and 54: CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA
Page 55 and 56: REFERENCES 1. Moghiman M. Measureme
Page 57 and 58:
APPENDIX A Laminar and Turbulent Ve
Page 59 and 60:
51 A.3 Boundary condition Solver Fl
Page 61 and 62:
53 A.6 Fully-developed turbulent in
Page 63 and 64:
55 Discharge Coefficient B.1 Theory
Page 65 and 66:
57 B.2 Boundary Conditions (a) (b)
Page 67 and 68:
59 Plot Orifice discharge-coefficie
Page 69 and 70:
61 Flow across Tube Bundles C.1 The
Page 71 and 72:
63 h m k D n 1/ 3 = 1.13c Re Eq.C-7
Page 73 and 74:
65 Before calculating the heat tran
Page 75 and 76:
67 C.3 The results and discuss The
Page 77 and 78:
69 0.1 Friction Factor XL=1.25 XL=1
Page 79 and 80:
APPENDIX D Static Mixer
Page 81 and 82:
73 Re Z = 7 .19 + Eq.D-7 32 At Re
Page 83 and 84:
75 Re Average velocity magnitude (m
Page 85 and 86:
Figure D-6 shows the Reynolds numbe
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DAMAGE PREDICTION OF BALL JOINTS IN ANTI-ROLL BARS

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