DAMAGE PREDICTION OF BALL JOINTS IN ANTI-ROLL BARS

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1-1 Schematic of a natural-draft stack 2
1-2 Configuration of the boiler 4
1-3 Schematic arrangement of burners and heat recovery sections in
the case-study boiler 5
1-4 Schematic of the experimental system 6
1-5 Schematic of the boiler being studied (unit : mm ; MP-monitor port) 7
2-1 Stack effect in a natural-draft stacks 11
2-2 Geometry of the chimney (unit : m) 13
2-3 Pressure loss within chimney 15
2-4 Contour of static pressure in chimney 15
2-5 Contours of velocity magnitude in chimney 16
2-6 Contours of temperature in chimney 16
3-1 The fit of the viscosity model Eq.3-1 to the available viscosity data 18
3-2 Circular Tube Geometry 20
3-3 Grid of the Circular Tube 20
3-4 Friction factor for fully developed flow through a Circular Tube 21
3-5 Nusselt number for fully developed flow through a Circular Tube 21
3-6 Flow across the circular Tube (unit : m) 22
3-7 Nusselt number for flow across a circular pipe 22
3-8 Geometry of 90º mitered bend without guide vanes and with guide vanes 23
3-9 Grid of 90º mitered bend without guide vanes and with guide vanes 23
3-10 Loss coefficient for a 90º mitered bend without vanes 24
3-11 Loss coefficient for a 90º mitered bend with vanes 24
3-12 Geometry of (a) Sudden contraction and (b) Sudden expansion (unit : m) 25
3-13 Grid of (a) Sudden contraction and (b) Sudden expansion 25
3-14 Loss coefficients for a sudden contraction and a sudden expansion 26
3-15 Geometry of 90º Smooth Bend 26
3-16 Loss coefficient for a 90º smooth bend 27
3-17 Geometry of a Gradual conical expansion (unit : m) 27
3-18 Grid of a Gradual conical expansion without internal vanes(a) and
with internal vanes (b) 27
3-19 Loss coefficients for gradual expansion without vanes and with vanes 28
4-1 Schematic diagram of the stack system 29
4-2 Detail stack dimensions 31
4-3 Locations of major losses 33
4-4 Description of Minor Loss 35
4-5 Distributed temperature locations 37
4-6 Grid Generation of stack (36743 nodes and 171038 tetrahedral elements) 40
4-7 Static pressure (the case C1) 42
4-8 Velocity magnitude (the case C1) 43
4-9 Static temperature (the case C1) 44
A-1 The pipe geometry 50
A-2 The relation of pressure and distance 51
A-3 Laminar velocity profiles 51
A-4 Turbulent velocity profiles 51
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