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OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.<br />

v35<br />

<strong>the</strong> fruit <strong>of</strong> commerce ;<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> voluntary attachment <strong>of</strong><br />

Venice was finally ennoblecl by an equal alliance with <strong>the</strong><br />

Eastern <strong>empire</strong>. On <strong>the</strong> map <strong>of</strong> Italy, <strong>the</strong> measure <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

exarchate occupies a very inadequate space, but it included<br />

an ample proportion <strong>of</strong> wealth, industry, <strong>and</strong> population.<br />

<strong>The</strong> most faithful <strong>and</strong> valuable subjects escaped from <strong>the</strong><br />

Barbarian yoke ; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> banners <strong>of</strong> Pa via <strong>and</strong> Verona, <strong>of</strong><br />

Milan <strong>and</strong> Padua, were displayed in <strong>the</strong>ir respective quarters<br />

by <strong>the</strong> new inhabitants <strong>of</strong> Ravenna. <strong>The</strong> remainder <strong>of</strong><br />

Italy was possessed by <strong>the</strong> Lombards ; <strong>and</strong> from Pavia, <strong>the</strong><br />

royal seat, <strong>the</strong>ir kingdom was extended to <strong>the</strong> east, <strong>the</strong><br />

north, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> west, as far as <strong>the</strong> confines <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Avars, <strong>the</strong><br />

Bavarians, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Franks <strong>of</strong> Austrasia <strong>and</strong> Burgundy. In<br />

<strong>the</strong> language <strong>of</strong> modern geography, it is now represented<br />

by <strong>the</strong> Terra Firma <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Venetian republic, Tyrol, <strong>the</strong><br />

Milanese, Piedmont, <strong>the</strong> coast <strong>of</strong> Genoa, Mantua, Parma,<br />

<strong>and</strong> Modena, <strong>the</strong> gr<strong>and</strong> duchy <strong>of</strong> Tuscany, <strong>and</strong> a large portion<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ecclesiastical state from Perugia to <strong>the</strong> Adriatic.<br />

<strong>The</strong> dukes, <strong>and</strong> at length <strong>the</strong> princes, <strong>of</strong> Beneventum, survived<br />

<strong>the</strong> monarchy, <strong>and</strong> propagated <strong>the</strong> name <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Lombards.<br />

From Capua to Tarentum, <strong>the</strong>y reigned near five<br />

hundred years over <strong>the</strong> greatest part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> present kingdom<br />

<strong>of</strong> Naples. 37<br />

In comparing <strong>the</strong> proportion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> victorious <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

vanquished people, <strong>the</strong> change <strong>of</strong> language will afford <strong>the</strong><br />

most probable inference. According to this st<strong>and</strong>ard, it<br />

will appear, that <strong>the</strong> Lombards <strong>of</strong> Italy, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Visigoths<br />

<strong>of</strong> Spain, were less numerous than <strong>the</strong> Franks or Burgundians<br />

;<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> conquerors <strong>of</strong> Gaul must yield, in <strong>the</strong>ir turn,<br />

to <strong>the</strong> multitude <strong>of</strong> Saxons <strong>and</strong> Angles who almost eradicated<br />

<strong>the</strong> idioms <strong>of</strong> Britain. <strong>The</strong> modern Italian has been<br />

insensiblv formed by <strong>the</strong> mixture <strong>of</strong> nations: <strong>the</strong> awkwardness<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Barbarians in <strong>the</strong> nice management <strong>of</strong> declensions<br />

<strong>and</strong> conjugations reduced <strong>the</strong>m to <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> articles<br />

<strong>and</strong> auxiliary verbs ; <strong>and</strong> many new ideas have been expressed<br />

by Teutonic appellations. Yet <strong>the</strong> principal stock<br />

<strong>of</strong> technical <strong>and</strong> familiar words is found to be <strong>of</strong> Latin derivation<br />

;<br />

88<br />

<strong>and</strong>, if we were sufficiently conversant with <strong>the</strong><br />

37 I have described <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong> rtaly from <strong>the</strong> exce'lent Dissertation <strong>of</strong> Beretti.<br />

Ginnnone (Istoria Civile, torn. i. pp. 374-387) has followed <strong>the</strong> learned Camillo<br />

P llegrini in <strong>the</strong> geography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> kingdom <strong>of</strong> Naples. After <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

true Calabria, <strong>the</strong> vanity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Greeks substituted that name instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />

more ignoble appellation <strong>of</strong> Bruttium ;<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> change appears to have taken<br />

place before <strong>the</strong> time <strong>of</strong> Charlemagne (Eginard. p. 75\<br />

ss Maffei (Verona Illustrata, part i. pp. 310-321) <strong>and</strong> Muratori (Antiehita<br />

Italiane, torn. u. Dissertazione xxxii- xxxiii. pp. 71-365) have a serted <strong>the</strong> native

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