Cholinergics and Anticholinergics

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Toxicity of Irreversible Anticholinesterase Agents These agents are lipid soluble Can enter the body by the eye,skin, respiratory system and GI tract. Case in point, organophosphate insecticides (malathion, parathion) or nerve gases (sarin, tabun, soman) These agents cause excessive cholinergic stimulation (muscarinic) and neuromuscular blockade
Pesticides of the carbamate type act by reversible inhibition of cholinestrase where as organophosphorus compounds inhibit the enzyme almost or completely irreversible (so recovery depends on the formation of new enzyme this process may take weeks, although clinical recovery is usually evident within days ). Of these substances GA (tabun), GB (sarin) and GD (soman) called nerve gas, although they are volatile liquids. Note: where there is known risk of exposure , prior use of pyridostigmine, which occupies cholinesterase reversibly for few hours, completely protect them from access. Note: organophosphate are absorbed through the skin, the GIT and by inhalation.
Page 2 and 3: Nervous System Divisions AFFERENT E
Page 10 and 11: Parasympathetic Responses
Page 13: Note:Nicotine acts to stimulate dop
Page 16 and 17: Pyridostigmine: *is similar to Neos
Page 24 and 25: Clinical manifestations Primary = e
Page 27: Specific Conditions—Cholinergic v
Page 31: Atropine continue Duration of actio
Page 35 and 36: CHOLINOCEPTOR-BLOCKING DRUGS MUSCAR
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Page 39 and 40: 1.For their action on CNS: a. Benzh
Page 41 and 42: Anticholinergics in asthma •Iprat
Page 43 and 44: 3. For actions on GIT: dicyclomine,
Page 45 and 46: Nicotinic antagonists a. Ganglion b
Page 47 and 48: Effector site Predominant tone Effe
Page 49 and 50: Note: As ganglion-blocking agents i
Page 52: Glaucoma Glaucoma is increased intr

Cholinergics and Anticholinergics

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