Full-scale fire testing for road tunnel applications - evaluation ... - istss
Full-scale fire testing for road tunnel applications - evaluation ... - istss
Full-scale fire testing for road tunnel applications - evaluation ... - istss
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<strong>Full</strong>-<strong>scale</strong> Fire Testing <strong>for</strong><br />
Road Tunnel Applications<br />
– Evaluation of Acceptable<br />
Fire Protection Per<strong>for</strong>mance<br />
Dr. Maarit Tuomisaari<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008
PERFORMANCE-BASED APPROACH<br />
System per<strong>for</strong>mance must be verified in<br />
representative full-<strong>scale</strong> <strong>fire</strong> tests.<br />
ALL critical system design and installation<br />
parameters are defined in the tests<br />
• Nozzle type<br />
• Operating pressure<br />
• Flow rate<br />
• Spacing<br />
• Installation height<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 2
WHAT ARE REPRESENTATIVE FULL-<br />
SCALE FIRE TESTS ?<br />
Example 1: A86 Paris / France<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 3
WHAT ARE REPRESENTATIVE FULL-<br />
SCALE FIRE TESTS ?<br />
Example 1: A86 Paris / France<br />
30 MW<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 4
WHAT ARE REPRESENTATIVE FULL-<br />
SCALE FIRE TESTS ?<br />
Example 2: M30 Madrid / Spain<br />
75 MW<br />
> 100 MW<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 5
WHAT ARE REPRESENTATIVE FULL-<br />
SCALE FIRE TESTS ?<br />
Example 2: M30 Madrid / Spain<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 6
WHAT ARE REPRESENTATIVE FULL-<br />
SCALE FIRE TESTS ?<br />
Example 3: Pool <strong>fire</strong>s<br />
Pool <strong>fire</strong>s are not representative to<br />
ordinary truck or car <strong>fire</strong>s - they are<br />
Class A <strong>fire</strong>s. The function of fuel<br />
spillage is to spread the <strong>fire</strong> to<br />
adjacent vehicles, the spillage itself<br />
burns out quickly.<br />
Very large pool <strong>fire</strong>s are<br />
representative to tanker <strong>fire</strong>s<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 7
WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE ?<br />
Example 1: A86 Paris / France<br />
Prefixed quantitative criteria<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 8
WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE ?<br />
Example 1: A86 Paris / France<br />
Qualitatively:<br />
• Fire spread restricted to the ignited vehicles only – no vehicles<br />
ignited during system operation<br />
• Spillage <strong>fire</strong>s on the floor and cars that were burning only on<br />
the outside were extinguished by system operation<br />
• Structural damage restricted to just the <strong>fire</strong> location.<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 9
WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE ?<br />
Example 2: M30 Madrid / Spain<br />
Simple fuel package – standard severity <strong>fire</strong><br />
Zoned hybrid system<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 10
WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE ?<br />
Example 2: M30 Madrid / Spain<br />
Complicated fuel package – high severity <strong>fire</strong><br />
Zoned sprinkler system<br />
Qualitatively:<br />
• HRR reduced from the potential maximum<br />
• Damage to the ceiling restricted within some 20 m<br />
• Target did not ignite<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 11
WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE ?<br />
Example 2: M30 Madrid / Spain<br />
t = 30 s<br />
100 o C 350 o C 500 / 1000 o C<br />
t = 2 min 30 s<br />
t = 7 min 30 s<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 12
WHAT IS ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE ?<br />
Recommendations <strong>for</strong> realistic requirements<br />
Qualitatively the crucial minimum requirement is to<br />
- stop the <strong>fire</strong> spread<br />
- cool down the temperatures to allow <strong>for</strong> <strong>fire</strong> brigade<br />
entrance<br />
For any quantitative requirements<br />
- sufficient time should be allowed <strong>for</strong> the system to take<br />
effect<br />
- random effects should be excluded from the <strong>evaluation</strong><br />
- criteria should apply at a sufficient distance from the<br />
immediate flame region<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 13
THANK YOU<br />
3 m/s<br />
ISTSS 2008 / 12 - 14 March, 2008 14
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