Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of ... - PsychWiki

18 P. Gaudreau, J.-P. Blondin / Psychology of Sport and Exercise 3 (2002) 1–34Table 4 (continued)Coping items SL SEJe me suis éloigné dans un endroit favorable à la réflexion (49) 0.683 0.248I retreated where it was easy to think.J’ai recherché le silence (81) 0.726 0.241I searched for calmness and quietness.J’ai fait le vide autour de moi (83) 0.578 0.225I kept all people at a distance.Note: English wording of items has not been subjected to a back-translation procedure and should not beinterpreted as valid for use in research. Number in the parentheses represents the number of an item in thequestionnaire. Dashes indicate that the parameters were not estimated. All standardized factor loadings aresignificant at p0.05.corrected with a Bonferroni procedure (p=a/10=0.005) in order to prevent the occurrence of Type-I error (Stevens, 1996). Prior to these analyses, means, standard deviations, and Cronbach’s indexof internal consistency were calculated for the WOCQ and MCOPE subscales (see Table 6).Six MCOPE subscales exhibited good internal consistency (0.79a0.90; Kline, 1998) whereasbehavioral disengagement and suppression of competing activities exhibited a moderately lowinternal consistency (0.60a0.70; Kline, 1998). All subscales were retained for further analyses.Concerning the WOCQ, the confrontation/seeking social support and problem-focused subscales’internal consistency were within reasonable range (0.70a0.80; Kline, 1998) whereas thedistancing/avoidance subscale’ internal consistency was moderately low (0.60a0.70; Kline,1998). However, the denial subscale (a=0.33) exhibited a very low alpha coefficient and wasdiscarded from further analyses.Two sets of analyses examined the relationships between the ISCCS and the MCOPE subscales,and between the ISCCS and the WOCQ subscales, respectively. Several ISCCS subscales correlatedsignificantly with the subscales of the MCOPE and the WOCQ. Results of these analysesare presented in Table 7.Concurrent validityThe relationship between the ISCCS subscales and appraisal variables (i.e. perceived goalattainment, perceived relevance of the competition, and sense of control), affective variables (i.e.positive affect, negative affect, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and confidence), and socialdesirability was assessed with bivariate Pearson correlations using a Bonferroni correction. Priorto these analyses, means, standard deviations, and Cronbach’s index of internal consistency werecalculated for the nine selected variables (see Table 6). All variables exhibited good internalconsistency (a0.80; Kline, 1998), with the exception of social desirability, which exhibited amoderately low alpha coefficient. All variables were retained for further analyses.A first set of analyses bore on the relationship between ISCCS subscales and each appraisalvariable whereas a second set of analyses assessed the relationship between ISCCS subscales andeach affective variable. Several subscales of the ISCCS correlated with perceived relevance ofthe competition, sense of control, perceived goal attainment, positive affect, negative affect, cogni-