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Kangalawe 59Table 5. Percentage responses on common diseases and frequency of having malaria.Common diseases in the area Chunya Mbeya Rural Mbozi Rungwe TotalMalaria 100 100 100 100 100Diarrhoeal diseases 92.9 84.2 100 71.4 87.1Respiratory diseases 64.3 73.7 100 61.9 75.0HIV/AIDS 50 26.3 50 47.6 43.5Tuberculosis 46.2 15.8 50 23.8 34.0Presence and frequency of having malariaPresence of malaria/mosquitoesIs malaria among the most prevalent diseases in the area? 100 57.9 100 85.7 85.9Are there mosquitoes in the area? 100 89.5 100 90.5 95.0Have you ever contracted malaria? 92.9 68.4 100 90.5 88.0Frequency of having malariaOccasionally 28.6 57.1 100 71.4 64.3Regularly 35.7 14.2 0 19.1 17.3Rarely 28.6 21.4 0 9.5 14.9Do not know 7.1 7.2 0 0 3.6Table 6. Percent response on the history of malaria incidence in selected districts in the southern highlands of Tanzania.Malaria situation over different periods Chunya Mbeya Rural Mbozi Rungwe TotalSince 1960sNo malaria 7.1 31.6 0 19 14.4Few incidences of malaria 50.0 31.6 100 57.1 59.7Many incidences malaria 14.3 5.3 0 4.8 6.1Do not know 28.6 31.6 0 19 19.8Total 100 100 100 100 100Since the 1970sNo malaria 7.1 21.1 0 4.8 8.3Malaria increased 64.4 47.3 100 61.9 68.4Malaria decreased 7.1 0 0 4.8 3.0No change in malaria incidences 7.1 10.5 0 19 9.2Do not know 14.3 21.1 0 9.5 11.2Total 100 100 100 100 100.0The last ten years 1990-2000sNo malaria 14.3 73.7 0 14.3 25.6Malaria increased 78.6 15.8 100 71.4 66.5Malaria decreased 7.1 10.5 0 9.5 6.8No change in malaria incidences 0 0 0 4.8 1.2Do not know 100 100 100 100 100facilities consulted (Figure 6).The numbers of outpatients at Igogwe Hospital havegreatly fluctuated over the last forty years, with peaksbetween 1985 and 1989, 1996 and 1998, and between2002 and 2005. These peaks of malaria cases coincidedwith periods with warmer temperatures (Figure 3). Thisconfirms the association between increasingtemperatures and increased risk of malaria. The lattertherefore indicates that with global warming, and thusclimate change, such highland areas may face increasedrisk of highland malaria. And given the fact that highlandcommunities have lower natural immunity to malaria