Continued from page 19 - Michigan Farm Expert OpensMarijuana Universitymarijuana plants for their personal use. It also allowsresidents to apply to be caregivers who can grow anddistribute marijuana for up to five people who have statepermits to use it.Through Oct. 1, more than 6,500 Michigan residents havereceived state-issued permits to grow and use marijuanato help alleviate symptoms of certain medical problems,according to the Michigan Department of CommunityHealth. Spokesman James McCurtis Jr. said his agency isreceiving 59 applications for permits per day and thatnumber is rising.Med Grow is not the nation's first marijuana growingschool. California's Oaksterdam University was foundedin 2007 and has campuses in Oakland, Los Angeles andNorth Bay, where students are taught growing techniquesas well as the business of the marijuana industry.Greg Francisco, executive director of the MichiganMedical Marijuana Association, said that he, too, isinvolved with teaching courses as part of a travelingseminar series from the North American CultivatorCollege. He travels across the state to teach seminars witha credentialed faculty much the same as those at MedGrow."Teaching is really important," Mr. Francisco said."People really want to know how they can grow thismedicine and help patients."http://washingtontimes.<strong>com</strong>/news/2009/nov/11/michiganscannabis-college-is-quite-a-joint/☻☻☻☻☻☻Medical Trials of Cannabisshow Positive ResultsCall for further drug research on multiple sclerosisTim RadfordThe Guardian11 September 2004<strong>Research</strong> could soon show that cannabis could be ahelpful long-term treatment for multiple sclerosissufferers.Patients who took part in a 15-week study - published inthe Lancet last year - went on to try the effectiveness ofthe banned drug for a 52-week course, John Zajicek ofthe Peninsula medical school told the British Associationscience festival which ended in Exeter yesterday."Initial results of the longer-term study are positive andwill be published in the near future. In the short-termstudy, there was some evidence of cannabinoids alleviat--20- <strong>Traditional</strong> <strong>African</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> December 2009ing symptoms of multiple sclerosis; in the longer termthere is a suggestion of a more useful beneficial effect,which was not clear at the initial stage," he said in astatement. "I hope these results will encourage support offurther studies of cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis and,potentially, other diseases."Cannabis has been used as a medical treatment for at leastas long as it has been a recreational drug. Queen Victoriais supposed to have used it for period pains. It wassometimes used in childbirth and a poignantarchaeological discovery in the Middle East revealedcannabis remnants near the body of a young woman whoprobably died in childbirth 5,000 years ago.Cancer patients have claimed that cannabis could helpsuppress nausea after chemotherapy. Glau<strong>com</strong>a sufferershave claimed it relieves pressure on the eyeball anddelays the onset of blindness.Animal experiments have suggested the drug slows nervecell death. And many multiple sclerosis sufferers havebeen using it, illegally, to relieve the pain and stiffness oftheir slow progression towards helplessness.Once it became clear that cannabis-like chemicals wereproduced naturally in the human nervous system tocontrol appetite and facilitate nerve cell <strong>com</strong>munication,researchers began to understand why a folk remedy couldbe medically effective. But clinical evidence inrandomised double-blind trials has been rare. "We set outto establish whether there was any scientific truth behindthat," Dr Zajicek said.A total of 667 patients took part in a short-term study.More than 500 agreed to go on to longer trials. Thepatients were given either capsules containing cannabisextract, an active <strong>com</strong>ponent of the drug called THC, orsugar pills. The chief aim had been relief of musclestiffness."But we also wanted to look at the other symptoms,including pain, bladder disturbance and measures ofdisability," he said. "From the patient's symptomaticpoint of view there was beneficial effect but we couldn'tprove that from an independent assessment by aphysiotherapist of muscle stiffness." So they continuedthe trials: the results could be published in a few weeks'time.<strong>Research</strong>ers are notoriously unwilling to discuss resultsbefore they have been reviewed by their peers andpublished formally in a scientific journal. "What I can sayat the moment is that there does seem to be evidence ofsome beneficial effect in the longer term that we didn'tanticipate in the short term study."http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2004/sep/11/health.drugs☻☻☻☻☻☻
Continued from page 18 – Marijuana increases Brain Growthmarijuana. The synthetic version is about 100 times aspowerful as THC, the high-inducing <strong>com</strong>pound loved byrecreational users.The researchers found that rats treated with HU-210 on aregular basis showed neurogenesis — the growth of newbrain cells in the hippocampus. A current hypothesissuggests depression may be triggered when thehippocampus grows insufficient numbers of new braincells. If true, HU-210 could offer a treatment for such mooddisorders by stimulating this growth.Whether this is true for all cannabinoids remains unclear, asHU-210 is only one of many and the HU-210 in the study ishighly purified.“That does not mean that general use in healthy people isbeneficial,” said Memorial psychology professor WilliamMcKim. “We need to learn if this happens in humans,whether this is useful in healthy people, and whether THCcauses it as well.”McKim warns that marijuana disrupts memory andcognition. “These effects can be long-lasting after heavyuse,” he said. “This makes it difficult to succeedacademically if you use it excessively.”“Occasional light use probably does not have very seriousconsequences. [But] there is some evidence that marijuanasmoke might cause cancer.”Still, the positive aspects of marijuana are be<strong>com</strong>ing moreplentiful as further research is done. McKim says it’s notsurprising that THC and <strong>com</strong>pounds like it could havemedicinal effects.“Many have been identified,” he said. “It stimulatesappetite in people with AIDS, it is an analgesic, and blocksnausea in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. And ittreats the symptoms of glau<strong>com</strong>a.”The research group’s next studies will examine the moreunpleasant side of the drug.Issue 9, volume 121 — October 31, 2005 —http://www.peak.sfu.ca/the-peak/2005-3/issue9/ne-mj.html☻☻☻☻☻☻Active Component inMarijuana Targets AggressiveBrain Cancer Cells, StudySaysWebMD Health NewsBy Kelli Miller StacyApril 1, 2009 -- The active chemical in marijuanapromotes the death of brain cancer cells by essentiallyhelping them feed upon themselves, researchers in Spainreport.Guillermo Velasco and colleagues at ComplutenseUniversity in Spain have found that the active ingredientin marijuana, THC, causes brain cancer cells to undergo aprocess called autophagy. Autophagy is the breakdown ofa cell that occurs when the cell essentially self-digests.The team discovered that cannabinoids such as THC hadanticancer effects in mice with human brain cancer cellsand people with brain tumors. When mice with thehuman brain cancer cells received the THC, the tumorgrowth shrank.Two patients enrolled in a clinical trial received THCdirectly to the brain as an experimental treatment forrecurrent glioblastoma multiforme, a highly aggressivebrain tumor. Biopsies taken before and after treatmenthelped track their progress. After receiving the THC,there was evidence of increased autophagy activity.The findings appear in the April 1 issue of the Journal of<strong>Clinic</strong>al Investigation.The patients did not have any toxic effects from thetreatment. Previous studies of THC for the treatment ofcancer have also found the therapy to be well tolerated,according to background information in journal article.Study authors say their findings could lead to newstrategies for preventing tumor growth.http://www.webmd.<strong>com</strong>/cancer/braincancer/news/20090401/marijuana-chemical-may-fight-braincancer☻☻☻☻☻☻Skin Churns out MarijuanalikeBrain ChemicalsBody's own cannabinoids help keep skin clear andhealthyBy Robin NixonLiveScienceJuly 11, 2008Marijuana-like substances made by the skin are necessaryfor a healthy <strong>com</strong>plexion, a new study concludes.The skin has joined the growing club of organs that isknown to produce "endocannabinoids" — the body's ownreefer. The biggest producer of endogenous pot is thebrain.Significantly, the new study pins down long-suspectedContinued on page 29-21- <strong>Traditional</strong> <strong>African</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> December 2009