Health - Blackherbals.com

WWW.BLACKHERBALS.COMCELEBRATING 13 YEARS1999 - 2014BLACKHERBALSAT THESOURCE OF THE NILE UG LTD.FOR ALL YOUR HEALTH, WELLNESS,HOLISTIC PRODUCTS AND INFORMATION1

BLACKHERBALS.COM specializes in heterogeneous, "African, Jamaican, and Caribbeanherbs, herbal extracts, spices and condiments." The products we carry are derived anddesigned from "traditional African" formulas based on African principles, herbal customs andherbal practices. We shop for authentic products to help our customers build and maintain ahealthy and happier lifestyle.Check us out for all your natural and holistic needs.WE CAN MAKE YOU HEALTHY AND WISE.RGL ENTERPRISES INTL INC.WWW.BLACKHERBALS.COMTHE NATURAL HERBAL SOLUTIONBLACKHERBALS AT THE SOURCE OF THE NILE (UG)LTD.54 Muwafu Road, Minister’s VillageP.O. Box 29974Ntinda (Kampala), Uganda, East AfricaPhone: +256 702 414 530+256 782 917 902Email: store@blackherbals.comRGL ENTERPRISES INTERNATIONALBlackherbals.com -The Natural Herbal Solution, Black Herbals, Blackherbals at the Source of the Nileand the Black Herbals Logo are registered trademarks of RGL Enterprises International Inc. ©1999-2016. All Rights reserved.2

BLACKHERBALS.COMSTORE POLICYAll prices listed online are in US dollars. U.S. customers please be advised that you mayexperience some delay in the receipt of your order due to increasingly stringent custominspections and procedures.Purchase at Blackherbals.com using Paypal -An Easy Way to Pay - Debit, Credit, Bank Transfers, Invoicing1. You do not have to have an account with Paypal to purchase products. You may use your credit card, debitcard or bank account to purchase or we can send you our Paypal invoice. Your financial information is notdisclosed to us, only to Paypal. In addition, we offer a secure server for your secure shopping pleasure.However, if you choose to open an Paypal account, it is a very simple and easy way to pay for purchasesonline, just go to https://www.paypal.com/.2. Shop at Blackherbals.com - Select your product(s). Buy one now or add to basket. All weights areexpressed in ounces.3. For faster checkout in the future, you can create an account with us (Optional).4. Check your basket for accuracy.5. Proceed to checkout.6. Place your order without account or login at Blackherbals (Optional).7. Provide your personal information and continue.8. Select your shipping weight amount and continue to Paypal for payment of purchases. Shipping stated is forU.S. only. Please email us (store@blackherbals.com) with your order if your location is not the U.S. so wecan send you a Paypal invoice. Your personal payment information is provided to Paypal. We do not receiveany financial information on how you purchase, only what you purchased.3

9. Order is completed at Paypal.10. Order is shipped within2-7 business days depending upon availability of products. Shipping time canvaryfrom 5-10 business days. All orders are shipped from Uganda, East Africa.DISCLAIMER: We makeno claims,we only show results. No claims found on our web pagesor in printhave been evaluated by theFood and Drug Administration. The information presentedhere is for educationalpurposes only.PRIVACY STATEMENT: At BLACKHERBALS.COM,we are committed to protecting your privacy.We use the information wecollect about you to process orders and to provide a morepersonalized shoppingexperience. When you order, we onlyneed to know your name, telephone number, e-mail address, andmailing address. Your payment details are providedd to Paypal. When you place ordersor access your accountinformation online, we offer the use ofa dedicatedd secure server. The secure server software (SSL) encryptsall information you input before it is sent to us. Furthermore,all of the customer dataa we collect is protectedagainst unauthorized access. BLACKHERBALS.COM does not sell, trade, or rent your personalinformation to others.POLICY STATEMENT:We do not accept phone/fax orders or payment by check or money order.Presently, we only accept payments online throughh Paypal. Large purchases may be paid throughh electronicbank transfers.MONEY BACK GUARANTEE: Westand by the products we sell. If you are not satisfied with any item(with the exception of the ebook), please return the product, within 30 daysof purchasefor a full refund of thepurchased price.Blackherbals – A Marcus Garvey Pan-African University’s Community Siteof Knowledge4

AFRICAN CUSTOM HERBAL FORMULAS / DRY BULKBHSN #1 - AFRICAN HERBAL TEAMIX - DETOX MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-001Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $20.00DETOX MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,spices, barks and roots that help to remove organic/inorganic toxins that accumulate in the vitalorgans of the body such as: the lungs, kidney, liver, spleen, blood and the heart. Detoxifies thewhole body. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #2 - AFRICAN HERBAL TEA MIX -HERBAL TONIC MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-002Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00HERBAL TONIC MIX - BLACKHERBALS' Proprietary Formula Mix containing nativeUgandan herbs, barks and roots for general well-being and energy. 100% Natural. Contains nochemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #3 - AFRICAN HERBAL TEA MIX -MALARIA MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-003Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.005

MALARIA MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandanherbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to prevent malaria and for the treatment of fever, bodyaches, chills cause by malaria and hayfever. Can be also used for Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever andChik or Q fever. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #4 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - FEME MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-004Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00FEME MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing Ugandan herbs,barks, spices and roots formulated to target the female reproductive system and normalize thedifferent functions. Regulates hormone and painful or irregular menstrual flows. 100% Natural.Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #5 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - BP MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-005Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00BP MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,barks, and roots formulated to remove toxins and plaque from the arteries and blood vessels andto allow and maintain free circulation of the blood throughout the body. Helps to regulate highblood pressure (Hypertension). 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.6

BHSN #6 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - DIA-B MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-006Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00DIA-B MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing Ugandan herbs, barks,spices and roots formulated to repair the pancreas, so it can function normally to produce naturalinsulin that breaks down sugar to the level that the body can tolerate. Helps to control andregulate blood sugar. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #7 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - RESPIRATORY MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-007Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00RESPIRATORY MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Mix containing native Ugandanherbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to remove viruses and infections that cause flu, coughs,asthma, bronchitis and other problems in the respiratory system. 100% Natural. Contains nochemical or synthetic additives.7

BHSN #8 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - ANTI-VIRAL MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-008Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00ANTI-VIRAL MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandanhers, spices, barks and roots formulated to remove viral parasites from the blood and body, boostthe immune system and prevent infections and have proven anti-viral activities to help fightinfections. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #9 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - ANTI-TUMOUR/CANCER MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-009Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00ANTI-TUMOUR/CANCER MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containingnative Ugandan herbs, spices, barks and roots that have cancer-fighting components,scientifically proven to be effective against tumours and cancer cells anywhere in the body.100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #10 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - IMMUNOBOOSTERMIXCode: BHSN-AHF-010Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00IMMUNOBOOSTER MIX - BLACKHERBALS' Proprietary Formula Mix containing nativeUgandan herbs, barks and roots that boost the immune system and helps the body to fightdisease. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.8

BHSN #11 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - BLOOD CLEANSERMIXCode: BHSN-AHF-011Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00BLOOD CLEANSER MIX - BLACKHERBALS' Proprietary Formula Mix containing nativeUgandan herbs, barks and roots that strengthens the blood by cleansing it of toxins and diseasecarryingorganisms. Excellent for sickle cell anemia and other anemic conditions. 100% Natural.Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #12 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - WEIGHT LOSS MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-012Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00WEIGHT LOSS MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,barks, spices that lessen the desire to overeat, provides the energy needed for weight loss,increases metabolism and detoxifies accumulated fat and toxins from the body. 100% Natural.Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #13 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - BITTERS MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-013Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00BITTERS (EVERYDAY DIGESTIVE TONIC)- BLACKHERBALS' Proprietary FormulaMix containing herbs, spices, barks and roots for an everyday digestive tonic for the preventionof ulcers, for regularity and for all common digestive disorders. 100% Natural. Contains nochemical or synthetic additives.9

BHSN #14 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - DIGESTIVE MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-014Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00DIGESTIVE MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing Ugandan herbs,barks, spices and roots formulated to cleanse the digestive system including: stomach, small andlarge intestines/colon, remove bacteria and mucus and promote regular bowel movements. 100%Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #15 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - EPI/CNS MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-015Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00EPI/CNS MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing Ugandan herbs,spices, barks and roots formulated to remove toxins and parasites from the central nervoussystem. Helps with brain function, memory enhancement, epilepsy, ADHD, Alzheimers andmigraine headaches. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #16 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - GOUT MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-016Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00GOUT MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,barks, spices and roots which remove uric acid from the body and reduces pain andinflammation from infected joints. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.10

BHSN #17 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - STD MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-017Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00STD MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Mix containing native Ugandan herbs, barks,spices and roots formulated using African traditional herbs to treat sexually transmitted diseases.100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN #18 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX -ARTHRITIS/RHEUMATISM MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-018Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00ARTHRITIS/RHEUMATISM MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mixcontaining native Ugandan herbs, spices, barks and roots formulated to remove uric acid fromthe joints, rebuild cartilage, replace natural fluids to the joints, stop associated pains. Good forarthritis, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis and joint pain. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical orsynthetic additives.BHSN #19 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HEPI MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-019Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00HEPI MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,barks, spices and roots formulated for cleansing toxins from the liver and spleen to regulate andmaintain good liver function. For all liver diseases. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical orsynthetic additives.11

BHSN#20 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - UTI MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-020Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00UTI MIX - BLACKHERBALS' Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,barks, spices and roots to cleanse the urinary tract of obstructions, toxins and infections. 100%Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN#21 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - FIBROID MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-021Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00FIBROID MIX - BLACKHERBALS' Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandanherbs, spices, barks and roots that help to reduce uterine fibroids also containing cancer-fightingcomponents. Clinically proven to be effective in reducing fibroid tissues. 100% Natural.Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN#22 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX -FERTI-FEME MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-022Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00FERTI-FEME MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing Ugandanherbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to repair the fallopian tubes when infected. Helps tostrengthen fertilized eggs and reduces problems caused by endometriosis and fibroids. Reducesenvironmental toxins and other causes of infertility. Aids in increasing fertility. 100% Natural.Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.12

BHSN#23 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - MUSCLE PAIN MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-023Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00MUSCLE PAIN MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing nativeUgandan herbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to relieve aches and pains all over the bodydue to arthritis, rheumatism , fever and infections. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical orsynthetic additives. Packaged - 8 oz.BHSN#24 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - GOITER/THYRO MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-024Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00GOITER/THYRO MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing nativeUgandan herbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to regulate/stabilises metabolism, reducesgoiters associated with overactive thyroids leading to weight loss and increases metabolism forunder-active thyroids, leading to weight gain. Removes toxins attributed to both. 100% Natural.Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN#25 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - SICKLE CELL MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-025Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00SICKLE CELL MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,barks, spices and roots formulated to help prevent sickling of blood cells using traditionalAfrican herbs. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.13

BHSN#26 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HEART MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-026Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00HEART MIX - BLACKHERBALS' Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandan herbs,barks and roots formulated to strengthen and tone up the heart muscles. 100% Natural. Containsno chemical or synthetic additives. Packaged - 8 oz.BHSN#27 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - DIPSOMNIA MIX(SUBSTANCE ABUSE)Code: BHSN-AHF-027Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00DIPSOMNIA MIX (SUBSTANCE ABUSE) - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mixcontaining Ugandan herbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to remove or help reduce cravingsfor alcohol and drugs. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives.BHSN#28 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - TB MIX(TUBERCULOSIS)Code: BHSN-AHF-028Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00TB MIX (TUBERCULOSIS) - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Mix containing nativeUgandan herbs, barks, spices formulated to help treat tuberculosis. 100% Natural. Contains nochemical or synthetic additives.14

BHSN#29 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - PARA MIX(PARALYSIS)Code: BHSN-AHF-029Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00PARA MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Mix containing native Ugandan herbs, barks,spices and roots formulated to restore energy flow in the muscular skeleton system. Helps withparalysis of limbs due to external factors. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or syntheticadditives.BHSN#30 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HERNIA MIXCode: BHSN-AHF-030Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00HERNIA MIX - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containing native Ugandanherbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to help shrink protruding tissues and swellings. 100%Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives. Packaged - 8 oz.BHSN#31 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HEMO MIX(HEMORRHOIDS)Code: BHSN-AHF-031Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $25.00HEMO MIX (HEMORRHOIDS) - BLACKHERBALS’ Proprietary Formula Mix containingnative Ugandan herbs, barks, spices and roots formulated to relieve hemorrhoids and repairhemorrhoidic tissues. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical or synthetic additives. Packaged - 8oz.15

BHSN#32 AFRICANHERBAL TEA MIX –(SKD) SKINDISEASESCode: BHSN-AHF-032Weight: 8 OuncesPrice: $.25.00SKD MIX - BLACKHERBAL'S Proprietary Mix containing native Ugandanherbs, barks, spices and roots formulated using African traditional herbs toeffectively treat most skin diseases. 100% Natural. Contains no chemical orsynthetic additives. Packaged - 8 oz.Bulk Traditional HerbsCAYENNE PEPPER (CAPSICUM FRUTESCENCE)Code: BHSN-BTH-001Weight: 8 OuncesCAYENNE is the most useful of the systemic stimulants. It stimulates blood flow, strengthensand feeds the cell structure of the heart, arteries, capillaries and nerves so they will regainelasticity. A general tonic, it is also specific for both circulatory and digestive systems. It may beused in flatulent dyspepsia and colic. It is also good for the kidneys, lungs, pancreas, spleen andstomach. If there is insufficient peripheral circulation, leading to cold hands and feet and possiblychilblains, Cayenne can also be used for debility and for warding off colds. Capsicum meets thedebility of young and old, but it is particularly useful in the elderly, when body-heat is low,vitality is depressed and reaction is sluggish. Tired, painful muscles, stiffened joints andrelaxation of any part which are common conditions in the elderly are, in a measure, rectified byCapsicum. Red capsicum is one of the best sources for vitamins A and C. Vitamin K, B6 andmanganese are also present.The amount of vitamin C present may be four to six times that found in an orange. Provitamins E,P, B1, B2 and B3 have also been identified as components. Ripe Cayenne pepper in rich invitamin A, B, C, calcium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, potassium and protein.The Medical Uses Of Capsicum16

Antibiotic - Capsicum is known for its antibiotic properties, since it helps the body to build up itsimmune system. In Africa, children are given pepper at an early age to increase their stamina andresistance to flu and viral infections. African women use diluted Capsicum as a douche to kill andprevent vaginal infections.Arthritis - Used as an herbal liniment for pain and sprains due to arthritis, rheumatism, gout andlumbago.Asthma - Taken internally as a tea, Cayenne is used for coughs, colds, and breaking up mucuscongestion.Blood Pressure - Cayenne will normalize blood pressure and steady nerves.Cuts and Wounds - Powdered or fresh Cayenne can be applied to open cuts and wounds to stopbleeding, kill pain and prevent infection while promoting healing. In Cuba, Cayenne is crushedand applied to external ulcers and sores. The leaves are used to as a poultice to draw out boils.Cayenne tea is also an effective remedy for hemorrhoids.Dental Hygiene - The ashes of burnt Cayenne peppers can be used to whiten teeth and removeplaque.Heart - Cayenne pepper is a very effective heart tonic especially for older folks. In the case ofheart attack, a teaspoon of Capsicum to a cup of boiling water taken internally will bring thepatient back to consciousness.Internal Hemorrhaging - A teaspoon full in a glass of warm water will stop internal bleeding inthe uterus, lungs and other internal organs.Insect Repellent - Powered Cayenne sprinkled in cracks and crevices will keep away mice, rats,and insects.Seasickness - Cayenne in a bowl of soup or tea prevents motion sickness.Ulcers - Contrary to the popular belief that spicy food aggravates ulcers, Cayenne pepper incombination with comfrey root will heal all types of ulcers.Yellow Fever - In the West Indies and Africa, Cayenne has been used for decades as a cure foryellow fever and other types of serious fevers.A little Cayenne pepper should be added to all herbal teas since it acts as a carrier and increasestheir healing and medicinal nature.KOLA NUT (BISSY) POWDERCode: BHSN-BTH-002Weight: 8 OuncesKOLA NUT17

Common Names: Bissy, kola nut, colero, cola acuminataA tea of the kola nut regulates circulation and cardiac rhythms and acts diuretically on the heart.It improves the appetite and lessens the desire for liquor. It relieves stomach aches and can stopdiarrhea as well as purging the body of poisons. It relieves fatigue and malaise. Chewing on theseeds of the bitter kola tree, a common pastime among West African men is rumored to curesexual dysfunction. That could account for the popularity of the seeds, or maybe it's becausegnawing on them is also said to alleviate flu symptoms. The latter clue led researchers toinvestigate whether the seeds of the Garcinia kola tree might ward off viral diseases. In fact, itmay do something even more notable.In lab tests, scientists found that extracts of bitter kola halt replication of the Ebola virus. Acompound in Kola Nut called kolaviron, has been reported to significantly prevent hepatotoxicityinduced by several hepatotoxic agents such as phalloidin, thioacetamide and paracetamol. Itschemopreventive effects against carbon tetrachloride, 2-acetylamino fluorine (2-AAF), AflatoxinB1, and potassium bromate have also been reported. These findings indicate that kolaviron mayprotect against carcinogen and drug induced oxidative and membrane damage and as such may berelevant in the chemotherapy of liver and kidney diseases.The kola nut is native to tropical African and was introduced to Latin America and the WestIndies to induce the enslaved Africans to work. In Jamaica, a tea of the grated nut is used as acoffee. The seeds are chewed as a stimulant because of their natural caffeine content. The seedscontain 46% starch, 2.36% caffeine, 3% fat and small amounts of glucose and sucrose. It can giveone the strength to do hard work without getting tired.The twigs and stems of the plant produce natural eye drops. They are sharpened and the pointsare soaked in water, producing a slimy drop at the tip which is dropped into the eye. This liquidclears up pink eye and removes cataracts and other growths in the eye. It should be used as thelast thing before going to sleep for best results.Kola is eaten by every branch of Nigeria’s culturally diverse population while virtually allNigerians, to some extent, appreciate the fruit’s peace-making role. Although some ethnic groupsdo not have a tradition of according kola special significance, the nut has varying degrees ofimportance to the three major Nigerian ethnic groups, the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. A Nigeriansaying goes that the Hausa cultivate the kola for food, the Yoruba for commerce, and the Igbo outof reverence.It is commonly believed that the Igbo have the most widely recognized symbolic, even spiritual,use of kola. The Hausa give the fruit minimal symbolic value but consume the nut in greatquantities. For the Yoruba, kola seems to occupy a symbolic middle ground.Hausa tend to downplay the symbolism of kola in traditional settings. It is not true that the Hausahave no traditional use for kola nuts. It is often used as a means of inviting friends and wellwishersto weddings, child-naming ceremonies and other celebrations. One hundred pieces ofkola nut, in a calabash, are often presented to a bride’s family by a willing suitor to signify hisseriousness and puts a temporary hold on the efforts of competing suitors; the nuts are to beshared between the would-be bride’s relatives. Also, traditional Hausa musicians may be givenkola, along with money, to signify that the host is honored to have the musician entertain.Rituals18

Amongst the Igbo, who occupy a large portion of eastern Nigeria, the ritualistic breaking of thekola nut at major events is an honor reserved for high chiefs, clan heads and other prominentfigures.For the traditional Igbo man, no visitor who is truly welcome can be received without the formalpresentation and breaking of kola. The breaking of kola is very important to the Igbo. Among theIgbo, it is customary to break the nuts into several pieces, even after the natural lobes have beenseparated. Traditionally, only the oldest male present performs this role. To an Igbo person, kolais the ultimate sign of benevolence or the absence of hostility. The presence of kola alsorepresents love and communality of purpose.Contraindications: Contains caffeine. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should consult theirphysician before using kola nut.CERASEE (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA)Code: BHSN-BTH-003Weight: 8 OuncesMOMORDICACHARANTIACOMMON NAMES: Karela, balsam apple, paoka, madian apple, mexicaine, caprika,achochilla, cerasseTRADITIONAL USES: Abortifacient, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, burn, catarrh, constipation,digestion, demulcent, dermatosis, diabetes, diarrhea, dyspepsia, eczema, emetic, emmenagogue,emollient, fever, febrifuge, hemorrhoids, hepatitis, hypoglycemic, inflammation (liver), leprosy,leucorrhoea, leukemia, malaria, menstrual colic, pain, pruritus, purgative, rheumatism, scabies,skin, tumor, wound, vaginitis, vermifuge, cancer (breast), food, glucosuria, halitosis, hematuria,polyuria, refrigerant, bite (snake), anemia, colitis, kidney (stone), sterility (female), dysentery,gonorrhea, appetite stimulant, insecticide, laxative, rage, rhinitis, contraceptive, dysmenorrhea,fat loss, galactagogue, gout, hydrophobia, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, sore, asthma, headache,scald, sprue, stomachache, cold, cough, hypertension, tonic gallbladder, contusions, lung,measles, suppurative, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.Bitter melon (Momordica chrantia L.) also known as bitter gourd, African or wild cucumber, isknown in Hindi as karela, as ampalaya in the Philippines, in the West African country of Togo asguingbe, and in the Caribbean as cerasse/cerasee.Cerasee is native to Africa, the Middle East and the Mediterranean area. It was introduced toBrazil by African slaves and from there it spread to the rest of Latin America and the West Indies.Today it reaches as far north as Texas and Florida, where it grows wild. Bitter melon fruit andleaves also have a time-honored use as a medicine throughout India, Asia, Africa and South19

America. Cerasee also grows wild in Asia where it is used medicinally, and as a vegetable. Thefruits, leaves, seeds and roots have also been used for a range of conditions. Bitter melon is usedto treat diabetes, intestinal colic, peptic ulcers, worms, malaria, constipation, dysmenorrhea,eczema, gout, jaundice, kidney stone, leprosy, leucorrhoea, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis,rheumatism, chickenpox, measles and scabies. Externally, bitter melon is used for the rapidhealing of wounds.A tea made of the vine is used for diabetes, hypertension, worms, dysentery, malaria and as ageneral tonic and blood purifier. It is also very effective to relieve constipation and colds andfevers in children. Women in Latin American and the West Indies use the leaf for menstrualproblems to promote discharge after childbirth.In Brazil, cerasse tea is used as a tonic and remedy for colds, fever and pains due to arthritis andrheumatism. In Curacao and Aruba, the tea is used to lower blood pressure. In the Philippines,bitter melon is cultivated as a vegetable and cooked like other leafy vegetables. In Cuba, ceraseetea is used as a remedy for colitis, liver complaints, fever and as a skin lotion. A tea of the root isused to expel kidney stones. In India, the green, unripe fruits are soaked in water and cooked incurry and other dishes. The juice of the ripe fruit, which contains valuable enzymes and minerals,is taken for diabetes.Active constituents in bitter melon include glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, fixed oils, triterpenes,proteins and steroids. The hypoglycemic constituents are a mixture of steroidal saponins knownas charantins, insulin-like peptides and alkaloids. These constituents are concentrated in the fruitswhich have also been shown to have the most pronounced hypoglycemic activity compared toother plant parts. Several other phytochemicals including momorcharins, momordenol,momordicins, cucurbitins, cucurbitacins have been isolated from the bitter melon. It also containsHIV inhibitory proteins code named MRK29 as well as trypsin, elastase and gyanylate cyclaseinhibitors and lectins.Antifertility:However, toxicity and even death in laboratory animals has been reported when extracts areinjected intravenously or intraperitoneally (with the fruit and seed demonstrating greater toxicitythan the leaf or aerial parts of the plant). Other studies have shown ethanol and water extracts ofthe fruit and leaf (ingested orally) to be safe during pregnancy. The seeds, however, havedemonstrated the ability to induce abortions in rats and mice, and the root has been documentedwith a uterine stimulant effect in animals. The fruit and leaf of bitter melon has demonstrated anin vivo antifertility effect in female animals; in male animals, it was reported to affect theproduction of sperm negatively. Bitter melon traditionally has been used as an abortive and hasbeen documented with weak uterine stimulant activity; therefore, it is contraindicated duringpregnancy. This plant has been documented to reduce fertility in both males and females andshould therefore not be used by those undergoing fertility treatment or seeking pregnancy. Theactive chemicals in bitter melon have shown in animal studies to be transferred through breastmilk; therefore, it is contraindicated in women who are breast feeding.Alloxan-induced DiabetesDiabetes mellitus can be induced in animals by partial pancreatectomy or by the administration ofdiabetogenic drugs such as alloxan, streptozotocin, ditizona and anti-insulin serum. These agentsselectively destroy the β-cells of the Langerhans islet. Alloxan, an oxidized product of uric acid,is one of the most commonly used models of experimental diabetes.20

Antihyperglycaemic activityThe antihyperglycaemic activity of bitter melon is the most studied and most significant. Thisactivity of the fruit, seed, leaf and whole plant has been confirmed in animal studies. A studyexamining the hypoglycemic effects of the thirty most popular anti-diabetic Indian herbs foundCoccinia indica, Tragia involucrata, Gymnema sylvestre, Pterocarpus marsupium, Trigonellafoenum-graecum (fenugreek), Moringa oleifera, Eugenia jambolana, Tinospora cordifolia,Swertia chirayita and Momordica charantia (bitter melon) to be the most potent. A water extractof the fruit was found to be the most effective in diabetic induced rats and similar to that ofglibenclamide.Anthelminitic, antiviral and antimicrobial activitiesExtracts of various plant parts of the bitter melon, including the leaf, fruit and seeds have beeninvestigated and found to be pharmacologically active against microbes. A leaf, and a fruit, inaddition to whole plant extracts have been found to have antimicrobial and antiviral activities.Isolated constituents including alpha momorcharin have been shown to have anti-HIV activity.Ribosome-inactivating proteins have been found to be active against both herpes and polioviruses. Anthelminitic activity against Ascaridia galli worms have been demonstrated in vitro.Anticancer activityVarious preliminary studies (in vitro and in vivo) with crude extracts and purified fractions havebeen shown to possess anticancer activity. The anti-carcinogenic effect of aqueous extract of thebitter melon fruit was studied in a two-step skin carcinogenesis model in mice. Oraladministration of the fruit extract protected the mice from the development of skin tumours andincreased life expectancy. The extract also reduced carcinogen-induced lipid peroxidation in liverand DNA damage in lymphocytes. The fruit extract was furthermore found to significantlyactivate the liver enzymes glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione-peroxidase and catalase (P

BOMBO LEAVES (MOMORDICA FOETIDA)Code: BHSN-BTH-004Weight: 8 OuncesMOMORDICA FOETIDATraditional medicinal uses are numerous and many are shared with other Momordica spp.Traditionally, the juice of crushed leaves is used to relieve cough, stomach-ache, intestinaldisorders, headache, earache, toothache. Skin problems caused by smallpox, boils, and malariaare treated with crushed leaves. The plant is further used as an emmenagogue, ecbolic (promotingchildbirth), aphrodisiac and abortifacient.GRAVIOLA (ANNONA MICRANTA)Code: BHSN-BTH-005Weight: 8 OuncesSOURSOP/MUSTAFERI)COMMON NAMES: Soursop, Graviola, Guanabana, Brazilian Paw Paw, Corossolier,Guanavana, Toge-Banreisi, Durian benggala, Nangka blanda, Nangka LondaPARTS USED: Leaves, Seeds, FruitPROPERTIES/ACTIONS: Analgesic, Antibacterial, Anticancerous, Antiparasitic,Antitumorous, Antispasmodic, Astringent, Cytotoxic, Febrifuge, Hypotensive, Insecticide,Nervine, Pectoral, Pesticide, Sedative, Stomachic, Vasodilator, VermifugeTRADITIONAL USES: Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Asthma, Astringent, Childbirth, Chills,Fevers, Flu, Diuretic, Gall-Bladder Tea, Glactagogue, Hypertension, High Blood Pressure,Insomnia, Lactagogue, Nervousness, Neuralgia, Palpitation, Parasites, Rash, Rheumatism,Ringworm, Sedative, Scurvy, Skin Disease, Tranquilizer, VermifugeTRADITIONAL REMEDY: One-half cup leaf infusion or bark decoction 1-3 times daily or 1-3 ml of a 4:1 tincture twice daily or 2 to 5 grams of powdered leaves in tablets or capsules twice22

daily.Graviola is a small, upright evergreen tree growing 5 to 6 meters in height with large dark greenand glossy leaves. It is indigenous to most of the warmest tropical areas in South and NorthAmerica including the Amazon. It produces a large heart-shaped edible fruit that is 6-9", yellowgreen in color, with white flesh. The fruit is sold in local markets in the tropics where it is calledGuanabana or Brazilian Cherimoya.All parts of the Graviola tree are used in natural medicine in the tropics including the bark,leaves, roots, fruit and fruit-seeds. Different properties and uses are attributed to the differentparts of the tree. Generally the fruit and fruit juice is taken for worms and parasites, to coolfevers, to increase mother's milk after childbirth (lactagogue), and as an astringent for diarrheaand dysentery. The crushed seeds are used as a vermifuge and anthelmintic against internal andexternal parasites and worms.The bark, leaves and roots are considered sedative, antispasmodic, hypotensive and nervine anda tea is made for various disorders for those purposes.Graviola has a long rich history of use in herbal medicine as well as a long recorded indigenoususe. In the Peruvian Andes, a leaf tea is used for catarrh and the crushed seed is used to killparasites In the Peruvian Amazon the bark roots and leaves are used for diabetes and as asedative and antispasmodic. Indigenous tribes in Guyana use a leaf and/or bark tea of Graviolaas a sedative and heart tonic. In the Brazilian Amazon, a leaf tea is used for liver problems andthe oil of the leaves and unripe fruit is mixed with olive oil and used externally for neuralgia,rheumatism and arthritis pain. In Jamaica, Haiti and the West Indies, the fruit and/or fruit juiceis used for fevers, parasites, as a lactagogue, and diarrhea; and the bark or leaves are used as anantispasmodic, sedative, and nervine for heart conditions, coughs, grippe, difficult childbirth,asthma, asthenia, hypertension and parasites.Many bioactive compounds and phytochemicals have been found in Graviola as scientists havebeen studying its properties since the 1940's. Its many uses in natural medicine has beenvalidated by this scientific research. The earliest studies were between 1941 and 1962. Severalstudies by different researchers demonstrated that the bark as well as the leaves hadhypotensive, antispasmodic, vasodilator; smooth muscle relaxant and cardiodepressant activitiesin animals. Researchers re-verified Graviola leaf's hypotensive properties in rats again in 1991.Several studies over the years have demonstrated that leaf, bark, root, stem and seed extracts ofGraviola are antibacterial in vitro against numerous pathogens and that the bark has antifungalproperties. Graviola seeds demonstrated active antiparasitic properties in a 1991 study, and aleaf extract showed to be active against malaria in two other studies in 1990 and 1993. Theleaves, root, and seeds of Graviola demonstrated insecticidal properties with the seeddemonstrating strong insecticidal activity in a early 1940 study. In a new 1997 clinical study,novel alkaloids were found in Graviola fruit with anti-depressive effects in animals.In an 1976 plant screening program by the National Cancer Institute, the leaves and stem ofGraviola showed active cytotoxicity against cancer cells and researchers have been following upon this research ever since. Much of the research on Graviola focuses on a novel set ofphytochemicals called annonaceous acetogenins. The potent antitumor, pesticidal and/or insectantifeedant properties of these annonaceous acetogenins have been reported and patented.Graviola produces these natural compounds in leaf, bark and twig tissues, and they have be23

documented to possess both highly anti-tumor and pesticidal properties.Active compounds from Graviola and other Annona plants have been submitted to the NIH anti-AIDS screen by Purdue University and their work is continuing with a number of other activeplant species in the Annona plant family. Thus far, Purdue and/or it's staff have filed at least 9U.S. and/or international patents on their work around the antitumorous and insecticidalproperties and uses of these acetogenins. Three separate research groups have isolated novelcompounds in the seeds and leaves of Graviola which have demonstrated significant antitumorous,anticancerous and selective toxicity against various types of cancer cells, publishing 8clinical studies on their findings. One study demonstrated that an acetogenin in Graviola wasselectively cytotoxic to colon adenocarcinoma cells in which it was 10,000 times the potency ofadriamycin (a chemotherapy drug). Cancer research is ongoing on Graviola, and four newstudies have been published in 1998 which further narrow down the specific phytochemicalswhich are demonstrating the strongest anticancerous and antiviral properties.In the June issue of Cancer Letters, Purdue researchers reported that the Annonaceousacetogenin, bullatacin, preferentially killed multi-drug resistant cancer cells because it blockedproduction of adenosine triphosphate, ATP, the chief energy-carrying compound in the body. In1997, Purdue University published information with promising news that several of theAnnonaceous acetogenins are not only are effective in killing tumors that have proven resistantto anti-cancer agents, but also seem to have a special affinity for such resistant cells. Cancercells that survive chemotherapy may develop resistance to the agent originally used againstthem as well as to other, even unrelated, drugs. The term multi-drug resistance (MDR) has beenapplied to this phenomenon. Cancer research will obviously be ongoing on these importantplants and plant chemicals as several pharmaceutical companies continue to research, test andattempt to synthesize these chemicals into new chemo-theraputic drugs.Graviola is safe enough that it protects healthy cells instead of killing them, doesn't causeextreme nausea or hair loss and this treatment doesn't make cancer patients drop huge amountsof weight, get weak, or compromise their immune systems.Herbal Secrets of the Rainforest, "Tropical Plant Database," Ms. Leslie Taylor, PrimaPublishing, September, 1998.GOTU KOLALEAVES(CENTELLAASIATICA)Code: BHSN-BTH-006Weight: 8 OuncesGOTU KOLA24

COMMON NAMES: Asiatic pennywort, Indian pennywortPARTS USED: LeavesGotu Kola, a member of the parsley family, has been used for thousands of years in bothAyurvedic and Chinese medicines. It is native to the warmer regions of both hemispheres,especially abundant in the swampy areas of India and Sri Lanka, parts of Africa, and in othertropical regions of the New World.Gotu Kola has no known toxicity. It is a rich source of vitamin K, and also contains magnesium,calcium and other nutritional properties.Gotu Kola is commonly known as "The Arthritis Herb" where the fresh leaves are used to treatarthritic conditions and has become extremely popular. Frequent reports of its efficacy haveprompted the Herbal Medicines Research and Education Centre to start a research project toinvestigate the popular use of Pennywort (Centella asiatica) for the treatment of arthritis.Gotu Kola has a calming effect on the body and is chiefly used to support the central nervoussystem. It helps to alleviate fatigue and reduce the effects of depression and insomnia. Today, itis primarily used as a brain and nerve strengthening tonic to help improve memory and mentaland physical stamina.In clinical studies from India, this herb increased the IQ, mental ability, and behavioral habits ofmentally retarded children and in other studies, it has also been shown to improve Alzheimer'ssymptoms.Gotu Kola can be used to increase brain function, improve concentration, learning skills andmemory retention capabilities. This herb is the main plant eaten by elephants. That is why it issaid that elephants never forget. In Chinese medicine, it is known as the longevity plant for itsremarkable rejuvenating qualities and that it will increase the vitality of an 80 year-old person tothat of a 40 year-old.Gotu Kola, a traditional blood purifier, tonic and diuretic, is commonly used for diseases of theskin, blood and to relieve symptoms related to colds and respiratory problems includingcongestion, fevers and sore throats.Gotu Kola has a positive effect on circulation, improving the flow of blood throughout the bodyand strengthening the veins and capillaries. It may also be used to support the heart by loweringhigh blood pressure, promote healthy liver and kidney functions, and to relieve symptoms ofneuritis and rheumatism. Antibiotic properties found in Gotu Kola support the immune systemand are especially beneficial in treating a variety of skin problems.Gotu Kola contains asiaticoside-an antibiotic-which is used in the Far East to treat leprosy,syphilis, psoriasis, cervicitis, vaginitis and blisters. The tannin in Gotu Kola may potentiate theantibiotic activity of Echinacea. The tannin in tea, made from the herb, may be inactivated by theaddition of milk or cream.The primary active constituents of Gotu Kola are saponins (also called triterpenoids), whichinclude asiaticoside, madecassoside and madasiatic acid. These saponins may prevent excessivescar formation by inhibiting the production of collagen (the material that makes up connectivetissue) at the wound site. These constituents are also associated with the promotion of woundhealing.25

Clinical trial have shown that Gotu Kola can improve healing of infected burns and wounds, helpthose with chronic venous insufficiency and prevent and treat enlarged scars (keloids).Note: Gotu kola should not be taken if you are pregnant, breast-feeding or taking certainmedications.NEEM LEAVES(AZADIRACHTAINDICA) POWDERCode: BHSN-BTH-007Weight: 8 OuncesAZADIRACHTA INDICAIn Swahili, the Neem tree is known by the name "Mwarobaini", which mean forty treesbecause it supposedly makes medicine to treat 40 different diseases. Among the treatmentsare an infusion from the leaf and fruit to treat eczema. An extract from the wood relievesasthma symptoms. The leaf extract is used to treat fever and the powdered root bark is appliedto a toothache. The oil from the seed is applied to treat wounds, sores and cuts. Neem leaveshave been prescribed to aid the digestive system, to decrease levels of glucose in the blood ofdiabetics and to stimulate the liver. Neem-based insecticides have been shown to be effectiveagainst over 200 different types of insects including head lice, fleas, locusts and mosquitoes.Constituents in Neem:Its main chemical broadside is a mixture of 3 or 4 related compounds, and it backs these upwith 20 or so others that are minor but nonetheless active in one way or another. In the main,these compounds belong to a general class of natural products called "triterpenes"; morespecifically, "limonoids."Uses of Neem:AIDS:Neem contains immune modulating polysaccharide compounds which may be responsible forincreasing antibody production. Other elements of neem may stimulate immune function byenhancing cellular mediated response. This dual action can help the body ward off thefrequent infections that generally accompany AIDS.Arthritis:The phenolic compounds containing catechin (which possess anti-inflammatory properties)may produce the anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have shown that the polysaccharides inneem reduce the inflammation and swelling that occur in arthritis. Neem helps to reduceinflammation; it also has pain suppressing properties.Birth Control:Neem has been shown to be a powerful, relatively inexpensive birth control agent for both26

men and women. Using neem as a vaginal contraceptive inhibits the spread of microorganismsincluding Candida albicans, C. Tropicalis, Niesseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex-2and HIV-1, as well as resistant strains of E. coli/I and Staphylococcus aureus, in part byboosting immune-system activity in the vagina.Cancer:It has been found that polysaccharides and liminoids in neem bark, leaves and seed oilreduced tumors and cancers and were effective against lymphocytic leukemia. Neem’ssuccess has been noticeably remarkable with skin cancers. A number of reports have beenmade by patients that their skin cancers have disappeared after several months of using aneem-based cream on a daily basis. Injections of neem extract around various tumors haveshown sizable reduction in a few weeks’ time. Neem leaf extract significantly alters cancerdevelopment at extra hepatic sites by influencing hepatic biotransformation enzymes andantioxidants.Dental Care:Neem twigs contain antiseptic ingredients necessary for dental hygiene. Neem powder is alsoused to brush teeth and massage gums. Neem extracts prevent tooth decay and periodontaldisease.Diabetes:As a tonic and a revitalizer, it works effectively in the treatment of diabetes.Heart Disease:Major causes of a heart attack include blood clots, high cholesterol, arrhythmic heart actionand high blood pressure. Its leaf extracts reduces clotting, lowered blood pressure and badcholesterol, slowed rapid or abnormally high heartbeat and inhibited irregular heart rhythms.Some compounds may produce effects similar to mild sedatives, which reduce anxiety andother emotional or physical states that may prompt a heart attack. The antihistamine effects ofthe nimbidin in its leaves cause blood vessels to dilate. This may be why the leaves helpreduce blood pressure.Malaria:Both water and alcohol based neem leaf extracts have been shown to block the developmentof the gamete in an infected person. Neem leaf extract greatly increases the state of oxidationin red blood cells, which prevents normal development of the malaria virus.Rheumatism:Neem leaves have anti-inflammatory activity, similar to that in drugs such as phenyl butazoneand cortisone. They can relieve pain and reduce acute pain edema.Stress:The explanation of neem’s anti-anxiety effect may be its ability to increase the amount ofserotonin in the brain. Because it works well in small amounts, it could be safer than drugscurrently used for stress, which may cause many side effects.Gastro-intestinal Problems:Neem is considered a useful therapy for ulcers and gastric discomfort. Compounds in neemhave been proven to have anti-ulcerative effects. Peptic ulcers and duodenal ulcers are treatedwell with neem leaf extracts; and provides significant reductions in acid output and gastric27

fluid activity.Vitiligo:Vitiligo is believed to be an autoimmune disorder that causes patches of skin to lose theircolor. It occurs in about five percent of the human population regardless of race, but mostcommonly in dark-skinned people. The two most common treatments are exposure to sunlight(or PUVA) or corticoster old drugs, but these are not always effective. Other studies showedthat the internal use of neem leaves and bark were effective even without the cream. It may bepossible that neem oil applied to the affected areas could aid in the reversal of discoloration.Chagas Disease:Extracts of neem reportedly affect the kissing bugs that transmit the much-feared Chagas'disease. They do not kill the insect; instead they "immunize" it against parasites that liveinside it for part of their life cycle. Feeding neem to bugs not only eliminates the parasites, butprevents the young from molting and the adults from reproducing. Neem leaf or seed extractsmay also be sprayed throughout the home where the kissing bug lives; this eliminates theparasites and prevents the bugs from laying eggs.Skin Diseases:Neem has been highly successfully against harmful fungi, parasites, and viruses. Although itcan destroy these, it does not kill off beneficial intestinal flora nor produce adverse sideeffects. Neem is toxic to several fungi that attack humans, including the causes of athlete’sfoot and ringworm and candida, which cause yeast infections and thrush.Fungicides:Neem has proved effective against certain fungi that infect the human body. Such fungi are anincreasing problem and have been difficult to control by synthetic fungicides. For example, inone laboratory study, neem preparations showed toxicity to cultures of 14 common fungi,including members of the following genera:Trichophyton - an "athlete's foot" fungus that infects hair, skin, and nails;Epidermophyton- a "ringworm" that invades both skin and nails of the feet;Microsporum- a ringworm that invades hair, skin, and (rarely) nails;Trichosporon- a fungus of the intestinal tract;Geotrichum- a yeastlike fungus that causes infections of the bronchi, lungs, and mucousmembranes; and Candida - a yeastlike fungus that is part of the normal mucous flora but canget out of control, leading to lesions in mouth (thrush), vagina, skin, hands, and lungs.Antibacterials:Neem oil suppresses several species of pathogenic bacteria, including:Staphylococcus aureus - a common source of food poisoning and many pus-formingdisorders (for example, boils and abscesses), this bacterium also causes secondary infectionsin peritonitis, cystitis, and meningitis. Many strains are now resistant to penicillin and otherantibiotics, one reason for the widespread occurrence of staphylococcal infections inhospitals.Salmonella typhosa. This much-feared bacterium, which lives in food and water, causes28

typhoid, food poisoning, and a variety of infections that include blood poisoning and intestinalinflammation. Current antibiotics are of only uncertain help in treating it. However, neem hasmany limitations as an antibiotic.Neem showed no antibacterial activity against certain strains of the above bacteria, and noneagainst Citrobacter, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis,Proteus morgasi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus faecalis.Viral Diseases:In India, neem is also used to treat viral diseases such as small-pox, chicken-pox.Immunity Booster:Led by "Killer T" cells, the cell-mediated immune system is the body's first defense againstinfection. Killer T-cells are able to destroy microbes, viruses and cancer cells by injectingtoxic chemicals into the invaders. Neem also boosts the body's macrophage response, whichstimulates the lymphocytic system, and boosts production of white blood cells.Insecticide:Neem products are unique in that (at least for most insects) they are not outright killers.Instead, they alter an insect's behavior or life processes in ways that can be extremely subtle.Eventually, however, the insect can no longer feed or breed or metamorphose, and can causeno further damage.Antiseptic:The seeds and leaves contain compounds with demonstrated antiseptic, antiviral, andantifungal activity. Neem has anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, and anti-ulcer effects. Neemleaves contain an ingredient that disrupts the fungi that produce aflatoxin on moldy peanuts,corn, and other foods-it leaves the fungi alive, but switches off their ability to produceaflatoxin, the most powerful carcinogen known.References:1. www.neemtreeforms.com2. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1998 Nov; 36(11): 1151-33. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2002 Feb; 79 (2): 273-84. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 1997 Jun; 37(6): 485-915. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1997 Jan; 55(2): 133-96. International Journal of Immunopharmacology, 1992 Oct; 14(7): 1187-9329

WILD AFRICANBASIL(OMUJAAJA)OCIMUM SPP.Code: BHSN-BTH-009Weight: 8 OuncesWILD AFRICAN BASILApart from being a general tonic and vitalizer, basil has since ages been employed in hundreds ofdifferent formulations for the treatment of a range of ailments. In Africa, Omajaaja has beentraditionally used to treat disorders of the mouth and throat, lungs, heart, blood, liver, kidney andthe digestive, metabolic, immune, reproductive and nervous systems. It has been frequently usedto treat coughs, colds, flu, catarrh, head and earaches, rheumatism and arthritis, malaria, fever,allergies and various skin diseases. It is used in reducing the toxicity of various poisons,including insect and reptile bites, to expel intestinal parasites, repel insects and purify the air.Modern research on this wonder herb has revealed many of its less known qualities. Basilprotects against and reduces stress; enhance stamina and endurance. It helps increase the body'sefficient use of oxygen; boost the immune system; reduces inflammation; stems rapid ageing,supports the heart, lungs and liver; has antibiotic, antiviral, and antifungal properties andenhances the efficacy of many other therapeutic treatments. Recent results obtained from in vitroand in vivo studies indicate that several botanicals such as Ocimum sanctum as a radioprotector -protects against radiation-induced lethality, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage.It also provides a rich supply of antioxidants and other nutrients. Recent research in its utilisationfor diabetes, has demonstrated its ability to lower blood sugar and to regulate thyroid functions.In addition, it has been found that basil is a premier adaptogen, helping the body and mind adaptand cope with a wide range of physical, emotional, chemical and infectious stresses and trauma.It helps restore disturbed physiological and psychological functions to a normal healthy state. Itis used spiritually to ward off evil spirits.As an essential oil, Omujaaja, has antimicrobial qualities. Wild African Basil from East Africacontains very high levels of eugenol. Eugenol is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted fromcertain essential oils, such as clove oil, nutmeg, cinnamon and bay leaf, which havedemonstrated variable abilities against tested bacteria. Although the oil of basil was effective onall microbes tested, the highest antimicrobial activity was observed on Gram positive bacteria asopposed to Gram negative bacteria. This essential oil inhibited the growth of S. aureus and gramnegative bacteria belonging to E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Proteus and Pseudomonas.Its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in foods provides a reason for its ancient use in theculinary arts.Some of the Compounds in Ocimum spp.• Caffeic acid -- Leaf30

• 1,8-Cineole -- plant• p-Coumaric acid -- Leaf• p-Cymene -- plant• Limonene -- plant• Linalool -- plant• Methylchaviol -- plant• Methyl cinnamate -- plant• Myrcene -- leaf• alpha-Pinene -- plant 2• B-Pinene -- plant• Quercetin• Rutin -- leaf• Safrole -- plant• alpha-Terpinene• Trytophan -- leafMORINGALEAVES(POWDER)(MORINGAOLEIFERACode: BHSN-BTH-010Weight: 8OuncesMORINGA STENOPETALA, MORINGA OLEIFERAFamilyMoringaceaeCommon namesCabbage tree, African moringa tree (En). Moringa éthiopien (Fr).Modern scientific research is proving that Moringa leaves are one of the richest sources ofessential nutrients often lacking in people's diets. Moringa leaves, gram for gram, have seventimes the Vitamin C found in oranges, four times the Vitamin A of carrots, three times the Ironof spinach, four times as much Calcium as milk and three times the potassium of bananas pluseight essential Amino Acids.The seeds are used in east Africa to clarify and purify water. Modern science has alsodemonstrated its use in removing heavy metals, such as lead, from the water.Moringa leaves can be useful in combating malnutrition, especially among infants and nursingmothers. A source of food largely related to its high concentrations of nitrogen, an element that31

helps build muscle tissue and promote protein synthesis. Moringa also has antibiotic properties.Helps to strengthen the immune system and can act to prevent illness.India's ancient tradition has it that the leaves of Moringa prevent 300 diseases.The leafcomposition has significant quantities of vitamins B, iron, iodine and protein. 25 grams daily ofMoringa Leaf Powder will give a child the following recommended daily allowances: protein42%, calcium 125%, magnesium 61%, potassium 41%, iron 71%, vitamin A 272%, and vitaminC 22%. Studies show that HIV patients given moringa leaf powder every day enjoyed greaterappetites and weight gain.Adulterations and substitutesMoringa oleifera and Moringa stenopetala have many characteristics in common. Use as avegetable and water purifier are similar. They share several medicinal uses and both have highcontents of oil in the seeds. Moringa oleifera has a faster development and yields fruits and seedsquickly. Moringa stenopetala is better suited to a drier climate; yields of seeds are higher andthey have a higher coagulant content.Ethanol extracts of leaves and roots have shown promise in control of Trypanosoma brucei andLeishmania donovani in in-vitro experiments. The leaf extract causes increased uterine smoothmuscle contractions in mice and guinea pigs. The medicinal use of leaves to expel a retainedplacenta may be related to these increased contractions. A crude seed extract strongly inhibitedgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella sp. and Candida albicans. Thehypoglycaemic effect of an aqueous extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves was confirmed in nondiabeticrabbits. In in-vivo experiments the extract and glibenclamide were compared. The plantextract was found to lower blood glucose concentration although it was less potent thanglibenclamide. The effect was observed to increase with time and with increasing dose of theextract.The Turkana people of northern Kenya make an infusion of the leaves, which is used as aremedy against leprosy. The Njemp people in Kenya chew the bark as a treatment againstcoughs, and use it to make fortifying soups. In the Konso area of Ethiopia the smoke of burningroots is used as a treatment for epilepsy and the leaves of certain Moringa stenopetala trees arerenowned for their effectiveness against diarrhoea. In the Negelle and Wolayeta Sodo areas(Ethiopia) the leaves and roots are used as a cure for malaria, stomach problems and diabetes.The leaves are also used to treat hypertension, retained placenta, asthma, colds, as ananthelmintic, to induce vomiting and to promote wound healing.Moringa oleifera: A Review of the Medical Evidence for Its Nutritional, Therapeutic, andProphylactic Properties. Part 1.32

LANTANACAMARA -C/S, POWDERCode: BHSN-BTH-012Weight: 8OuncesLANTANA CAMARA Linn. is a large evergreen strong-smelling herb, native of tropicalAmerica, All the parts of this plant have been used traditionally for several ailments throughoutthe world. Lantana camara is a significant weed of which there are some 650 varieties in over 60countries or island groups. This species has been nominated as among 100 of the "World'sWorst" invaders. It has been cultivated for over 300 years. It is found in many African countriesincluding some arid regions and is widespread in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.There has been much work conducted, especially in India, on the chemical constituents oflantana; extracts from the leaves exhibit antimicrobial, fungicidal, insecticidal and nematicidalactivity. The use of lantana extracts as potential biocides has been suggested. For example,aqueous leachate at 1 to 3 percent can kill water hyacinth, a troublesome weed in many tropicalcountries.Lantana oil is sometimes used for the treatment of skin itches, as an antiseptic for wounds andexternally for leprosy and scabies. Plant extracts are used in traditional medicine for thetreatment of cancers, chicken pox, measles, whooping cough, asthma, emphysema, pulmonarytuberculosis, ulcers, swellings, eczema, tumors, high blood pressure, bilious fevers, catarrhalinfections, tetanus, rheumatism, malaria, high blood pressure, diabetes, stomach problems,heartburn, dyspepsia, laxative, brucellosis, internal parasites, diffuse pain and as a restorativetonic (alternative).The leaves are used to relieve cough and as a antitumoral, antibacterial and antihypertensiveagent. The root of this plant is used for the treatment of malaria, rheumatism and skin rashes.Several tri-terpenoids, napthaquinones, flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides isolated from thisplant are known to exert diverse biological activities including cytotoxic and anticancerproperties. The results obtained studies show that the extract of the leaf of Lantana camara iscytotoxic in nature and may possess antitumor activity. The cytotoxic activity may be due to thepresence of toxic lantanoids and alkaloids from this plant.33

EUCALYPTUSLEAVES(EUCALYPTUSGLOBULUS)Code: BHSN-BTH-013Weight: 8 OuncesEUCALYPTUS GLOBULUSVernacular names Blue gum, Tasmanian blue gum, southern blue gum, fever tree (En).Gommier bleu, arbre à fièvre (Fr). Gomeiro azul, eucalipto comum (Po). Mkaratusi (Sw).Origin and geographic distribution Eucalyptus globulus is naturally distributed in Tasmaniaand south-eastern Australia, but is now widely planted and naturalized in subtropical regionsaround the world. In tropical Africa it is found in cool highland regions, especially in Ethiopia,where it was introduced around 1890.. The Australian Aborigines used the leaves as a remedyfor fevers. Eucalyptus is very prevalent in Uganda.In African traditional medicine, an infusion or decoction of the leaves is taken, or appliedexternally in baths, lotions or enemas, against asthma, bronchitis, tonsillitis, colds, urinaryproblems and haemorrhages. The vapour of boiled dried leaves is inhaled against asthma,cough, flu, croup and diphtheria, or fine leaf powder is inhaled. In Sudan a decoction of theleaves is drunk to treat malaria and in Madagascar the leaves are heated and the vapour inhaledagainst this disease. Powdered or bruised leaves or a leaf decoction are applied on abscesses andwounds. A paste of powdered leaves is rubbed in against rheumatism. In Kenya a leaf decoctionis used in a bath to treat chickenpox in children. In Ethiopia a leaf extract is gargled fortreatment of meningitis. In southern Africa the leaves are used against stomach-ache. Gum resinfrom the plant is used against diarrhoea. Various leaf preparations are used as insect repellent,and in Kenya the fresh or dried leaves are used for controlling snails.Eucalyptus is also used for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and cardiac diseases. In LatinAmerica and the West Indies, a tea of the leaves is used for asthma, bronchitis and diabetes. Arefreshing bath of the tea is good for pains, colds and chest congestion. The leaves can besimmered in an open pot and the vapors inhaled for sinus, hay fever, colds and chest congestion.The tea is also used as an antiseptic dressing for wounds, sores and open ulcers. The driedleaves strewn around the house will keep away insects and deodorize and purify the air.Simmering in a pot has the same effect. The fresh leaves can be chewed to strengthen teeth andharden the gums.Leaf extracts have shown antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects. Water extracts of theleaf have shown antihyperglycaemic and molluscicidal activities. Ether extracts of the leafshowed anthelmintic activity against Strongyloides stercoralis and Ancylostoma spp. Adecoction of the leaves had in-vivo diuretic activity in rats. An ethanol extract of the leaf and adecoction of the seed have shown in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in mice and rats.Euglobals from the leaf have shown anti-inflammatory effects, inhibitory effects on the34

activation of Epstein-Barr virus and anti-tumour activity. Powdered leaves and leaf extractsprovide protection against the pulse storage pest Callosobruchus maculatus. The leaves containtannins (ellagitannin, gallotannin and catechin derivatives) and flavonoids (flavone glycosideswith the aglycones quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol and rutin).Eucalyptus globulus is recordedto have allelopathic effects on undergrowth and crops near the tree.Vaughan, G., 2008. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. [Internet] Record from Protabase. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétalesde l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, NetherlandsSPANISHNEEDLE(BIDENSPILOSA)Code: BHSN-BTH-014Weight: 8OuncesBIDENS PILOSAFamily: Asteraceae (Compositae)Vernacular names Black jack, cobbler’s pegs, hairy beggarticks, Spanish needles (En).Kichoma mguu, kichoma nguo (Sw).Origin and geographic distribution Bidens pilosa is a cosmopolitan weed, originating fromSouth America and common in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In Africa Bidenspilosa is recorded as a weed in many countries. It is reported as a vegetable or potherb amongothers in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d’ Ivoire, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, DR Congo, Kenya,Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It is consideredone of the most noxious annual weeds in East Africa. It often becomes dominant after theeradication of perennial grasses, and displays allelopathic effects on a number of crops.Uses: In sub-Saharan Africa, the fresh or dried tender shoots and young leaves are used as a leafvegetable especially in times of food scarcity. It is an ingredient of sauces accompanying thestaple food. The leaves are, fresh or after parboiling, dried in the sun and stored as powder forthe dry season. In Uganda, the leaves are boiled in sour milk. Old leaves are not suitable forconsumption because they have a bitter astringent taste.Bidens pilosa is used as a medicinal plant in many regions of Africa, Asia and tropical America.Roots, leaves and seed have been reported to possess antibacterial, antidysenteric, anti-35

inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, diuretic, hepato-protective and hypotensive activities.In Uganda, five different medicinal uses are known: the sap from crushed leaves is used to speedup clotting of blood in fresh wounds; a leaf decoction is used for treating headache; sap from theplant is put in the ear to treat ear infection; a decoction of leaf powder is used to treat kidneyproblems; and a herbal tea made from the plant decreases flatulence. Extracts of Bidens pilosaare used in southern Africa to cure malaria. The Manyika people in the eastern highlands ofZimbabwe retain the first water used for cooking Bidens pilosa foliage for later use as amedicinal drink to cure stomach and mouth ulcers, diarrhoea, headaches and hangover. The Zuluin South Africa use a suspension of powdered leaves as an enema for abdominal trouble, whereasin Congo a concoction made from the whole plant is taken as a poison antidote, or to ease childdelivery and to relieve the pain from hernia. In South Africa, strong decoctions of the leaf takenin large doses have been reported to be helpful in treating arthritis. In Côte d’Ivoire, the plant isused for treating jaundice and dysentery. The plant sap is applied to burns in Tanzania. InNigeria, the powder or ash from the seed is used as a local anaesthetic and rubbed into cuts. TheGiriama tribe from the coastal areas of Kenya use a leaf extract to treat swollen spleens inchildren. This tribe also uses a mixture of the dried and ground leaves of Bidens pilosa, soap andhot pepper as an insecticide for the control of leaf miners and other insects. The traditionalapplication of Bidens pilosa in local medicine, especially for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatoryproperties, will remain of importance, the more so as the plants are readily available. Theimmunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and especially antimalarial properties deserve furtherattention.Spanish needles are been used in traditional medicine systems for infections of all kinds: fromsuch upper respiratory tract infections as colds and flu to urinary tract infections and venerealdiseases-and even infected wounds on the skin. Research has begun to confirm these uses inseveral in vitro microbial studies. In 1991, scientists in Egypt first documented Bidens pilosaantimicrobial activity against various pathogens. Other in vitro studies have demonstrated itsantibacterial activity against a wide range of bacteria including Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus,Neisseria gonorrhea, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Salmonella. Extracts of the leaf alsohave been documented to have antimycobacterial activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosisand M. smegmatis. A water extract of the leaf has shown significant anti-yeast activity towardsCandida albicans. Much of Spanish needles antimicrobial actions have been attributed to a groupof chemicals called polyacetylenes, which includes a chemical called phenylheptatriyne.Phenylheptatriyne has shown strong in vitro activity against numerous human and animalviruses, bacteria, fungi, and molds in very small amounts.In the tropics, Bidens pilosa is also used for snakebite and malaria; research has confirmed theseuses as well. Several studies have confirmed the plant's antimalarial activity; it reduced malariain animals by 43-66 %, and in vitro by 90%. With regard to its status as a traditional snakebiteremedy, one research group confirmed that a Spanish needles extract could protect mice fromlethal injections of neurotoxic snake venom.Other research has focused on Bidens pilosa's anticancerous characteristics. Early research, invarious in vitro assay systems designed to predict antitumor activity, indicated positive results inthe early 1990s. Spanish needles first was reported to have antileukemic actions in 1995. Thenresearchers from Taiwan reported (in 2001) that a simple hot-water extract of Spanish needlescould inhibit the growth of five strains of human and mouse leukemia at less than 200 mcg per36

ml in vitro.In Nanyuki, Kenya, Bidens pilosa is collected for the extraction of natural dyes. Among the Efeof the DR Congo the root is washed and dried, then used as a painting brush. Livestock browseson the plants and in South Africa Bidens pilosa has been used as a fodder for pigs. However,dairy cattle are discouraged from browsing on it because the aromatic oil present in the plant hasan objectionable smell that can taint milk. Chicken feed on the seed. In Uganda and in Mexico,the leaves are used as an invigorating or stimulant substitute for tea; while in the Philippines theflowers are used in the preparation of a kind of wine. The flowers are a good source of nectar forhoneybees.Mvere, B., 2004. Bidens pilosa L. Record from Protabase. Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors).PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales de l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen,Netherlands. Tropical Plant Database, Dbase File for Bidens Pilosa L., "The Healing Power of Herbs",Rainforest NutritionWARBURGIAUGANDENSISBARKCode: BHSN-BTH-015Weight: 8OuncesWARBURGIA UDANDENSISFrom stomach ache to epilepsy to erectile dysfunction to skin diseases and malaria, this tree, theGreenheart, known scientifically as warburgia ugandensis has been proven by laboratory tests tobe a wonder drug of sorts - not just for humans but livestock, too. The tree grows all over EastAfrica.Warburgia ugandensis is a spreading evergreen tree 4.5-30 m tall, 70 cm in diameter, barksmooth or scaly, pale green or brown, native to East, Central and Southern Africa. The fruit isedible and all parts have a hot peppery taste. The leaves and seeds are sometimes used to addflavour to curries. Traditionally, the dried bark is commonly chewed and the juice swallowed asa remedy for stomachache, constipation, toothache, cough, fever, muscle pains, weak joints andgeneral body pains. It is also effective in powdered form for treating the same diseases. Freshroots are boiled and mixed with soup for the prevention of diarrhea and other gastrointestinaldisorders. The inner bark is reddish, bitter and peppery and has a variety of applications. Itprovides treatment for the common cold, tuberculosis, asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia,emphysema and other respiratory diseases. In East Africa, warburgia is used to treat malaria,37

visceral leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and helminthiasis.Measles is one of the major killer diseases of children in Uganda. There is currently no treatmentfor this primarily viral disease. Intervention treatment is usually directed at controlling secondarybacterial infections using antibacterial compounds. In Uganda, plants may represent a potentialsource of antibacterial drugs since extracts from some plants have been used in treatment ofmeasles. The stem bark of Warburgia ugandensis is incorporated in milk or soup of both healthyand sick children to prevent or to heal measles.Warburgia ugandensis is known to have potent antifeedant and antifungal activity. This tree isthe most valuable of the natural African antimicrobials and the bark and leaves have been used totreat yeast, fungal, bacterial and protozoal infections for centuries.In recent studies, W. ugandensis water extracts elicited antibacterial activity against bothEscherischia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Warburgia ugandensis water extracts also showsantifungal activity against Candida albicans. The claimed efficacy of W. ugandensis can beattributable to antibacterial and antifungal activity of its components.The dried bark is traditionally used as a remedy for muscle pains, weak joints, general bodypains, stomach-ache, and toothache. The dried and ground bark is used as a snuff to clear sinusesand smoke from the burning bark is inhaled as a remedy for chest complaints and as a ritual forspirit possession.Antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracts of Zanthoxylum chalybeum and Warburgia ugandensis,Ugandan medicinal plants Olila, D., Olwa-Odyek, and Opuda-Asibo,Jhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2141554/pdf/AFHS0102-0066.pdf.PRUNUSAFRICANUSBARK POWDERCode: BHSN-BTH-016Weight: 8 OuncesPRUNUS AFRICANASynonyms: Pygeum africanumParts Used:Dried bark of the trunk of Prunus AfricanaCommon Names: African plum tree, African prune, armaatet, bitteramandel, chati,inkhokhokho, iyangazoma-elimnyama, kiburabura, lemalan migambo, mueri, muiru, murugutu,muutimailu, mweria, mwiritsa, nuwehout, ol-koijuk, oromoti, red stinkwood, rooistinhout,tenduet, tendwet, twendet, umdumizulu, umkakase, umkhakhazi, umlalume.Traditional Uses: Aphrodisiac, bladder sphincter disorders, fever, impotence, inflammation,kidney disease, malaria, male baldness, partial bladder outlet obstruction, prostate cancer,prostatic adenoma, prostatitis, psychosis, sexual performance, stomach upset, urinary tract38

health.Geographical Distribution: Found in mountain forests of equatorial Africa including Angola,Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Republic of Congo,South Africa, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.Description: An evergreen tree, usually 10-25 m high, with straight, cylinder trunk and dense,rounded crown. Flowers are small, fragrant and white or cream in color. Fruits are cherryshaped,red to purplish-brown. The wood is very hard and heavy, pale red with strong cyanidesmell when freshly cut, darkening to rich dark red or mahogany-brown on exposure to air. Driedbark is red to blackish-brown and has a strong odor, characteristic almond smell.Pygeum extracts have been used for more than 30 years in France, Germany, and Austria forpatients suffering with prostate enlargement. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), anonmalignant enlargement of the prostate that occurs in most men over 60, can lead to urinaryfrequency and nocturia (waking up at night to go to the bathroom). Frequent interruption of sleepleads to daytime tiredness. The pharmacologic use of plants and herbs for the treatment of BPHhas been growing steadily.Major Chemical Constituents: Active constituents include docosanol and B-sitosterol. Othermajor constituents include alkanols, fatty acids (62.3% comprising myristic, palmitic, linoleic,oleic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, and lignoceric acids), sterols, and triterpenes. The presence ofthe cyanogenic glycoside amygdalin has been documented in the bark, leaf and fruit of thisspecies.Medical Uses: Treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)(enlargement of the prostate), stages I and II (nocturia, polyuria and urinary retention), in caseswhere diagnosis of prostate cancer is negative. Bark preparations are used by the Zulu people totreat intercostal pains and elsewhere in Africa as a purgative and a remedy for stomach pains. InEurope, bark extracts are used in the treatment of BPH. Clinical data support its use for the reliefof lower urinary tract symptoms of Stage 1 and 2 BPH (nocturia, polyuria and urinary.Pharmacology: Research studies have demonstrated that African prune stimulates the secretoryactivity of the prostate, has anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic tendencies and inhibits cellproliferation. Standardised bark extract (lipid/sterol fraction) has been in clinical use in Europesince 1969. There have been numerous studies aimed at establishing both efficacy and precisemode of action. The beneficial effects noted in patients suffering from BPH following treatmentwith standardised bark extract include significant reduction in frequency of urination andresidual urine volume and an increase in voided volume and flow rate, as compared withplacebo. A reduction in edema and inflammation as well as diminished histamine-induced vesselpermeability has been demonstrated. These effects have been attributed to the presence ofphytosterols (anti-inflammatory, anti-estrogen), pentacyclic triterpenes (anti-edema,immunostimulant ) and ferulic acid esters (hypocholesterolaemic).Dosage forms: In traditional practice, bark infusions are taken orally. In Europe, the lipid/sterolfraction, usually obtained by extraction of the bark with chloroform or dichloromethane, is takenorally. Tadenan® is one such preparation. For the treatment of BPH, 100-200mg of standardisedextract/day in divided doses.Contraindications: Preparations of this species are contraindicated in cases of known allergy tomembers of Rosaceae, as well as during pregnancy, lactation and in children under the age of 1239

years because of effects on androgen and oestrogen metabolism. Lipophilic bark extracts appearto be well tolerated in humans. A few cases of minor and transient gastrointestinal side effectse.g. diarrhoea, nausea and gastric pain have been reported and single cases of constipation,dizziness and visual disturbance.Precautions: A diagnosis of BPH is preferable before commencing treatment with standardisedbark extract. Currently available evidence does not suggest carcinogenesis, mutagenesis orimpairment of fertility associated with the use of Prunus africana.KATAZAMITI(BRIDELIAMICRANTHA)POWDERCode: BHSN-BTH-017Weight: 8 OuncesBRIDELIA MICRANTHAKatazamiti, native to sub-Saharan Africa,is a semi-deciduous to deciduous tree up to 20 m tallwith a dense rounded crown and tall, bare stem. All parts of the plant are used in traditionalmedicine.Bark infusions of B. micrantha are taken by the Zulu as emetics, the East Africans to treatstomach ache, tapeworm infestations, diarrhoea and as tonics for children and in Zimbabwe totreat infants’ coughs. In South Africa, the stem bark of the plant is used in traditional medicinefor gastrointestinal ailments, paralysis, and painful joints.Bridelia micrantha as it is formerly called, is traditionally used in the treatment of stomachailments and diseases such as gastritis, salmonellosis, gastro-enteritis, diarrhea and constipation,tapeworms and as a emetic for poisons (causes vomiting). Studies have demonstratedantibacterial, antimalarial and antidiarrhoeic activity for B. micrantha.Properties: It is also used as a treatment for skin problems such as ulcers, boils, and rashes; forrespiratory problems such as persistent cough, TB, pneumonia, bronchitis and pleurisy; as ananalgesic (pain reliever); as an antimalarial; for toothache and gum diseases; for gynaecologicalcomplaints, for painful menstruation and to prevent or cause abortion; and as a stimulate andrestorative tonic (alterative) for fortifying pregnant woman, for sickle cell anemia, HIV/Aidsand anemia in general.Preliminary research on medical properties of Katazamiti has shown this herb to be beneficial intreating HIV/AIDS as it cures diarrhea and stomach discomfort, which are common illnesses inAIDS and contributes to the well-being of the patient. It has also been shown to be a possible40

principle inhibitor to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.Scientific studies have shown that extracts of the whole stem demonstrated antimicrobialactivity by inhibiting the growth of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Campylobacterjejuni/coli.Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common chronic bacterial pathogens of humans. Itcolonizes the gastric epithelial surface and withstands the stomach’s hostile environment bymicroaerophilic growth capacity and the production of numerous virulence factors which maylead to chronic gastritis, peptic ulceration and gastric cancer in later life. Infections in thedeveloping countries have been reported to be higher than in developed countries. In Africa, 70to 80% are infected with the organism and 61 to 100% harbour the organism in sub-SaharanAfrica. Studies on B. micrantha demonstate that this herb performed better than antibiotics,clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxicillin, in treating H. pylori infections.It also contains the sterol, taraxerol (a phytochemical found in dandelions and seaweed to namea few), which is used in producing anti-cancer drugs. Taraxerol-3B-acetate improves toleranceof exercise, removes fatigue and is an anti-aging, anti-tumour, hepatoprotective, anantineoplastic agent and an immune stimulate.Katazamiti is also used in treating psychological problems such as neurosis and psychosis.Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Extracts of theStem Bark of Bridelia micrantha (Hochst., Baill., Euphorbiaceae) Benjamin I. Okeleye, Pascal O.Bessong and Roland N. Ndip; Molecules 2011, 16, 6193-6205; doi:10.3390/molecules16086193http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/8/6193/SPILANTHESMAURITIANACode: BHSN-BTH-018Weight: 8OuncesSPILANTHES MAURITIANAFamily: Asteraceae CompositaeOther Names: Baajvok-olaw, salamatwe (Luo, Kenya), ekum (Masai, Kenya, Tanzania),mtango (Shambaa, Tanzania), mutata (Kamba, Kenya), nyakanyaka (acholi, Ouganda), shiranda(Kipkarren).Synonyms: Acmella oleraceaUses41

Genus Spilanthes is a plant of choice for many health-related disorders. Its traditional uses havebeen proved pharmacologically. The active ingredient spilanthol is proposed to be responsiblefor most of its biological activities. There are many other alkamides and secondary compoundsreported from the plant.Originating in Africa and the South American tropics, the flowers and leaves of Spilanthes spp.,also called the toothache herb, have been used in traditional medicine for toothache, stomatitis,throat complaints and in dental and gum care. It is one of major ingredients in popular herbaltooth powders and paste. The flowers or leaves are chewed or used in the form of a tincture fortoothache, as an astringent, and to stimulate flow of saliva (sialagogue). In case of degenerativegum disease, Spilanthes mouthwash regimen (Spilanthes extract in a glass of clean water, as aswish after tooth brushing for several months) stimulated blood circulation in the oral mucosa.Rapid flushing of all the tooth and gum interstices by the freely flowing saliva helps to cure thedisease. The Spilanthes flower uses in modern times still reflects its use during the ancienttimes. It is still a notable treatment for toothache owing to the analgesic effect of spilanthol.Aside from toothaches, it can treat gum disease and throat infections; it is also used as an oralantiseptic.Traditionally, the whole Spilanthes plant is used in the treatment of dysentery. In Cameroon, theplant is used as a snakebite remedy and in the treatment of articular rheumatism. It is supposedto be useful in cases of tuberculosis. In Germany, the plant extract is used for the treatment ofsoreness or bruising.The herb enhances the immune system. It is used against blood parasites, especially againstmalaria, both prophylactic and curative. In the tropics, where malaria is prevalent, the Spilanthesflower has been known to also treat this debilitating disease.In the Northern parts of Brazil and Central America, this flower is added to vegetables duringcooking. It adds flavor to stews and salads. It is combined with garlic and different types ofchillies for flavor. In India, it was used as an additive in tobacco for flavor.In-vitro studies of the roots and flowers have shown strong antibacterial activity againstEscherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Staphylococcus. Also Candidaalbicans is inhibited. Spilanthes flowers are also a treatment for fungus and ringworminfestation.An infusion of the flowers of Spilanthes has potent diuretic activity and the ability to dissolveurinary calculi. It is antifungal, antiviral and immunostimulating, shows antimicrobial andantiobesity activities.A crude powder of the leaves used as an insecticide has proven effective against e.g. Aedes,Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes and corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea). Spilanthol, an antisepticalkaloid, is effective at very low concentrations against blood parasites. It is a poison for mostinvertebrates, but is said to be harmless to warm-blooded animals.There have been studies in the use of extracts of the Spilanthes flower as a treatment to decreasefacial lines and facial wrinkles. There is a promising effect for relaxing facial muscles todecrease visible wrinkles in the face and to diminish ageing lines and age spots. Many are eagerto know if the Spilanthes flower extract can ultimately be a replacement for expensive Botoxtreatments but results regarding this study have yet to be announced. Spilanthes flowers may be42

used fresh; it can be chewed for the treatment of toothache and can also be eaten with otherleafy greens or added to cooking as well. Spilanthes flowers were taken as tea or extracts addedin water to get its full therapeutic effect.PLANTAINLEAVES,WHOLE PLANT,(PLANTAGOMAJOR)Code: BHSN-BTH-019Weight: 8 OuncesPLANTAIN (Plantago major)Family: PlantaginaceaeCommon Names: Common plantain, broadleaf plaintain, white man’s footPlantain (Plantago major) , also known as broadleaf plantain and Englishman's Foot, is aperennial weed, commonly found in waste places, lawns, meadows, and along fields and hedgesthroughout North America, Europe and Africa.This herb is believed to be native to Europe and Asia, but it now grows wild all over the world. Itis one of the most widely used herbs in Latin America and Europe, where it is used as atreatment for cancer. The juice extracted from the leaves is used as an eyewash for thosesuffering from ophthlamia and conjunctivitis. A tea of the roots, leaves and flowers with thestalks can be taken reduce fevers, to induce menstruation and to relieve stomach pains. Plantagomajor was used traditionally to prevent uterine bleeding after childbirth (made into a tea andinserted via a douche).The herb has a long history of use as an alternative medicine dating back to ancient times. Theyoung leaves are used raw in salad or cooked as a pot herb and are very rich in vitamin B1,riboflavin, chlorophyll and potassium. Plantain contains fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium,sodium, phosphorus, zinc and copper, as well as vitamins A, C and K. It is also a rich source ofnumerous phytochemicals, including allantoin, glycosides, phenols, salicylic acid and tannins.The International College of Herbal Medicine states that plantain leaf has anti-inflammatory,analgesic, antibiotic and immune-stimulating properties.The leaves and the seed are medicinally used as an antibacterial, antidote for poison, astringent,anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antitussive, cardiac, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, haemostatic,laxative, ophthalmic, poultice, refrigerant, and vermifuge.Medical evidence exists to confirm uses as an alternative medicine for asthma, emphysema,bladder problems, bronchitis, fever, hypertension, rheumatism and blood sugar control.43

A decoction of the roots is used in the treatment of a wide range of complaints includingdiarrhoea, dysentery, gastritis, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, external haemorrhage,haemorrhoids, cystitis, bronchitis, catarrh, sinusitis, coughs, asthma and hay fever. It also causesa natural aversion to tobacco and is currently being used in stop smoking preparations.Extracts of the plant have antibacterial activity. Folk medicine attributes expectorant, antiinflammatory,and analgesic properties to plantain, and clinical trials with humans support theseclaims.The herb has been proven effective in the treatment and control of obesity, a use popular in someparts of the world, but rarely seen in America. Plantain has an appetite-satiating effect andreduces intestinal absorption of liquids. Related anti-cholesterol and appetite suppressant effectshave also been experimentally verified. Anti-tumor effects have been demonstrated in animals.Plantain leaf has a rich history of oral and topical medicinal use, particularly for the treatment ofskin ailments, and it is sold today as a supplement for a variety of health promoting purposes.Plantain acts as a diuretic, helping to rid the body of excess water. A tea of the entire plant can beused for bladder and kidney problems, stomach ulcers, hay fever and allergies and to stopinternal bleeding. It also promotes digestive health by helping to ease indigestion and heartburnand treat diarrhea and dysentery. Plantain leaf also soothes the lungs and promotes respiratoryhealth and is used to treat coughs and bronchitis. Additional purported uses for plantain leafinclude enhancing circulation, stimulating the uterus, treating cystitis and hay fever and reducingtotal cholesterol levels.Plantain leaves have antiseptic properties and can be used topically to promote the healing ofdamaged skin, reduce skin inflammation, stop bleeding, reduce pain and prevent secondaryinfections of wounds. The fresh leaves are used to dress wounds, dog and insect bites to stopbleeding and prevent infections. Plantain can also be applied as a poultice to help soothe beestings, burns, rashes and hemorrhoids; and to relieve itching from insect bites. A poultice of thefresh leaves cures herpes, syphilitic sores and parasitic skin diseases.In addition, extracts of it can be used as a mouthwash to reduce gum inflammation and gumdisease and to treat mouth ulcers. Held in the mouth, it heals ulcers, strengthens the gums, relievethroat irritations, coughs and nosebleeds. The fresh leaves are also good for teething babies.The Indians carried this herb around as a first aid measure. In China plantain has a very ancientreputation as a curing herb. It used for general debility, spermatorrhea, loss of sexual potencyand to promote fertility and strengthen the reproductive organs. The tea in Jamaica is used toprevent miscarriage, stop diarrhea and the internal bleeding and to remedy dysentery. Plantainplant appears to be completely safe and nontoxic.1. Basic Herbs for Health and Healing; Rashan Abdul Hakim, 1989.2. “The Health Benefits of the Plantain Leaf”; Megan Ashton; April 29, 2011;http://www.livestrong.com/article/430791-the-health-benefits-of-the-plantain-leaf/44

CASSIA ALATA /SENNA LEAVES(OMUCHULA)POWDER, C/SCode: BHSN-BTH-021Weight: 8 OuncesCASSIA ALATA L.Common Names: Ringworm bush, OmuchulaOrigin and geographic distributionCassia alata L. or senna is a shrub, 2-3m high, widely distributed in the tropical countries. It isnative to South America, but has been planted widely for medicinal and ornamental purposes andis now pantropical. In many countries, including most countries of tropical Africa, it has becomenaturalized and is often considered a weed.It is is known as ringworm shrub, winged Senna, candle tree or ringworm Cassia, owing to itstraditional use of the juice from fresh leaves or as leaf decoction against ringworm, eczema,pruritis, itching, scabies, ulcers and others skin diseases.Cassia alata leaves are used in Africa for the same properties. The flowers are used in bronchitis,asthma and other respiratory ailments. Other uses of Cassia alata are as an antihelminthic,antibacterial, laxative, diuretic, for uterine disorders.In Africa, cassia is also used for digestive complaints such diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, gastritisand heartburn.Other investigations revealed that water extract from Cassia alata leaves contained potentialantifungal agents against C. albicans and antibacterial agents against E. coli, for the treatment ofopportunistic infections in patients afflicted with (AIDS). These results were comparable tocommercial antifungal drug amphotericin B and antibiotic chlorampenicol.The leaf extracts also exhibit various pharmacological properties: antimicrobial, anti-fungalactivities as well as anti-inflammatory effects. The therapeutic efficacy of Cassia alata leafextract against Pityriasis versicoloriias been reported and finally the anti-aging effect of Cassiaalata was demonstrated allowing the use of extracts of Cassia alata in cosmetic and/ordermatological skin care products.Uses:The main medicinal uses of Senna alata are as a laxative or purgative and in the treatment of skinproblems. For laxative purposes usually a decoction of the leaves is drunk, and less often theflowers, roots or the stem are used.Skin problems treated with Senna alata include ringworm, favus and other mycoses, impetigo,syphilis sores, psoriasis, herpes, chronic lichen planus, scabies, shingles, eczema, rash anditching. Skin problems are most often treated by applying leaf sap or by rubbing fresh leaves onthe skin. In veterinary medicine too, a range of skin problems in livestock is treated with leafdecoctions. Such decoctions are also used against external parasites such as mites and ticks.45

Other ailments treated in tropical Africa with Senna alata include stomach pain duringpregnancy, dysentery, hemorrhoids, blood in the urine (schistosomiasis, gonorrhoea),convulsions, heart failure, edema, jaundice, headache, hernia, one-sided weakness or paralysis.A strong decoction made of dried leaves is used as an abortifacient. In India leaf decoctions areused as an expectorant in bronchitis and dyspnea, as an astringent, a mouthwash and a wash incases of eczema. Decoctions of the wood are used to treat liver problems (jaundice), urticaria,rhinitis, and loss of appetite caused by gastro-intestinal problems.The seeds are a source of gum. The young pods are eaten as a vegetable, but only in smallquantities. Toasted leaves are sometimes used as a coffee substitute. Senna alata can become aweed in pastures; it is not eaten by livestock and is reported to be poisonous, especially for goats.The bark is used as fish poison and for tanning leather. The roots and the bark are reported to beused for tattooing. Senna alata is widely appreciated as a garden ornamental and bee forage.From the leaves of Senna alata a number of anthraquinone derivatives have been isolated. Crudeleaf extracts have shown antibacterial activity against a range of bacteria. Antifungal propertiesand antitumour activity have been confirmed by tests. The bark of Senna alata contains tannins.The petals contain anthraquinones, glycosides, steroids, tannins and volatile oil. Extracts of thepetals have bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria but not against gram-negativebacteria.Bosch, C.H., 2007. Senna alata (L.) Roxb. [Internet] Record from Protabase. Schmelzer, G.H. &Gurib-Fakim, A. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétales del’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, Netherlands.BLACK SEEDCode: BHSN-BTH-022Weight: 8 OuncesNigella sativaOfficial name:Nigella sativa L.Family: RanunculaceaeTraditionally, Black Seed has been used for a variety of conditions and treatments related torespiratory health, stomach and intestinal complaints, kidney and liver function, circulatory andimmune system support, as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antioxidants,anticancer, antiviral and for general well-being and to improve general health. Its can betopically used for eczema, psoriasis, arthritis, inflammation, and scalp massage. It has been usedfor medicinal purposes for centuries, both as a herb and pressed into oil, in Asia, the Middle46

East, and Africa.It is believed that the nigella plant has been commercially cultivated for more than 3,000 years.The plant is mentioned in the bible, in which the seeds were used as an ingredient in bread. N.sativa seeds have been found in several sites from ancient Egypt, including Tutankhamun's tomb.Although its exact role in Egyptian culture is unknown, it is known that items entombed with apharaoh were carefully selected to assist him in the afterlife.Images on temple walls show that Egyptian queen Nefertiti anointed her skin with the oil topromote beauty. A bottle of it has been found in the tomb of Tutankhamen. In more recenthistory, the Prophet Muhammad is said to have claimed that derivatives from the seeds wouldcure everything except death, and Pliny the Elder is recorded as having treated snake bites andscorpion stings with a poultice that included the seeds. Today, black seed oil is known by manynames, which indicates its wide use throughout the world.Black Seed is a excellent herb with many benefits, especially when it comes to maintaining astrong and healthy immune system. It is also very useful to individuals suffering from asthmaand respiratory complaints, weakened or over-stimulated immune system, kidney or liverproblems, digestive and stomach problems, arthritis and circulatory complaints, allergies and hayfever, and acne. Black Seed is a safe and excellent herb that can be used by anyone. It has noknown side effects and has a long history of use for several thousand years.Nigella and melatin are two ingredients in Black Seed that contribute greatly to its highlydiversified powers. These substances work together to provide the digestive benefits that havebeen revered in Black Seed. They also promote cleansing and assist with overall eliminatingaction.Two of the most volatile oils found in Black seed are nigellone and thymoquinone which werefirst discovered in the herb in 1985. Nigellone offers both anti-spasmodic and bronchodilatingproperties which contribute to Black Seed's potency against respiratory ailments. It also acts asan antihistamine which helps to reduce the negative symptoms of allergy sufferers. Thymoquinonecontains excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is also a strongantioxidant and helps cleanse the body of toxins. Both nigellone and thymoquinone work inconjunction with one another to enhance Black Seed's action against respiratory ailments. It alsoprovides a healthy alternative to the more commonly prescribed cortisone based therapies usedby allergy sufferers.In one study on 600 allergic patients, 70% were completely cured of theirallergies. The symptoms of allergy apparently included hay fever and asthma, skin disorderssuch as rashes, dandruff or inflammations, fatigue, bowel disturbances or lowered sex drive.Black seed provides a rich supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These ingredients play a keyrole in daily health and wellness. They help to regulate the metabolism, carry toxins to the skin'ssurface for elimination, balance insulin levels, regulate cholesterol, improve body circulation,and promote healthy liver function. A deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids can lead to awide number of health problems including nervous system disorders, uninhibited growths, andskin diseases.Black seed contains over 100 valuable nutrients. It is comprised of approximately 21% protein,38% carbohydrates, and 35% plant fats and oils. The active ingredients of black seed arenigellone, thymoquinone, and fixed oils. Black seed also contains significant proportions ofprotein, carbohydrates and essential fatty acids. Other ingredients include linoleic acid, oleic47

acid, calcium, potassium, iron, zinc, magnesium, selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin B2,niacin, and vitamin C. It’s linoleic acid and gamma linolenic acid content help formProstaglandin E1, which helps the body to inhibit infections, balances the immune system, andregulates allergic reactions. Gamma-linolenic acid also helps stabilize the cell membrane.The seeds contain a number of ingredients that are beneficial to the body, including essentialoils, alkaloids, proteins and saponin. Pharmacological and toxicological tests indicate that theseeds contain anti-inflammatory, antipyretic (anti-fever), analgesic, antimicrobial andantineoplastic (anti-malignancy) qualities. Testing on mice has shown that the seeds can increaserespiration and lower blood pressure. Mice and rats who have been given the oil also showincreased resistance to cancer.Domestication of plants in the Old World (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. 2000. p. 206.GUAVALEAVES(PSIDIUMGUAJAVA), C/S,POWDERCode: BHSN-BTH-023Weight: 8 OuncesPSIDIUM GUAJAVA (Guava)P. guajava is a member of the Myrtaceae family, which contains at least 133 genera and morethan 3,800 plant species. Guava is an important food crop and medicinal plant in tropical andsubtropical countries. In many parts of Africa, the leaf, stem-bark, and roots are usedtraditionally for the management, control, and/or treatment of an array of human disorders.Guava leaf in African folk medicine has many uses, including diabetes mellitus, diarrhea,cough, painful menstruation, and hypertension. It is also used to treat acne, painful menses,tooth decay, gum infection and sore throat, as a disinfectant for wounds and as an antiseptic.Guava bark is used medically as an astringent and to treat diarrhea in children, while the flowershave been used to treat bronchitis, eye sores and to cool the body. The fruit is used as a tonicand laxative, and for the treatment of bleeding gums. Guava is used in Africa and Asia toprevent and treat scurvy. Ethno-medicinal reports document use of the plant in treating malaria.The results of the experimental animal studies also show the leaf aqueous extract of guavaleaves possess hypoglycemic and hypotensive properties, and thus lend pharmacologicalcredence to the suggested traditional uses of the plant in the management or control of adultonset,type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension in some rural African communities. Guava leafis commonly used as a medicine against gastroenteritis (dysentry) and child diarrhea.Some of the traditional uses of guava leaves and bark have been scientifically appraised byexperts. Scientific investigations on the medicinal properties of guava leaf products date back to48

the 1940s. Most scientific evidence examined the clinical efficacy of guava in treatinggastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Other investigations examined anti-amebic, antibiotic, antidiarrheic,anti-hyperglycemic, anti-mutagenic, anti-acne, antispasmodic, and sedative effects, aswell as anti cough and narcotic-like activities of the plant species.Most phytochemical analyses investigated the properties of guava leaf products, revealing morethan 20 isolated compounds, including alkaloids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, essential oils, fattyacids, lectins, phenols, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, and vitamin C (80 mg per 100 g of guava).The main active constituent in the plant is quercetin. Spasmolytic and anti-diarrheal effects areassociated with its quercetin-derived flavonoid glycosides, which supports the use of thisancient leaf remedy in treating GI disorders. Essential oil extracts of the plant demonstrated anability to kill diarrhoea-causing germs like S. aureus and Salmonella spp. and was found to becomparable to tea tree oil, as well as doxycycline and clindamycin antibiotics, thus supportingthe use of guava leaf extracts and essential oils where access to commercial antibiotics isrestricted.P. guajava may be useful in treating infantile rotaviral enteritis.Because they have a high content of Vitamin A, B, C and potassium, they keep the skinglowing, fresh and wrinkle free. They also help in tightening skin that has lost its elasticity.Among the vitamins and minerals present in the guava fruits are vitamin C, beta carotene,folate, vitamin A, vitamin K, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus. A high amount of lycopenewhich is a carotene and an antioxidant, is present in the pink guava giving it the pinkish orreddish color and several health benefits. It is helpful for people who are trying to lose weight.Various researches have proved that guava prevents cancer (kills cancer cells) and heartdiseases. It also prevents age-related diseases like cataracts, Alzheimer’s and rheumatoidarthritis.1. Guava, nature's solution for painful menses, diarrhoea, pimpleshttp://www.tribune.com.ng/11072008/thr/hlt2.html2. DrugDigest.comPAPAYA LEAF C/S POWDER - 8 OUNCESCode: BHSN-BTH-024Weight: 8.00PAPAYA49

Family: CaricaceaeA native of Central America, it was introduced into E. Africa in the 16th or 17th century and isnow naturalized in some places. Papaya fruit is a rich source of nutrients such as provitamin Acarotenoids, vitamin C, B vitamins, dietary minerals and dietary fibre. Papaya skin, pulp andseeds also contain a variety of phytochemicals, including polyphenols.The unripe fruit is used traditionally among the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria for the treatment ofvarious human and veterinary diseases including malaria, hypertension, diabetes mellitus,hypercholesterolaemia, jaundice, intestinal helminthiasis and for the management of sickle cellanaemia.Also, among the Yoruba herbalists, hot infusion of the seeds of the unripe, mature fruits ofCarica papaya is employed in the local treatment of poison related renal and hepatic disorders.In some parts of the world, papaya leaves are made into tea as a treatment for malaria. Antimalarialand anti-plasmodial activity has been noted in some preparations of the plant, but themechanism is not understood and no treatment method based on these results has beenscientifically proven.Foremost among papaya's health-promoting agents is papain, papaya's signature enzyme, whichis found in both the fruit and the leaves. Both green papaya fruit and the tree's latex are rich inpapain, a protease used for tenderizing meat and other proteins. It is now included as acomponent in powdered meat tenderizers. Papain is also applied topically (in countries where itgrows) for the treatment of cuts, rashes, stings and burns. Papain ointment is commonly madefrom fermented papaya flesh, and is applied as a gel-like paste. Carpaine, an alkaloid present inpapaya, can be used as a heart depressant, amoebicide and diuretic.Women in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and other countries have long used greenpapaya as a folk remedy for contraception and abortion. Enslaved women in the West Indieswere noted for consuming papaya to prevent pregnancies and thus preventing their children frombeing born into slavery.Preliminary medical research in animals has confirmed the potential contraceptive andabortifacient capability of papaya, have documented papaya's dramatic anticancer effect against abroad range of lab-grown tumors, including cancers of the cervix, breast, liver, lung andpancreas. The researchers used an extract made from dried papaya leaves, and the anticancereffects were stronger when cells received larger doses of the tea. The papaya extract did not haveany toxic effects on normal cells, avoiding a common and devastating consequence of manycancer therapy regimens.Recent research also shows that C. papaya unripe fruit and dried leaves have been indicated insickle cell anemia management. Scientists have reported that extracts of the unripe fruit and thedried leaves have definite anti-sickling property.50

Sources: “Analyses of antisickling potency of Carica papaya dried leaf extract and fractions”;Ngozi Awa Imaga* and Olusegun A. Adepoju; Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Vol.2(7) pp. 97-102, November, 2010WikipediaCHINESE LANTERN(TUNTUNU)(DICHROSTACHYSCINEREA)Code: BHSN-BTH-025Weight: 8 OuncesDICHROSTACHYS CINERA is commonly called "dundu" among the Hausa speaking peopleof northern Nigeria and "Kora" among the Yoruba speaking people of Western Nigeria. InUganda, the plant is known as "tuntunu". The branches and twigs have long, straight spines; theflowers resemble Chinese lanterns and the tightly coiled pods are very distinctive. Bark is lightbrown to grey-brown with shallow grooves.All parts of the plant are essential in traditional medicine. Ntuntunu is used in many regions inAfrica in the treatment of bronchitis, catarrh, colds, cough, pneumonia, tuberculosis and otherlung diseases as well as for venereal, bladder and kidney diseases, as a diuretic, as an analgesicand for infertility.Traditional uses also include treatment for snake bite, abortion, gastrointestinal problems, painfulmenstruation, in healing boils and cysts, eye problems and teeth and mouth hygiene. The bark isused to treat dysentery, toothaches and elephantiasis. The leaves are a laxative and used to treatgonorrhoea and boils. It is also a remedy for stomach problems and can remove poison fromsnakebites. It is used as an aphrodisiac and as an astringent for scorpion bites. In Uganda and theDemocratic Republic of Congo, a decoction of the roots, leaves and stems are used in thetreatment of epilepsy and other nervous diseases. In Angola, it is used in the treatment ofneuralgia and neuritis and in Congo, it is used for polio.A recent research study, carried out to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tannins isolatedfrom D. cinerea, reported antibacterial activity against Staph. aureus, Sh. boydii and Sh. flexneri,E. coli and P. aeruginosa.51

KIGELIAAFRICANA(STEMS, BARKS &ROOTS)Code: BHSN-BTH-026Weight: 8 OuncesKigelia AfricanaSaugage Tree, Cucumber TreeKigelia africana occurs throughout tropical Africa, particularly in the drier regions and is widelyused throughout Africa for a variety of purposes, particularly in local medicine, and morerecently in commercial applications to treat various skin complaints.The diversity of complaints against which the plant is used includes fainting, anaemia, sickle-cellanaemia, epilepsy, respiratory ailments, hepatic and cardiac disorders, and nutritional illnessessuch as kwashiorkor, rickets, wasting and weakness. The leaves are sometimes used to prepare ageneral tonic for improved health and growth. The roots, bark, leaves, stems, twigs and fruits areused to treat digestive disorders. Administration is typically by oral ingestion or as an enema.The roots, bark and ripe or unripe fruits are taken as a laxative or emetic, to treat chronic andacute digestive disorders and against gastric infections.Infections of the genito-urinary tract, particularly venereal diseases, are treated both internallyand externally with preparations of the roots, bark, leaves, stems and twigs. A commercialproduct containing Kigelia africana stem bark is used to treat Candida albicans infections.Sexual complaints such as infertility, poor libido, sexual asthenia and impotence are treated withmedicines containing the fruits, roots or leaves.Commercially manufactured products are used for symptomatic relief or cure of skin conditionsincluding, among others, sunburn, chafing, psoriasis, itchy scalp and nappy rash. A broadspectrumantimicrobial cream, reputedly effective against a number of common microbialinfections, is produced from the stem bark.Powders and infusions of the bark, leaves, stems, twigs or fruits are used to clean and dress fleshwounds and open sores. Many dressings, topical treatments and infusions containing Kigeliaafricana are also used for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The bark, stems,twigs, leaves and fruits are infused and taken orally, or applied locally, to relieve rheumatism,sprains, haematoma and bruising; a decoction of the fruit and bark is used to relieve toothacheand headache.Extracts of the bark, wood, roots and fruits possess antibacterial and antifungal properties. Theseextracts exhibit significant inhibitory effects in vitro against common Gram-negative and Grampositivebacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans. Of the naphthoquinones isolated in fruit androot extracts, kigelinone has shown notable antimicrobial activity.Kigelia africana is renowned for anti-cancer properties. Fruit and bark extracts have shown52

moderate efficacy against melanotic cell lines and dried fruit elicited lower cytotoxic responsesthan those of fresh fruit, indicating that the active principles may be thermolabile. Thenaphthoquinones lapachol and isopinnatal in some.Naphthoquinones and sterols isolated in root extracts suggest anti-cancer potential, although invitroactivity is not confirmed. From ProtaVINCA ROSA(PERIWINKLE)Code: BHSN-BTH-027Weight: 8 OuncesCATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (Vinca rosa) originates from Madagascar and has more than 400known alkaloids. Some are used by the pharmaceutical industry for the treatment of childhoodleukemia, Hodgkin's disease, testicular cancer and cancerous tumors. Taken as a dailysupplement, it improves the blood supply to the brain, increases oxygen and glucose, helpsprevent abnormal blood coagulation.Extracts of Vinca rosa have significant anticancer activity against numerous cell types. Adecoction of all parts of Vinca rosa is well known as an oral hypoglycemic agent. The decoctionis also taken to treat malaria, dengue fever, diarrhea, diabetes, and cancer and skin diseases.Extracts prepared from the leaves have been applied as antiseptic agents for the healing ofwounds, against hemorrhage and skin rash and as a mouthwash to treat toothache. The aerialparts are also considered diaphoretic and diuretic and decoctions are taken to relieve indigestion,dyspepsia, dysentery, toothache and as an emetic, purgative, vermifuge and depurative. InUganda, an infusion of the leaves is taken to treat stomach ulcers.The aerial parts of the plant are also used for the extraction of the medicinal alkaloids vincristineand vinblastine. The alkaloids are prescribed in anticancer therapy. The dried root is an industrialsource of ajmalicine, which increases the blood flow in the brain and peripheral parts of thebody. It is used to treat the psychological and behavioral problems of senility, sensory problems(dizziness, tinnitus) cranial traumas and their neurological complications.Extract made from the seeds of Vinca major, is known as vinpocetine, is showing effectivenessin treating vascular diseases and brain-centered ailments. From studies on the effects ofvinpocetine on short-term memory that the Vinca major extract does measurably improvesubjects' short-term memory and substantiates the conclusion that vinpocetine has a positivebenefit on short-term memory. Vinca major extract facilitates increased blood flow to the brainthus enhancing oxygen infusion in the brain tissue, enhances the brain's performance. The extract53

also stimulates the blood to release more oxygen to the brain cells. More oxygen benefits brainactivity and enhances the vascular benefit in treating some forms of dementia, includingAlzheimer's.VERNONIAAMYGDALINA(MULULUZA)Code: BHSN-BTH-028Weight: 8 OuncesVERNONIA AMYGDALINAMululuza, in Luganda, is a small shrub that is called bitter leaf in Africa due to its bitter taste.The macerated leaves of the plant are used in making soup while the water extract serves as atonic drink for the prevention of certain illnesses.The leaves have found relevance in traditional medicine as anti-helmint, a laxative herb,treatment of eczemafor its anti-mutagenic activity and as an anti-malarial as the herb is alsoknown as a quinine substitute. Vernonia amygdalina (also call Labwori in Luo language) hasalso been reported for its use by wild chimpanzees for the treatment of parasitic diseases inTanzania.The leaves are used in the treatment of diabetes because of its ability to lower blood sugar levels.Studies have shown that the aqueous extract also significantly reduced triglyceride levels andnormalized cholesterol concentrations. This shows that the aqueous extract of V. amygdalinaleaves have both hypolipidaemic and antioxidant properties. The possible hypocholesterolaemicpotential and antioxidant property of V. amygdalina were investigated for its possible use forprophylaxis and treatment of atherosclerosis commonly found in diabetic diseases.The anticancer activity of organic extracts of V. amygdalina was first reported for humancarcinoma cells of the nasopharynx 34 years ago and recent research studies have elicitedantitumor activities in leukemia cells. In addition, it has been shown to inhibit the growth ofbreast cancer cells and shows promise for use as an agent to prevent or delay the onset of breastcancer and the herb's use as an alternative to Tamoxifen. By comparison, V. amygdalina is morethan 17 times more potent than the most previously reported potent plant crude extracts onhuman breast cancerous cell growth and more than 170 times more potent than the least potent ofthe plant extracts previously reported by others. Furthermore, extracts from V. amygdalina havealso been suggested to have inhibitory effects on prostate cancer cell lines with no effect onnormal human blood cells.Nigerian Journal Of Physiological Sciences 20 (1-2): 39-42@ Physiological Society Of Nigeria,200554

HARRISONIAABYSSINICABARKS ANDROOTS POWDERCode: BHSN-BTH-029Weight: 8 Ounceshttp://www.mozambiqueflora.comHARRISONIA ABYSSINICA of the family Simaroubaeae, is a small bush or tree native toEast, Central and Southern Africa. Traditionally, H. Abyssinica is used for stomach complaints,menstrual problems and infertility. The stem bark contains a high number of sterols andketosteroids. The root bark contains compounds called limonoids. The term limonoids wasderived from limonin which are generally present in citrus fruits. Compounds belonging to thisgroup have exhibited a range of biological activities like insecticidal, insect antifeedant andgrowth regulating activity on insects as well as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer,antiviral and a number of other pharmacological activities on humans. It has reported in theliterature that H. abyssinica inhibits 90–100% of Mycobacteria spp. such as M. avium, M.chelonae and M. intracellulare.Throughout tropical Africa the root powder or a root decoction or infusion is taken to treatvenereal diseases, fever and malaria, diarrhoea, urinary problems and intestinal worms. Lessoften a leaf and twig decoction is used for these purposes. In Ghana pounded and boiled root istaken to treat cough and whooping cough. In Ethiopia the Shinasha (Boro) people use adecoction of roots to treat dysmenorrhoea. In Kenya a root decoction is drunk as a remedy fordizziness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, bubonic plague, swollen testicles and tuberculosis. It isalso taken to induce abortion. The Nyamwezi people swallow the smoke from burning root barkto treat hookworm infections. The roots and bark are crushed and soaked in water and drunk topurify and strengthen the body. In Kenya and Tanzania a root decoction is drunk in the treatmentof cancer. The root is also used as a rubefacient. In Uganda a root infusion is drunk to treatsnakebites, hernia and is used as nose drops to treat insanity. The root powder is applied toincisions to treat migraine. In Uganda Harrisonia abyssinica is planted to protect the garden andhouse against bad spirits.Throughout tropical Africa crushed leaves, a leaf decoction or infusion are used as a wash todisinfect wounds and abscesses. A root decoction is used for this purpose by the Shinasha peopleof Ethiopia. In Togo a leaf decoction is drunk to treat diabetes. In Kenya a decoction of leavesand twigs is drunk to treat haemorrhoids. The Nyamwezi people apply the pulped leaves tosnakebites. Leaf sap is drunk to treat general body pain. In Tanzania a hot leaf decoction isprepared as an inhalation to treat headache. In Uganda a root decoction is used in the treatmentof livestock against east coast fever and lumpy skin disease.The methanolic and water extracts from the stem bark showed moderate antiplasmodial activityin vitro, and low toxicity in the brine shrimp toxicity test. Crude and methanolic root extractsshowed significant in-vitro antibacterial activity against different strains of Helicobacter pylori.55

Root bark and twig extract showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcusaureus in vitro and moderate activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the bacteria responsible forthe disease gonorrhoea.,Numerous studies have shown an association between increased prevalence of HIV infection andthe occurrence of opportunistic fungal infections. Among the different HIV-associated fungalinfections, oral mucosal lesions caused by Candida species are by far the most frequentmanifestation. Candida albicansis the most causative agent, accounts for more than 90% of casesin sub Saharan Africa, where 70% of the world cases of HIV/AIDS are found. Oral candidiasis,including oropharyngeal and oesophageal candidiasis, are very common, causing significantmorbidity among patients. Reports from laboratory testing of the antifungal activities of H.abyssinica have demonstrated its use as an effective antifungal treatment for Candida albicansis.Emongor, V.E., 2008. Harrisonia abyssinica Oliv. In: Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A.(Editors). Prota 11(1): Medicinal plants/Plantes médicinales 1.MAYTENUSSENEGALENSISCode: BHSN-BTH-030Weight: 8 OuncesFamily: CelastraceaeSynonyms: Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes.Parts Used: Leaves, Roots, Stems, BarkMAYTENUS SENEGALENSIS (Lam.) Exell, called the thorny staff tree is a shrub or tree,growing in the semi desert regions of both Asia and Africa. Its roots and bark are traditionallyused in the folk medicine of some African regions for the treatment of a number of ailments,including chest pains, rheumatism, snakebites, diarrhoea, eye infection, and dyspepsia(indigestion). It is also used as an antibacterial, antimicrobial and antibiotic. An extract of theroots and barks is used for severe headaches, an analgesic, for skin rashes, muscle spasms,excessive sweating, fevers, parasitic intestinal infections, as an anti-inflammatory, for arthritisand muscle pain, for nausea, vomiting and diarrhea The leaves are used for malaria, yellowfever, and tryanosomiasis. It is also used for fertility problems, venereal diseases, pneumonia,epilepsy, and as a tonic. In Luganda, it is called Naligwalimu. Following the traditional use ofthe plant in Sudan, Kenya or Tanzania, it was demonstrated that leaf, root and stem bark extractsof M. senegalensis possess in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, and antibacterial activities.56

Folk Medicinal UsesRoots of the related Maytenus senegalensis chipped into beer have been used in Zambia as anaphrodisiac. The roots, which are slightly bitter, are also mildly laxative and are used in variousparts of tropical Africa for gastro-intestinal troubles, especially dysentery and a poultice of thegreen leaves has been put on sores in Tanzania.Maytenus senegalensis is a potential alternative chemotherapeutic agent of Schistosomamansoni. The activity of the plant has been show to be directly proportional to the concentrationof plant extracts. However, higher concentrations of the plant extracts should be used for asimilar work, in addition to identification of the schistosomacidal compounds (active ingredients)of the plant.Screening studies on antitumor properties of the root and stem extracts revealed in vitrocytotoxic activity against carcinoma cells and in vivo antileukemia effects.Interestingly, plants of the genus Maytenus are used in South America to prepare infusions ordecoctions as anti-inflammatory and analgesic remedies for oral and/or topical administration.Evidence for the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of M. senegalensis root extracts has beenscientifically established. Such extracts contain maytenoic acid, which was found to be an antiinflammatorytriterpene twice as active as the NSAID indomethacin and only three times lessactive than hydrocortisone.M. senegalensis roots could be employed in therapeutic preparations for the treatment ofinflammatory-based diseases. The plant material can be also regarded as a source of the potentanti-inflammatory principle, maytenoic acid.Chemical ConstituentsThe Celastraceae family is a source of important bioactive secondary metabolites. Alkaloidamines such as cathine often occur in this botanical family as also, rarely, benzylisoquinolidealkaloids. Celastraceae members are commonly tanniferous, containing anthocyanins, sometimessaponiferous, only rarely cyanogenic and without iridoid compounds. Among the compoundsisolated from their species, triterpenes and triterpenoid quinonemethides are of great interest dueto their wide range of biological activities. Constituents as β-amyrin, lupane derivatives andquinoid pigments are considered typical of the Celastraceae family members. Compoundsisolated from the Maytenus genus include the ansa macrolide, maytansine, and relatedmacrolides such as normaytansine, maytanprine and maytanbutine. Two of the more well-knownchemicals are mayteine and maytansine - alkaloids long documented (since the 1960s) withantitumor activitity and which occur in other Maytenus plants as well. Other isolated compoundsinclude spermidine alkaloids (celacinnine and celallocinine) and nicotinoyl sesquiterpenealkaloids (maytoline and maytolidine) as well as catechin, procyanidins and phenoldienonetriterpenoids.Sources: “Anti-inflammatory activity of Maytenus senegalensis root extracts and of maytenoicacid”, Sosa, S.; Morelli, C.F.; Tubaro, A.; Cairoli, P.; Speranza, G.; Manitto, P.; Feb 1, 2007;Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology."Maytenus heterophylla and Maytenus senegalensis, Two Traditional Herbal Medicines"; G daSilva, R Serrano, O Silva; iMed.UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. GamaPinto, 1649-019 Lisboa, Portugal; 2011, Volume 2, Issue 1, Page 59-65, DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.8232057

Photo: Bart Wursten Ndundu Lodge, VumbaSARSAPARILLA ROOT(SMILAXANCEPS)Code: BHSN-BTH-033Weight: 8OuncesSARSAPARILLA ROOT belongs to several families containing about 200 different herbs.Jamaica Sarsaparilla (Smilax ornata in the Liliaceae family) was introduced in the middle of thesixteenth century as a remedy for syphilis, and later came to be used for chronic rheumatism.Sarsaparilla is very useful as a tonic, alterative (gradually improves health and endurance),diaphoretic (increases sweating) and diuretic (increases urination.) Its active principle is acrystalline body, parillin or smilacin. It is a valuable herb used in glandular balance formulas. Itsstimulating properties are noted for increasing the metabolic rate. Various Smilax species areused to treat infections and inflammation--especially those affecting the skin and intestines--inmany countries including India, China, Europe, the United States, Brazil, Guatemala, SaudiArabia and Africa.All the Sarsaparillas have medicinal properties and can be used in the same way. Sarsaparilla isefficacious in proportion to its acrid taste. The properties reside chiefly in the cortex, though thebark is generally used. The name Smilax was used by the Greeks to denote a poisonous tree –others derive the name from Smile, i.e. a cutting or scratching implement, in allusion to therough prickles on the stemSimilax in China is taken in decoction for boils and abscesses,rheumatoid arthritis, urinary tract infection, enteritis, diarrhea and as an antidote to mercurialpoisoning -- nearly the same indications as sarsaparilla.In many different cultures they have been used for the same conditions, namely gout, arthritis,fevers, digestive disorders, skin disease, and venereal disease (gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes),virility, infertility, menopausal problems in women, aphrodisiacs, leprosy, eczema, bruises,ulcers, boils, abscesses, urinary tract infections, and rheumatism and psoriasis. With itsreputation as a blood purifier, sarsaparilla was registered as an official herb in the U.S.Pharmacopoeia as a syphilis treatment from 1820 to 1910. The effectiveness of smilax in thetreatment of skin disorders, such as the acne of adolescence caused by raging androgens, hasreceived some experimental support.Flavonoids in sarsaparilla have been documented to have immune modulation and liverprotective activities. Sarsaparilla root attacks and neutralizes microbial substances in thebloodstream through its antibiotic activity. By acting as a diuretic and diaphoretic (promotesperspiration), sarsaparilla encourages excretion of toxins and waste materials and acts as anantidote for various poisons.Evidence seems to support sarsaparilla as an endotoxin binder. Endotoxins are cell wall58

constituents of bacteria that are absorbed from the gut. Normally, the liver filters out these andother gut-derived compounds before they reach the general circulation. If the amount ofendotoxin absorbed is excessive or if the liver is not functioning adequately, the liver canbecome overwhelmed, and endotoxins will spill into the blood. If endotoxins are allowed tocirculate, activation of the alternate complement system occurs. This system plays a critical rolein aggravating inflammatory processes, and activation of complement is responsible for much ofthe inflammation and cell damage that occurs in many diseases, including gout, arthritis, andpsoriasis.Binding of endotoxin in the gut is associated with clinical improvement in these individuals. In acontrolled study of ninety-two patients, an endotoxin-binding saponin [sarsaponin] fromsarsaparilla greatly improved the psoriasis in 62% of the patients and resulted in completeclearance in 18%. In further support of sarsaparilla's effects as a binder of endotoxin is itshistorical use in the treatment of fever, as absorbed endotoxins produce fever. From the limitedinformation available it appears that sarsaparilla's medicinal effects as it binds bacterialendotoxins in the gut, rendering them unabsorbable. This greatly reduces stress on the liver andother organs and is probably responsible for sarsaparilla's historical use as a tonic and bloodpurifier. This ability to bind endotoxins is also the probable reason why sarsaparilla is reported tobe effective in many cases of psoriasis, gout, and arthritis.Heavy metallic contaminants in the blood can be extracted from the system with the judicioususe of sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla exerts strong power over fibers and tissues of the nervous systemthat may be particularly beneficial to those affected by toxic chemicals.Sarsaparilla has been extensively used in the food industry as a flavour component and foamingagent in root beer, frozen dairy desserts, candy and baked goods. Sarsaparilla is now also used toflavour and mask the taste of medicines.http://homeoresearch.blogspot.com/2011/10/sarsaparilla-officinalis.htmlCode Name Weight PriceBHSN-AHF-001BHSN #1 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - DETOX MIX - (88.00 $20.00OUNCES)BHSN-AHF-002BHSN #2 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HERBAL TONIC8.00 $25.00MIX (8 OUNCES)BHSN-AHF-003BHSN #3 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - MALARIA MIX (88.00 $25.00OUNCES)BHSN-AHF-004BHSN #4 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - FEME MIX (88.00 $25.00OUNCES)BHSN-AHF-005BHSN #5 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - BP MIX (88.00 $25.00OUNCES)BHSN-AHF-006 BHSN #6 - AFRICAN HERBAL 8.00 $25.0059

BHSN-AHF-007BHSN-AHF-008BHSN-AHF-009BHSN-AHF-010BHSN-AHF-011BHSN-AHF-012BHSN-AHF-014BHSN-AHF-015BHSN-AHF-016BHSN-AHF-017BHSN-AHF-018BHSN-AHF-019BHSN-AHF-020BHSN-AHF-021BHSN-AHF-022BHSN-AHF-023TEA MIX - DIA-B MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN #7 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - RESPIRATORY MIX(8 OUNCES)BHSN #8 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - ANTI-VIRAL MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN #9 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - ANTI-TUMOUR/CANCER MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN #10 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - IMMUNOBOOSTERMIX (8 OUNCES)BHSN #11 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - BLOOD CLEANSERMIX (8 OUNCES)BHSN #12 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - WEIGHT LOSS MIX(8 OUNCES)BHSN #14 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - DIGESTIVE MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN #15 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - EPI/CNS MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN #16 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - GOUT MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN #17 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - STD MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN #18 - AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX -ARTHRITIS/RHEUMATISMMIX (8 OUNCES)BHSN #19 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HEPI MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN#20 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - UTI MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN#21 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - FIBROID MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN#22 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX -FERTI-FEME MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN#23 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - MUSCLE PAIN MIX8.00 $25.008.00 $20.008.00 $25.008.00 $20.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.0060

BHSN-AHF-024BHSN-AHF-025BHSN-AHF-026BHSN-AHF-027BHSN-AHF-029BHSN-AHF-030BHSN-AHF-031BHSN-AHF-032BHSN-BKS-0002BHSN-BTH-001BHSN-BTH-002BHSN-BTH-003BHSN-BTH-004BHSN-BTH-005BHSN-BTH-006BHSN-BTH-007BHSN-BTH-009(8 OUNCES)BHSN#24 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - GOITER/THYROMIX (8 OUNCES)BHSN#25 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - SICKLE CELL MIX(8 OUNCES)BHSN#26 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HEART MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN#27 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - DIPSOMNIA MIX(SUBSTANCE ABUSE) (8OUNCES)BHSN#29 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - PARA MIX(PARALYSIS) (8 OUNCES)BHSN#30 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HERNIA MIX (8OUNCES)BHSN#31 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - HEMO MIX(HEMORRHOIDS) (8OUNCES)BHSN#32 AFRICAN HERBALTEA MIX - SKIN DISEASES (8OUNCES)AFRICAN MEDICINE - E-Bookby E-MailCAYENNE PEPPER(CAPSICUM FRUTESCENCE)- 8 OUNCESKOLA NUT (BISSY) POWDER -8 OUNCESCERASEE (MOMORDICACHARANTIA) - 8 OUNCESBOMBO LEAVES(MOMORDICA FOETIDA) - 8OUNCESGRAVIOLA (ANNONAMICRANTA) - 8 OUNCESGOTU KOLA LEAVES(CENTELLA ASIATICA) - 8OUNCESNEEM LEAVES(AZADIRACHTA INDICA)POWDER - 8 OUNCESWILD AFRICAN BASIL(OMUJAAJA) OCIMUM SPP. -8 OUNCES8.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.08.00 $25.008.00 $25.008.00 $25.000.00 $12.958.00 $8.008.00 $10.008.00 $10.008.00 $6.008.00 $10.008.00 $10.008.00 $9.008.00 $8.0061

BHSN-BTH-010BHSN-BTH-012BHSN-BTH-013BHSN-BTH-014BHSN-BTH-015BHSN-BTH-016BHSN-BTH-017BHSN-BTH-018BHSN-BTH-019BHSN-BTH-021BHSN-BTH-023BHSN-BTH-024BHSN-BTH-025BHSN-BTH-026BHSN-BTH-026-1BHSN-BTH-027BHSN-BTH-028BHSN-BTH-029BHSN-BTH-030BHSN-BTH-033MORINGA LEAVES(POWDER) (MORINGAOLEIFERA) - 8 OUNCESLANTANA CAMARA - C/S,POWDER - 8 OUNCESEUCALYPTUS LEAVES(EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS) -8 OUNCESSPANISH NEEDLE (BIDENSPILOSA) - 8 OUNCESWARBURGIA UGANDENSISBARK POWDER - 8 OUNCESPRUNUS AFRICANUS BARKPOWDER - 8 OUNCESKATAZAMITI (BRIDELIAMICRANTHA) POWDER - 8OUNCESSPILANTHES MAURITIANAC/S POWDER - 8 OUNCESPLANTAIN LEAVES, WHOLEPLANT, (PLANTAGO MAJOR)C/S POWDER 8 OUNCESCASSIA ALATA / SENNALEAVES (OMUCHULA)POWDER, C/S - 8 OUNCESGUAVA LEAVES (PSIDIUMGUAJAVA), C/S, POWDER - 8OUNCESPAPAYA LEAF C/S POWDER -8 OUNCESCHINESE LANTERN(NTUNTUNU)(DICHROSTACHYS CINEREA)KIGELIA AFRICANA (LEAVES& STEMS) POWDER - 8OUNCESKIGELIA AFRICANA (FRUITCHIPS) - 8 OUNCESVINCA ROSA (PERIWINKLE)C/S POWDER - 8 OUNCESVERNONIA AMYGDALINA(MULULUZA) C/S POWDER - 8OUNCESHARRISONIA ABYSSINICABARKS AND ROOTSPOWDER - 8 OUNCESMAYTENUS SENEGALENSISC/S POWDER - 8 OUNCESSARSAPARILLA ROOT(SMILAX ANCEPS) POWDER -8.00 $11.008.00 $6.008.00 $6.008.00 $7.008.00 $12.008.00 $12.008.00 $6.008.00 $8.008.00 $7.008.00 $12.008.00 $10.008.00 $12.008.00 $8.008.00 $9.008.00 $12.008.00 $6.008.00 $9.008.00 $12.008.00 $8.008.00 $12.0062

8 OUNCESBHSN-GNS-01FINGER MILLET FLOUR(ELEUSINE CORACANA L.16.00 $5.00AFRICANA)BHSN-GNS-02SORGHUM FLOUR(SORGHUM BICOLOR)16.00 $5.00BHSN-GNS-03 SIM-SIM (SESSAME SEEDS) 16.00 $5.00BHSN-GNS-04TRADITIONAL ROASTEDGROUNDNUT PASTE16.00 $5.00W/SIMSIMBHSN-GNS-05MORINGA SEED POWDER -(MORINGA OLEIFERA)8.00 $10.00BHSN-GNS-06BLACK SEED / POWDER - 8OUNCES8.00 $9.00BLACKHERBALS'BHSN-HES-01TRADITIONAL AFRICAN16.00 $15.00HONEY (1 POUND)BHSN-SC-02STAR ANISE FRUIT POWDER(ILLICIUM VERUM)8.00 $10.00BHSN-SC-03CINNAMON (CINNAMOMUMZEYLANICUM)8.00 $6.00BLACKHERBALS 100%BHSN-TO-01NATURAL BLACK CASTOR8.00 $10.00OIL - MADE IN UGANDABHSN-TO-03BLACKHERBALS 100%NATURAL SHEA BUTTER4.00 $10.00BHSN-TO-07FRANKINCENSE (BOSWELLIASPP) RESIN4.00 $10.00Please email us store@blackherbals.com if you have any suggestions,questions or concerns.Prices Effective May 201463