EUCALYPTUSLEAVES(EUCALYPTUSGLOBULUS)Code: BHSN-BTH-013Weight: 8 OuncesEUCALYPTUS GLOBULUSVernacular names Blue gum, Tasmanian blue gum, southern blue gum, fever tree (En).Gommier bleu, arbre à fièvre (Fr). Gomeiro azul, eucalipto <strong>com</strong>um (Po). Mkaratusi (Sw).Origin and geographic distribution Eucalyptus globulus is naturally distributed in Tasmaniaand south-eastern Australia, but is now widely planted and naturalized in subtropical regionsaround the world. In tropical Africa it is found in cool highland regions, especially in Ethiopia,where it was introduced around 1890.. The Australian Aborigines used the leaves as a remedyfor fevers. Eucalyptus is very prevalent in Uganda.In African traditional medicine, an infusion or decoction of the leaves is taken, or appliedexternally in baths, lotions or enemas, against asthma, bronchitis, tonsillitis, colds, urinaryproblems and haemorrhages. The vapour of boiled dried leaves is inhaled against asthma,cough, flu, croup and diphtheria, or fine leaf powder is inhaled. In Sudan a decoction of theleaves is drunk to treat malaria and in Madagascar the leaves are heated and the vapour inhaledagainst this disease. Powdered or bruised leaves or a leaf decoction are applied on abscesses andwounds. A paste of powdered leaves is rubbed in against rheumatism. In Kenya a leaf decoctionis used in a bath to treat chickenpox in children. In Ethiopia a leaf extract is gargled fortreatment of meningitis. In southern Africa the leaves are used against stomach-ache. Gum resinfrom the plant is used against diarrhoea. Various leaf preparations are used as insect repellent,and in Kenya the fresh or dried leaves are used for controlling snails.Eucalyptus is also used for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension and cardiac diseases. In LatinAmerica and the West Indies, a tea of the leaves is used for asthma, bronchitis and diabetes. Arefreshing bath of the tea is good for pains, colds and chest congestion. The leaves can besimmered in an open pot and the vapors inhaled for sinus, hay fever, colds and chest congestion.The tea is also used as an antiseptic dressing for wounds, sores and open ulcers. The driedleaves strewn around the house will keep away insects and deodorize and purify the air.Simmering in a pot has the same effect. The fresh leaves can be chewed to strengthen teeth andharden the gums.Leaf extracts have shown antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects. Water extracts of theleaf have shown antihyperglycaemic and molluscicidal activities. Ether extracts of the leafshowed anthelmintic activity against Strongyloides stercoralis and Ancylostoma spp. Adecoction of the leaves had in-vivo diuretic activity in rats. An ethanol extract of the leaf and adecoction of the seed have shown in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity in mice and rats.Euglobals from the leaf have shown anti-inflammatory effects, inhibitory effects on the34
activation of Epstein-Barr virus and anti-tumour activity. Powdered leaves and leaf extractsprovide protection against the pulse storage pest Callosobruchus maculatus. The leaves containtannins (ellagitannin, gallotannin and catechin derivatives) and flavonoids (flavone glycosideswith the aglycones quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol and rutin).Eucalyptus globulus is recordedto have allelopathic effects on undergrowth and crops near the tree.Vaughan, G., 2008. Eucalyptus globulus Labill. [Internet] Record from Protabase. Louppe, D., Oteng-Amoako, A.A. & Brink, M. (Editors). PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa / Ressources végétalesde l’Afrique tropicale), Wageningen, NetherlandsSPANISHNEEDLE(BIDENSPILOSA)Code: BHSN-BTH-014Weight: 8OuncesBIDENS PILOSAFamily: Asteraceae (Compositae)Vernacular names Black jack, cobbler’s pegs, hairy beggarticks, Spanish needles (En).Kichoma mguu, kichoma nguo (Sw).Origin and geographic distribution Bidens pilosa is a cosmopolitan weed, originating fromSouth America and <strong>com</strong>mon in all tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In Africa Bidenspilosa is recorded as a weed in many countries. It is reported as a vegetable or potherb amongothers in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Côte d’ Ivoire, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, DR Congo, Kenya,Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. It is consideredone of the most noxious annual weeds in East Africa. It often be<strong>com</strong>es dominant after theeradication of perennial grasses, and displays allelopathic effects on a number of crops.Uses: In sub-Saharan Africa, the fresh or dried tender shoots and young leaves are used as a leafvegetable especially in times of food scarcity. It is an ingredient of sauces ac<strong>com</strong>panying thestaple food. The leaves are, fresh or after parboiling, dried in the sun and stored as powder forthe dry season. In Uganda, the leaves are boiled in sour milk. Old leaves are not suitable forconsumption because they have a bitter astringent taste.Bidens pilosa is used as a medicinal plant in many regions of Africa, Asia and tropical America.Roots, leaves and seed have been reported to possess antibacterial, antidysenteric, anti-35
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- Page 37 and 38: ml in vitro.In Nanyuki, Kenya, Bide
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- Page 47 and 48: East, and Africa.It is believed tha
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