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The Recreational Use of <strong>Cannabis</strong> 217Patterns of Recreational UseBerke and Hernton (1977) undertook a questionnaire survey of 522 Britishcannabis users in the 1970s. Those surveyed were mainly young (16—25 years old) and predominantly students or recent graduates, although191 (37%) were unemployed at the time of the survey. Most had usedcannabis for at least 1 year, and about a third had been regular users formore than 5 years. The principal reasons they gave for starting to usecannabis were curiosity and social pressure. When asked why they continuedto use cannabis the most common reasons given social uplift(pleasure, enjoyment, relaxation, increased sociability) (306 responses), acheap and harmless alternative to alcohol and other drugs (167 responses),increased awareness and understanding (131 responses). Andsome said quite simply that they liked it (128 responses).More recently the IDMU survey of regular cannabis users in Britainrevealed a wide range of patterns of use (Atha and Blanchard, 1997;House of Lords, 1998). The average rate of consumption was 25-30 gper month (about 1 ounce). The average spliff contains 150- 200 mg ofcannabis resin, so average use equates to around 150-200 joints permonth, or 5-7 each day. But the average figure conceals a wide range oflevels of consumption; the median figure was 14 g per month. Amongthose admitting use more than once a day, the average consumption was66 g of resin per month. The maximum levels of consumption reportedwere 150-200 g per month. The wide range of consumption levels isillustrated in Figure 6.2 and 6.3. It is clear that the great majority of usersconsume less than 15 g of resin per month and many do not take thedrug on a daily basis. Herbal cannabis usually contains less THC, soconsumption is higher, averaging 57 g per month. The wide range ofcannabis consumption resembles that of alcohol, which is also consumedover a wide range of intakes, whereas the large majority of cigarettesmokers fall within a narrow range of 15-40 cigarettes a day.Neil Montgomery, a social anthropologist from Edinburgh, Scotland,gave evidence to the House of Lords (1998). He divided recreationalcannabis users into three categories:
218 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANADistribution of monthly cannabis useFigure 6.2. Distribution of monthly cannabis consumption in a group of2469 regular cannabis users in Britain, surveyed between 1994 and 1997by the Independent Drug Monitoring Unit. Data provided to the House ofLords <strong>Cannabis</strong> Report (1998). Reprinted with permission from I.D.M.U.• Casual: Irregular use, in amount of up to 1 g resin at a time to anannual total of no more than 28 g (1 ounce).• Regular: Regular use, typically 3-4 smokes of a joint or pipe a day,equivalent to about 14 g of cannabis resin ( l /z ounce) per month.• Heavy: Only about 5% of total users, but they are more or less permanentlystoned, using more than 3.5 g of resin per day and 28 g (1ounce) or more each week.His figures, based on his own research with more than 200 cannabisusers, are consistent with those provided by the IDMU. Montgomerypoints out:
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The Science°fMarijuana
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TheScienceofMarijuanaLeslie L. Iver
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ForewordSOLOMON H. SNYDERMore than
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The Science of Marijuanaviimore dan
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XTHE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANAAmerican v
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X/VTHE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANASome Phy
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xviTHE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANASoutheas
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varijuana (cannabis) is among the m
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Figure 1.1. Engravings showing the
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10 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANANameMari
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Introduction 13of September Hemp ri
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Introduction 15joint has been smoke
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Introduction 17this in a normal tob
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Introduction 19hemp was cultivated
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Introduction 21persuaded Hayder to
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Introduction 23were happy about thi
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Introduction 25The book captured th
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Introduction 27colorful accusations
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2The Pharmacology of THC,the Psycho
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The Pharmacology of THC 31into aque
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The Pharmacology of THC 33Marshall'
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The Pharmacology of THC 35Adams's c
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The Pharmacology of THC 37and nucle
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The Pharmacology of THC 39pany labo
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The Pharmacology of THC 41aspirin-l
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The Pharmacology of THC 43The prese
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The Pharmacology of THC 45the canna
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The Pharmacology of THC 47for many
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The Pharmacology of THC 49Figure 2.
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The Pharmacology of THC 51number of
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The Pharmacology ofTHC 55Table 2.1.
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The Pharmacology ofTHC 57Figure 2.9
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The Pharmacology ofTHCC59that might
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The Pharmacology ofTHC 61periphery.
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The Pharmacology of THC 63of PSM to
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The Pharmacology of THC 65in the re
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The Pharmacology of THC 67effect no
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The Pharmacology of THC 69counts. T
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The Pharmacology of THC 71may somet
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The Pharmacology of THC 73and barki
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3The Effects of Cannabis on theCent
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The Effects of Cannabis on the Cent
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The Effects ofCannabis on the Centr
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The Effects ofCannabis on the Centr
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118 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANAthat th
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Cannabis has been used as a medicin
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124 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANA1842).
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Figure 4.3. Double-blind, placebo c
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162 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANAparticu
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764 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANAthan 10
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276 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANAcare us
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278 THE SCIENCE OF MARIJUANAWu, T.
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280 INDEXCannabisdebate, 240-68in E
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282 INDEXNabilone, 40, 40f, 139-40,
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