Managing Pines for Profit and Wildlife - Virginia Department of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

One step the Virginia Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries istaking to address early-successional species declines is the implementationof the Bobwhite Quail Management Plan (WildlifeInformation Publication 96-1). Though titled the Bobwhite QuailManagement Plan, the practices carried out as part of this planhelp all early-successional wildlife. This plan focuses on promotingmanagement practical on today’s landscape. With such dramaticdeclines in populations, only large-scale, landscape levelmanagement practices have a chance at reversing the declines.One landscape level strategy outlined in Virginia’s quail planconcentrates on getting the most for early-successional wildlifeout of the Old Dominion’s pine plantations. These lands representnearly 10% (1.5 million acres) of the state’s timberland. Duringthe five years preceding the most recent inventory, planted pineacreage increased 25 percent. Concentrated in Virginia’s easternthird, an area of extraordinary quail habitat potential, these pineplantations lie waiting to provide a boon for species in trouble.With a few minor adjustments in timber management strategies,you can help reverse the declines in early-successionalwildlife species. There are basically five decisions landownersmust make when managing pine 1) how to prepare a site forreplanting, 2) what planting density should be used, 3) how torelease the pines from competition, 4) how to thin the standswhen they reach proper age/size, and 5) how to manage thestand after thinning. ALL these decisions have impacts onwildlife populations.Site PreparationThe first decision involves site preparation after harvest. Alandowner must decide how to treat a site before planting. Thebest scenario for quail and other wildlife is preparation by burning.Alone, burning can accomplish a great deal, but is enhanced bysoil disturbance techniques such as pre-burn drum chopping, orwindrowing. During the first few years after site preparation,these sites will produce an abundance of forage. Legumes will becommon. Grasses won’t be too thick and insects will be readilyavailable to turkey, quail, songbirds and their young.Why are insects important? Recent studies demonstrated thatquail chicks not getting an adequate supply of insects in their dietgrew poorly, developed feathers slowly and had low survivalrates. The same is true for turkey poults and all songbirds. Insectsare critical! Insects make up 95% of a quail chick’s diet its firsttwo weeks of life. It is not difficult then, to see why hens willmove their broods long distances to find good, insect-rich broodFour
# Birds & Bird SpeciesInsect Biomass (g/ac)Insect Density (Thousands)25201510# Birds# Species500 5 10 15 20 25STAND AGEAverage Number of Birds and BirdSpecies in Various Aged LoblollyPine Plantations — The number ofbirds and the diversity of bird speciesin loblolly pine plantations isgreatest in young stands and declinesas canopy closure occurs.This is directly tied to a decline inunderstory vegetation density. Athinning (age 15-20) would markedlyincrease the number of birdsusing the stand.806060504040302020Biomass10Density000 5 10 15 20 25STAND AGE▲For five to seven years young pine plantationsoffer quail nesting and brood rearing cover. Quail chicksneed overhead cover but vegetation must be open atground level so they can stalk and catch insects easily.(Photo Melissa McGaw, N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission)Biomass and Density of Insects inVarious Aged Loblolly Pine Plantations— Young birds need an abundantsupply of insects to thrive andsurvive. Insect abundance in loblollypine plantations increases initiallybut begins to decline as canopyclosure occurs. This is directly relatedto the decline of lush herbaceousgrowth in the stand.Five
Page 1 and 2: Wildlife Information Publication No
Page 3 and 4: MANAGING PINES FORPROFIT AND WILDLI
Page 5: % COVERAGE100806040OverstoryGround2
Page 9 and 10: Overstocked stands can beprecommerc
Page 11 and 12: VOLUME(thousands of board feet)▲C
Page 13 and 14: The Effect of ThinningBACKGROUND -
Page 15 and 16: (Photo Steve Capel)(Photo Dwight Dy
Page 17 and 18: (Photo Jim Mehring)Best Management
Page 19 and 20: COST-SHARE PROGRAMS FOR MANAGING FO

Managing Pines for Profit and Wildlife - Virginia Department of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?