Growing Grapes in WV - West Virginia Department of Agriculture

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Geneva Double Curtain:This system utilizes a 4-footcross arm on the trellis todouble the amount of canopyper row and a single wireabout 3 feet high to supportthe trunk (Fig. 1). Vines aretrained to alternate sides ofthe 6-foot high trellis. Eachvine has a 6-8 foot cordon(permanent branch on eitherside of the main trunk,or trunks that is secured by two to four wraps around the support wirewith a wire tie at its end. Each cordon has 10-12 short (4-6 bud) canesevenly spaced along its length. A renewal spur should be kept as nextyear's replacement for each of the short canes.Four Arm Kniffin: This system utilizes two wires at 3 and 6 feet fromthe orchard floor (Fig. 2).At pruning, four canes andfour renewal spurs shouldbe retained. The canesshould originate a few inchesbelow the wire they are tobe trained on and be 8-12nodes long. Two to 6 canesmay be retained dependingon variety, can vigor and vinespacing.Umbrella Kniffin: This systemuses the same trellis as thefour arm Kniffin; however,the canes all originate fromthe head or top of the vine(Fig.3). The top of the vineshould reach to 6-12 inchesblow the top wire. From thishead region, one to six canesof 8-15 buds are bent sharplyover the top wire and tieddown to the lower wire. Each cane retained should have a renewalspur retained nearby on the head of the vine.-14-
Bilateral Cordon: This systemis similar to the Geneva doublecurtain only it is a single curtain(Fig. 4). In this system the mainvine is trained up to the top wireand two cordons are trainedout from it toward the adjacentvines. Each cordon is three tofour feet long and has 5-6 shortcanes or spurs that can besummer tied to the lower wireif needed. The cordon should also have an equal number of renewalspurs spaced along its length.Two-Wire Vertical Trellisfor GrapesThe basic two-wire trellis is 5feet high and is designed mainlyfor the four-cane kniffin system.Single-span brace or tie-backassemblies may be used. Wirespacing from the ground up is 30and 28 inches. Line post spacing is20 to 30 feet. High tensile 200,000PSI 12 1/2 gauge fence and trelliswire tensioned to a minimum of250 pounds can provide adequatesupport for trellis lengths up to4,000 feet. Properly constructedend brace assemblies are a mustfor any grape trellis, but becomemore important as the trellis lengthincreases.General trellis componentspecifications are given in Figure 5.The trellis can also be constructedwith different size posts, number ofwires and post spacings to accommodateheavier fruit loads.The end post in the tie-backbrace assembly is driven at aTrellising-15-30-degree angle from vertical, oppositethe direction of pull of theline wires. For a 58-inch high trellisa 4-inch diameter, 9 foot long postshould be used in unstable soil, an8 foot post in stable soil. The angleto drive the post can be determinedby setting the post vertically atground level and marking a 58-inchheight on the post. Attach a plumbline at this mark and lean the postuntil the plumb line is 32 inches(horizontally) away from the post.The post is driven at this angleuntil the top is 58 inches (vertically)above the ground.The 6-foot long x 4- to 5-inchdiameter tie-back post is drivenvertically to a 4- to 5- foot depth ata 28-inch horizontal distance fromthe plumb line location. With theline wires attached to the tie-backpost 6 inches above ground, theend post, top line wire and horizontalprojection of the two line wiresfrom the tie-back post towardthe end post form an equilateraltriangle.
Page 1: Growing GrapesIN WEST VIRGINIAW e s
Page 4 and 5: Locating the VineyardProper site an
Page 6 and 7: Table 2. The expected ten-year freq
Page 8 and 9: for filling in vacancies in anestab
Page 10 and 11: or medium vineyard is to use awire
Page 12 and 13: weeds controlled with herbicides.Th
Page 14 and 15: 1. The fruit is borne onshoots prod
Page 18 and 19: -16-
Page 20 and 21: HarvestingGrapes should be picked w
Page 22 and 23: are wormy at harvest time. It is ad
Page 24 and 25: Table 3. Summary of grape cultivar
Page 26 and 27: Table3C. Wine CultivarsProductivity
Page 28 and 29: Appendicesw Weather stations are of
Page 30 and 31: Appendix 1a. continuedw x yStation
Page 32 and 33: Appendix 1b. continuedw x y zStatio
Page 34 and 35: Appendix 1c. continuedStations w x

Growing Grapes in WV - West Virginia Department of Agriculture

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