Chapter 4 Investment Climate Study of ASEAN Member ... - ERIA

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Table 4.1. Ten Major Categories of issues to be solved for FDI liberalization and facilitationFDI liberalizationiiiiiiivFDI facilitationvviviiviiiixxRestrictions on foreign entryPerformance requirementsRestrictions on overseas remittances and controls on foreign currency transactionsResttrictions on the movement of people and employment requirementsLack of transparency in policies and regulations concerning investment (institutionalproblems)Complicated and/or delayed procedures with respect to invement-related regulations (implementation problems)Insufficient protection of intellectual propertyrightsLabor regulations and related practices excessively favorable to workersUnderdeveloped infrastructure, shortages human resources, and insufficent invesmentincentivesRestricted competition and pricecontrolsSource: Urata, et al. (2007)190
The four categories of impediments concerning FDI liberalization are i) restrictionson foreign entry, ii) performance requirements, iii) restrictions on overseas remittancesand controls on foreign exchange, and iv) restrictions on the movement of people andemployment requirements. 7Category i) “restrictions on foreign entry”, for instance, includes prohibited orrestricted foreign entry into specific sectors, regulations on maximum foreign ownershipratios (foreign equity participation), joint venture requirements, minimum capitalrequirements, restricted forms of commercial presence (regulations on the forms ofestablishments), restrictions on land ownership by foreign-owned firms. Category ii)“performance requirements” includes local content requirements and exportrequirements/ technology transfer requirements linked with various FDI incentives.Category iii) “restrictions on overseas remittances and controls on foreign currencytransactions” includes restrictions or difficulties in making overseas remittances,restrictions on the possession and use of foreign currencies, difficulties in accessto/exchange of local currencies. The last category among impediments concerning FDIliberalization is iv) “restrictions on the movement of people and employmentrequirements”, which includes difficulties in obtaining and/or renewing necessary visasfor foreign representatives, and requirements on the employment of local people (or7 Category i) corresponds to 1.restrictions on foreign entry and 21.restrictions on foreign ownershipof land in the JMC survey. Similarly, category ii) corresponds to 2.local content requirements,3.export requirements, and 18.technology transfer requirements: category iii) 11.foreign remittances,12.control of foreign exchange, and category iv) 16.employment in the JMC survey.191
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 4Investment Climate Study o
Page 4 and 5: Figure 1.1 FDI Inflows to ASEAN and
Page 6 and 7: Although ASEAN members have been ex
Page 8 and 9: discern the business environment in
Page 11 and 12: The Doing Business Database evaluat
Page 13 and 14: Table 2.2. Components of Ease of Do
Page 15 and 16: may not directly influence the inve
Page 17 and 18: Similarly to the rankings in Doing
Page 19 and 20: Table 2.4. The Most Problematic Fac
Page 21 and 22: PECC (2002) evaluated FDI regimes o
Page 23 and 24: 3.2. The ResultsThe results of our
Page 25 and 26: Examining the average scores for th
Page 27 and 28: Table 3.3. Assessment of Market Acc
Page 29: 4. Assessment of FDI Environments b
Page 33 and 34: terms of institutional problems and
Page 35 and 36: 4.2. The ResultsTable 4.2 summarize
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.3. Investment Climate in AS
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Page 41 and 42: The major problems identified in ma
Page 43 and 44: include a nationality requirement f
Page 45 and 46: To sum up, ASEAN economies as a who
Page 47 and 48: procedures of customs clearance, ar
Page 49 and 50: difficulty of administrative proced
Page 51 and 52: and road and traffic, and insuffici
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Page 55 and 56: Impediments to Foreign Direct Inves
Page 57 and 58: The Sources Used for the Analysis o
Page 59 and 60: Supporting documents(1)ICFTU (2005)
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