Chapter 4 Investment Climate Study of ASEAN Member ... - ERIA

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ambiguity, and sudden and frequent changes of various legal regulations andinstitutions under category v), restrictions on foreign ownership ratios in specificsectors mainly in services sectors and joint venture requirements under category i),and insufficient infrastructure under category ix).Lao PDR (4 incidents, 6 Japanese affiliates)The categories with issues identified are vi) complicated and/or delayedprocedures with respect to investment-related regulations (1) and ix) underdevelopedinfrastructure, shortages of human resources, and insufficient investment incentives(3). Examples include delayed procedures for customs clearance under category vi)and inadequate infrastructure such as road and traffic, and underdevelopment offinancial markets under category ix).Malaysia (55 incidents, 759 Japanese affiliates)The number of incidents increased in categories for FDI facilitation, mainly incategories covering institutional and implementation problems for investment-relatedregulations. As a result, the total number of incidents slightly increased from 53 to 55without change in the number of issues in categories for FDI liberalization. The majorcategories are vi) complicated and/or delayed procedures with respect to investmentrelatedregulations (14), v) lack of transparency in policies and regulations concerninginvestment (13), and ix) underdeveloped infrastructure, shortages of human resources,and insufficient investment incentives (8). Examples include complexity, delays, and208
difficulty of administrative procedures and arbitrary interpretation in implementingregulations under category vi), lack of transparency and instability of regulations andtaxation issues under category v), and difficulty in hiring and securing humanresources due to shortages of management staff and engineers, high turnover ratios,and issues involving investment incentives, and inadequate infrastructure such aselectricity supply and road and traffic under category viii).Myanmar (28 incidents, 10 Japanese affiliates)The total number of incidents did not change from 2008 to 2009. The majorcategories are v) lack of transparency in policies and regulations concerninginvestment (8), vi) complicated and/or delayed procedures with respect to investmentrelatedregulations (7), iii) restrictions on overseas remittances and controls on foreigncurrency transactions (6), and ix) underdeveloped infrastructure, shortages of humanresources, and insufficient investment incentives (5).The examples areunderdevelopment and ambiguity of legal systems, and regulations such as the doubleexchange rates regime, double taxation due to lack of tax treaties, and taxation undercategory v), complexity and delay of administrative procedures such as customsclearance and overseas remittances under category vi), ambiguity and strengthenedregulations on overseas remittances and various controls on foreign currency209
Page 1 and 2: Chapter 4Investment Climate Study o
Page 4 and 5: Figure 1.1 FDI Inflows to ASEAN and
Page 6 and 7: Although ASEAN members have been ex
Page 8 and 9: discern the business environment in
Page 11 and 12: The Doing Business Database evaluat
Page 13 and 14: Table 2.2. Components of Ease of Do
Page 15 and 16: may not directly influence the inve
Page 17 and 18: Similarly to the rankings in Doing
Page 19 and 20: Table 2.4. The Most Problematic Fac
Page 21 and 22: PECC (2002) evaluated FDI regimes o
Page 23 and 24: 3.2. The ResultsThe results of our
Page 25 and 26: Examining the average scores for th
Page 27 and 28: Table 3.3. Assessment of Market Acc
Page 29 and 30: 4. Assessment of FDI Environments b
Page 31 and 32: The four categories of impediments
Page 33 and 34: terms of institutional problems and
Page 35 and 36: 4.2. The ResultsTable 4.2 summarize
Page 37 and 38: Table 4.3. Investment Climate in AS
Page 39 and 40: Fourth, most problems identified ar
Page 41 and 42: The major problems identified in ma
Page 43 and 44: include a nationality requirement f
Page 45 and 46: To sum up, ASEAN economies as a who
Page 47: procedures of customs clearance, ar
Page 51 and 52: and road and traffic, and insuffici
Page 53 and 54: underdevelopment, ambiguity, and su
Page 55 and 56: Impediments to Foreign Direct Inves
Page 57 and 58: The Sources Used for the Analysis o
Page 59 and 60: Supporting documents(1)ICFTU (2005)
Page 61 and 62: investment certificates of foreign-
Page 63 and 64: (Continue)2009-2010 2008-2009Brunei
Page 65 and 66: Lao PDR Total Market accessNT Scree
Page 67 and 68: Vietnam Total Market accessNT Scree
Page 69 and 70: (Continue)Category2009 2008 2005Ind
Page 71 and 72: (Continue)Category2009 20082005Indo

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