Proceedings of a Workshop on the Development ... - World Fish Center

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CATFISH RESEARCH, PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN KENYA 35Lake Basin Development Authority (LBDA),Coast Development Authority, and MasenoUniversity are the key extension serviceproviders. Apart from extension services,some <strong>of</strong> these agencies also conductresearch and train farmers and extensiontechnicians. The government also promotesfish marketing by providing marketinginfrastructure. It also provides sources <strong>of</strong>seed and brood stock and organizes farmerfield days for awareness creation andcapacity building.BREEDING, MULTIPLICATIONCENTERS AND HATCHERIESSeveral government agencies producecatfish seed and brood stock. Sagana FishFarm <strong>of</strong> the Fisheries Department, Sangoroand Kegati Aquaculture Research andDevelopment Center <strong>of</strong> the Kenya Marineand Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI),Moi University Fish Farm and Kibos FishFarm <strong>of</strong> the Lake Basin DevelopmentAuthority (LBDA) are some <strong>of</strong> the centers thatcan host breeding programs. Since 2006,two <strong>of</strong> these centers, namely the Sangoroand Kegati Aquaculture Stations, havebeen running catfish and tilapia breedingprograms with funding from the government<strong>of</strong> Kenya. These breeding programs targetfast growth and survival <strong>of</strong> C. gariepinusand Nile tilapia.Besides breeding centers, the governmenthas over 20 hatcheries or multiplicationcenters scattered across the country.These include LBDA’s five fry productioncenters in the Lake Basin at Yala, Alupe,Chwele, Borabu and Rongo. The FisheriesDepartment has several fry productioncenters, although only a few <strong>of</strong> these areoperational. The Fisheries Department’soperational multiplication centers includethe Wakhungu Fish Farm and demonstrationponds at Murang’a, Kisii, Kisumu, Lutonyi,Yala and Nyamira. The average capacity forfingerling production at these hatcheries isapproximately 140,000 fingerlings per year(Ngugi and Manyala 2000). This is equalto two million fingerlings annually fromthe government centers. Rehabilitation <strong>of</strong>these hatcheries could lead to much higherproduction <strong>of</strong> fingerlings.MARKETING SYSTEMS ANDCHALLENGESMARKETING SYSTEMSThe catfish industry and marketing structureis shown in Figure 2. Fingerlings are soldlive as baitfish or seed for stocking. Theymay be sold at the farm gate directly bythe farmer or by middlemen to other fishfarmers. Nile perch fishers buy them at fishlanding beaches. Table-size fish are soldlive at the farm gate or at market outlets. At250 1.4Production ('000s t)20015010050CaptureAquaculture1.21.00.80.60.40.201982198319841985198619871988198919801981199019911992199419951996199719981999200020011993YearFigure 1: Fish production trends in Kenya during 1980-200520022003200420050
36 PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A GENETIC IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FOR AFRICAN CATFISH CLARIAS GARIEPINUSthe market, catfish are sold as whole fish,in pieces, or semi-processed (i.e. dried,smoked, fried or filleted). Because <strong>of</strong> thedwindling capture fisheries, demand forcatfish products exceeds supply, <strong>of</strong>feringgreat market potential. Prices <strong>of</strong> table-sizecatfish are still good for catfish farmers. Apiece <strong>of</strong> catfish weighing 500 g retails foraround Kshs. 100-150 ($1.50-2.50).A recent survey in the Lake Victoria Basinindicated an overall demand <strong>of</strong> up to 50,000catfish fingerlings per day as Nile perchbait, which equates to an annual demandexceeding 18 million fingerlings (Macharia etal. 2005). At the prevailing prices <strong>of</strong> Kshs 5 –8 (or $0.07 – 0.10) per bait, this represents anNational BreedingCentersMultiplicationCenters/HatcheriesFarmer/BreederGrow-out farmersTable-size marketBait traderNile perch fishersFigure 2: Catfish industry structure in Kenyaindustry worth Kshs. 97 million ($1.4 million).Over two million hooks are used daily in theKenyan portion <strong>of</strong> Lake Victoria (FisheriesDept. 2006) indicating a much highershortfall in the supply <strong>of</strong> catfish fingerlings.Acquisition <strong>of</strong> fingerlings from the wild maydeplete wild stocks because only a limitedportion <strong>of</strong> the required catfish fingerlingsoriginates from farms. Increased production<strong>of</strong> fingerlings from aquaculture could assistin conserving the wild stocks.MARKETING CHALLENGESWithout clear information on marketdynamics, investors may get into marketingproblems. Upcoming catfish farms inKenya need either to diversify or developproduction strategies that correspond tothe dynamism <strong>of</strong> marketing systems. This isbecause the level <strong>of</strong> demand for fingerlings inKenya varies with each season and farmersshould be aware <strong>of</strong> this seasonality to avoidoverproduction. For example, the volume <strong>of</strong>fingerlings sold at the Kibos Fry ProductionCenter from 1994 to 1998 peaked with therainy seasons, i.e. March–May and August–October (Figure 3). This is the time whenfarmers require seed for stocking.Currently, there are no functioning publicprivateproduction ventures in the country.However, partnerships in which private farms<strong>of</strong>fer their facilities to research institutes anduniversities for joint research ventures arebecoming common. This may be a precursorto the establishment <strong>of</strong> meaningful publicprivatecollaborative research.8,0007,000Number <strong>of</strong> fingerlings6,0005,0004,0003,0002,0001,0000Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecMonthFigure 3: Volume and seasonality <strong>of</strong> catfish fingerlings sold at LBDA Kibos Fry Production Center
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