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38 CW360 o Trauma-Informed Child Welfare Practice • Winter 2013Giving a Trauma Lens to Resource ParentsContinued from page 19Invisible Suitcase.” This exercise invites parentsto examine what unseen beliefs and valueschildren bring into their homes, includingbeliefs about self, caregivers, and the world.Caring for Children Who HaveExperienced Trauma was designed to meeta need within the child welfare communityfor a trauma-informed, application-focusedtraining for resource parents. It is not,however, designed to stand alone. Thiscurriculum is one piece of a broader effort tobuild a more trauma-informed child welfaresystem. The NCTSN also has a curriculumdesigned for child welfare staff, the ChildWelfare Trauma Training Toolkit (CWTTT),as well as a set of “Essential Elements of aTrauma-Informed Child Welfare System.”When all parties within the child welfaresystem use the trauma lens, we will, together,be more effective in our efforts to promotesafety, permanency, and well-being in the livesof children who have experienced trauma.“When I started foster parenting 14 yearsago, I thought that a lot of love and cuddleswas all the children needed. How I wish Iwould’ve had this in my tool chest at thattime. But having it today, it only enhances theparenting skills that I had before.” -Donna,Foster and adoptive parentLiz Sharda, LMSW is ProgramCoordinator for Project Return Homeat Bethany Christian Services in GrandRapids, MI. She can be reached atesharda@bethany.orgTrauma-Informed PMTO: An Adaptation ofthe Oregon Model of Parent ManagementTrainingContinued from page 24is to serve and advocate for these familiesmust receive support and training in EBPs,which have been demonstrated to work.When programs are successful, families,clinicians and communities all reap thebenefits.“Children are not something you areentitled to but a gift. And in order to givethem the best chance in life we as parents haveto be able to talk to them and understandthem. They are just like us, but in a smallerbody – little people, with feelings, opinions,bad days and even days when they don’tknow what they feel… I feel that every youngparent should experience this class.”– Father who completed parent group forreunification in DetroitLaura A. Rains, MSW, LCSW is Directorof Implementation and Training atImplementation Sciences International,Inc. She and Marion Forgatch can bereached at laurar@oslc.org.Marion S. Forgatch, PhD is ExecutiveDirector and Senior Scientist Emerita ofImplementation Sciences International,Inc.Cultural Adaptations of Trauma Treatmentsin Indian CountryContinued from page 25DR services often include referral to culturalhealers for those families who are traditional,as well as more western religious serviceproviders.Our goal at the National Native Children’sTrauma Center is to support and serveNative communities. As we continue to doso by utilizing the integration of traditionalcultural activities in evidence based traumatreatments, we find the fusion greatly benefitsNative peoples’ lives and the communitiesthey impact while increasing access to mentalhealth services in Native communities.Wynette Whitegoat, AB, served asResearch Intern with the National NativeChildren’s Trauma Center, Universityof Montana. She can be reached atwynettewhitegoat@gmail.com.Richard van den Pohl, PhD is aProfessor and Director at the Institutefor Educational Research and Serviceand the Principle Investigator at theNational Native Children’s TraumaCenter, University of Montana, fundedthrough the Department of Healthand Human Services, Administrationfor Children and Families, Children’sBureau, Grant #90C01056. He can bereached at VanDenPol@mso.umt.eduIntegrated BibliographyContinuedAarons, G. A., Fettes, D. L., Sommerfeld,D. H., & Palinkas, L. A. (2012). Mixedmethods for implementation research.Child Maltreatment, 17(1), 67-79.Aarons, GA, James S, Monn AR, Raghavan R.(2010). Behavior problems and placementchange in a national child welfare sample:A prospective study. Journal of the AmericanAcademy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,49, 70-80.Ackerman, P., Newton, J., McPherson,B. Jones, J., & Dykman, R. (1998).Prevalence of post traumatic stress disorderand other psychiatric diagnoses in threegroups of abused children (sexual, physical,and both), Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(8),759-774.American Humane Association (2012).Analysis of the President’s Fy 2012 Budget.Washington, DC: American HumaneAssociation.Andres, B., Cohen, C., & Blaustein, M.(2011). Treatment of complex traumain young children: Developmental andcultural considerations in applications ofthe ARC intervention model. Journal ofChild and Adolescent Trauma, 4, 34-51.Annie Casey Foundation (2011). CaseyFamily Program: Child welfare by numbers.Retrieved April 12, 2012 fromhttp://www.casey.org/press/mediakit/pdf/CWFactSheet.pdfArvidson, J., Kinniburgh, K., Howard, K.,Spinazzola, J., Strothers, H., Evans, M.,Andres, B., Cohen, C., & Blaustein, M.(2011). Treatment of complex traumain young children: Developmental andcultural considerations in applications ofthe ARC intervention model. Journal ofChild and Adolescent Trauma, 4, 34-51.Banyard, V.L., Williams, L.M. & Siegel, J.A.(2003). The impact of complex trauma anddepression on parenting: Exploration ofmediating risk and protective factors, ChildMaltreatment, 8(4), 4, 334-349.Berkowitz, S. J., Stover, C.S., & Marans, S.R.(2011) The child and family traumaticstress intervention: Secondary preventionfor youth at risk of developing PTSD.Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,52, 676-685.
CW360 o Trauma-Informed Child Welfare Practice • Winter 2013 39Blaustein, M., & Kinniburgh, K.J. (2010).Treating traumatic stress in children andadolescents: How to foster resilience throughattachment, self-regulation, and competency.New York, NY: Guilford Press.Bonnano, G.A. & Mancinci, A.D. (2008)The human capacity to thrive in the face ofpotential trauma. Pediatrics, 121, 369-375.Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-childattachment and healthy human development.New York, NY: Basic Books.Briggs, E.C., Greeson, J.P.K., Layne C.M.,Fairbank, J.A., Knoverek, A.M., & Pynoos,R.S. (2012). Trauma exposure, psychosocialfunctioning, and treatment needs of youthin residential care: Preliminary findingsfrom the NCTSN core data set. Journal ofChild & Adolescent Trauma, 5, 1-15.Brown, D. W., Anda, R. F., Tiemeier, H.,Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., Croft, J. B.,& Giles, W.H. (2009) Adverse childhoodexperiences and the risk of prematuremortality. American Journal of PreventiveMedicine, 37(5), 389-396. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.02Center for Advanced Studies in ChildWelfare, School of Social Work, Universityof Minnesota. (2012). Secondary traumaand the child welfare workforce. CW360.Spring issue.Chadwick Trauma-Informed Systems Project.(2011). Trauma-Informed Child WelfareSystem Definition. Retrieved May 3, 2012from http://www.chadwickcenter.org/CTISP/ctisp.htm.Chemtob, C.M., Griffing, S., Tullberg, E.,Roberts, E. & Ellis, P. (2011). Screening fortrauma exposure and posttraumatic stressdisorder and depression symptoms amongmothers receiving child welfare preventiveservices, Child Welfare, 90 (6), 109-127.Chemtob, C.M., Nomura, Y., & Abramovitz,R. (2008). Impact of conjoined exposureto the World Trade Center attacks and toother traumatic events on the behavioralproblems of preschool children. Archives ofPediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162 (2),126-133.Child Welfare Collaborative Group, NationalChild Traumatic Stress Network, and &The California Social Work EducationCenter. (2008). Child welfare traumatraining toolkit: Trainer’s guide (1st ed.). LosAngeles, CA & Durham, NC: NationalCenter for Child Traumatic Stress.Cohen, JA, Berliner, L & Mannarino, AP(2010). Trauma-focused CBT for childrenwith coexisting trauma and behaviorproblems. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34,215-224.Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP & Deblinger,E (2006). Treating trauma and traumaticgrief in children and adolescents. New York:Guilford Press.Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP, Kliethermes, M& Murray, LA (in press). Trauma-focusedCBT for youth with complex trauma.Child Abuse and Neglect.Cohen, E. (Ed). Exposure to violence: asignificant issue for children and families.Protecting Children: A ProfessionalPublication of American Humane. Volume22, Numbers 3 & 4, 2007.Cohen, L. R., Hien, D.A. & Batchelder, S.(2008). The impact of cumulative maternaltrauma and diagnosis on parentingbehavior. Child Maltreatment, 13(1), 27-38.Conradi, L. & Wilson, C. (2010). Managingtraumatized children: A trauma systemsperspective. Current Opinion in Pediatrics,22, 621-625.Conradi, L., Kisiel, C., & Wherry, J. (2011).Linking child welfare and mental healthusing trauma-informed screening andassessment practices. Child Welfare, 90(6),129-148.Cook, A., Blaustein, M., Spinazzola, J., & vander Kolk, B. (Eds.) (2003). Complex traumain children and adolescents. National ChildTraumatic Stress Network. http://www.NCTSN.orgCook, A., Spinazzola, J., Ford, J., Lanktree,C., Balustein, M., Sprague, C., Cloitre,M., DeRosa, R., Hubbard, R., Kagan, R.,Liautaud, J., Karen, M., Olafson, E., vander Kolk, B., (2007). Complex traumain children and adolescents. Focal Point,21(1), 4-8.Cooper, J. L., Banghart, P., & Aratani, Y.(2010). Addressing the mental health needsof young children in the child welfare system:What every policymaker should know. NewYork, NY: National Center for Children inPoverty.Cooper, J. L., Masi, R., Dababnah, S.,Aratani, Y., & Knitzer, J. (2007).Strengthening policies to support children,youth, and families who experience trauma.New York, NY: Columbia UniversityMailman School of Public Health, NationalCenter for Children in Poverty.Courtois, C. A. & Ford, J. D. (Eds.). (2009).Treating complex traumatic stress disorders:An evidence-based guide. New York:Guilford Press.Dawson, K. & Berry, M. (2002). Engagingfamilies in child welfare services: anevidence-based approach to best practice,Child Welfare, 81(2), 293-317.DeGarmo, D. S., & Forgatch, M. S.(1999). Contexts as predictors ofchanging parenting practices in diversefamily structures: A social interactionalperspective to risk and resilience. In E. M.Hetherington (Ed.), Coping with divorce,single parenting and remarriage: A riskand resiliency perspective (pp. 227-252).Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.DeRosa, R., & Pelcovitz. D. (2008).Igniting SPARCS of change: Structuredpsychotherapy for adolescents respondingto chronic stress. In J. Ford, R. Pat-Horenczyk & D. Brom (Eds.) Treatingtraumatized children: risk, resilience andrecovery, New York: Routledge.Dorsey, S (2012). Engagement strategies forimplementing Trauma-Focused CBT foryouth in foster care. Workshop presentedat the San Diego Conference on Child andFamily Maltreatment, January, 2012.Dorsey, S & Deblinger, E (in press). FosterCare. In Cohen, JA, Mannarino, AP &Deblinger, E (Eds). Trauma-Focused CBTfor children and adolescents: Treatmentapplications. New York: Guilford Press.Dube, S. R., Anda, R.F., Felitti, V., Chapman,D.P., Williamson, D.F., & Giles, W.H.(2001). Childhood abuse, householddysfunction, and the risk of attemptedsuicide throughout the life span findingsfrom the Adverse Childhood ExperiencesStudy. Jama-Journal of the AmericanMedical Association, 286(24), 8.Edwards, V. J., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., &Dube, S. R. (2004). Adverse childhoodexperiences and health-related quality oflife as an adult. In K.A. Kendall-Tackett(Ed.). Health consequences of abuse in thefamily: A clinical guide for evidence-basedpractice. Washington, DC: AmericanPsychological Association.Fang, X., Brown, D.S., Florence, C.S., Mercy,J.A. (2012). The economic burden of childof maltreatment in the United States andimplications for prevention. Child Abuse& Neglect, 36(2), 156-165. doi: 10.1016j.chiabu.2011.10006
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