Late Quaternary History of the Atacama Desert.

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latorre et al. 85metres) at Quebrada Chaco and in the central Atacama. Aggradation beginningat approximately 20,800 cal. BP, however, agrees with low elevation middenevidence that there was an earlier pluvial period between 23,800 and 18,100years ago. One source for this earlier pluvial could be the enhancement ornorthward migration of westerly storm tracks during the last glacial maximum(LGM). In the Holocene, absence of wetland deposits along with impoverishedmidden floras implies widespread aridity, with a slight increase in moistureover the last 1500 years. This pattern is clearly different from that foundfurther north, and implies that increases in summer precipitation duringthe mid-Holocene were of insufficient magnitude to have reached QuebradaChaco. Ongoing work in the southern Atacama, at localities directly north andsouth of Quebrada Chaco, will enable us to place both a maximum northwardlimit to the westerly excursion during the LGM as well as establishing thesouthern limit of increased summer moisture during the late Glacial andmid-Holocene.Towards a regional synthesisFigure 6.2 compares effective moisture interpretations from the diverse arrayof records of continental climate change now available. Large discrepancies inpalaeoclimate interpretation are readily apparent.Ω Lake cores from the Altiplano, including Lake Titicaca (Baker et al.2001b) and Salar de Uyuni (Baker et al. 2001a), seem to indicate a wetLGM (over 20,000 years ago) — a pattern not seen along the Pacificslope of the Andes except in the Salar de Atacama salt core (Bobstet al. 2001) and in the southern Atacama. There are disagreementsbetween core and shoreline evidence for palaeolakes on the BolivianAltiplano. Twice in the last 110,000 years, overflow from Lake Titicacainundated and, when lake levels rose above 3700 metres, integrateddrier basins to the south (Poopó, Coipasa and Uyuni). The radiocarbonchronology for the oldest shoreline (Palaeolake Minchin) above 3700metres is questionable, and in the process of being resolved throughU-series dating. The younger and higher shoreline above 3700 metres(Palaeolake Tauca) is also being redated, but previous dates range
86 part one environmental historyFigure 6.2A regional comparison of paleoclimate records along a north–south transectacross the Central Andes and Atacama DesertDry phases are indicated in light grey whereas dark grey denotes wet phases.For the southern Atacama record, the E and W indicate easterly and westerlysources of moisture, respectively.
Page 6 and 7: chapter 6Claudio Latorre, Julio L B
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Late Quaternary History of the Atacama Desert.

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