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1726 AuthorsAddress: Dr. Mamdouh Ahmed Antar, full mailing addressplease.Email: .Carolin E. Arndt (Germany), Dr. scient., Programme Officerwith the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) Secretariat; Scientific Consultant for the World ClimateResearch Programme’s (WCRP) Joint Planning Staff(2006-2009). Main areas of expertise: sea ice dynamics(Arctic/Antarctic), biological oceanography and ecosystemanalysis. Publication highlights: (Ed.): Climate Research inService to Society (Geneva: WCRP, 2008); (Ed.): WCRP AccomplishmentReport 2007-2008: Providing the Science toClimate Change Solutions (Geneva: WCRP, 2007); (Ed.):WCRP Annual Report 2006-2007: New Futures: Buildingon Great Success (Geneva: WCRP, 2006); (Ed.): WCRP AnnualReport 2005-2006 (Geneva: WCRP, 2007).Address: Dr. Carolin E. Arndt, IPCC, c/o WMO, 7 bis Avenuede la Paix, Case Posta-le No 2300, CH-1211 Geneva,Switzerland.Email: ; .Website: .Tulio Arredondo (Mexico), Ph.D., agronomist with graduatestudies in ecology and management of drylands at theUtah State University, USA. With 20 years of experience inresearch dealing with conservation, restoration and managementof drylands, in particular the extensive grazing systemsin Northern Mexico. His current research topics focuson the impacts of global environmental change on thedrylands of Northern Mexico. In particular, he is trying tounderstand the role of land use change on the functioningof semi-arid forest and grasslands. To advance the understandingof these phenomena at regional scales he is leadinga network (GRACILIS) that covers a 1200 km stripalong the semi-arid grassland biome establishing and implementingsimilar research protocols in several sites. His currentpublications deal with the impacts of overgrazing onhydrologic function, genetic integrity of keystone speciesand organisms interactions of semiarid grasslands: “Finescalespatial genetic structure in perennial grasses in threeenvironments“, in: Rangeland Ecology and Management(2009): “Biological soil crusts exhibit a dynamic responseto seasonal rain and release from grazing with implicationsfor soil stability“, in: Journal of Arid Environments (2009);“Root Responses to Short-Lived Pulses of Soil Nutrientsand Shoot Defoliation in Seedlings of Three RangelandGrasses”, in: Rangeland Ecology and Management (2009);“Production and quality of senesced and green litterfall in apine-oak forest in central-northwest Mexico”, in: ForestEcology and Management (2009); “Grazing effects on fungalroot symbionts and carbon and nitrogen storage in ashortgrass steppe in Central Mexico“ in: Journal of AridEnvironments (2008).Address: Dr. Tulio Arredondo, Division Ciencias Ambientales(IPICYT), Camino de la Presa de San Jose # 2055,Lomas 4ta seccion, San Luis Potosi, SLP CP 78216, Mexico.Email: .Website: and .Ghassem R. Asrar (USA), Ph.D., Director of the World ClimateResearch Programme’s (WCRP) Joint Planning Staff;Deputy Administrator for Natural Resources and AgriculturalSystems with Agricultural Research Service (ARS), ofthe U.S. Department of Agriculture (2006-2008) after 20years of service with the U.S. National Aeronautics andSpace Administration (NASA) as chief scientist and associateadministrator in the Office of Earth Science. Areas ofexpertise: remote sensing and Earth system modelling. Publicationhighlights: Theory and Applications of Optical RemoteSensing (New York, NY: John Wiley, 1989); (co-authorwith R. B. Myneni): “Space-based measurements ofsurface albedo, absorbed photosynthetically active radiationand solar radiation: A modeling study”, in: Remote SensingReviews, 7 (1993): 197-222; (co-author with D. J. Dokken):The state of Earth science from space: Past progress, futureprospects (Woodbury, NY: American Institute of Physics[AIP] Press, 1995); “The contribution of environmental satellitesto World Meteorological Organization programmes:past and present”, in: Bulletin World Meteorological Organization,51,2 (2002): 120-129; “The view from space as awindow into the Earth system”, in: Glover, Linda K. (Ed.):National Geographic Encyclopedia of Space (Washington,DC: National Geographic, 2005); “Global agriculture in the21 st century: sustainable production of food, fiber, fuel andmore”, in: GEO Secretariat (Ed.): The Full Picture (Leicester,UK: Tudor Rose Publishers, 2007): 246-248.Address: Dr. Ghassem R. Asrar, WMO, 7 bis Avenue de laPaix, Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland.Email: .Website: .Andrews Atta-Asamoah (Ghana) is a Senior Researcher inthe African Conflict Prevention Programme (ACPP) atthe Institute for Security Studies (ISS). Prior to his currentposition based in Nairobi, Kenya, he was a Research Associateat the Conflict Prevention, Management and ResolutionDepartment (CPMRD) of the Kofi Annan InternationalPeacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) in Accra,Ghana. He holds a Master of Arts degree in InternationalAffairs from the Legon Centre for International Affairs(LECIA) at the University of Ghana and a bachelor’s degreefrom the University for Development Studies (UDS) inGhana. He conducts research on peace and security issuesin Africa and has authored numerous articles and bookchapters among which are: “Sanctions and Embargoes inAfrica: Implementation dynamics, prospects and challengesin the case of Somalia”, ISS Paper 180 (Pretoria, Institutefor Security, 2009); “Mühsame Suche nach afrikanischenLösungen Afrikanische Friedensmis sionen brauchen häufigwestliche Hilfe”, in: Weltsichten, 1,7 (July): 31-33;“Counter-Terrorism and the National Security of African States:Points of Convergence and Departure”, in: Journal of SecuritySector Management, Cranfield: Cranfield University,2008; and “Understanding the West African Cyber CrimeProcess”, in: African Security Review, 18,4, 2009, 106-114.Address: Mr. Andrews Atta-Asamoah, Institute for SecurityStudies (ISS), P.O. Box 12869-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.