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MBL7 MBL StreetNon-profit Org.U.S. PostageWoods Hole, MA 02543 MBL Biological Discovery in Woods HolePAIDPlymouth, MAPermit #55MBL Biological Discovery in Woods Hole • ANNUAL REPORT 2005Training the best and brightestannual report 2005

The MBL Annual Report is published by theMBL. Although the greatest possible carehas been taken in the preparation of thisrecord, the MBL recognizes the possibility ofomissions or inaccuracies. If any are noted,please accept our apology and advise us ofany corrections to be made.Office of Communications and Public AffairsMBL7 MBL StreetWoods Hole, MA 02543www.MBL.eduThe Marine Biological Laboratory does notdiscriminate in employment or in access toany of its activities or programs on the basisof race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation,national origin, ancestry, age, maritalstatus, pregnancy, physical or mental disability,or veteran status. In addition, theMBL is committed to the prevention andelimination of sexual harassment, as wellas other forms of unlawful harassment, inthe workplace. Through training programsand disseminated information, MBL strivesto educate its employees, students, faculty,and visitors on these important issues.

contents1 report of the director and ceo4 profiles16 research6 Biology of Parasitism8 Grass Foundation Fellowhips Program10 Brown-MBL Graduate Program12 Semester in Environmental Science14 Living in the Microbial World Teachers’ Workshop49 education77 mblwhoi library80 financials83 gifts108 governance and administration

eport of the director and ceo 1report of the director and ceoWilliam T. SpeckAs I began to write my final report as Director and CEO ofthe Marine Biological Laboratory, I happened to re-read LewisThomas’s wonderful essay about the MBL in his book, The Livesof a Cell. If you haven’t read that chapter recently, I urge you todo so. It’s a thoughtful description of a remarkable institution. Ithink you’ll find that while some things have changed in 30-plusyears since the piece was written, many wonderful things aboutthe place have remained the same.One of the things that hasn’t changed over the years is the MBL’scommitment to education. From the institution’s earliest days,education has been a hallmark of the MBL. Although we don’ttell our students to simply “study nature, not books” anymore,Louis Agassiz’s mantra is ever present in our unique hands-onapproach to teaching. Whether we’re working with the brightestgraduate students, the most promising undergraduates, or eventhe most influential science journalists in the country, ourintensive laboratory and field courses are unmatched by any otherinstitution anywhere.“If you ask around, you will find that any number of today’s leading figures in biologyor medicine were informally ushered into their careers by the [MBL’s] summer course inphysiology…” Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell

2 report of the director and ceoThanks to the generous support of organizations like the Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the National Institutes of Health, theNational Science Foundation, the scores of vendors who lend our courses millionsof dollars worth of equipment, and numerous other foundations, individuals, andfederal agencies, the MBL has the resources to put together courses like no other.These courses are intensive, engaging, and, most importantly, on the cutting edgeof biology. They are taught by the best faculty we can find from the best medicalschools and universities around the globe.Without these vital partnerships and without the dedication of our faculty members—who participate for the love of teaching, certainly not for the modest compensation—the MBL’s educational programs would become commonplace. To all who have madethe MBL’s educational programs what they are today—students, faculty, donors andfunding agencies, vendors, administrators, and staff—I am most grateful.I hope that one legacy of my tenure as director will be the addition of yet anotherpremiere MBL educational endeavor, the Brown-MBL Graduate Program in Biologicaland Environmental Sciences. I consider the establishment of this program to be oneof my proudest achievements. Creating a joint program of this magnitude is no easytask. Thanks to the outstanding leadership and support of Ruth Simmons and BobZimmer at Brown and the efforts of Bill Beers, Jerry Melillo, and others on the MBLstaff, the interactions between the two institutions at every stage of this buddingrelationship have gone remarkably well. In three short years, the program is alreadywell established. Eleven students are now enrolled, and we will graduate our firststudent, April Shiflett, this summer. In addition, some MBL investigators have facultyappointments at Brown and are now teaching or team-teaching courses in Providence.In addition, a number of Brown faculty members have MBL appointments. Researchcollaborations among scientists of both institutions are also flourishing.Establishing a graduate program in partnership with a leading university was acornerstone of another major initiative of my administration: the Strategic Plan.We have accomplished quite a lot since the plan was completed. We establishedthe Whitman Center for Summer and Visiting Science, encouraged the creation ofresearch clusters there, and doubled the funding for summer research fellowships,thanks to the Colwin Fellowships and Dart Scholars and Grass Faculty Programs. Wehave also added to and strengthened our Board of Trustees and invested more than$50 million in upgrades to our physical plant.

eport of the director and ceo 3I’m especially pleased to report that the renovation of theWhitman building—a major recommendation of the plan—willbegin in the fall of 2006, with the project scheduled to be finishedby summer 2007. Renovations have also begun on the third floorof the Lillie building, enabling us to return the part of the Librarythat housed the circulating books to its original use: laboratoryspace. This new lab space will be used by the Bay Paul Center,which has also grown dramatically in recent years with theaddition of the Global Infectious Diseases Program.Although the moving of the books is not without somecontroversy, it, too, is in keeping with the institution’s strategicplan as well as that of the Library. It recognizes the evolving nature of libraries like our own,which have become more and more digital. Today journal articles and book chapters aredelivered electronically to investigators’ desktops on demand, making the Library more of aconduit for information than just a repository.As my tenure as director draws to a close, I take great pride in all that the MBL hasaccomplished over the past six years. Throughout I’ve appreciated the support of the MBL’svery capable staff, the scientific community, and members of the Board of Trustees. I amgrateful for having had the opportunity to serve this incredible institution, and hope I haveleft her stronger and better positioned to have an even greater impact on American biologythan she’s had in the past.As Lewis Thomas wrote:“[The MBL] will be an interesting place to watch, in the years ahead. Ina rational world, things ought to go as well for the MBL as they have inthe past, and it should become an even larger and more agile collectiveintelligence. If you can think of good questions to ask about the life ofthe earth, it should be as good a place as any to go for answers.”—William T. Speck, M.D.

4 program profiles“Our lives are changed.” — B. T.Inspiring. Priceless. Life changing. Magical.These are words often used by the thousands of young scientistsand teachers worldwide whose careers have been shaped by MBLcourses, workshops, and fellowships.Whether you’re a high-school teacher seeking to explore excitingnew techniques, an undergraduate just starting out, or a moreadvanced graduate student or postdoc, the MBL, with its signaturelab-based courses taught by internationally renowned researchers,consistently offers some of the most unparalleled immersivescience education experiences available anywhere.In fact, it is frequently said that there is no place else that teachesscience quite like the MBL. Because our students don’t just doscience. They dwell among accomplished scientists making today’sbiological discoveries, and are literally cocooned in it.“This experience has inspired me as ascientist.” — V. A.“MBL provides an incredible atmospherefor meeting and establishing informalcontacts among students and wellestablishedscientists. Lectures, seminars,hands-on practicals and social eventstogether create a great melting pot ofideas, which is real fun!” — I. Y.“I really feel as though this class haslaunched me into my career.” — C. B.“I feel like I have been exposed to a rangeof techniques and scientific questions thatwould not have been possible anywhereelse in the world.” — C. F.-J.“This summer has been one of the mostintense and exciting periods of my life.”— C. L.“When I first arrived at the MBL, I wassurprised by the large number of facultymembers and guest lecturers who hadthemselves taken the course. I quicklyrealized that they return each year becausetheir experience as students had such animpact on their own careers and they wantto return the favor.” — H. C.

program profiles 5And when they emerge, their careers take flight in exciting new ways.MBL alums are currently protecting our planet, solving puzzlingmedical conditions, hunting for genes, educating the next generationof great scientists, and pushing the limits of biology like never before.The stories that follow offer an intimate look at the depth and breadthof the MBL’s powerful educational reach and impact. Read on tolearn about a teacher workshop participant enlightening high schoolstudents about microbes, an aspiring undergraduate environmentalscientist, a summer course alumnus battling malaria, a graduate studentunraveling African sleeping sickness, and a postdoctoral fellow helpingopiate-addicted babies.“Spending the summer at the MBL hasgreatly enriched my knowledge andmy understanding of science. It hasbeen an eye-opening experience andenabled me to approach a question withdiverse perspectives, many of whichwere unimaginable to me before. Thisexperience has changed me forever andwill have immense impact on my scientificcareer.” — P. W.“… a fantastic opportunity to participatein the world–famous course organized andrun by top-level scientists …the course hasincreased my curiosity and my ability to beindependent…” — L. T.“The most memorable experience of myscientific career. It was an honor to attenda course led by such outstanding scientificminds, and to rub elbows with the giants inthe field.” — A. K. S.“Stimulating seminars and excitingexperiments along with students from allover the world created an extraordinaryatmosphere from which I will benefit for along time.” — T. S.“I was given unparalleled access to theleaders in the field.” — M. L. C.

6 program profilesoffering unmatched advanced-level coursesBiology of ParasitismIt was late in the game when Michael Povelones decided hewanted to join the fight against malaria. He had specialized indevelopmental biology throughout graduate school at Stanfordand had mastered new and exciting molecular techniques. Butas he began to consider his postdoctoral life, his next step wassuddenly clear. The research model that fascinated him more thanamphibians, more than chicks or mice was, in fact, the mosquito.“I have always been fascinated by parasites’ strategies to exploittheir hosts and hosts’ elaborate mechanisms to thwart would-beparasites,” he says. And after reading several high-profile researchpapers on the proteins mosquitoes use to combat invading malariaparasites, his fate was sealed. “I was convinced it was a new andpromising area of research,” says Povelones.Michael Povelones,Postdoctoral Fellow,Imperial College in Londonand Biology of ParasitismAlumnusDetermined to succeed, he found himself searching for a summercourse that would prepare him for life in an entirely new field: theparasitology equivalent of a language-immersion class. A postdocand close friend in his thesis lab suggested the MBL’s Biology ofParasitism, a course renowned for plunging students headfirst intothe molecular workings of parasites and host/parasite interactions,for its faculty of top-notch parasitologists, and for its intensivelaboratory experiments. “My immediate goal was to obtain as muchbackground knowledge and experience in parasitology as possiblebefore I began my postdoc,” he says. “I knew I would benefit fromthe hands-on approach.”“In my other laboratory courses it was always apparent that they were cookie-cutter experimentswith a right and wrong conclusion. At the MBL it always felt as if we were doing ‘real’ science.”— Michael Povelones

program profiles 7In e-mail dispatches from London’s Imperial College, written ashe began his postdoctoral research on the biological machinerybehind the mosquito’s ability to recognize and kill malariaparasites, Povelones said the Biology of Parasitism course preparedhim well for the road ahead. “There was always the exhilarationof doing experiments no one had ever done before, designed bya top researcher in the field,” he says. “In my other laboratorycourses it was always apparent that they were cookie-cutterexperiments with a right and wrong conclusion. At the MBL italways felt as if we were doing ‘real’ science.”The course also enabled Povelones to make powerful allies in hisnew field. “I knew from conversations with former students thatI would meet many prominent parasitologists,” he says. He did,and he has found it easy to solicit their advice and expertise. “Irecently consulted one professor by e-mail about a technical aspectof a fellowship proposal,” he says. “I also had a chance to pay apersonal visit to another professor’s laboratory. During the visit,he expressed an interest in what I was currently doing in the laband otherwise, which was a good demonstration that the bonds,both personal and professional, established during the summerare long lasting.”“An hour of conversation with an experienced colleague isworth days in the library. “Through classic MBL course activities, including late nights inthe lab, preparing a science-themed float for the annual WoodsHole July 4 th parade, and occasional bonding at the local bar withclassmates, lecturers, and course directors, Povelones also madelasting friendships and met important colleagues.“I expect they will provide a sounding board and expert opinionsfor research proposals I will develop,” he says. “An hour ofconversation with an experienced colleague is worth days in thelibrary. Plus, friends will go the extra mile to help you find whatyou need if they don’t know themselves.”Armed with his newfound knowledge of parasites, memories ofthe MBL, and the support of new friends, allies, and colleagues,Povelones is entrenched in his new lab and ready for battle.“I believe curing malaria is a realizable goal that will requirea considerable and coordinated effort on different fronts. Myresearch could directly seed projects that represent two of thenewer fronts in the fight,” he says. Among other things, he hopesto discover genes that could in the future be exploited to generateparasite-resistant mosquitoes or contribute to the developmentof “smart pesticides” that block parasite transmission frommosquito to human. “There is a hard road ahead, but I am eager tocontribute to this field as there is now a realistic view and respectfor the enemy,” he says. “I feel a sense of excited anticipation, as ifthe armies are gathering for an all-out assault.”OVERVIEW: The MBL boasts six of the mostsought-after graduate and post-graduatelevel biology courses available anywhere,as well as numerous special topics coursesin emerging fields. Courses attract starstudents and faculty from around theglobe, so admission is highly competitive.OUR INTENSIVE, HANDS-ON ADVANCEDCOURSES INCLUDE: Biology of Parasitism,Embryology, Microbial Diversity, NeuralSystems & Behavior, Neurobiology,Physiology, Advances in GenomeTechnology and Bioinformatics, Analytical& Quantitative Light Microscopy,BioMedical Informatics, Frontiers inReproduction, Methods in ComputationalNeuroscience, Molecular Biology of Aging,Molecular Mycology, Neural Development& Genetics of Zebrafish, Neuroinformatics,Optical Microscopy & Imaging in theBiomedical Sciences, Pathogenesis ofNeuroimmunologic Diseases, SummerProgram in Neuroscience, Ethics & Survival,Workshop on Molecular Evolution, andFundamental Issues in Vision Research.FUNDING: MBL courses are supportedby generous contributions from theHoward Hughes Medical Institute,Burroughs Wellcome Fund, WilliamRandolph Hearst Foundation, The EllisonMedical Foundation, the Gordon andBetty Moore Foundation, WaksmanFoundation for Microbiology, MerckResearch Laboratories, The Company ofBiologists, Ltd., World Health Organization,Society for Developmental Biology, Societyfor Neuroscience, The U.S. NationalAcademies, National Eye Institute, NationalLibrary of Medicine, American Society forReproductive Medicine, and Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc.

8 program profilestraining pre and postdoctoral scientistsGrass Foundation Fellowship Program“When I arrived at the MBL, I was told the experience wouldchange my life. I can honestly admit that it did,” says neuroscientistKimberlei Richardson. The experience may also help change the livesof babies who are born addicted to opiates, whom Richardson hopesto help through her research.Kimberlei Richardson,Postdoctoral Fellow, JohnsHopkins University Hospitaland MBL Grass FellowRichardson first came to the MBL in 2004, as a student in the SummerProgram in Neuroscience, Ethics, and Survival. That summer, shevisited the laboratories of two investigators supported by GrassFoundation Fellowships for postdoctoral neuroscientists, and decidedto apply for a fellowship herself. She returned to the MBL lastsummer, this time as a Grass Fellow on a serious scientific mission.Motivated by her first-hand experiences with Baltimore’s highproportion of opiate-exposed infants, Richardson set out to identifythe cellular and molecular underpinnings of neonatal opiatedependence and withdrawal. She also wanted to test her hypothesisthat a drug called clonidine might ease the babies’ withdrawalsymptoms.“While some opiate-addicted babies are born addicted to heroin,many babies are exposed to methadone, which is used to treat theirmothers’ addictions and stabilize their withdrawal symptoms,”says Richardson. But methadone is a long-acting opiate, andbabies withdrawing from it often exhibit high-pitched crying,inconsolability, increased muscle tone, tremors, vomiting, diarrhea,and, in severe cases, seizures.“The traditional treatment for reducing these symptoms in babies isa tincture of opium, a diluted form of morphine,” she says. “But theoptimal therapy is to treat them with an agent that’s non-addictive.”

program profiles 9“My goal was to extrapolate newinformation from animal modelsin hopes of helping cliniciansdecide which therapies are bestfor neonates who display opiatewithdrawal symptoms.”—Kimberlei RichardsonSo inside her MBL laboratory, Richardson used neonatal ratmodels to study the role of the neurotransmitter norepinephrineand its influence on specific brain regions believed to beassociated with opiate withdrawal. “Since increased release ofnorepinephrine is believed to cause physical symptoms, drugsthat reduce this neurotransmitter may be beneficial in reducingthose symptoms,” says Richardson. She investigated the use ofclonidine, a drug that blocks norepinephrine release.A drug traditionally used to treat high blood pressure, clonidinehas been demonstrated to relieve heroin and methadonewithdrawal symptoms in adult humans, but not conclusively ininfants. And though it is being tested on opiate-addicted newborninfants in a randomized double-blind clinical trial by Richardson’smentor, Estelle B. Gauda at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Richardsonsaw a need for additional information.“My goal was to extrapolate new information from animal modelsin hopes of helping clinicians decide which therapies are best forneonates who display opiate withdrawal symptoms,” she says.Richardson says her Grass Fellowship enabled her to doexactly that. “The data I collected at the MBL were the firstto demonstrate that clonidine effectively reduces withdrawalsymptoms in prenatally and postnatally exposed opiate-addictedrat pups and that the extent of clonidine’s effectiveness maydepend on the developmental stage during which the treatmentbegins,” she says. Her future research hopes to identify the neuralcircuitry that is most vulnerable to the effects of opiates andwithdrawal.Richardson says her scientific successes, the opportunity toindependently plan and manage her experiments, and herinteractions with notable neuroscientists at the MBL contributedsignificantly to her career development at a key juncture.“My experience as a Grass Fellow helped to validate mydesire to become an independent research scientist,” she says.“Independent research promotes innovation and creativity, whichhelps further science and technology.”OVERVIEW: The Grass FoundationFellowship Program provides a firstopportunity for neuroscientists duringlate stages of their predoctoral orpostdoctoral training to experienceindependent scientific discovery in theirown laboratories within MBL’s fertilecollaborative environment.GRASS FELLOWS ARE FROM: Institutionsincluding Yale, Sweden’s KarolinskaInstitutet, New York University, StanfordUniversity, Albert Einstein Collegeof Medicine, Dalhousie University,Dartmouth College, and Johns HopkinsUniversity.ABOUT THE GRASS FOUNDATION:Established by Albert and Ellen Grass,The Grass Foundation has benefited theneuroscience community since 1955.The Grass Fellowship Program at theMBL is the hallmark program of TheGrass Foundation.OTHER POSTDOCTORAL PROGRAMS:The MBL supports the training ofpostdocs by offering paid positionswithin our residential research programs,including The Ecosystems Center,the Josephine Bay Paul Center forComparative Molecular Biology andEvolution, the Marine Resources Center,the Program in Molecular Physiology,and the Architectural Dynamics in LivingCells Program. Currently, the MBLemploys 19 postdocs.

10 program profilesforging powerful educational alliancesBrown-MBL Graduate ProgramApril Shiflett was just beginning her first year of graduate schoolat the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Medical Schoolwhen her advisor, Stephen Hajduk, announced he was leaving tohead up the MBL’s Global Infectious Diseases Program. But insteadof hearing difficult news, Shiflett heard opportunity knock andhappily opened the door.The door led northward to a new school and a new home, andto what is proving to be one of the most exciting years of herscientific life.April Shiflett, First Graduateof the Brown-MBL GraduateProgram in Biological andEnvironmental Sciences“Since I first started out,I’ve been interested inhaving some kind of rolein helping people withdiseases.” — April ShiflettThanks to the Brown-MBL Graduate Program, Shiflett was able totransfer to Brown University and follow Hajduk to the MBL andthe scientific village of Woods Hole. Since then, she has settledinto academic life at Brown and become part of a talented teamof MBL scientists working to tackle one of Africa’s biggest healththreats.Like her advisor, Shiflett’s research specialty is the Africantrypanosome, the parasite that causes African sleeping sickness.The disease, which threatens 60 million people in 36 countriesin sub-Saharan Africa, was arrested for a time, but has recentlyreemerged in the face of political instability, populationdisplacement, war, and poverty.“Treatments are limited and very painful,” says Shiflett. Tocomplicate matters, the trypanosome evades the human immunesystem and effective treatment by switching its genetic code.Undetected, the parasite multiplies in the blood and feeds on itsnutrients, weakening its victim. Left untreated, trypanosomeseventually penetrate the nervous system and are fatal.As part of her graduate studies, Shiflett has spent long hours at theMBL studying two species of trypanosomes: Trypanosoma bruceirhodesiense, which evades the immune system and causes sleepingsickness, and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, which the human immunesystem can kill.

program profiles 11“For years researchers have known that high density lipoproteins,or HDLs, are responsible for human innate immunity to certainparasites like Trypanosoma brucei brucei, but couldn’t explain how,”she says. “One of my goals was to shed some light on that.”This year, Shiflett’s foresight and hard work are paying off. InSeptember, she discovered the exact molecules involved in humaninnate immunity to Trypanosoma brucei brucei and published herfindings in the Journal of Biological Chemistry (see page 18). Thefindings may eventually lead to the development of more effectivetreatments for certain parasitic infections, including malaria,and may someday lead to a better understanding of how moredeadly trypanosome species are able to counteract human innateimmunity.The findings may eventually lead to the development of more effectivetreatments for certain parasitic infections, including malaria, andmay someday lead to a better understanding of how more deadlytrypanosome species are able to counteract human innate immunity.“If all goes well,” says Shiflett, “I’ll finish my doctorate this year.”In doing so, she will become the first graduate of the MBL-BrownGraduate Program. “It’s been a great experience,” she says. “Theprogram is really different from the experience I would havegotten if I had stayed in a traditional academic setting like UAB.It has allowed me to focus on my own research, and I was able towork with the administrators at Brown and the MBL to tailor theprogram to my specific needs.”When she graduates, Shiflett hopes to land a postdoctoral positionwithin an academic setting where she can continue her workin parasitology. “Since I first started out, I’ve been interested inhaving some kind of role in helping people with diseases. I’m atrypanosome person at heart, but it’s hard to say what exactly I’llbe working on because job availability will dictate that,” she says.BACKGROUND: The Brown-MBLGraduate Program in Biologicaland Environmental Sciences is theperfect marriage of research andeducation. The program enablesgraduate students to learnfrom top faculty and scientistsand to work within renownedlaboratories at both Brownand the MBL. It also promotesfaculty exchanges and researchcollaborations among some ofthe best minds in biology.RESEARCH AREAS: Astrobiology,Biological and EnvironmentalPhysics, Cell and DevelopmentalBiology, Climate Dynamics,Ecology and EvolutionaryBiology, Ecosystems Science,Environmental Change, Genetics,Genomics and Proteomics, GlobalInfectious Diseases, Immunologyand Pathology, Molecular Biologyand Biochemistry, Phylogenetics,PhysiologyIMPACT: “Partnering withBrown may be one of themost significant events in MBLhistory...” — William T. Speck,MBL Director and CEOAnd though it’s too soon to know where she will ultimately endup or what new scientific achievements lie in her future, onething is certain, April Shiflett knows how to make the most of anopportunity. And when the next one knocks, we’re sure she’ll belistening.

12 program profilesengaging undergraduatesSemester in Environmental ScienceIt is a sleepy December morning, but Loeb Laboratory 209 hums with energy.Berkeley student Natalie Levy and Brown student Nicole Travis, a.k.a. “TeamMummishrimp” are tending several aquarium tanks containing varyingcombinations of salt marsh grass, mummichog minnows, and grass shrimpthe students collected from Cape Cod’s marshes and ponds.The tanks are all part of an experiment that is an essential component ofThe Ecosystems Center’s Semester in Environmental Science (SES) program.“We’re looking at whether human-induced habitat changes affect predatorpreyrelationships,” says Levy, who is studying mummichogs, while Travisexperiments with the shrimp they eat.Natalie Levy, Universityof California at Berkeley;Semester in EnvironmentalScience StudentAs their Semester in Environmental Science winds down, Levy andTravis, and the 15 other students in the program, are scrambling to finishindependent projects that count toward their final grades. The experimentsand accompanying fieldwork are a large part of this 15-week program thatprovides expert environmental science instruction and encourages students to“get their feet wet.” And soon the students will present their results in a grandfinale—a day-long symposium like those professional environmental scientistsoften attend.Thanks to a consortium of more than 60 universities, and the innovativeBrown-MBL alliance, which enables the MBL to provide academic credit tostudents from a wide variety of schools around the nation, the SES programattracts some of the brightest young environmental scientists in the country.“Like so many coastal areas, the Cape is being transformed by development, so it providesan ideal site for studying classic ecosystem challenges, such as habitat and biodiversity loss,groundwater contamination, eutrophication and oxygen depletion in aquatic environments,as well as sea level rise and coastal erosion.” — Kenneth Foreman, SES Program Director

program profiles 13Levy, an environmental science major, was drawn to the course because shewanted to learn field biology outside the traditional classroom. And afterweeks of collecting specimens and data in the muddy environs of Falmouth’sWaquoit Bay and Great Sippiwissett marsh, she says the program helped giveher a good sense of what it’s like to be an environmental scientist. “You can’tlearn everything in one place,” she says. “And the SES program provides avery unique opportunity to learn things you couldn’t learn anywhere else.”The diversity of ecosystems on Cape Cod, with its kettle ponds, coastal bays,salt marshes, and oak and pine forests, is, in fact, one of the selling points ofthe course. “It’s a superb natural laboratory,” says program director KennethForeman. “Like so many coastal areas, the Cape is being transformed bydevelopment, so it provides an ideal site for studying classic ecosystemchallenges, such as habitat and biodiversity loss, groundwater contamination,eutrophication and oxygen depletion in aquatic environments, as well as sealevel rise and coastal erosion.”“One day I’d like to work inWashington, using my scientificskills to make a difference at thepolitical level.” — Natalie LevyAdd to the independentresearch a rigorous setof structured lab andfield exercises, engagingclassroom lecturespresented by a facultycomposed of the worldclass researchers at MBL’sEcosystems Center, andinformal dinners withguest lecturers who aresome of the country’smost distinguishedenvironmental scientists,and the result is a perfecttraining ground for the next generationof environmental science leaders andpolicymakers.To be sure, Levy and Travis and theirclassmates had come a long way sincethe first days when they stumbledin the muck, struggling to collectspecimens and data. By the time “Team Mummishrimp” arrived at thesymposium to present experimental results suggesting that habitat changedoes impact mummichog-shrimp interactions and feeding, they had learnedto use many of the tools environmental scientists use regularly. Theyhad grown comfortable in the field. They had mastered skills required tounderstand population and food web dynamics, stable isotope analysis, andbiogeochemistry. And they stood in front of their teachers and peers, coollyanswering tough questions about their findings.BACKGROUND: Offeredsince 1997, the Semester inEnvironmental Science offers anintensive educational experiencefor undergraduates interested ingaining both classroom and fieldexperience in this increasinglyimportant research arena.HOW IT WORKS: A consortiumof more than 60 colleges anduniversities enables the MBLto provide four credits forparticipation in the Semesterin Environmental Science. Ourpartnership with Brown Universityenables us to provide coursecredit to students attending fromschools outside the consortium.RESULTS: Forty percent of SESgraduates pursue graduate orprofessional school related toenvironmental science, education,or policy. Twenty percent are hiredback by The Ecosystems Centerin teaching or research assistantpositions, or they participate inthe center’s Research Experiencefor Undergraduate internships.FUNDERS: The Arthur ViningDavis Foundation, The AndrewW. Mellon Foundation, The StarrFoundationAfter months of hard work, Levy says SES was exactly what she’d hopedfor. “It helped me decide that I want to study environmental science at thespecies level,” she says. “And one day I’d like to work in Washington, usingmy scientific skills to make a difference at the political level.”

14 program profilesexciting k-12 teachers and studentsLiving in the Microbial World WorkshopIf Rebecca Finch had been asked last fall to write an essay aboutwhat she did on her summer vacation, it would have beeninteresting reading indeed. One of 19 middle and high schoolteachers participating in the MBL’s Living in the Microbial Worldworkshop, the otherwise mild-mannered Finch slogged throughsalt marshes collecting microbial mats, investigated slime molds,grew fungi in sawdust and grain cultures, and learned how tocatch and study all manner of microorganisms, sometimes rightbefore dinner. She even cultivated antibiotic-resistant bacteriainside a seemingly innocuous bag of supermarket lettuce.Rebecca Finch, SenecaValley Senior High School,Harmony, Pennsylvania;Living in the Microbial WorldParticipant“Microbes are the most abundant, and among the most diverseorganisms of life on the planet,” says workshop foundingdirector, Lorraine Olendzenski. “They shape the atmosphere onwhich we depend, they have dominated the history of life onearth, they’ve contributed to major discovery and understandingin the life sciences. Yet they are not mentioned in the NationalScience Education Standards,” she says. “Those of us who knewabout their importance thought that should change.”Olendzenski, an assistant professor of biology at St. LawrenceUniversity, says the idea for effecting that change through aworkshop for K-12 teachers came to her after she participatedas a student in the MBL’s graduate-level Microbial Diversitycourse in 1992. Living in the Microbial World launched threeyears later and was enthusiastically supported by the WaksmanFoundation for Microbiology, an organization dedicatedto raising public awareness of science and promoting theimportance of microbes in everyday life.Now going on its eleventh year, and with additional supportfrom the Pfizer Foundation and the NASA Astrobiology Institute,the week-long workshop offers a stimulating blend of lecturesby prominent microbiologists and inexpensive, inquiry-basedexperiments teachers can use in their classrooms to deliverpowerful educational messages.

program profiles 15Growing concerns about potentially harmful microbes and the fact thatdrug-resistant bacteria are emerging around the world, underscore theneed for more knowledge about microbes at most every age.“One of the most eye-opening labs we preformed was the one onantibiotic-resistant bacteria,” says Finch. “We used a bag of ‘washedlettuce’ and some simple pieces of equipment, and when we werefinished, we’d grown at least two antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteriafrom within the bag! Performing this lab in my high-school classroomwill really send the message home about the importance of usingantibiotics safely,” she says.Growing concerns about potentially harmful microbes and the factthat drug-resistant bacteria are emerging around the world, underscorethe need for more knowledge about microbes at most every age.For her part, Finch calls her MBL experience “invigorating” and “aonce in a lifetime opportunity.” “It was such an incredibly uniqueplace to visit,” she says. “We tried to eat lunch with different scientistsfrom the MBL every day tolearn about what they wereresearching and be inspiredby what they were doing.”Back at Seneca Valley SeniorHigh, Finch has been usingthis inspiration both to teachher students and to urgeher colleagues to experienceLiving in the MicrobialWorld for themselves. “Iwas able to do a one-hourteacher in-service this monthusing several of the labs Ilearned about. Several of mycolleagues are now interestedin attending the workshop,”she said recently.OVERVIEW: The MBL isn’t justabout higher education. We alsocultivate budding grade schooland high school scientists andeducate the public about theimportance of biological researchthrough teacher workshops, MBLtours, and science boot camps forjournalists.WORKSHOPS INCLUDE: Livingin the Microbial World teacherworkshop; Discover the MicrobesWithin! teacher workshop; MBLScience Journalism ProgramOTHER PROGRAMS: Hands-onresearch programs for local highschool students, free MBL-widetours serving thousands ofschoolchildren and the public,and ongoing dedication tolocal science literacy throughmembership on the Woods HoleScience and Technology EducationPartnershipFUNDERS: The Pfizer Foundation,National Science Foundation,NASA Astrobiology Institute,American Society for Biochemistryand Molecular Biology, AmericanSociety for Cell Biology, HowardHughes Medical Institute, NASA,National Science Foundation-Polar Programs, New York TimesCompany Foundation, WaksmanFoundation for Microbiology“Microbiology is often anarea educators don’t feel comfortable teaching, so younger studentsrarely get any exposure,” adds Finch. “High school students, especially,need to be introduced to microbiology considering the realm ofpossible career opportunities and important research potential. TheMBL workshop helps otherwise cautious teachers jump in with bothfeet.”

16 researchresearchThe MBL is one of the largest and most excitingbiological laboratories in the world.Offering a stimulating and highly collaborativeenvironment, the MBL attracts many of the world’s topscientists and is a place synonymous with biologicaldiscovery.Currently, 39 Ph.D. level investigators and their staffconduct year-round research that is leading to a betterunderstanding of our climate and planet, our ancestry,the diversity of life on Earth, fisheries and resourcemanagement, as well as global infectious diseases andother serious medical conditions.Every summer, this population swells dramatically,when hundreds of distinguished scientists gather atthe MBL’s Whitman Center for Summer and VisitingResearch and when the faculty and students arrive forour signature summer science courses and workshops.During a typical MBL summer, researchers unlock thesecrets of life by studying simple marine organisms,such as squid, clams, zebrafish, and skates. Theyexplore how nerve cells communicate, how cellsperform complex jobs, and how they proliferate. Theystudy how organisms reproduce and develop, how theyfight disease, how sense organs gather information, andhow brains learn and remember. And they raise andanswer groundbreaking new questions that can helplead to life-saving answers.

esearch 17DIRECTORMitchell L. SoginSENIOR SCIENTISTSStephen L. HajdukDavid J. PattersonMonica RileyMitchell L. SoginASSOCIATE SCIENTISTSRobert M. GreenbergJennifer WernegreenASSISTANT SCIENTISTSAndrew McArthurRobert SabatiniASSOCIATE RESEARCH SCIENTISTHilary G. MorrisonASSISTANT RESEARCH SCIENTISTSLinda Amaral ZettlerSeth BordensteinDavid Mark WelchMargrethe SerresADJUNCT SCIENTISTSIrina Arkhipova, Harvard UniversityMatthew Meselson, Harvard UniversityRoger Milkman, University of IowaWilliam Reznikoff, University of WisconsinHarold Zakon, University of TexasVISITING SCIENTISTRobert Campbell, Serono ReproductiveBiology InstitutePOSTDOCTORAL SCIENTISTSVerena BrandJoe ConsiglioAshita DhillonDaniel GoldenHeather M. H. GoldstoneContinuedjosephine bay paul center for comparativemolecular biology and evolutionInvestigators in the Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative MolecularBiology and Evolution seek to understand the molecular basis and origin ofdisease mechanisms, the evolution of microbial communities, and the influenceof single-cell organisms on planetary processes. They study microbes fromall three domains of life (Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya), their evolutionaryhistory, their interactions with each other and macroscopic forms of life, andhow members of diverse microbial communities contribute and respond toenvironmental change. The Josephine Bay Paul Center’s interlocking programsin Global Infectious Diseases, Molecular Evolution, and Molecular MicrobialDiversity foster a special environment that rarely, if ever, occurs in medicalcenters or university departments. Linkages between these biological disciplineshave far-reaching implications for identifying and one day predicting originsand dispersal mechanisms of pathogenecity, and the development of systemslevelapproaches to environmental microbiology.The center fosters many collaborative research initiatives including a molecularecology component of the Long-Term Ecological Research project (MitchellSogin’s laboratory and John Hobbie of The Ecosystems Center); phylogeneticand physiologic studies of acidophilic protists in collaboration with Peter Smithof the BioCurrents Research Center; and studies of molecular diversity amongmarine protists and bacteria (with marine microbiologists at the Woods HoleOceanographic Institution).The Josephine Bay Paul Center supports all of these efforts through itsoperation of state-of-the-art facilities for high-throughput DNA sequencing,DNA microarraying, and large-scale computational facilities within the W.M.Keck Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics Facility. The National Institutesof Health provides major funding to investigate molecular processes andresistance to African trypanosomes, which cause human sleeping sickness,gene expression studies in the human parasites Giardia, Trypanosoma, andSchistosoma, the influence of endosymbiotic relationships on bacterial genomeevolution, the relationships between diverse eukaryotic genera through genomewidecomparisons of expressed genes, and marine-related studies of humandisease through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health. TheNational Science Foundation provides support for molecular evolution studiesof endosymbionts, development of digital resources for describing microbialdiversity, and molecular evolution studies of rotifer and microsporidial

18 researchgenomes. The National Aeronautic and Space Administration supports the Josephine Bay Paul Center’smembership in the astrobiology community, while the Department of Energy continues to supportour bioinformatics initiative that focuses on annotation and evolution of gene families in the metalreducingmicrobe Shewanella oneidensis.Continuing support from the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation underpins growth and stability of thecenter, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation is supporting an International Census of Marine Microbes(ICoMM) project, which seeks to organize the international community in its effort to understandthe diversity and role of microbes throughout the world’s oceans. This is a collaborative project thatengages investigators from around the world and is managed jointly by the Josephine Bay Paul Centerand the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research – NIOZ.Educational activities are also integral to the Josephine Bay Paul Center. In addition to hosting graduatestudents and participating in the Brown-MBL Graduate Program, center scientists are involved in theMBL’s Parasitology and Microbial Diversity courses as well as the renowned Workshop on MolecularEvolution. Mitchell Sogin also co-directs, with Claire Fraser of The Institute for Genomic Research, acourse titled “Advances In Genome Technology and Bioinformatics.” Center scientists also reach out toK-12 and undergraduate educators, offering two microbiology-based workshops for teachers annually.“Good Cholesterol” Provides Humanswith Immunity to Certain Parasites:Now We Know WhyFor years biomedical researchers have known that highdensity lipoproteins, commonly called HDLs or “goodcholesterol,” are responsible for protecting humans fromcertain parasites, but couldn’t explain how. Now scientistsfrom the MBL’s Bay Paul Center have discovered thathuman HDLs work their bug-repelling magic by serving asa platform for the assembly and delivery of two naturallyoccurring proteins that combine to create a super-toxicantimicrobial.The research, published in the September 30, 2005, issueof the Journal of Biological Chemistry, focuses specifically onhuman innate immunity to Trypanosoma brucei brucei, theparasite that gives African cattle the deadly disease calledNagana, but which doesn’t harm humans even thoughscientists believe they are exposed to it. The parasite isa close relative of Trypanosoma brucei gambienese andTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the organisms that causedeadly African sleeping sickness in humans.The findings that two proteins work synergistically to killthe Nagana parasite in humans contradict a long-heldhypothesis that a single protein was the key to HDL’sparasite-fighting power. “The research may be helpful toveterinarians hoping to develop treatments to aid Africancattle farmers, who lose three million cattle and around abillion U.S. dollars annually to Nagana,” says April Shiflett,a fifth-year graduate student in the Brown-MBL GraduateProgram in Biological and Environmental Sciences and anauthor on the paper. Scientists also hope the research willprovide key information to investigators seeking treatmentsfor other parasitic infections, such as malaria.To identify the proteins—known as apolipoprotein L-1 (apoL-1) and haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr)—MBL scientiststested different amounts and combinations of the proteinson Trypanosoma brucei brucei specimens. To survive, theparasite needs to digest the lipids in HDLs. Because HDLcarries these proteins and enables them to combine, it isnature’s perfect delivery system for the antimicrobial. Andwhen test organisms digested the super-toxic protein mix,the single-celled organisms literally dissolved.Shiflett and her colleagues in the MBL’s Global InfectiousDiseases Program are focused on understanding themolecular workings of a variety of parasites, including thosethat cause human African sleeping sickness, Nagana, andmalaria. Such research is crucial to finding better treatments,and possibly cures, for diseases that are ravaging the peopleand economies of places like Africa and other developingcountries.Funding for this study was provided by the NationalInstitutes of Health.

Bay Paul Center staff, continuedresearch 19Melissa LerchJessica Mark WelchElizabeth McClimentShanta MesserliTorsten OchsenreiterNRC POSTDOCTORAL SCIENTISTJulie HuberBIOINFORMATICS TAXONOMISTAdorian ArdeleanSENIOR RESEARCH ASSISTANTSRudo KieftPhillip NealRESEARCH ASSISTANT IIIKatherine HammarSusan HuseRESEARCH ASSISTANT IIDilrukshi EkanayakeLeslie GrahamAbby LaatschAdam LazarusBruce LudersRESEARCH ASSISTANT IMatthew BeverlySarah BiberShanda BirkelandMichael CiprianoCourtney DiPaoloSara FaulknerSeth N. KauppinenMichelle MarshallWilliam MorganJennifer RoccaCatherine SweeneySusanna TherouxDaniela WilmotPUBLIC OUTREACH COORDINATORSMichele Bahr, AstrobiologySarah Rae Bordenstein, BPCMicrobiologyPART-TIME RESEARCH ASSISTANTMindy RichlenTECHNICAL ASSISTANTMorgan MandigoMBL SUMMER FELLOWSMiguel Navarro, Instituto deParasitología y Biomedicina, SpainAnton Post, Hebrew University, IsraelDavid Rand, Brown UniversityGID VISITING SCHOLARSLaura Cliffe, University of Manchester,United KingdomKatelyn Fenn, University of Edinburgh,ScotlandElijah Kem Guthui, National Museumsof Kenya, NairobiSergio Rubin-de-Celis, UniversidadeFederale de Sao Paulo, BrazilMary Beth Saffo, Harvard UniversityJean Claude Tedom, University ofYaounde, CameroonGID VISITING SCIENTISTSCassie Conley, NASALaura Cotlin, University of AlabamaMichael LaMontagne, McNeeseUniversityADMINISTRATIVE STAFFRichard Fox, Sr. Research Assistant,System AdministrationPatricia Halpin, Staff CoordinatorJonathan Neff, Sr. Research Assistant,System AdministrationTara Nihill, Center AdministratorKatherine Newhall, Staff AssistantBertil Olsson, Sr. Research Assistant,ComputationGRADUATE STUDENTSJae Hur, Harvard UniversityLorin Jakubek, Brown University-MBLGraduate StudentErica Lasek-Nesselquist, BrownUniversity-MBL Graduate StudentApril Shiflett, Brown University-MBLGraduate StudentJustin Widener, Brown University-MBLGraduate StudentSTUDENT HELPERPolina BulyginaHIGH SCHOOL STUDENTKevin Lin, Falmouth High School ScienceProject Mentoring ProgramSUMMER/TEMPORARY STAFFAlexandra Papa, University ofMassachusetts, AmherstJeremiah Bernier, Oregon State UniversityTalia Bigelow, Hampshire CollegeMegan Cohen, Brown UniversityPia Hugus, University of ConnecticutGeorge Waksman, MassachusettsInstitute of TechnologyArielle Glatman Zaretsky, BrownUniversitySUMMER HIGH SCHOOL HELPERSJohn BatterMerry BatterCaroline PierceChristopher Sylvia

20 researchPublicationsAmaral Zettler, LA;Laatsch, AD; Zettler, E;Nerad, TA; Cole, J; Diaz,FC; Diaz, J; Janzen, DH;Sittenfeld, A; Mason, O;Reysenbach, AL. 2005.A microbial observatoryof caterpillars: Isolationand molecularcharacterization ofprotists associated withthe saturniid mothcaterpillar Rothschildialebeau. J. EukaryoticMicrobiol. 52(2): 107-115.Arkhipova, I; Meselson,M. 2005. Deleterioustransposable elementsand the extinctionof asexuals. Bioessays27(1): 76-85.Arkhipova, IR. 2005.Mobile geneticelements and sexualreproduction. Cytogenet.Genome Res. 110(1-4):372-82.Arkhipova, IR;Meselson, M.2005. Diverse DNAtransposons in rotifersof the class Bdelloidea.PNAS 102(33): 11781-11786.Bahr ,M; Crump, BC;Klepac-Ceraj, V; Teske,A; Sogin, ML; Hobbie,JE. 2005. Molecularcharacterization ofsulfate-reducing bacteriain a New England saltmarsh. Env. Microbiol.7(8): 1175-1185.Bordenstein, S;Rosengaus, RB. 2005.Discovery of a novelWolbachia supergroupin Isoptera. CurrentMicrobiol. 51(6): 393-398.Bordenstein, SR;Reznikoff, WS. 2005.Mobile DNA in obligateintracellular bacteria.Nature Rev. Microbiol.3(9): 688-699.Casiraghi, M;Bordenstein, SR; Baldo,L; Lo, N; Beninati, T;Wernegreen, JJ; Werren,JH; Bandi, C. 2005.Phylogeny of Wolbachiapipientis based on gltA,groEL and ftsZ genesequences: Clusteringof arthropod andnematode symbiontsin the F supergroup,and evidence forfurther diversity inthe Wolbachia tree.Microbiology 151(Pt 12):4015-4022.Degnan, PH; Lazarus,AB; Wernegreen,JJ. 2005. Genomesequence of Blochmanniapennsylvanicus indicatesparallel evolutionarytrends among bacterialmutualists of insects.Genome Res. 15(8): 1023-1033.Dhillon, A; Goswami,S; Riley, M; Teske,A; Sogin, M. 2005.Domain evolutionand functionaldiversification of sulfitereductases. Astrobiology5(1): 18-29.Dhillon, A; Lever, M;Lloyd, KG; Albert, DB;Sogin, ML; Teske, A.2005. Methanogendiversity evidencedby molecularcharacterization ofmethyl coenzyme Mreductase A (mcrA)genes in hydrothermalsediments of theGuaymas Basin. Appl.Environ. Microbiol. 71(8):4592-601.DiPaolo, C; Kieft, R;Cross, M; Sabatini, R.2005. Regulation oftrypanosome DNAglycosylation by aSWI2/SNF2-like protein.Molecular Cell 17(3):441-451.Evgen’ev, MB;Arkhipova, IR.2005. Penelope-likeelements—a newclass of retroelements:Distribution,function andpossible evolutionarysignificance. Cytogenet.Genome Res. 110(1-4):510-21.Fry, AJ; Wernegreen,JJ. 2005. The roles ofpositive and negativeselection in themolecular evolution ofinsect endosymbionts.Gene 355: 1-10.Golden, DE; Hajduk, SL.2005. The 3’-untranslatedregion of cytochromeoxidase II mRNAfunctions in RNA editingof African trypanosomesexclusively as a cis guideRNA. RNA 11(1): 29-37.Gould, RM; Morrison,HG; Gilland, E;Campbell, RK. 2005.Myelin tetraspanfamily proteins but nonon-tetraspan familyproteins are presentin the ascidian (Cionaintestinalis) genome. BiolBull. 209(1): 49-66.Greenberg, RM. 2005. AreCa (2+) channels targets ofpraziquantel action? Int.J. Parasitol. 35(1): 1-9.Herbeck, JT; Degnan, PH;Wernegreen, JJ. 2005.Nonhomogeneous modelof sequence evolutionindicates independentorigins of primaryendosymbionts withinthe enterobacteriales(gamma-Proteobacteria).Mol. Biol. Evol. 22(3):520-32.Kolker, E; Picone,AF; Galperin, MY;Romine, MF; Higdon, R;Makarova, KS; Kolker,N; Anderson, GA;Qiu, XY; Auberry, KJ;Babnigg, G; Beliaev, AS;Edlefsen, P; Elias, DA;Gorby, YA; Holzman,T; Klappenbach, JA;Konstantinidis, KT;Land, ML; Lipton, MS;McCue, LA; Monroe, M;Pasa-Tolic, L; Pinchuk,G; Purvine, S; Serres,MH; Tsapin, S; Zakrajsek,BA; Zhou, JH; Larimer,FW; Lawrence, CE;Riley, M; Collart, FR;Yates, JR; Smith, RD;Giometti, CS; Nealson,KH; Fredrickson, JK;Tiedje, JM. 2005.Global profiling ofShewanella oneidensisMR-1: Expression ofhypothetical genes andimproved functionalannotations. PNAS102(6): 2099-2104.Kysela, DT; Palacios,C; Sogin, ML. 2005.Serial analysis of V6ribosomal sequence tags(SARST-V6): A methodfor efficient, highthroughputanalysis ofmicrobial communitycomposition. Env.Microbiol. 7(3): 356-364.Lee, WJ; Simpson,AGB; Patterson, DJ.2005. Free-livingheterotrophic flagellatesfrom freshwater sites inTasmania (Australia),a field survey. ActaProtozoologica 44: 321-350.van Luenen, HG; Kieft, R;Mussmann, R; Engstler,M; ter Riet, B; Borst, P.2005. Trypanosomeschange their transferrinreceptor expression toallow effective uptakeof host transferrin. Mol.Microbiol. 58(1): 151-65.Mark Welch, DB. 2005.Bayesian and maximumlikelihood analyses ofrotifer-acanthocephalanrelationships.Hydrobiologia 546: 47-54.Mark Welch, DB;Mark Welch, JL. 2005.Genomic approachesto rotifer ecology.Hydrobiologia 546: 101-108.Mehta, MP; Huber,JA; Baross, JA. 2005.Incidence of novel andpotentially archaealnitrogenase genes in thedeep Northeast PacificOcean. Environ. Microbiol.7(10): 1525-34.Messerli, MA; AmaralZettler, LA; Zettler, E;Jung, SK; Smith, PJ;Sogin, ML. 2005. Lifeat acidic pH imposesan increased energeticcost for a eukaryoticacidophile. J. Exp. Biol.208(13): 2569-2579.Murray, S; Jorgensen,MF; Ho, SYW; Patterson,DJ; Jermiin, LS. 2005.Improving the analysis ofdinoflagellate phylogenybased on rDNA. Protist156(3): 269-286.Noel, C; Dufernez, F;Gerbod, D; Edgcomb,VP; Delgado-Viscogliosi,P; Ho, LC; Singh, M;Wintjens, R; Sogin,ML; Capron, M;Pierce, R; Zenner, L;Viscogliosi, E. 2005.Molecular phylogeniesof Blastocystis isolatesfrom different hosts:Implications for geneticdiversity, identificationof species, and zoonosis.J. Clin. Microbiol. 43(1):348-355.Palm, D; Weiland, M;McArthur, AG; Winiecka-Krusnell, J; Cipriano, MJ;Birkeland, SR; Pacocha,SE; Davids, B; Gillin,F; Linder, E; Svard, S.2005. Developmentalchanges in the adhesivedisk during Giardiadifferentiation. Mol.Biochem. Parasitol.141(2): 199-207.Polaszek, A; Agosti, D;Alonso-Zarazaga, M;Beccaloni, G; de PlaceBjørn, P; Bouchet, P;Brothers, DJ; Cranbrook,Eo; Evenhuis, N;Godfray, HCJ; Johnson,NF; Krell, F-T; Lipscomb,D; Lyal, CHC; Mace, GM;Mawatari, S; Miller, SE;Minelli, A; Morris, S; Ng,PKL; Patterson, DJ; Pyle,RL; Robinson, N; Rogo,L; Taverne, J; Thompson,FC; van Tol, J; Wheeler,QD; Wilson, EO. 2005.A universal register foranimal names. Nature437(7058): 477.Roland, S; Bahr, M;Olendzenski, L;Patterson, DJ. 2005.“Switch onmicro*scope.” TheScience Teacher 47-49.Schaber, J; Rispe, C;Wernegreen, J; Buness,A; Delmotte, F; Silva,FJ; Moya, A. 2005.Gene expression levelsinfluence amino acidusage and evolutionaryrates in endosymbioticbacteria. Gene 352: 109-117.Serres, MH; Riley, M.2005. Gene fusionsand gene duplications:relevance to genomicannotation andfunctional analysis. BMCGenomics 6(1): 33.Sheehan, KB; Patterson,DJ; Dicks, BL; Henson,JB. 2005. Seen and Unseen,Discovering the Microbesof Yellowstone. 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esearch 21the ecosystems centerCO-DIRECTORSJohn E. Hobbie, Co-DirectorJerry M. Melillo, Co-DirectorSENIOR SCIENTISTSLinda A. DeeganAnne E. GiblinJohn E. HobbieCharles S. HopkinsonJerry M. MelilloBruce J. PetersonEdward B. RastetterGaius R. ShaverASSOCIATE SCIENTISTSChristopher NeillJoseph J. VallinoSENIOR RESEARCH SCIENTISTPaul A. SteudlerPROGRAM DIRECTOR, SESKenneth H. ForemanRESEARCH ASSOCIATESBenjamin FelzerDavid W. KicklighterRobert M. HolmesRoxanne MarinoJames W. McClellandPOSTDOCTORAL SCIENTISTSJonathan P. BensteadJennifer BowenLaura C. BroughtonJoaquin E. ChavesDeanne DrakeLora HarrisJacqueline E. MohanContinuedThe Ecosystems Center was founded in 1975 as a year-round research program of theMBL. Its mission is to investigate the structure and functioning of ecological systems andto predict their response to changing environmental conditions, to apply the resultingknowledge to the preservation and management of natural resources, and to educateboth future scientists and concerned citizens.The center operates as a collegial association of scientists under the leadership ofco-directors John Hobbie and Jerry Melillo. Because the complex nature of modernecosystems research requires a multidisciplinary and collaborative approach, centerscientists work together on projects, as well as with investigators from other centersat the MBL and from other institutions, combining expertise from a wide range ofdisciplines. Together, they conduct research to answer a variety of questions at field sitesranging from Arctic Alaska, Sweden, and Russia to Brazil, and from the temperate forestsof New England to the estuaries of the eastern United States.Nitrogen loading from septic systems to Cape Cod’s Waquoit Bay has been an increasingconcern as algae blooms continue to blanket large portions of the estuary. Recently,Ecosystems Center scientists Joe Vallino and Ken Foreman and colleagues have beenstudying the results of the installation of a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), composedprimarily of wood chips, that could act as a filter to remove the high concentrations ofnitrate through the process of denitrification. Nitrate removal since the installation oftwo PRBs in the fall of 2005 has been measured at almost 100 percent.Although the barriers are currently performing denitrification, they are also beinginundated with salt water on a regular basis rather than the periodic salt-waterinundation from storms that scientists had anticipated. Consequently, the highconcentration of sulfate in seawater, coupled with low oxygen concentration in thePRBs, has led to sulfate reduction, which forms hydrogen sulfide. However, our recentmeasurements show that total nitrate removal does not appear to be impacted by thepresence of sea water.To understand the nitrogen cycle in the soil, center scientist John Hobbie and hiscolleague son Erik Hobbie invented a method to calculate the transfer of nitrogen fromsoil fungi to plants using data on the abundance of nitrogen isotopes in mushroomsand plants of the Arctic tundra. The heavy nitrogen, or 15-nitrogen (15-N), is reducedin abundance compared with regular nitrogen, 14-nitrogen, when mycorrhizal fungi inthe soil take up amino acids from the soil and transfer these to small trees and shrubs.Nitrogen transferred from fungi make up 60 to 90 percent of the plant nitrogen at ToolikLake in Alaska, site of the center’s Long-Term Ecological Research project. This approachwas developed for use in Arctic ecosystems but will be useful for the study of plantmycorrhizalfungi relationships in other ecosystems.

22 researchThe High Cost of Coastal LivingUnderstanding West Falmouth Harbor’s Responseto Nitrogen PollutionThe beautiful beaches and harbors of Cape Cod seem to encourage more developmentand more residents each year. MBL Ecosystems Center scientists have found the perfectlaboratory for studying just how costly this popularity may be for the local environment:West Falmouth HarborFor 17 years, the Town of Falmouth’s main wastewater treatment facility has operated inthe West Falmouth Harbor watershed. Nitrogen inputs to the harbor have increased twofoldover the last few years and are expected to increase further over the next three to five yearsas a plume of nitrogen-contaminated groundwater originating from Falmouth’s wastewatertreatment plant reaches the estuary. Wastewater transported through groundwater toestuaries is a major supplier of nitrogen in densely populated watersheds, and contributesto coastal eutrophication, a condition that can cause suffocating algae growth and death ofanimal life from lack of oxygen.To assess the response of West Falmouth Harbor to rapid increases in nitrogen pollution,MBL Ecosystems Center scientists Anne Giblin, Kenneth Foreman, and Jane Tucker, andtheir colleagues from Cornell University and the University of Virginia, are studying themechanisms behind changes in the West Falmouth Harbor ecosystem during differentstages of nitrogen enrichment. The project is funded by a major National ScienceFoundation biocomplexity grant. The whole-ecosystem “experiment” mimics the transitionfrom low to moderate, and ultimately to high, nutrient loading within the ecosystem.“Because the nitrogen inputs [coming from the treatment plant] are well documented, WestFalmouth serves as a model system to study how internal nitrogen processing is altered byincreasing nitrogen pollution,” says GiblinThe scientists working on the study hypothesize that West Falmouth Harbor will respondto nitrogen pollution in phases. As wastewater inputs of nitrogen begin to increase,they expect that nitrogen fixation—the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gasfrom the air into forms that can be used by plants and animals—will be reduced. But atthe same time, the loss of nitrogen from the system through another bacterial process(denitrification) may increase. As a result, during the early stages of nitrogen pollution inWest Falmouth Harbor, plants and animals within the ecosystems may show only a modestresponse to the contaminated groundwater generated by the plume. “In West Falmouththere has been some eel grass loss but there are large areas of the harbor where eel grassremains,” says Giblin.

esearch 23Ecosystems Center staff, continuedBut as nitrogen inputs increase over time, the bacterial processes that helpreduce reactive nitrogen levels will decrease. Scientists believe that thiswill lead to a second phase of eutrophication with fairly rapid changes inplant and animal communities. For example, sea grass beds may disappearand be replaced by large mats of algae. Finally, as nitrogen inputs increasefurther, algal mats could be replaced by dense phytoplankton blooms.“With these changes in the types and productivity of plants we may seelarge decreases in the oxygen content in the water, at night, or on calmcloudy days, which could upset the delicate balance of this ecosystem,”Giblin says. “We have seen these changes in many of our other coastalponds already.”“West Falmouth Harbor serves as anoutdoor classroom of sorts during theSES. This allows undergraduate studentsto get hands-on experience in ecosystemsscience and helps us gather long-termdata on nitrogen inputs to the harbor.— SES Program Director Kenneth ForemanWhat is the future of West FalmouthHarbor? “Fortunately, because theFalmouth Wastewater Treatmentplant is implementing advancedwastewater treatment, nitrogen loadsto the harbor will begin decreasingwithin the next decade when cleanergroundwater reaches the coast,” saysGiblin. “However, we do not knowfor sure how long it would take theharbor to bounce back and whetheror not, once lost, eelgrass beds willreturn.“Besides being a good model system for the study of nitrogen pollution,West Falmouth Harbor provides a perfect opportunity for students in theCenter’s Semester in Environmental Science (SES) to become involved incurrent research. “West Falmouth Harbor serves as an outdoor classroomof sorts during the SES,” notes Foreman, SES Program Director. “This allowsundergraduate students to get hands-on experience in ecosystems scienceand helps us gather long-term data on nitrogen inputs to the harbor.”Vinton J. ValentineYuriko YanoQianlai ZhuangTECHNICAL STAFFMichele P. Bahr, Senior Research AssistantJoseph H. Blanchard, Research AssistantAllison E. Burce, Teaching AssistantDonald W. Burnette, Research AssistantChristopher P. Crockett, Research AssistantClara Funk, Research AssistantEmily F. Gaines, Research AssistantRobert H. Garritt, Senior Research AssistantAdrian C. Green, Research AssistantChristie L. Haupert, Research AssistantShaomin Hu, Research AssistantSuilou Huang, Research AssistantJ. Michael Johnson, Research AssistantBrooke Kaye, Research AssistantSamuel Kelsey, Research AssistantBonnie L. Kwiatkowski, Research AssistantJames A. Laundre, Senior Research AssistantWilliam M. Lee, Research AssistantRichard P. McHorney, Senior Research AssistantMarshall L. Otter, Senior Research AssistantChristian R. Picard, Research AssistantCarol Schwamb, Laboratory AssistantLorna Street, Research AssistantSuzanne M. Thomas, Research AssistantJane Tucker, Senior Research AssistantIan J. Washbourne, Research AssistantJ.C. Weber, Senior Research AssistantHeidi S. Wilcox, Research AssistantLaura E. Wittman, Research AssistantADJUNCT SCIENTISTSPaul Colinvaux, Smithsonian Tropical Research CenterMaureen Conte, Bermuda Biological Station forResearch, Inc.Robert Howarth, Cornell UniversityVISITING SCHOLARSNeil Bettez, Cornell UniversityMaíra Ometto Bezerra, University of São PauloHoward Drossman, Colorado CollegeJames Galloway, University of VirginiaKetil Koop-Jakobsen, Boston University Marine ProgramKarin Rebel, Georgia Institute of TechnologyADMINISTRATIVE STAFFDorothy J. Berthel, Administrative AssistantSuzanne J. Donovan, Graphics and Website SpecialistKelly R. Holzworth, Center AdministratorDeborah G. Scanlon, Projects and Publications CoordinatorMary Ann Seifert, Administrative AssistantBROWN-MBL Graduate StudentsMarselle Alexander-OzinskasGillian GalfordSeeta SistlaCONSULTANTFrancis P. Bowles, Research Systems Consultant

24 researchJohn Hobbie Named MBL Distinguished ScientistPublicationsBahr, M; Crump, BC;Klepac-Ceraj, V; Teske,A; Sogin, ML; Hobbie,JE. 2005. Molecularcharacterization ofsulfate-reducing bacteriain a New England saltmarsh. Env. Microbiol.7(8): 1175-1185.Benstead, JP; Deegan,LA; Peterson, BJ; Huryn,AD; Bowden, WB;Suberkropp, K; Buzby,KM; Green, AC; Vacca,JA. 2005. Responses ofa beaded Arctic streamto short-term N and Pfertilisation. FreshwaterBiol. 50(2): 277-290.Bernhard, AE; Donn, T;Giblin, AE; Stahl, DA.2005. Loss of diversityof ammonia-oxidizingbacteria correlates withincreasing salinity inan estuary system. Env.Microbiol. 7: 1289-1297.Boelman, NT; Stieglitz,M; Griffin, KL; Shaver,GR. 2005. Inter-annualvariability of NDVIin response to longtermwarming andfertilization in wet sedgeand tussock tundra.Oecologia 143(4): 588-597.Booth, MS; Stark, JM;Rastetter, EB. 2005.Controls on nitrogencycling in terrestrialecosystems: A syntheticanalysis of literaturedata. Ecol. Monogr. 75:139-157.Cerri, CC; Melillo, JM;Feigl, BJ; Piccolo, MC;Neill, C; Steudler, PA;Carvalho, MS; Godinho,VP; Cerri, CEP; Bernoux,M. 2005. Recent historyof the agriculture ofthe Brazilian AmazonBasin: Prospects forsustainable developmentand a first look atthe biogeochemicalconsequences of pasturereformation. Outlook onAgriculture 34(4):215-223.Chan, ASK; Steudler, PA;Bowden, RD; Gulledge,J; Cavanaugh, CM.2005. Consequences ofnitrogen fertilizationon soil methaneconsumption in aproductive temperatedeciduous forest. Biologyand Fertility of Soils 41(3):182-189.Colinvaux, P. 2005.Coping with interestingtimes. Nature 437(7058):479.Cross, WF; Benstead,JP; Frost, PC; Thomas,SA. 2005. Ecologicalstoichiometry infreshwater benthicsystems: recent progressand perspectives.Freshwater Biol. 50(11):1895-1912.Crump, BC; Hobbie,JE. 2005. Synchronyand seasonality inbacterioplanktoncommunities of twotemperate rivers. Limnol.Oceanogr. 50(6): 1718-1729.Deegan, LA; Buchsbaum,RN. 2005. The effectof habitat loss anddegradation on fisheries.In Buchsbaum, RN;Pederson, J; Robinson,WE, eds. The Declineof Fisheries Resourcesin New England:Evaluating the Impactof Overfishing,Contamination, andHabitat Degradation.MITSG 05-5. MIT SeaGrant College Program.MIT Sea Grant Press,Cambridge, MA.Deegan, L; Golden, H;Harrison, J; Kracko,K. 2005. Swimmingability and metabolismof 0+ Arctic grayling(Thymallus arcticus). J.Fish Biol. 67(4): 910-918.do Carmo, JB; Neill, C;Garcia-Montiel, DC;Piccolo, MD; Cerri, CC;Steudler, PA; de Andrade,CA; Passianoto, CC;Feigl, BJ; Melillo, JM.2005. Nitrogen dynamicsduring till and no-tillpasture restorationsequences in Rondônia,Brazil. Nutrient Cyclingin Agroecosystems 71(3):213-225.Ecosystems Center co-director John Hobbie wasnamed MBL Distinguished Scientist in July 2005.Distinguished Scientist is a special recognitionthat is bestowed on an MBL scientist withoutstanding scientific achievements and serviceto the scientific community. Only one otherMBL scientist, Shinya Inoué, currently holds thisdesignation.Hobbie has sustained an impressive array ofresearch and outreach activities for over 40 years.His research has attempted to identify the factorscontrolling decomposition and productivitywithin aquatic ecosystems. His current researchinterests center on the role of microbes in freshwater, estuarine, and soilecosystems. Field sites for this work are located at the Plum Island estuary onMassachusetts’ North Shore and the Toolik Lake Field Station on the NorthSlope of Alaska. Both are part of the National Science Foundation (NSF)’s 26sites across North America and Antarctica designated as Long-Term EcologicalResearch (LTER) Programs. Hobbie helped establish the Arctic LTER site and isthe director of the Arctic LTER project, which focuses on the ecology of tundra,streams, and lakes at Toolik Lake.Hobbie received a B.A. from Dartmouth College, an M.A. from the University ofCalifornia, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. from Indiana University. Following a researchassociate position at the University of California, Davis, and a postdoctoralfellowship at Uppsala University in Sweden, he held a faculty position at NorthCarolina State University from 1965 to 1976, starting as an assistant professorand eventually advancing into full Professor rank. Hobbie joined the scientificstaff of the MBL’s Ecosystems Center in 1976. He served as director of the centerfrom 1984 to 1989 and now serves as its co-director with Jerry Melillo.In addition to his work at the MBL, Hobbie was president of the AmericanSociety of Limnology and Oceanography from 1984 to 1986, served on theBoard of Directors for the Arctic Research Consortium of the U.S. from 1989 to2001, and served on the U.S. Arctic Research Commission from 1996 to 2004. Heis currently a member of the NSF’s LTER Program’s Executive Committee.The American Society of Limnology and Oceanography recognized Hobbie asan outstanding scientist when he was awarded the society’s Hutchinson Awardfor research for revolutionizing the understanding of the importance of bacteriain natural waters. In 1988, he received the prestigious Tage Erlander VisitingProfessor Award from the Royal Academy of Science, which supported a year oflectures and research throughout Sweden. In 2005, he was awarded the OdumLifetime Achievement Award from the Estuarine Research Federation.Hobbie has published more than 140 research articles and has edited severalbooks. His 1975 paper with Ralph Daley, “Direct Counts of Aquatic Bacteria bya Modified Epifluorescence Technique,” is one of the most cited papers in allof ecology. He is a noted author whose writings cover a wide range of topicsranging from arctic limnology to coastal ocean biogeochemistry and microbialactivity in oceans, lakes, and soils.

esearch 25Drake, DC; Smith,JV; Naiman, RJ. 2005.Salmon decay andnutrient contributionsto riparian forest soils.Northwest Sci. 79(1):61-71.Fagherazzi, S; Torres,R; Hopkinson, C; vanProosdij, D. 2005. Saltmarsh geomorphology:Physical and ecologicaleffects on landform.EOS - AGU Transactions8: 57-58.Felzer, B; Reilly, J;Melillo, J; Kicklighter,D; Sarofim, M; Wang,C; Prinn, R; Zhuang,Q. 2005. Futureeffects of ozone oncarbon sequestrationand climate changepolicy using a globalbiogeochemical model.Climatic Change 73(3):345-373.Frost, PC; Cross, WF;Benstead, JP. 2005.Ecological stoichiometryin freshwater benthicecosystems: Anintroduction. FreshwaterBiol. 50(11): 1781-1785.Goodman, SM; Benstead,JP. 2005. Updatedestimates of bioticdiversity and endemismfor Madagascar. Oryx 39(1): 73-77.Hobbie, SE; Gough,L; Shaver, GR. 2005.Species compositionaldifferences on differentagedglacial landscapesdrive contrastingresponses of tundra tonutrient addition. J. Ecol.93(4): 770-782.Hopkinson, CS Jr;Vallino, JJ. 2005.Efficient export ofcarbon to the deepocean through dissolvedorganic matter. Nature433(7022): 142-145.Huryn, AD; Slavik, KA;Lowe, RL; Parker, SM;Anderson, DS; Peterson,BJ. 2005. Landscapeheterogeneity and thebiodiversity of Arcticstream communities:A habitat templateanalysis. Can. J. Fish.Aquatic Sci. 62(8): 1905-1919.Krusche, AV; Ballester,MVR; Victoria, RL;Bernardes, MC; Hanada,L; Marcondes, R;Victoria, DC; Toledo,AM; Ometto, JP;Moreira, MZ; Toledo,AM; Boloso, MA; Neto,SG; Bonelli, N; Deegan,LA; Neill, C; Thomas,SM; Aufdenkampe,A; Richey, JE. Asmudanças no uso daterra e a biogeoquímicados corpos d’águana Amazônia. ActaAmazonica 35: 197-205.Lajtha, K., Crow, SE;Yano, Y; Kaushal, SS;Sulzman, E; Sollins,P; Spears, JDH. 2005.Detrital controls onsoil solution N anddissolved organicmatter in soils: Afield experiment.Biogeochemistry 76: 261-281.Liu, JY; Tian, HQ;Liu, ML; Zhuang, DF;Melillo, JM; Zhang, ZX.2005. China’s changinglandscape during the1990s: Large-scaleland transformationsestimated with satellitedata. Geophys. Res. Lett.32(2) art. no. L02405.Logan, J; Haas, H;Deegan, L; Gaines, E.2005. Turnover ratesof nitrogen stableisotopes in the saltmarsh mummichog,Fundulus heteroclitus,following a laboratorydiet switch. Oecologia.E-first. 10.1007/s00442-005-0277-z.McGuire, AD; Apps,M; Chapin III, FS;Dargaville, R; Flannigan,MD; Kasischke, ES;Kicklighter, D; Kimball,J; Kurz, W; McRae, DJ;McDonald, K; Melillo,J; Myneni, R; Stocks, BJ;Verbyla, DL; Zhuang,Q. 2005. Canadaand Alaska. Chapter9, pp. 139-161 inLand Change Science:Observing, Monitoring,and UnderstandingTrajectories of Changeon the Earth’s Surface.Dordrecht, Netherlands,Kluwer AcademicPublishers.Melillo, JM; Grimm,NB; Schlesinger,WH. 2005. Ecologyand the transition tosustainability. Frontiersin Ecology and theEnvironment 1(3): 3.Melillo, JM; Grimm,NB; Covich, A. 2005.NEON: lighting theway forward. Frontiersin Ecology and theEnvironment 7(3): 351.Meyerson, LA; Baron,J; Melillo, JM; Naiman,RJ; O’Malley, RI;Orians, G; Palmer, MA;Pfaff, ASP; Running,SW; Sala, OE. 2005.Aggregate measuresof ecosystem services:Can we take the pulseof nature? Frontiersin Ecology and theEnvironment 3(1): 56-59.Miller, G. H.,Mangan, J., Pollard,D., Thompson, S. L.,Felzer, B. S. and J. W.Magee. Sensitivityof the Australianmonsoon to insolationand vegetation:implications for humanimpact on continentalmoisture balance.Geology 33(1): 65-68.Morgan, MG; Cantor,R; Clark, WC; Fisher,A; Jacoby, HD; Janetos,AC; Kinzig, AP;Melillo, J; Street, RB;Wilbanks, TJ. 2005.Learning from the USNational Assessment ofClimate Change impacts.Environmental Science& Technology 39(23):9023-9032.Neill, C; Steudler, PA;Garcia-Montiel, DC;Melillo, JM; Feigl, BJ;Piccolo, MC; Cerri,CC. 2005. Rates andcontrols of nitrousoxide and nitric oxideemissions followingconversion of forest topasture in Rondônia.Nutrient Cycling inAgroecosystems 71(1):1-15.O’Brien, WJ; Barfield,M; Bettez, N; Hershey,AE; Hobbie, JE; Kipphut,G; Kling, G; Miller,MC. 2005. Long-termresponse and recoveryto nutrient addition of apartitioned Arctic lake.Freshwater Biol. 50(5):731-741.Pan, YD; Luo, TX;Birdsey, R; Hom,J; Melillo, J. 2005.New estimates ofcarbon storage andsequestration in China’sforests: Effects ofage–class and method oninventory-based carbonestimation. ClimaticChange 67(2-3): 211-236.Peterson, BJ. 2005.Abrupt climate change:Ocean salinity changesand the potentialimpacts on oceancirculation. Pp. 80-84 inHarrison, P, ed. Geo YearBook: An Overview of OurChanging Environment2004/5. UnitedNations EnvironmentalProgramme (UNEP),Nairobi.Rastetter, EB; Perakis,SS; Shaver, GR; Agren,GI. 2005. TerrestrialC sequestration atelevated-CO 2andtemperature: The role ofdissolved organic N loss.Ecological Applications15(1): 71-86.Rastetter, EB;Kwiatkowski, BL;McKane, RB. 2005. Astable isotope simulatorthat can be coupled toexisting mass balancemodels. EcologicalApplications 15(5): 1772-1782.Roberts, BJ; Howarth,RW. 2005. Nutrient andlight availability regulatethe relative contributionof autotrophs andheterotrophs torespiration in freshwaterpelagic ecosystems.Limnol. Oceanogr. 51:288-295.Vallino, JJ; Hopkinson,CS; Garritt, RH. 2005.Estimating estuarinegross production,community respirationand net ecosystemproduction: A nonlinearinverse technique.Ecological Modeling 187:281-296.van Wijk, MT;Williams, M. 2005.Optical instrumentsfor measuring leaf areaindex in low vegetation:Application in Arcticecosystems. EcologicalApplications 15(4): 1462-1470.van Wijk, MT; Williams,M; Shaver, GR.2005. Tight couplingbetween leaf areaindex and foliage Ncontent in arctic plantcommunities. Oecologia142(3): 421-427.Wan, Z; Vallino, JJ.2005. An inverseecosystem model ofyear-to-year variationswith first orderapproximation to theannual mean fluxes.Ecological Modeling187(4): 369-388.Wilcox, HS; Wallace, JB;Meyer, JL; Benstead, JP.2005. Effects of labilecarbon addition on aheadwater stream foodweb. Limnol. Oceanogr.50(4): 1300-1312.Williams, M;Hopkinson, C; Rastetter,E; Vallino, J; Claessens,L. 2005. Relationshipsof land use and streamsolute concentrationsin the Ipswich Riverbasin, northeasternMassachusetts. Water,Air, and Soil Pollution161(1-4): 55-74.Wollheim, W; Pellerin,B; Vörösmarty, C;Hopkinson, C. 2005. Nretention in urbanizingheadwater catchments.Ecosystems 8(8): 871-884.Yano, Y; Lajtha, K;Sollins, P; Caldwell, BA.2005. Chemistry anddynamics of dissolvedorganic matter in atemperate coniferousforest on andic soils:Effects of litter quality.Ecosystems 8: 286-300.

26 researchwhitman centerThe Whitman Center for Summer and Visiting Researchwelcomed 246 investigators representing 115 universitiesand medical schools and numerous NIH Institutes this pastsummer. Although the majority of these investigators wereaffiliated with U.S. institutions, 16 other countries were alsorepresented. All laboratories in the Whitman building andportions of the Environmental Science Laboratory were fullyoccupied during the summer of 2005.Research in the center again spanned the spectrum ofbiomedical research. Forty-one neuroscientists gatheredin Woods Hole last spring and summer to continue theirresearch on learning and memory, cell-cell communication,ion transport, and sensory information processing. Manyused the Woods Hole squid as a research model.In 2005 Whitman Investigators Joe DeGiorgis of the NIHand J. Peter H. Burbach, of the Rudolf Magnus Institute ofNeuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, launchedthe Squid Genome Project at the MBL, a collaborationdesigned to identify many of the genes of the long-finnedsquid. Information obtained from this effort will aid in thecomplex process of researching debilitating neurologicaldiseases, including multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateralDIRECTORGoldman, Robert D., Northwestern University, FeinbergSchool of MedicineWHITMAN INVESTIGATORSArmstrong, Peter, University of CaliforniaAugustine, George, Duke University Medical CenterBaker, Robert, NYU School of MedicineBarry, Susan, Mount Holyoke CollegeBass, Andrew, Cornell UniversityBearer, Elaine, Caltech, Beckman InstituteBeaugé, Luis, Instituto de Investigacion Medica “Mercedes yMartin Ferreyra,” ArgentinaBelluscio, Leonardo, National Institutes of Health / NINDSBennett, Michael, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBi, Guoqiang, University of PittsburghBodznick, David, Wesleyan UniversityBoyer, Barbara, Union CollegeBrady, Scott, University of Illinois at ChicagoBriggman, Kevin, University of California, San DiegoBurbach, Peter H., Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience,The NetherlandsBurger, Max, Novartis Science Board, SwitzerlandBurgess, David, Boston CollegeBuxbaum, Joseph, Mount Sinai School of MedicineChang, Fred, Columbia UniversityChappell, Richard, Hunter CollegeCohen, Lawrence, Yale UniversityCohen, William, Hunter CollegeColbert, Costa, University of HoustonColin, Sean, Roger Williams UniversityCorwin, Jeffrey, University of Virginia School of MedicineCostello, John, Providence CollegeCrawford, Karen, St. Mary’s College of MarylandD’Alessio, Giuseppe, University of Naples Federico II, Italydel Corsso, Cristiane, Albert Einstein College of MedicineDeWeer, Paul, University of PennsylvaniaDi Polo, Reinaldo, Instituto Venezolano de InvestigacionesCientíficas, VenezuelaEdds-Walton, Peggy, Loyola University ChicagoEhrlich, Barbara, Yale UniversityFay, Richard, Loyola University ChicagoFischbach, Gerald, Columbia University Medical CenterFishman, Harvey M, University of Texas Medical BranchFleeger, John, Louisiana State UniversityFleidervish, Ilya, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IsraelForscher, Paul, Yale UniversityFrost, William, The Chicago Medical SchoolGadsby, David, The Rockefeller UniversityGasparini, Sonia, Louisiana State University HealthSciences CenterGerhart, John, University of California, BerkleyGlanzman, David, University of California, Los AngelesGomez, Maria, Boston University School of MedicineGrant, Philip, National Institutes of HealthGreen, William, University of ChicagoGruenbaum, Yosef, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IsraelHartwick, Andrew, Dalhousie University, CanadaHeller, Stefan, Massachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryHershko, Avram, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, IsraelHighstein, Stephen, Washington University School of MedicineHill, Susan Douglas, Michigan State UniversityHines, Michael, Yale UniversityHoang, Quan, University of Illinois at ChicagoHolmgren, Miguel, National Institutes of HealthHorowitz, Mia, Tel Aviv University, IsraelJeffery, William, University of MarylandJohnston, Daniel, University of Texas at AustinJonas, Elizabeth, Yale University School of Medicine

esearch 27sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, andAlzheimer’s disease. The project is supported byfunding from the Laboratory of Neurobiology atthe NIH and the Netherlands Brain FoundationHsN.Biologists in the clam cluster returned to theMBL last summer to study the intricacies of the clam egg nucleus, its mitotic apparatusand the mechanisms regulating the cell cycle to learn more about the fundamentalprocesses involved in such diseases as cancer and progeria. Progress was also made onthe Clam Mini-Genome Project, led by Nobel Laureate and Whitman Investigator AvramHershko of the Technion.More than 40 articles were published in 2005, the result of research conducted byWhitman Investigators in recent years. Larry Rome’s innovative work on an energygeneratingbackpack, published in Science magazine, received national media attention.Fundraising for the Whitman building renovation project has been very successful todate. At the writing of this report, gifts and pledges to the $11 million project totaledmore than $4 million. With nearly 50% of the funds now raised, we are poised tobegin the construction project right after Labor Day. Renovations are scheduled to becompleted in the spring of 2007, in time for summer occupancy.Kaczmarek, Leonard, Yale University School of MedicineKaplan, Ilene, Union CollegeKaupp, U. Benjamin, Institut fur BiologischeInformationswerarbeltung, GermanyKettunen, Petronella, Karolinska Institutet, SwedenKhodjakov, Alexey, Wadsworth CenterKramer, Richard, University of California, BerkeleyKuhns, William, Hospital for Sick Children, CanadaLafer, Eileen, University of Texas Health Science CenterLangford, George, Dartmouth CollegeLaskin, Jeffrey, University of Medicine & Dentistry ofNew JerseyLaufer, Hans, University of ConnecticutLauzon, Robert, Union CollegeLichtman, Jeff, Harvard UniversityLlinas, Rodolfo, New York University School of MedicineLowe, Christopher, University of ChicagoLytton, William, SUNY DownstateMagee, Jeffrey, Louisiana State University Health SciencesCenterMarshall, John, Brown UniversityMartinez, Joe, University of Texas San AntonioMazar, Julia, National Institutes of HealthMcCollum, Dannel, University of MassachusettsMedical SchoolMcQuiston, Rory, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityMensinger, Allen, University of Minnesota, DuluthMoore, John, Duke University Medical CenterMorris, Robert, Wheaton CollegeNavarro, Miguel, Instituto de Parasitologia CSIC, SpainPalazzo, Robert, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstitutePant, Harish, National Institutes of HealthPerozo, Eduardo, University of VirginiaPost, Anton, Hebrew University, IsraelPrescott, Elizabeth, Yale UniversityRabbitt, Richard, University of UtahRakowski, Robert, Ohio UniversityRand, David, Brown UniversityRaymond, Wendy, Williams CollegeRhodes, Paul, New York University Medical SchoolRicci, Anthony, Louisiana State University Neuroscience CenterRichardson, Kimberlei, The Johns Hopkins University HospitalRieder, Conly, Wadsworth CenterRipps, Harris, University of Illinois at ChicagoRome, Larry, University of PennsylvaniaRosenbaum, Joel, Yale UniversityRoss, William, New York Medical CollegeSagasti, Alvaro, Skirball Institute, New York UniversitySchool of MedicineSavage, Robert, Williams CollegeShuster, Charles, New Mexico State UniversitySlaughter, Malcolm, University at BuffaloSloboda, Roger, Dartmouth CollegeSluder, Greenfield, University of MassachusettsMedical SchoolSoares, Daphne, University of MarylandSpiegel, Evelyn, Dartmouth CollegeSpiegel, Melvin, Dartmouth CollegeSturley, Stephen, Columbia University Medical CenterSugimori, Mutsuyuki, NYU School of MedicineSwedlow, Jason, University of Dundee, United KingdomVaughan, Kevin, University of Notre DameWalters, Edgar, University of Texas, HoustonWarchol, Mark, Washington University School of MedicineWeidner, Earl, Louisiana State UniversityYu, Xiang, Stanford UniversityZimmerberg, Joshua, National Institutes of HealthZimmerberg, Betty, Williams CollegeZottoli, Steven, Williams College

28 researchA New Twist on Power WalkingWhitman Investigator Invents Backpack That Empowers Wearersto Generate their Own ElectricityIn an unprecedented breakthrough in the development of portable and renewablehuman-driven energy sources, Lawrence C. Rome, a Whitman Center biomechanicsexpert who studies how muscle moves skeletons in fish and frogs, has invented abackpack that gives new meaning to the term power walking.In a paper published in the September 9, 2005, issue of Science, Rome and three colleaguesdescribed the mechanics of, and physics behind, the Suspended-load Backpack, a pieceof gear that will one day enable field scientists, hikers, explorers, soldiers, and disasterworkers to convert mechanical energy generated by walking with a heavy load on theirbacks into electricity.By carrying a load weighing from 44 to 84 pounds (20 to 38 kg), backpack testers wereable to generate up to 7.4 Watts—more than enough electricity to simultaneously poweran MP3 player, a PDA, night vision goggles, a handheld GPS, a CMOS image decoder, aGSM terminal in talk mode, and Bluetooth. The electricity can be used while it is beinggenerated, or it can be stored in a lightweight rechargeable battery for later use, greatlyreducing the need to haul and use heavy replacement batteries.“The need for electronic devices in remote areas is an increasing reality these days,”says Rome, a University of Pennsylvania biology professor who comes to the MBL everysummer to study how fish muscle is designed on a biophysical level. “Throughout

esearch 29history, humans have solved manyproblems by inventing passive devices toenhance the movements made by theirmuscles, such as springy bamboo poles tocarry loads and skis to move through snow,”he says. “The Suspended-load Backpackrepresents another passive device that mayhelp solve a growing problem in the 21stcentury.”Larry RomeThe backpack, which is currently in aworking prototype stage, is based on theexternal frame design once popular withovernight backpackers. It works by capitalizing on the up-anddownmotion of the body during walking. The pogo-stick-likemovement of the load generates mechanical energy that drives arack-and-pinion device that powers a geared DC motor that acts asa generator mounted on the frame. The load plate can be lockedto stop the device from sliding up and down and generatingelectricity.“It seems that most everyone in the world uses a backpack tocarry things, and the possibility of doing it more ergonomicallyand also providing electricity in remote areas may havewidespread benefits, some of which we can’t even anticipatetoday,” says Rome.A Pennsylvania-based company called Lightning Packs LLC hasbeen formed to further develop and refine the Suspended-loadBackpack and to develop an ergonomic backpack based on theworking prototype and initial findings. Lightning Packs hasreceived one patent, and several U.S. and foreign patents arepending for both inventions.Funding for prototyping and testing of the Suspended-load Backpackwas provided by the NIH’s National Institute of Arthritis andMusculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the Office of Naval Research.

30 researchfellowshipsMBL Research FellowshipsEighteen scientists received fellowships totaling$302,675 to conduct research at the MBL duringthe summer and fall of 2005.Angel Alonso*, Ph.D., McGill University, Montreal, Canada“On the role of dendritic Ca dynamics and electrogenesis inthe generation of persistent activity in entorhinalcortex neurons”Supported by the Herbert W. Rand and the James A.and Faith Miller Fellowships.Guo-Qiang Bi, Ph.D., University of Pittsburgh“Intracellular calcium dynamics in spike-timing-dependentplasticity”Supported by the Lucy B. Leman, Erik B. Fries, and John O.Crane Fellowships.John W. Fleeger, Ph.D., Louisiana State University“Benthic food webs in Plum Island Estuary”Supported by the Herbert W. Rand Fellowship.Ilya Fleidervish, Ph.D., The Hebrew University ofJerusalem, Rehovot, Israel“The role of late sodium channels in dynamic control ofneuronal integration”Supported by the Gruss Lipper Foundation Fellowship.Maria Gomez, Ph.D., Boston University Schoolof Medicine“Mechanisms of extra-synaptic neurotransmitter release”Supported by the MBL Associates and the Ann E.Kammer Fellowships.Mia Horowitz, Ph.D., Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv,Israel“Studies on the function and intracellular localizationof EHDs”Supported by the Gruss Lipper Foundation Fellowship.William R. Jeffery, Ph.D., University of Maryland“Evolutionary origin of neural crest stem cells”Supported by the Laura and Arthur Colwin EndowedSummer Research Fellowship.Christopher J. Lowe, Ph.D., University of Chicago“Origins and evolution of chordate brain patterning:Insights from hemichordates”Supported by the Laura and Arthur Colwin EndowedSummer Research Fellowship*deceasedOTHER RESEARCH PERSONNELAllan, Chris, University of Dundee, United KingdomAlliegro, Mark, Louisiana State University HealthSciences CenterAlliegro, Mary Anne, Louisiana State UniversityHealth Sciences CenterAmores, Ana, University of Dundee, United KingdomAndrews, Paul, University of Dundee, United KingdomArciello, Angela, University of Naples Federico I, ItalyBailey, Sarah-Jane, Keele University, United KingdomBaker, Bradley, Yale UniversityBenjamin, Sigi, Tel Aviv University, IsraelBlevins, Erin, University of Minnesota, DuluthBoehmerle, Wolfgang, Yale UniversityBrandon, Christopher, Rosalind Franklin UniversityBreneman, Kathryn, University of UtahBrown, Hannah, Harvard Medical SchoolBungert-Pluemke, Stefanie, Forschungszentrum Juelich,GermanyBurel, Jean-Marie, University of Dundee, United KingdomBushmann, Paul, Anne Arundel Community CollegeCasaletti, Luciana, University of Notre DameChang, Lynne, Northwestern University Medical SchoolChang, Qing, Columbia UniversityChiao, Chuan-Chin, National Tsing Hua University, TaiwanChitwood, Raymond, The University of TexasClarkson, Melissa, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteClifford, Sarah, University of UtahConley, Michael, Brown UniversityCuello, Luis, University of VirginiaDiMaio, Michael, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteElso de Berberian, Graciela, Instituto de InvestigacionMedica “M. y M. Ferreyra,” ArgentinaErhard, Karl, Hunter CollegeFalconi, Andrea, The University of Dundee, United KingdomFaszewski, Ellen, Wheelock CollegeFeitl, Karla, Providence CollegeFernandez Busquets, Xavier, University of Barcelona, SpainField, Christine, Harvard Medical SchoolGainer, Harold, National Institutes of HealthGeorge, Olivia, New Mexico State UniversityGherardi, Francesca, University of Firenze, ItalyGibson, Craig, Yale UniversityGoldman, Anne, Northwestern University Medical SchoolGray, Joshua, Rutgers UniversityGrenawitzke, William, Yale UniversityHadrys, Thorsten, NYU School of MedicineHaller, Jorge, Boston University School of MedicineHarrington, John, University of CaliforniaHeiney, Shane, Washington University School of MedicineHolm, Johanna, Millersville UniversityHomma, Ryota, Yale School of MedicineJang, Marcus, Brown Medical SchoolJeyifous, Okun, University of ChicagoJohnston, David, Tufts UniversityKaltenbach, Jane, Mount Holyoke CollegeKhoudoli, Guennadi, University of Dundee, United KingdomKing, Curtis, University of UtahKnatko, Elena, University of Dundee, United KingdomKosmidis, Efstratios, Yale UniversityLa Terra, Sabrina, Wadsworth CenterLafer-Sousa, Luis, Keystone SchoolLafer-Sousa, Rosa, Keystone SchoolLau, Pakming, University of PittsburghLeippe, Matthias, Zoological Institute, GermanyLewin, Katherine, Duke University Medical Center

esearch 31Dannel McCollum, Ph.D., University of MassachusettsMedical School“Genetic and cytological characterization of laggingchromosomes in S. pombe”Supported by the Laura and Arthur Colwin EndowedSummer Research Fellowship.Robert L. Morris, Ph.D., Wheaton College“Coordination of ciliogenic and mitotic cycles duringembryogenesis”Supported by the Evelyn and Melvin Spiegel and Laura andArthur Colwin Endowed Summer Research Fellowships.Miguel Navarro, Ph.D., Instituto de Parasitologia CSIC,Granada, Spain“Nuclear compartmentalization of transcriptional domainsin trypanosome”Supported by the Laura and Arthur Colwin EndowedSummer Research Fellowship.Eduardo A. Perozo, Ph.D., University of Virginia“Novel ion channels from marine prokaryotes viaecosystem-wide targeted PCR of hyperthermophiliccommunities”Supported by the MBL Associates, Stephen W. Kuffler, FrankR. Lillie, H. Burr and Susie Steinbach, and Charles R. CraneFellowships.David Rand, Ph.D., Brown University“Co-evolution of nuclear and mitochondrial proteins”Supported by the William T. Golden Endowed Director’sDiscretionary Fund.Anthony Ricci, Ph.D., LSU Medical Center“Calcium regulation of hair cell mechano-electrictransduction”Supported by the MBL Associates, Charles R. Crane, LucyB. Leman, G. F. Fuortes Memorial, Plum Foundation John E.Dowling, H. Keffer Hartline, and Edward F. MacNichol, Jr.,Fellowships.Charles B. Shuster, Ph.D., New Mexico State University“Coordination of mitosis and cytokinesis in animal cells”Supported by Robert Day Allen and Baxter PostdoctoralFellowships.Jason Swedlow, Ph.D., University of Dundee“Mechanistic studies of the human mitotic centromere”Supported by a Nikon Fellowship.Kevin T. Vaughan, Ph.D., University of Notre Dame“Novel regulatory targets during cytoplasmic dyneinmediatedtransport”Supported by the Laura and Arthur Colwin EndowedSummer Research Fellowship.Anton Post, Ph.D., Hebrew University, Eilat, Israel“Niche adaptation and evolution of marine cyanobacteria:Biodiversity and environmental genomics”Supported by the Gruss Lipper Foundation Fellowship.Li, Yulong, Duke University Medical CenterLuethi, Theres, Die Weltwoche, SwitzerlandMagidson, Valentin, Wadsworth Center, New York StateDepartment of HealthMalchow, Robert Paul, University of Illinois at ChicagoMann, Mary Anne, Columbia UniversityMillett, Andrew, Roger Williams UniversityMontgomery, John, University of Auckland, New ZealandMoore, William, Wellcome Trust Building, United KingdomMorfini, Gerardo, University of Illinois at ChicagoMorris-Smith, Lianne, Wesleyan UniversityMoshe, Yakir, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, IsraelNasi, Enrico, Boston Univrsity School of MedicineNg, Michelle, Boston CollegeOpalach, Katherine, University of FloridaPekkurnaz, Gulcin, National Institutes of HealthPerks, Krista, Weskeyan UniversityPizzo, Eliodoro, University of Naples Federico I, ItalyPollema, Sarah, University of Illinois at ChicagoPorter, Iain, University of Dundee, United KingdomPosch, Markus, University of Dundee, ScotlandProsser, Krista, Millersville UniversityPyie, Aung, Hunter CollegeQian, Haohua, University of Illinois at ChicagoRebel, Karin, Georgia Institute of TechnologyRedenti, Stephen, Hunter CollegeReznikoff, William, University of WisconsinRieder, Leila, Reed CollegeRinkwitz, Silke, Carl von Ossietzky University, GermanyRoss, Nechama, New York Medical CollegeRudich, Utai, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, IsraelSabella, Clarissa, Mount Holyoke CollegeSenft, Stephen, George Mason UniversitySerulle, Yafell, NYU School of MedicineSousa, Rui, University of Texas Health Science CenterStrickland, Laila, Boston CollegeStruenker, Timo, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GermanyTauhata, Sinji, University of Notre DameTrautmann, Susanne, University of MassachusettsMedical SchoolTucker, James, University of UtahUhlen, Per, Yale UniversityVaughan, Patricia, University of Notre DameVeena, Pata, National Institutes of HealthVillalba-Casad, Sandra, Duke University Medical CenterVillalba-Galea, Carlos, Duke University Medical CenterVitale, Rebecca, Mount Sinai School of MedicineWaguespack, Jessica, Louisiana State University HealthSciences CenterWalsh, Jessica, Columbia UniversityWang, Xiaoxiao, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteWang, Jean, Rosalind Franklin UniversityWeyand, Ingo, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GermanyWinkler, Eva, Yale University School of MedicineYamada, Atsuko, Hokkaido University, JapanYoo, Myongsuk, Pukyong National University, South KoreaZakevicius, Jane, University of Illinois at Chicago, Collegeof MedicineZhang, Jinghua, Columbia UniversityZhang, Zhi, Wesleyan University

32 researchAlbert and Ellen Grass FacultyGrant ProgramEight investigators received Grass Faculty Awards atthe MBL in 2005. The goal of this program is to takeadvantage of the collaborative environment of theMBL and bring together neuroscientists at the assistantor associate professor level from different institutionsto work together to conduct specific research inneuroscience.Leonardo Belluscio, Ph.D., an investigator with theNational Institutes of Health and Rory McQuiston,Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Department ofAnatomy and Neurobiology at Virginia CommonwealthUniversity in Richmond conducted a research projecttitled “Odorant activation of juxtaglomerular neuronsin the mammalian olfactory bulb: Contributions toolfactory sensory processing.”William N. Green, Ph.D., an associate professorin the Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacologyand Physiology at the University of Chicago andJohn Marshall, Ph.D., an associate professor in theDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiologyand Biotechnology at Brown University continued theirresearch titled “Targeting and trafficking of glutamatereceptors by PDZ domain proteins.”Richard Kramer, Ph.D., an associate professor inthe Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at theUniversity of California, Berkeley and Sonia Gasparini,Ph.D., an assistant professor in the Neuroscience Centerat Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center inNew Orleans, conducted research titled “Remote photiccontrol of dendritic excitability with light-activated ionchannels.”Mark Warchol, Ph.D., an associate professor in theDepartment of Otolaryngology at Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in St. Louis and Stefan Heller,Ph.D., an associate professor in the Mass Eye and EarInfirmary at Harvard Medical School conducted a projecttitled “Identification and isolation of stem cells from thevertebrate inner ear.”DOMESTIC INSTITUTIONS REPRESENTEDAlbert Einstein College of MedicineAnne Arundel Community CollegeBoston CollegeBoston University School of MedicineBrown Medical SchoolBrown UniversityBuffalo, University atCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCalifornia, University of, BerkeleyCalifornia, University of, Los AngelesCalifornia, University of, San DiegoChicago Medical SchoolChicago, University ofColumbia UniversityColumbia University Medical CenterConnecticut, University ofCornell UniversityDartmouth CollegeDuke University Medical CenterFlorida, University ofGeorge Mason UniversityGeorgia Institute of TechnologyHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard UniversityHouston, University ofHunter CollegeIllinois, University of, at ChicagoJohns Hopkins Medical School, TheKeystone SchoolLouisiana State UniversityLouisiana State University Health SciencesCenterLoyola University ChicagoMaryland, University ofMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryMassachusetts Medical School, University ofMichigan State UniversityMillersville UniversityMinnesota, University of, DuluthMount Holyoke CollegeMount Sinai School of MedicineNational Institutes of HealthNew Jersey, University of Medicineand DentistryNew Mexico State UniversityNew York Medical CollegeNew York University School of MedicineNorth Carolina, University ofNorthwestern University Medical SchoolNotre Dame, University ofOhio UniversityPennsylvania, University ofPittsburgh, University ofProvidence CollegeReed CollegeRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteRockefeller University, TheRoger Williams UniversityRosalind Franklin UniversityRutgers UniversitySt. Mary’s College of MarylandStanford UniversityState University of New York DownstateMedical UniversityTexas Health Science Center, University ofTexas Medical Branch, University ofTexas, University ofTexas, University of, AustinTexas, University of, HoustonTexas, University of, San AntonioTufts UniversityUnion CollegeUtah, University of

esearch 33Dart Scholars Program in Learningand MemorySix scientists were named Dart Scholars in Learningand Memory in 2005. Sponsored by a generous grantfrom the Dart Neuroscience Limited Partnership, theseawards bring top scientists in the field of learning andmemory together to conduct research at the MBL forthe summer.Elaine Bearer, Ph.D., California Institute of Technologyand Brown University“Molecular mechanisms of fast anterograde transport”Paul Forscher, Ph.D., Yale University“Role of calcium in regulation of cytoskeletal proteindynamics during axon growth and guidance”William Frost, Ph.D., Chicago Medical School“Optical recording studies of learning and memory in themarine mollusk Tritonia diomedea”David L. Glanzman, Ph.D., UCLA“Development of the zebrafish into a model organismfor the cellular and molecular analysis of non-associativememory”Daniel Johnston, Ph.D., University of Texas“Changes in dendritic excitability as a substrate forlearning”Jeff Lichtman, Ph.D., Harvard University“Synaptic circuits in fluorescent mice: Axonal arbormorphology and circuit analysis in branbow multispectralneurons”2005 Grass FellowsNine young scientists were awarded fellowshipsby the Grass Foundation to conduct research inneurobiology at the MBL during the summer of2005. The program was directed by Susan Barryof Mount Holyoke College; Daphne Soares of theUniversity of Maryland was the program’s associatedirector.Kevin L. Briggman, University of California, San Diego“Sensory integration in the toad visual system under dimthreshold conditions”Cristiane del Corso, Ph.D., Albert Einstein Collegeof Medicine/Yeshiva University“Biophysical properties of connexins isolated fromAscidiacea”Andrew T. E. Hartwick, Dalhousie University“Light-evoked calcium dynamics in melanopsin retinalganglion cells”Quan (Donny) V. Hoang, University of Illinois at Chicago“Gap junctional channel-mediated communication betweenretinal pigment epithelial cells”Petronella Kettunen, Ph.D., Karolinsky Institutet“Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the zebrafishspinal cord”Elizabeth Prescott, Ph.D., Yale University“Development of a zebrafish model system to study ribbonsynapse dynamics”ContinuedVirginia Commonwealth UniversityVirginia School of Medicine, University ofVirginia, University ofWadsworth CenterWashington University School of MedicineWesleyan UniversityWheaton CollegeWheelock CollegeWilliams CollegeWisconsin, University ofYale UniversityYale University School of MedicineFOREIGN INSTITUTIONS REPRESENTEDAuckland, University of, New ZealandBarcelona, University of, SpainCarl von Ossietzky University, GermanyConsejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientificas, SpainDalhousie University, CanadaDie Weltwoche, SwitzerlandDundee, University of, United KingdomFirenze, University of, ItalyForschungszentrum Juelich, GermanyInstituto de Investigacion Medica “Mercedesy Martin Ferreyra,” ArgentinaInstituto Venezolano de InvestigacionesCientíficas, VenezuelaKarolinska Institutet, SwedenKeele University, United KingdomMcGill University, CanadaNaples, University of, ItalyNapoli “Federico II”, Universita di, ItalyNational Museums of Kenya, KenyaNational Tsing Hua University, TaiwanNovartis International AG, SwitzerlandPukyong National University, South KoreaRudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience,The NetherlandsTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology, IsraelTel Aviv University, IsraelWellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics,United KingdomZoological Institute, GermanyHebrew University, IsraelHebrew University of Jerusalem, IsraelHokkaido University, JapanHospital for Sick Children, Canada

34 researchFriday Evening Lecture SeriesJune 17, Mitchell L. Sogin, MBL“Unresolved Mysteries About Parasites and our Oldest Ancestors”Kimberlei A. Richardson, Ph.D., The Johns HopkinsMedical Institutes“The effect of development on the activation of neuronsinvolved in neonatal opioid dependence”Alvaro Sagasti, Ph.D., New York University School ofMedicine“Cytoskeletal control of zebrafish sensory neuronbranching”Xiang Yu, Ph.D., Stanford University Medical Center“Effect of changes in dendritic morphology mediated by thecadherin/catenin complex on the synaptic properties of CA1pyramidal neurons”June 24 - Porter Lecture, Timothy J. Mitchison, Harvard University“Cell Division: From Inoué to New Cancer Drugs”July 1, Brian M. Barnes, University of Alaska“Overwintering in the Arctic: Animal Strategies for Surviving the Long, Cold,and Dark”July 8 - Glassman Lecture, Stephen L. Hoffman, Sanaria Inc.“Parallel Paths in the Quest for a Malaria Vaccine: Use of Modern Vaccinologyand Genomics vs. Basic Parasitology and Entomology to Realize the Goal”July 15 - Lang Lecture, Mark F. Bear, Massachusetts Institute of Technology;Howard Hughes Medical Institute“Modification of the cerebral cortex by experience”July 21-22 - Forbes Lectures, Roger Y. Tsien, University of California, SanDiego; Howard Hughes Medical Institute“Breeding Marine Fluorescent Proteins to Spy on Cells” & “Building SyntheticMolecules to Spy on Cells and Tumors”July 29, David L. Glanzman, University of California, Los Angeles“In Praise of Simple Minds: What the Study of Learning in a Marine Snail CanTell Us About the Biological Origins of Cognition”August 5 - Distinguished Alumnus Lecture, Wise Young, Rutgers University“Stem Cells: A Paradigm Shift?”August 12, Sally E. and Bennett A. Shaywitz, Yale University“The Science of Reading: Overcoming Dyslexia”August 19, Linda B. Buck, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center“Unraveling the Sense of Smell”Whitman CenterPublicationsAlliegro, MC; Alliegro,MA. 2005. Differentialexpression of tyrosinatedtubulin in Spisulasolidissima. Dev. Dynamics232(1): 216-220.Beaugé L; DiPolo, R.2005. SEA-0400, a potentinhibitor of the Na + /Ca 2+exchanger, as a tool tostudy exchanger ionicand metabolic regulation.Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.288(6): C1374-C1380.Brandman, O; Ferrett,JE; Li, R; Meyer, T. 2005.Interlinked fast andslow positive feedbackloops drive reliablecell decisions. Science310(5747): 496-498.Burgess DR; Chang, F.2005. Site selection forthe cleavage furrow atcytokinesis. Trends CellBiol. 15(3): 156-162.Chen, XX; Johnston,D. 2005. Constitutivelyactive G-protein-gatedinwardly rectifying K +channels in dendritesof hippocampal CA1pyramidal neurons. J.Neurosci. 25(15): 3787-3792.Collis LP; Sun Y; Hill,RB. 2005. Lengthdependentdeactivationof ventricular trabeculaein the bivalve,Spisula solidissima.J. Comp. Physiol. B:Biochemical, systemic,and environmentalphysiology. E-first.10.1007/s00360-005-0060-9.Conley, MP; Jang, MK;DeGiorgis, JA; Bearer,EL. 2005. Zip codefor the synapse: Dotransport failures causeneurodegeneration?FASEB J. 19(4), Part 1,Supplement S A506-A506.DeGiorgis, JA; Jaffe, H;Moreira, JE; Carlotti,CG; Leite, JP; Pant, HC;Dosemeci, A. 2005.Phosphoproteomicanalysis of synaptosomesfrom human cerebralcortex. J. Proteome Res.4(2): 306-315.Dorman, SC; Zito, S;Hirsch, RE; O’Herron,T; Harrington, JP. 2005.Redox behavior ofinvertebrate dodecamericacellular hemogobins:Design implicationsfor hemoglobin-basedoxygen-carriers(HBOC).Biophys. J. 88(1) Part 2,Supplement S 393A.Edds-Walton, PL; Fay,RR. 2005. Projectionsto bimodal sites in thetorus semicircularis ofthe toadfish, Opsanustau. Brain Behavior andEvolution 66(2): 73-87.Edds-Walton, PL; Fay,RR. 2005. Sharpeningof directional responsesalong the auditorypathway of the oystertoadfish, Opsanus tau. J.Comp. Physiol. A: Sensory,Neural, and BehavioralPhysiology 191(12): 1079-1086.

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Detection offree swimming prey viathe lateral line in thetoadfish, Opsanus tau.Integrative Comp. Biol.44(6): 603.Mensinger, AF; Walsh, PJ;Hanlon, RT. 2005. Bloodbiochemistry of theoyster toadfish. J. AquaticAnimal Health 17(2):170-176.Mitchison, TJ; Maddox,P; Gaetz, J; Groen, A;Shirasu, M; Desai, A;Salmon, ED; Kapoor,TM. 2005. Rolesof polymerizationdynamics, opposedmotors and a tensileelement in governing thelength of Xenopus extractmeiotic spindles. Mol.Biol. Cell 16(6):3064-3076.Ng, MM; Chang,F; Burgess, DR.2005. Movement ofmembrane domainsand requirement ofmembrane signalingmolecules for cytokinesis.Dev. Cell 9(6): 781-790.Palmer, LM;Deffenbaugh, M;Mensinger, AF. 2005.Sensitivity of the anteriorlateral line to naturalstimuli in the oystertoadfish, Opsanus tau(Linnaeus). J. Exp. Biol.208(18): 3441-3450.Pielak, RM; Hawkins, C;Pyie, A; Bautista, J; Lee,KG; Cohen, WD. 2005.Polar body formation inSpisula oocytes: Functionof the peripheral aster.Biol. Bull. 209(1): 21-30.Rabbitt, RD; Boyle, R;Holstein, GR; Highstein,SM. 2005. Hair-cell versusafferent adaptation inthe semicircular canals.J. Neurophysiol. 93(1):424-436.Rabinowitz, MB. 2005.Lead isotopes in soilsnear five historicAmerican lead smeltersand refineries. Scienceof the Total Environment346(1-3): 138-148.Rieder, CL. 2005.Kinetochore fiberformation in animalsomatic cells: duelingmechanisms come toa draw. Chromosoma114(5): 310-318.Rome, LC. 2005. Designand function of superfastmuscles: New insightsinto the physiology ofskeletal muscle. Ann. Rev.Physiol. 68: 193-221.Rome, LC; Flynn, L;Goldman, EM; Yoo,TD. 2005. Generatingelectricity while walkingwith loads. Science309(5741): 1725-1728.Silver, RB; Pappas, GD.2005. Secretion withoutmembrane fusion:Porocytosis. FASEB J.19(5) Part 2, SupplementS A1368.Strickland, LI; Wen,Y; Gundersen, GG;Burgess, DR. 2005.Interaction between EB1and p150 glued Is requiredfor anaphase astralmicrotubule elongationand stimulation ofcytokinesis. Current Biol.15(24): 2249-2255.Tao-Cheng, JH; Vinade,L; Winters, CA; Reese,TS; Dosemeci, A.2005. Inhibition ofphosphatase activityfacilitates the formationand maintenance ofNMDA-induced calcium/calmodulin-dependentprotein kinase ii clustersin hippocampal neurons.Neuroscience 130(3):651-656.Zigman, S. 2005.Ultraviolet A andcataracts: Basicresearch and practicalapplications. J. Cell Biol.45(1): 29-40.Zochowski, MR; Cohen,LB. 2005. Oscillationsin the olfactory bulbcarry informationabout odorant history.J. Neurophysiol. 94(4):2667-2675.

36 researcharchitectural dynamics inliving cells programThe Architectural Dynamics in Living Cells Program (ADLC)was established at the MBL by Shinya Inoué in 1992, continuingthe pioneering research and educational activities in biophysicalinquiries directly in living cells that were started by Inoué in 1949at Princeton University. Today the ADLC Program focuses onarchitectural dynamics in living cells: the timely and coordinatedassembly and disassembly of macromolecular structures essential forthe proper functioning and differentiation of cells, the spatial andtemporal organization of these structures, and their physiologicaland genetic control.The program is also devoted to the development and applicationof powerful new imaging tools that permit such studies directly inliving cells and functional cell-free extracts. Program members havespecial expertise in the use of polarized light for analyzing the localarrangement of molecular bonds and fine structure in biologicalsystems. Unique instrumentation developed by program membersincludes the universal light microscope, centrifuge polarizingmicroscope, the liquid-crystal based LC-PolScope, and relatedtechnology. Biological phenomena currently under investigationinclude mitosis/meiosis and related motility, microtubulecentrosomeinteraction, and cellular springs that produce nano-Newton force in Vorticella. The Architectural Dynamics in LivingCells Program is an active component of the MBL’s residentcell research group and promotes interdisciplinary research andtraining among its resident researchers, visiting investigators, andcollaborating manufacturers.During 2005, program members published articles and madepresentations on the use of the LC-PolScope in live-cell imaging;orientation-independent unbiased DIC microscopy; analysis ofthe rapid stalk contraction in Vorticella; liquid-crystal orderingin solutions of bacterial flagella; mechanisms of chromosomepositioning during meiosis in insect spermatoctyes; mappingpolymer birefringence in three dimensions using a polarizingmicroscope with oblique illumination; and imaging birefringence inreal time. All of these projects continue to be advanced by programmembers. In addition, students of the MBL’s Physiology courseand many visitors (see Whitman investigator list) took advantageof the special instrumentation for exploratory projects, includingstratification of the cytosol in red blood cells (centrifuge polarizingmicroscope), analysis of filament alignment in f-actin-based comettails of Listeria, state of alignment of cellulose in cell walls of growingplant cells, and analysis of the initial growth of protein crystals oncatalyzing surfaces (all LC-PolScope). Program members also lecturedin selected courses offered at the MBL.DISTINGUISHED SCIENTIST, Shinya InouéSENIOR SCIENTIST, Rudolf OldenbourgASSOCIATE RESEARCH SCIENTIST, Michael ShribakPOSTDOCTORAL SCIENTISTS, Yuki Kagawa, Brigitte de Saint PhalleRESEARCH ASSISTANT III, Grant HarrisPROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR, Jane MacNeilVISITING INVESTIGATORSWalter Carrington, University of Massachusetts Medical CenterCarolina Cifuentes, Wageningen University, The NetherlandsDanielle Cook France, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyNorbert de Ruijter, Wageningen University, The NetherlandsGordon Ellis, Media, PennsylvaniaSusan Gerbi, Brown UniversityJonathan Gilthorpe, King’s College, LondonMakoto Goda, Kyoto University, JapanJoseph Hoffman, Yale University School of MedicineTed Inoué, New Hope, PennsylvaniaRobert Knudson, Technical Video, Ltd., Port Townsend, WashingtonMaxim Kuil, Leiden University, The NetherlandsJames LaFountain, University at BuffaloIssei Mabuchi, University of TokyoSusanne Rafelski, Stanford UniversityAndreas Stemmer, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ZurichTadao Tsuruta, Tokyo, JapanPublication and PatentOldenbourg, R. 2005.Polarization microscopy withthe LC-PolScope. Pp. 205-237 Goldman, RD; Spector,DL, eds. Live Cell Imaging:A Laboratory Manual. ColdSpring Harbor LaboratoryPress, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.Oldenbourg, R; Shribak, M;Hoyt, CC; Török, P. 2005.Enhancing Polarized LightMicroscopy. U.S. Patent,Number 6,924,893 B2.

esearch 37boston university marine programThe Boston University Marine Program (BUMP) offers undergraduate andgraduate studies in marine biology leading to B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. degrees.The program emphasizes individual achievement in hands-on field andlaboratory work. Graduate and undergraduate students work with BostonUniversity faculty and MBL scientists as well as scientists at other institutionsin Woods Hole including the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and theNational Marine Fisheries Service. This year marked BUMP’s 36 th anniversaryat the MBL, a period that has seen significant educational and researchaccomplishments. Change will come in mid-2006, however, when BostonUniversity plans to relocate most of the resident Marine Program faculty to itsCharles River campus.Several faculty and graduate students received regional and national honorsduring the year. Paul Barber received a Presidential Early Career Award forScientists and Engineers at a Washington, D.C. ceremony hosted by Dr. JohnMarburger III, science advisor to the President and director of the Office ofScience and Technology Policy. Barber was one of 20 NSF-awardees to receivethis national honor. Ivan Valiela received the 2005 William A. Niering Awardfor Outstanding Educator. The award, presented by the Estuarine ResearchFederation, recognizes excellence in coastal and estuarine education. TheMarine Program presented the Arthur Humes Alumni Award to four doctoralstudents: Josh Drew, Vanessa Miller-Sims, Ylva Olsen, and Mindy Richlen.Three Master’s students won Rainer Voigt Memorial Awards: Erin Kinney,Nadine Lysiak, and Kristin Zilinskas.The Program’s Woods Hole Marine Semester was attended by a class of 28undergraduates in the fall. Eight courses focusing on field and laboratoryresearch were offered during the semester. Most popular was Ichthyology II,which spent 10 days at the remote Virgin Islands Environmental ResourceStation on Lameshur Bay, St. John. At the close of the semester, the annualLara Vincent Award was presented at a dinner at the MBL. This awardrecognizes undergraduates whose work during the semester exemplifiesoriginality, creativity, and accomplishment. First place went to JessicaFitzsimmons who examined the chemical nature and role of pheromones inswordtail fish; second place awards were made to Vera Pfeiffer and AnnabelleNg for their study of the oyster population in Oyster Pond, Falmouth.Jelle Atema’s work reflects a long-standing interest in the sensory biologyof aquatic animals. With colleagues from BU, the MBL, and James CookUniversity in Australia, he has been studying fish species that disperse aslarvae to learn about the spatial scales over which populations becomegenetically distinct. Surprisingly, they find that some species show geneticsubstructure at a scale as small as 1-10 km, comparable to the structurefound in non-dispersers. Behavioral data suggest these fish can smell thedifference between reef waters, raising the possibility that “homing” behaviormay account for the results and opening new avenues for marine resourcemanagement. In separate studies on odor-guided behavior and navigationFACULTYAtema, Jelle, Professor of BiologyBarber, Paul, Assistant Professor of BiologyDionne, Vincent, Professor of Biology,Director ad InterimGolubic, Stjepko, Professor of BiologyKaufman, Les, Associate Professor of BiologyLobel, Phillip, Associate Professor of BiologyRosenthal, Gil, Assistant Professor of BiologyValiela, Ivan, Professor of BiologyADJUNCT FACULTYGerlach, Gabriele, MBLGiblin, Anne, MBLLink, Jason, National Marine FisheriesWainwright, Norman, MBLSTAFFHall, Sheri, Program ManagerJeffery, Mary, Senior Staff CoordinatorJones, Mary Elizabeth, Senior ResearchTechnician, Barber LabMcCafferty, Michelle, Program CoordinatorVISITING FACULTYSimmons, Bill, Sandia National LaboratoryContinued

38 researchBUMP staff, cont.PH.D. STUDENTSAngell, CarolynChick, Ben Yue (Benita)Crandall, EricCulbertson, JenniferDrew, JoshuaFisher, HeidiFox, SophiaGrady, SaraHolmes, GabrielleKoop-Jakobsen, KetilKinney, ErinLysiak, NadineMiller-Sims, VanessaNeeley, ElizabethNickles, ScottOlsen, YlvaPhilibotte, JasonRichlen, MindySkomal, GregorySteinbach, MollyTeichberg, MirtaYork, JoannaVISITING PH.D. STUDENTShank, BurtonMASTERS STUDENTSAnnett, BrendanBlinkoff, KevinBuckingham, JessicaCermak, MichaelDale, DhiraFox, LizaGardiner, JayneKinney, ErinLysiak, NadineO’Keefe, CatherinePardede, SintaPatell, SanayaPeacock, EmilySchacter, CarleyWeiss, EmilyZilinskas, KristinUNDERGRADUATES (Fall )Albright, LindseyBentley, KatherineBogner, KariBunnag, Ramida FaiCullen, PaulDacks, RachelDubofsky, ElizabethFabian, NioraFitzsimmons, JessicaFocht, RebecaFogel, AndrewForecki, JenniferGiresi, MelissaHammer, JuliaHansen, ClareKarl, KristinaMaamor, ShahrinazNadler, LaurenNg, AnnabellePfeiffer, VeraRobertson, RussellSandercock, MariaTaylor, LaurenVollrath, KristenVreeland, LaurenWalfoort, DavidWhitten, TorreyWilliams, LisaContinuedin sharks, Atema worked with DavidBodznick, a Whitman Investigator atthe MBL, to examine the interactionbetween signals from the lateral line andchemosensory structures. The work relieson sensitive neuro-telemetry tools thatpermit freely swimming animals to bestudied.Paul Barber studies the ecology andevolution of marine populations usinga genetic approach. His laboratoryhas focused on understanding howphysical oceanography shapes patternsof dispersal among populations of fishand invertebrates on the coral reefs ofIndonesia. These processes contributeto the high marine biodiversity thattypifies the region. Barber’s laboratoryworks closely with regional conservationorganizations to ensure that the results oftheir research have a positive impact onthe management of coral reef ecosystems.As part of his outreach effort, Barberdeveloped The Diversity Project, whichtakes under-represented minority studentsinto the field in Indonesia and into hislaboratory in Woods Hole (see THE DIVERSITYPROJECT at http://people.bu.edu/pbarber/Intro.htm).Phillip Lobel studies the evolution,behavior and ecology of fishes. Hisresearch examined several broad subjectsduring the year including fish reproductionand reproductive behavior relative tophysical oceanographic variables, predatorpreyrelationships in herbivores and theirrole in coral reef ecology, ciguatera in coralreef ecosystems, new species identificationand biogeography, fish bioacoustics, andthe environmental impact of naturalcatastrophes, pollution, and man-madehabitat alterations. Professor Lobel isfunded by the Department ofDefense and serves as their chiefscientist for issues concerningcoral reefs and the U.S. CoralReef Task Force.Gil Rosenthal’s work focuses on theevolution of visual communication infish. Recent work from his laboratory hassuggested that contaminants that reducewater clarity may interfere not only withvisual communication, but also withchemical signaling in fishes, leading tointerspecies mating and hybridization.During the year Rosenthal relocated hislaboratory to Boston in preparation formoving from BU to Texas A&M Universityin 2006.Ivan Valiela and his group have focusedon the linkages between land useon watersheds and alterations of thestructure and function of salt marshand mangrove ecosystems and coastalestuaries on Cape Cod, California, PuertoRico, Mexico, Panama, Brazil, Argentina,Portugal, and Italy. In particular theresearch has been concerned with theeutrophication of coastal ecosystemsand with the consequences of increasedland-derived nutrient loading that resultsfrom urban sprawl on watersheds. Usingdata on population density, wastewaterrelease, estuarine nitrogen, and othermeasures acquired over several decades,he and his students have modeled theseprocesses to predict future impacts and theconsequences of present-day land-use andland-management decisions. In addition,this group has worked on the populationdynamics of invertebrates, most recentlyhorseshoe crabs in particular, as well as theecology and physiology of macroalgae andseagrasses. Other work includes assessmentof the decadal impacts of chronicpetroleum exposure in salt marsh grasses,fiddler crabs and ribbed mussels, andtracing long-distance migration in rightwhales by use of stable isotope contentsin baleen. Valiela’s newest book, GlobalCoastal Change, will be published this yearby Blackwell Science Publishers.

esearch 39BUMP staff, cont.PublicationsBarber, PH; Bellwood,DR. 2005. Biodiversityhotspots: Evolutionaryorigins of biodiversityin wrasses (Halichoeres)in the Indo-Pacific andNew World Tropics.Molecular Phylogeneticsand Evolution 35: 235-253.Barber, PH; Moosa, MK;Palumbi, SR. 2005. Rapidrecovery of geneticdiversity on coral reefsand the temporal andspatial scale of larvaldispersal: Examples fromKrakatau. Proceedingsof the Royal Society ofLondon, Series B 269:1591–1597.Carmichael, RH; Valiela,I. 2005. Couplingof near-bottomseston and surfacesediment composition:Changes with nutrientenrichment andimplications forestuarine food supplyand biogeochemicalprocessing. Limnol.Oceanogr. 50: 97-105.Cole, ML; Kroeger, KD:McClelland, JW; Valiela,I. 2005. Macrophytesas indicators of landderivedwastewater:Application of a δ 15 Nmethod in aquaticsystems. Water ResourcesResearch 41: W01014,1-9.Gherardi, F; Atema, J.2005. Memory of socialpartners in hermit crabdominance. Ethology111: 271-285.Gherardi, F; Atema,J. 2005. Effects ofchemical context onshell investigationbehavior in hermitcrabs. J. Exp. Mar. Biol.Ecol. 320: 1-7.Gherardi, F; Tricarico,E; Atema, J. 2005.Unraveling the nature ofindividual recognitionby odor in hermit crabs.J. Chem. Ecol. 31: 2877-2896.Hauxwell, J; Cebrian,J; Valiela, J. 2005.Light dependence ofZostera marina annualgrowth dynamics inestuaries subject todifferent degrees ofeutrophication. Aquat.Bot. 84: 17-25.Johnson, M; Atema,J. 2005. The olfactorypathway for individualrecognition in theAmerican lobster,Homarus americanus.J. Exp. Biol. 208: 2865-2872.Jones, ME; Barber, PH.2005. Characterizationof microsatellite locifor the detection oftemporal genetic shiftswithin a single cohort ofthe brown demoiselle,Neopomacentrusfilamentosus. Mol. Ecol.Notes 5: 834-836.Lindquist, N; Barber,PH; Weisz, J. 2005.Epibiotic microbes asfood and defense formarine isopods: Uniquesymbioses in a hostileenvironment. Proceedingsof the Royal Society ofLondon, Series B 272:1209-1216.Miller-Sims, V; Delaney,M; Atema, J; Kingsford,MJ; Gerlach, G. 2005.DNA microsatellites inthe neon damselfish(Pomacentrus coelestis).Mol. Ecol. Notes 5:424-426.Miller-Sims, V; Delaney,M; Atema, J; KingsfordMJ; Gerlach, G. (2005)DNA microsatellitesin Acanthochromispolyacanthus. MolecularEcology Notes 5: 841-843.Randall, JE; Lobel, PS;Kennedy, CW. 2005.Comparative ecology ofthe gobies Nes longus andCtenogobius saepepallens,both symbiotic with thesnapping shrimp Alpheusfloridanus. Environ. Biol.Fish. 74: 119-127.Richlen, ML; Barber, PH.2005. A technique forthe rapid extraction ofmicroalgal DNA fromsingle live and preservedcells. Mol. Ecol. Notes 5:688-691.Ripley, JL; Lobel, PS.2005. Reproductivebehavior of theLake Malawi cichlidTramitichromisintermedius. Environ.Biol. Fish 73: 171–180.Rosenthal, GG;Lobel, P. 2005. FishCommunication. Ch 2 inBehavior and Physiologyof Fish. Edited bySloman, KA; Wilson,RW; Balshine, S. Vol 24:Fish Physiology. Pp 39-78.Elsevier Academic Press.Rosenthal, GG; Ryan,MJ. 2005. Assortativepreferences for stripepatterns in Danios. Anim.Behav. 70: 1063-1066.Shashar, N; Rosenthal,GG; Caras, T; Manor, S;Katzir, G. 2005. Speciesrecognition in theblackbordered damselfishDascyllus marginatus(Rüppell): An evaluationof computer-animatedplayback techniques. J.Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 318:111-118.Valiela, I; Martinetto.P. 2005. The relativeineffectiveness ofbibliographic searchengines. BioScience 55:688-692.Wong, BBM; Fisher, HS;Rosenthal, GG. 2005.Species recognitionby male swordtails viachemical cues. Behav.Ecol. 16: 818-822.Wong, BBM; Bibeau, C;Bishop, K; Rosenthal,GG. 2005. Responseto perceived predationthreat in fiddler crabs:Trust thy neighbor asthyself? Behav. Ecol.Sociobiol. 58: 345-350.Wong, BBM; Rosenthal,GG. 2005. Shoal choicein swordtails whenpreferences conflict.Ethology 111: 179-186.SUMMER REU INTERNSAguila, Carolina, Valiela LabFoster, Sarah, Giblin LabFung-Kee-Fung, Lisa, MBLHalliday, Elizabeth, Woods HoleOceanographic InstitutionHattenrath, Theresa, Valiela LabPervaiz, Mohammed, Woods HoleResearch CenterShamberger, Lindsay, Atema LabSkolness, Sarah, Woods HoleOceanographic InstitutionVanderkruik, Rachel, Valiela LabWalker, Jeffrey, MBLVISITING INTERNS/VOLUNTEERSAkinronbi, Bolanle, Barber LabDeeg, Katherine, Atema LabFabian, Niora, Barber LabFindlay-Shirras, Katherine, Atema LabHashimoto, Daniel, Atema LabMuñoz, Martha, Barber LabMurawski, Jill, Valiela LabVISITING RESEARCHERSBertrand, Jean-Francois, Barber LabBush, Brian, Atema LabCastro, Paula Cristina de Oliveira, Valiela LabCastro Prieto, Aines del Camen, Rosenthal LabChavarria, Krystle, Rosenthal LabMartinetto, Paulina Maria del Rosario, Valiela LabSachse, Dirk, Golubic/Microbial Ecology courseWagner, Glenn, Barber Lab

40 researchmarine resources programsThe Marine Resources Center (MRC) is a national facility for the development and use of aquatic organisms in basicbiological research, biomedical research, aquaculture, and fisheries science. Our research programs focus on biologicalprocesses integrated at the level of the whole organism.Program in Sensory Biology, Behavioral Ecology,and Population GeneticsThe tactics and mechanisms of camouflage are being elucidated by studyinghow cuttlefish choose among their numerous body patterns when confrontedwith different backgrounds. A visual sensorimotor bioassay was used successfullyto prove that cuttlefish do not possess color vision, and hence are accomplishingcolor and pattern matching to backgrounds without the aid of color perception.At the level of the skin, we have been measuring reflectance in tiny skin patches,and relating these optical effects to skin ultrastructure.Using octopus as a “biomimetic model organism,” we havecontinued to determine the most basic set of flexible arm andsucker movements that their muscular hydrostat can accomplish.This information is being used by collaborators in engineering torefine robotic arms with higher degrees of freedom in multipledirections.For squid fishery management, we developed an acousticmethodology to map the distribution and abundance of squideggs, which provide a proxy for recruitment potential.Collaborative behavioral and electrophysiological studies usingthe sea slug Hermissenda continued with the anti-cancer drug,bryostatin (now in stage-2 human oncology testing). Recent results revealedthat short bryostatin exposures over two consecutive days prior to associativeconditioning triggered protein synthesis sufficient to produce consolidated longtermmemory.

esearch 41MANAGER, MARINE RESOURCES CENTERAND DIRECTOR, SCIENTIFIC AQUACULTUREPROGRAMScott LindellSENIOR SCIENTISTRoger HanlonASSOCIATE SCIENTISTSGabriele GerlachAlan KuzirianASSOCIATE SCIENTIST/VETERINARIANRoxanna SmolowitzASSISTANT RESEARCH SCIENTISTSteven RobertsADJUNCT SCIENTISTSMary Beth Saffo, Harvard UniversityNadav Shashar, Hebrew UniversityJean Geary Boal, Millersville UniversityADMINSTRATIVE AND SUPPORT STAFFJames Dimond, Diver/Marine Specimen CollectorEdward Enos, Aquatic Resources Division SuperintendentWilliam Grossman, Marine Specimen Collector/DivingSafety OfficerTimothy Jones, Summer Animal Care TechnicianWilliam Klimm, Licensed Boat Captain-R/V GemmaBeth Linnon, Special Projects CoordinatorWilliam Mebane, Aquaculture and EngineeringDivision SuperintendentNancy Roderick, Program AdministratorJanice Simmons, Animal Health TechnicianDaniel Sullivan, Boat Captain/ Life SupportTechnical AssistantEugene Tassinari, Senior Biological CollectorKevin Uhlinger, Research AssistantBethany Walton, Research AssistantSean Whelan, Diver/Marine Specimen CollectorErika Woods, Research AssistantVOLUNTEERSTess Casey, AmericorpsJim Dudac, Senior AmericorpsBill Geise, Senior AmericorpsJean Lemeiux, Retired Senior Volunteer ProgramDaniel SchoonoverLeo Stanford, Senior AmericorpsINTERNSAmanda Carroll, Falmouth High SchoolEllisa Cygan, Cape Cod Community CollegeTaylor Hartley, University of Rhode IslandColden McClurg, SUNY PotsdamWhen bryostatin was administered simultaneously with theubiquitin-proteosome inhibitor, lactacystin, long-term retentionpersisted beyond five days post-training (PNAS 105: 16432-16437. 2005). This research suggests possible beneficial effects forbryostatin’s use with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.We showed that cod at Georges Bank consists of two geneticallydifferent populations, one spawning in the spring, one in the fall.Only one population is protected during its spawning period.Larvae of the coral reef fish (cardinal fish, Apogonidae) differedgenetically between adjacent reefs on a geographical scale of3 to 18 km; 75% of the larvae could be genetically assigned totheir local reefs. We showed that coral reef fish larvae might useolfactory cues to return to their natal reefs after their pelagicphase.Female zebrafish suppress other female’s reproduction bypheromones. The presence of male pheromones enhance thenumber and quality of eggs (Animal Behaviour, in press).Program in Scientific AquacultureA major disease concern for many cultured marine fish species,nodavirus, has affected commercial culture of Atlantic cod andother groundfish. Our specific viral detection techniques usingreal-time PCR have been effectively used to screen larval fish forcommercial growers. We are exploringmeans of developing recombinantvaccines for prevention of nodavirus infish populations.DNA markers were developed andcharacterized for the bay scallop.These genetic markers are being usedto demonstrate the contribution ofhatchery-reared scallops in populationenhancement efforts.Several projects were completed thatfacilitate our understanding of growthregulation in fish. These projects includethe laboratory characterization of new zebrafish growth anddifferentiation factors and field experiments designed to examineperch somatic growth. Ongoing research includes efforts toimprove growth rates in salmonids by modifying activity ofmyostatin.Continued

42 researchMarine Resources Programs Staff, cont.LABORATORY OF ROGER HANLONSTAFFRoger Hanlon, Senior ScientistAlexandra Barbosa, Ph.D. Student, Universidade do PortoKendra Buresch, Research Assistant IIIJustin Grubich, Postdoctoral InvestigatorDawn LoBaugh, Masters StudentLydia Mathger, Research AssociateVISITING INVESTIGATORSPhilip Alatalo, Research Consultant, Woods HoleOceanographic InstitutionCharlie Chubb, University of California, IrvineChuan-Chin Chiao, National Tsing Hua University, TaiwanJohn W. Forsythe, University of Texas Medical BranchPhilip McFadden, Oregon State UniversityDan-Eric Nilsson, Lund UniversityHanu Singh, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionKenneth G. Foote, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDaniel E. Morse, University of California, Santa BarbaraINTERNSHidehiko Hashimoto, Tokyo University of Marine Scienceand TechnologySarrah Kaye, Oxford UniversityKarena Lloyd-Knight, East Stroudsburg UniversityAnnie Shea, Tufts UniversitySimon Minor, Cape Cod Community CollegeLABORATORY OF ALAN KUZIRIANSTAFFAlan Kuzirian, Associate ScientistHerman Epstein, Investigator, Emeritus, BrandeisUniversityVISITING INVESTIGATORSDaniel L. Alkon, Director, Blanchette RockefellerNeurosciences Institute, John Hopkins UniversityRyo Kawai, Post-doctoral Fellow, BlanchetteRockefeller Neurosciences Institute, John HopkinsUniversityManabu Sakakibara, Professor, Laboratory ofNeurobiology & Engineering, Tokai University,Shizuoka, JapanTakeshi Karasawa, Graduate Student, Laboratoryof Neurobiology & Engineering, Tokai University,Shizuoka, JapanINTERNSJosiah Coffey, Cape Cod Community CollegeChristopher Gagliardi, Rogers Williams UniversityChristie (Taylor) Parrish, University of MichiganCollaboration with Becky Gast of the Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution includes using nested PCR detection; we areconducting environmental studies of sediment, water column,and marine snow samples to identify reservoirs of Quahog ParasiteUnknown (QPX), a disease-causing agent in hard clams, and howthe QPX content of those reservoirs vary with environmentalfactors. A real-time PCR quantification method for QPX is beingverified for use as a diagnostic method. We are examining the bestgrowing conditions for hard clams in areas known to be infectedwith QPX while evaluating environmental conditions that maypromote the occurrence of the disease or have an environmentaleffect on the clam’s hemocyte function. A description of lobstershell disease and potential causes are being investigated.We continued our scientific project titled, “Feed the fish to feedthe people” to develop fish diets from native vegetation in Haiti.We worked in Haiti to develop field trials of our diets and findother protein sources to enhance diet formulation and transferredthe simple technology for manufacturing feeds to our Haitiancollaborators. Haitian feed trial results were similar to our MBLtrials last year; six pounds of previouslyunvalued vegetation yielded one poundof high quality fish protein. Our currentstudies focus on ways to turn agriculturalwaste into fermented protein for inclusionwith further improved fish diets.We have discovered that two clam speciesthat apparently do not cross-breed in theirnative habitats will cross-breed in thelaboratory. This may be important from acommercial perspective because one of thespecies, Spisula solidissima (Atlantic surf clam) supports a multimilliondollar fishery and is being developed for aquaculture. Theother species, Mulinia lateralis (coot clam), is easily cultured, hasa short generation time, and high reproductive rate. The hybridprogeny appear to grow faster and may prove to be advantageousfor aquaculture.Continued

PublicationsAlkon, DL; Epstein, H;Kuzirian, A; Bennett,MC; Nelson, TJ. 2005.Protein synthesisrequired for long-termmemory is inducedby PKC activation ondays before associativelearning. PNAS 102(45):16432-16437.Behrmann-Godel, J;Gerlach, G; Eckmann,R. 2005. Kin andpopulation recognitionin sympatric LakeConstance perch(Perca fluviatilis): Canassortative shoaling drivepopulation divergence?Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.59(4): 461-468.Biga, PR; Roberts, SB;Iliev, DB; McCauley,LAR; Moon, JS;Collodi, P; Goetz, FW.2005. The isolation,characterization, andexpression of a novelGDF11. Comp. Biochem.Physiol. B 141(2): 218-230.Chiao, CC; Kelman,EJ; Hanlon, RT. 2005.Disruptive bodypatterning of cuttlefish(Sepia officinalis) requiresvisual informationregarding edges andcontrast of objectsin natural substratebackgrounds. Biol. Bull.208(1): 7-11.Chistoserdov, A;Smolowitz, R; Mirasol,F; Hsu, A. 2005.Culture-dependentcharacterization of themicrobial communityassociated with epizooticshell disease lesionsin American lobster,Homarus americanus. J.Shellfish Res. 24: 741-748.Chistoserdov, A;Gubbala, SL; Mirazol,F; Smolowitz R; Hsu A.2005. A microbiologicalassessment of epizooticshell disease in theAmerican lobsterindicates it strictlydermal origin. Pp. 12-20in Tlusty, MF; Halvorson,HO; Smolowitz, R;Sharma. U, eds. LobsterShell Disease Workshop.Aquatic Forum Series05-1. New EnglandAquarium, Boston, MA.Gerlach, G. 2005.Die Hausmaus(Mus musculus). InWildlebende SäugetiereBaden-Württembergs.Verlag Eugen UlmerStuttgart.Hanlon, RT; Naud, MJ;Shaw, PW; Havenhand,JN. 2005. Behaviouralecology—Transientsexual mimicry leadsto fertilization. Nature433(7023): 212.Jentoft, S; Topp, N;Seeliger, M; Malison,JA; Barry, TP; Held, JA;Roberts, S; Goetz, F.2005. Lack of growthenhancement byexogenous growthhormone treatmentin yellow perch (Percaflavescens) in fourseparate experiments.Aquaculture 250(1-2):471-479.Lyons, MM; Ward, EJ;Smolowitz, R; Uhlinger,KR; Gast, RJ. 2005.Lethal marine snow:Pathogen of bivalvemollusc concealed inmarine aggregates.Limnol. Oceanogr. 50(6):1983-1988.Mensinger, AF; Walsh,PJ; Hanlon, RT. 2005.Blood biochemistry ofthe oyster toadfish. J.Aquatic Animal Health17(2): 170-176.Miller-Sims, V; Delaney,M; Atema, J; Kingsford,MJ; Gerlach, G. 2005.DNA microsatellites inthe neon damselfish(Pomacentrus coelestis).Mol. Ecol. Notes 5(2):424-426.Miller-Sims, V; Delaney,M; Atema, J; Kingsford,MJ; Gerlach, G. 2005.DNA microsatelliteprimers in the spinychromis (Acanthochromispolyacanthus). Mol. Ecol.Notes 5: 841-843.Naud, MJ; Shaw, PW;Hanlon, RT; Havenhand,JN. 2005. Evidence forbiased use of spermsources in wild femalegiant cuttlefish (Sepiaapama). Proc. Royal Soc.London B. 272(1567):1047-1051.Roberts, S; Romano,C; Gerlach, G. 2005.Characterization of ESTderived SSRs from thebay scallop, Argopectenirradians. Mol. Ecol. Notes5(3): 567-568.Roberts, SB. 2005. Newmolecular techniquesto detect nodavirus inAtlantic cod hatcheries.Global AquacultureAdvocate 8(2): 56-57.Saidel, WM; Shashar,N; Schmolesky, MT;Hanlon, RT. 2005.Discriminative responsesof squid (Loligo pealeii)photoreceptors topolarized light. Comp.Biochem. Physiol. Part A142: 340-346.Smolowitz, R;Chistoserdov, A; Hsu,A. 2005. Descriptionof the pathology ofepizootic shell diseasein the American lobster,Homarus Americanus, H.Milne Edwards 1837.Journ. of Shellfish Res.24(3): 749-756.Smolowitz, R;Chistoserdov, A; Hsu,A. 2005. Epizootic shelldisease in Americanlobster, Homarusamericanus. Pp. 1-11 inTlusty, MF; Halvorson,HO; Smolowitz, R;Sharma. U, eds. LobsterShell Disease Workshop.Aquatic Forum Series05-1. New EnglandAquarium, Boston, MA.Tlusty, M; Halvorson, H;Smolowitz, R; Sharma,U. 2005. State of LobsterScience: Lobster ShellDisease Workshop.Aquatic Forum Series05-1. New EnglandAquarium, Boston.Marine Resources Programs Staff, cont.LABORATORY OF GABRIELE GERLACHSTAFFGabriele Gerlach, Associate ScientistAndrea Hodgins-Davis, Research AssistantTimothy Jones, Summer Research AssistantINTERNSCarla Avolio, The University of SydneyMichael Bennie, Cape Cod AcademyDesiree Corideo, University of Rhode IslandTimothy Jones, Bates CollegeAlexis Rife, Boston CollegeGRADUATE STUDENTSEmily Weiss, Boston University Marine ProgramKristen Zilinskas, Boston University Marine ProgramLABORATORY OF STEVEN ROBERTSSTAFFSteven Roberts, Assistant Research ScientistChristina Romano, Research AssistantRaquel Sussman, InvestigatorINTERNSChristopher Dickson, University of ColoradoElie Diner, University of RochesterAngela Sampson, Massachusetts Maritime AcademyThanh Vo, Massachusetts Maritime AcademyLABORATORY OF ROXANNA SMOLOWITZSTAFFRoxanna Smolowitz, Veterinarian and Associate ScientistDaniel Johnson, Animal Care Assistant, MammalianAnimal CareJet Stukey, Research Assistant, Mammalian Animal CareKevin Uhlinger, Research AssistantVETERINARY INTERNJulie Cavin, North Carolina State UniversityGRADUATE STUDENTMaille Lyons, University of Connecticutresearch 43LABORATORY OF SCOTT LINDELLScott Lindell, Marine Resources Center Managerand Director, Scientific Aquaculture Program

44 researchprogram in molecular physiologyDIRECTORPeter J.S. SmithPROGRAMADMINISTRATORTiffany Van MooyADJUNCT SCIENTISTSAyse Dosemici, NNDS,NIH, BethesdaMiguel Holmgren, NNDS,NIH, BethesdaGeorge Holz, New YorkUniversityRon Pethig, Universityof Northern WalesBIOCURRENTSRESEARCH CENTERDIRECTORPeter J.S. SmithPROGRAMADMINISTRATORTiffany Van MooyRESEARCH ASSISTANTSCIENTISTSMark MesserliEmma HeartPOSTDOCTORALSCIENTISTSLeon CollisDamon OsbournAnthony MolinaRESEARCH ASSOCIATERichard SangerBROWN UNIVERSITYROTATIONLorin JakubekRESEARCH ASSISTANTSDaniel BogorffErica CorsonCraig HamiltonRobert LewisGRAPHICS ANDDATABASE DEVELOPERTamara ClarkINFORMATICSDave RemsenSUMMER INTERNJames PringleLABORATORY OFROBERT GREENBERGASSOCIATE SCIENTISTRobert GreenbergPOSTDOCTORALSCIENTISTShanta MesserliJoseph ConsiglioRESEARCH ASSISTANTChristine EvolaWill MorganThe goal of the Program in Molecular Physiology (PMP) is to advance our knowledgeof basic and biomedical problems through the study of cellular dynamics in the livingcell. Most of the work being done focuses on physiological and transport dynamics atthe molecular, cellular, and systemic level. An important component of these studies isthe development and application of advanced techniques for the detection of specificmolecules and structures. This is largely the activity taking place in the BioCurrentsResearch Center (BRC), a significant part of the Program funded by the National Centerfor Research Resources (NCCR:NIH). This work follows a long and successful traditionwithin the MBL community for the non-invasive study of living cells, notably pursuedby Shinya Inoué and Rudolf Oldenbourg of the Architectural Dynamics Program, aleading component of cell sciences at the MBL. The focus of the research within theBRC group and our collaborators is the use of boundary layer electrochemistry to detectthe transport of selected solutes across the plasma membrane. This research programcontinues to offer access to advanced electrochemistry, electrophysiology, and imagingtechniques—the latter includes low light and luminescent, as well as spinning discconfocal. The laboratory of Robert Greenberg, the second major component of thePMP, is working to better understand the neuromuscular system of schistosomes atthe molecular level, with an eventual goal being to provide possible molecular targetsfor new, potent and specific antiparasitic agents. Schistosomes, or blood flukes, areflatworms that parasitize humans and cause schistosomiasis, a widespread tropicaldisease that affects approximately 200 million people, killing as many as 280,000 peopleper year. Greenberg’s lab brings a strong molecular perspective to the program, as wellas a very interesting biological challenge.Over the past year Greenberg’s group has continued to study voltage-gated calciumchannels (VGCCs) from schistosomes, which express a VGCC β subunit subtypewith unique structural and functional characteristics, including the ability to conferpraziquantel sensitivity to VGCCs that normally do not respond to the drug. This βsubunit is also unique because it lacks two highly conserved consensus protein kinase Cphosphorylation sites in a critical region of the protein. They have proposed that thosemissing sites are determinants of the unusual functional properties and pharmacologicalsensitivities of this β subunit, and are using site-directed mutagenesis to test thathypothesis. Several other biophysical and molecular aspects of this channel are alsobeing studied. In addition to this work, Greenberg and colleagues are examining nitricoxide (NO) regulatory pathways in schistosomes. To date, they have demonstrated thepresence and distribution of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and enzymaticactivity in adult schistosomes. Using fluorescent probes, they have demonstrated theproduction and distribution of authentic NO in living worms. Currently, this aspectof Greenberg’s work is developing the use of high-throughput methods to defineNO-responsive genes in schistosomes. This part of the study is being pursued incollaboration with Andrew McArthur of the Bay Paul Center.

esearch 45The BRC has hit the ground running in this first year of the new funding cycle, alreadyachieving certain key goals, as well as developing several new ones. A long-term challengeof remote positional control of electrochemical sensors was published this year by usingimpedance feedback to regulate sample-probe separation. New electrochemical methodsare being explored for the detection of glycerol, phosphate, amines, and lactate all inresponse to our strong collaborative group. Technical advances in mapping channelactivities and drug transporters have also occurred. Two reviews, one in plant sciences andthe other in neurosciences, are in press, covering the self-referencing technique developedprimarily by the BRC. Imaging capabilities have expanded, particularly with regard to lowlight luminescent methods targeted for studies on metabolism through luciferin/luciferaseATP dependent interaction. For these experiments, developed and now available, are viralluciferase constructs for transfection. A long-term endeavor of the group is the modeling ofion distribution and diffusion behavior with the boundary layer of isolated cells and withinthe tortuous intercellular space of tissue. This work has moved forward in collaborationwith the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Facility, Carnegie Mellon (www.mcell.psc.edu/apps4.html). This year also saw the first use of dielectrophoresis and electrorotation formeasurement of membrane characteristics and cell manipulation. To define the transportmechanisms behind solute movements, pharmacology is a critical tool. To ease the useof these compounds and to more accurately establish experimental protocols, the BRCPharmabase (Pbase) project has continued to expand and has added a graphics search toolto this open access database (www.Pharmabase.org). Pbase will also feature as a chapter inCurrent Protocols in Bioinformatics (Wiley and Sons, in press).The program continues its tradition of extensive outreach through collaborative science.This reporting year saw over 40 visiting investigators/collaborators working with membersof the program on both applications and instrument development. Members of theprogram continue to contribute and support off-campus grant applications. This year thebiological and biomedical studies have shown a growing emphasis on cellular metabolism,with a notable concentration of effort in diabetes-related research but also on single neuronmetabolism and manipulation. These disciplines take advantage of many unique toolsand talents here at the MBL and have led to several high-profile publications and verypromising avenues of enquiry. Two collaborative modules were also launched this year—Toxicology and Physiology of Development, and Polarity. The BRC, in conjunction withSociety for Developmental Biology (SDB), is sponsoring their first focused workshop on thephysiology of polarity and development (www.BioCurrents.org/polaritysession.html). Thisnew venture is being organized by Mike Levin of the Forsyth Institute (Harvard) and willtake place before the main SDB meeting in June 2006 in Ann Arbor.PublicationsBeaulieu, V; Da Silva, N;Pastor-Soler, N; Brown,CR; Smith, PJS; Brown,D; Breton, S. 2005.Modulation of the actincytoskeleton via gelsolinregulates vacuolar. J.Biol. Chem. 280(9): 8452-8463.Brown, MA; Begley, GS;Czerwiec, E; Stenberg,LM; Jacobs, M; Kalume,DE; Roepstorff, P;Stenflo, J; Furie, BC;Furie, B. 2005. Precursorsof novel Gla-containingconotoxins containa carboxy-terminalrecognition site thatdirects β-Carboxylation.Biochemistry 44(25):9150-9159.Garber, SS; Messerli,MA; Hubert, M;Lewis, R; Hammar, K;Indyk, E; Smith, PJS.2005. Monitoring Clmovementin single cellsexposed to hypotonicsolution. J. MembraneBiol. 203(2): 101-110.Greenberg, RM. 2005.Are Ca (2+) channelstargets of praziquantelaction? Int. J. Parasitol.35(1): 1-9.Li, RL; Chase, M; Jung,SK; Smith, PJS; Loeken,MR. 2005. Hypoxicstress in diabeticpregnancy contributesto impaired embryogene expression anddefective developmentby inducing oxidativestress. Am. J. Physiol.Endocrinol. Metabolism289(4): E591-E599.MacLellan, JD; Gerrits,MF; Gowing, A; Smith,PJS; Wheeler, MB;Harper, ME. 2005.Physiological increasesin uncoupling protein3 augment fatty acidoxidation and decreasereactive oxygen speciesproduction withoutuncoupling respirationin muscle cells. Diabetes54(8): 2343-2350.Messerli, MA; Amaral-Zettler, LA; Zettler, E;Jung, SK; Smith, PJS;Sogin, ML. 2005. Lifeat acidic pH imposesan increased energeticcost for a eukaryoticacidophile. J. Exp. Biol.208: 2569-2579.Osbourn, DM; Sanger,RH; Smith, PJ. 2005.Determination of singlecelloxygen consumptionwith impedancefeedback for control ofsample-probe separation.Analytical Chem. 77(21):6999-7004.Pethig, R; Jakubek, L;Sanger, RH: Heart, E;Corson, E; Smith, PJS.2005. Electrokineticmeasurements ofmembrane capacitanceand conductance forpancreatic β-cells. IEEProc. Nanobiotechnol.152: 189-193Twig, G; Graf, SA;Messerli, MA; Smith,PJS; Yoo, SH; Shirihai,OS. 2005. Synergisticamplification of betaamyloid-and interferongamma-inducedmicroglial neurotoxicresponse by the senileplaque componentchromogranin A. Am.J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.288(1): C169-C175.

46 researchlaboratory of aquatic biomedicineSENIOR SCIENTISTCarol L. ReinischASSISTANT RESEARCHSCIENTISTRachel CoxPOSTDOCTORALSCIENTISTJill KreilingVISITING INVESTIGATORRaymond Stephens,Boston UniversityOur goal is to use marine animals as biomedical models. Wehave explored mechanisms of neurotoxicity using surf clamembryos (Spisula solidissima). We have discovered that a mixtureof chemicals found in polluted wells in Brick, New Jersey, causesan increase in an enzyme critical for neuronal development. Byfocusing on the p53 gene family, we have proven that p73 (notp53) may be exclusively expressed by Spisula neurons. Whetheror not p73 is a molecular target of environmental neurotoxinsremains to be determined.In our second model, we define the impact of environmentalcontaminants on a leukemia developed by blue mussels (Mytilusedulis). In collaboration with Environment Canada, we havediscovered that industrial chemicals plus untreated human wasteresults in much higher levels of leukemia throughout a pollutedharbor in Pictou, Nova Scotia. We have also discovered leukemiain Mytilus trossolus in Vancouver Harbor, British Columbia.We use both molecular and cellular assays to determine thelevel of toxicity and carcinogenicity in these molluscan species.Currently we are examining mechanisms of action using zebrafishembryos where more powerful and accurate probes are availablefor our research.PublicationsDewilde, S; Ebner, B;Vinck, E; Gilany, K;Hankeln, T; Burmester,T; Kreiling, J; Reinisch,C; Vanfleteren, JR;Kiger, L; Marden, MC;Hundahl, C; Fago,A; Van Doorslaer, S;Moens, L. 2006. Thenerve hemoglobin of thebivalve mollusc Spisulasolidissima: Molecularcloning, ligand bindingstudies, and phyogeneticanalysis. J Biol Chem 281:5364-5372.Muttray, AF; Cox, RL;St-Jean, S; van Poppelen,P; Reinisch, CL; Baldwin,SA. 2005. Identificationand phylogeneticcomparison of p53 intwo distinct musselspecies (Mytilus).Comp. Biochem. Physiol.C140(2): 237-250.St-Jean, SD; Stephens,RE; Courtenay, SC;Reinisch, CL. 2005.Detecting p53 familyproteins in haemocyticleukemia cells of Mytilusedulis from PictouHarbour, Nova Scotia,Canada. Can. J. FisheriesAquatic Sci. 62(9): 2055-2066.

esearch 47ADJUNCT SCIENTISTSBarbara C. FurieBruce FurieLeisa StenbergVISITING SCIENTISTJohan Stenflo, Universityof Lund, SwedenASSISTANT RESEARCHSCIENTISTMark BrownPublicationBrown, MA; Begley, GS;Czerwiec, E; Stenberg,LM; Stenflo, J; Jacobs, M;Kalume, DE; Roepstorff, P;Furie, BC; Furie, B. 2005.Precursors of novel Glacontainingconotoxinscontain a carboxy-terminalrecognition site thatdirects γ−carboxylation.Biochemistry 44: 9150-9159.laboratory of barbara furie and bruce furieγ−Carboxyglutamic acid is a calcium-binding amino acid that isfound in the conotoxins of the cone snail, Conus. This laboratoryinvestigates the vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of this aminoacid in Conus and other marine invertebrates. This satellitelaboratory relates closely to the main laboratory, the Center forHemostasis and Thrombosis, at Harvard Medical School in Boston.The marine cone snail is the sole invertebrate known to containthe vitamin K-dependent amino acid, γ−carboxyglutamic acid(Gla). This amino acid is found in conotoxins within its venom.During the past year, we have proven that γ−carboxylation is aposttranslational process and not a cotranslational process. Novelconotoxins containing γ−carboxyglutamicacid were cloned, and found to have acarboxylation recognition site downstreamof the target glutamic acids instead of theusual upstream site within the codingregion of the propeptide.We have cloned and compared theγ−glutamyl carboxylase from vertebratesand invertebrates—the enzyme required tosynthesize γ-carboxyglutamic acid—anddemonstrated marked sequence similaritydespite evolutionary divergence over500 million years ago. These resultsdemonstrate the vitamin K-dependentbiosynthesis of Gla is a highly conserved function in the animalkingdom. To identify novel Gla containing proteins conservedin animal species, we are identifying novel vitamin K-dependentproteins in invertebrates and hemichordates.

48 researchlaboratory of norman wainwrightThe mission of this laboratory isto understand the molecular defensemechanisms exhibited by marineinvertebrates in response to invasionby bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Theirprimitive immune systems demonstrateunique and powerful strategies forsurvival in diverse marine environments.The key model has been the horseshoecrab, Limulus polyphemus. Limulushemocytes exhibit a very sensitive LPStriggeredprotease cascade that resultsin blood coagulation. Several proteinsfound in the hemocyte and hemolymphdisplay microbial binding propertiesthat contribute to antimicrobialdefense. Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)is being adapted for use as a tool toassess bioburden on spacecraft and tosearch for microbial life in the universe.Collaborations with several NASA centersare actively developing technology in thefield of astrobiology.SENIOR SCIENTISTNorman WainwrightRESEARCH ASSISTANTSAlice ChildKendra WilliamsVISITING INVESTIGATORDan Burbank

education 49educationThe MBL’s renowned educational programs attract students and faculty from aroundthe world. In 2005, 482 students from 319 institutions and 32 countries came to the MBLto study cutting-edge biology with the world’s best scientists as faulty and lecturers. Ourcourses’ 809 faculty members, staff, and lecturers represented 213 institutions and 16countries.Our recruitment efforts and applicant pools remained strong, and admissions remainedhighly competitive. We were especially proud this year to be recognized by the MinoritiesAffairs Committee of the American Society for Cell Biology for twenty years of partnershipin developing and training minority scientists at the MBL.In other news, the MBL welcomed Mary Mullins to our facultyrosters this year, who joined Cecilia Moens as co-Directorof “Neural Development & Genetics of Zebrafish,” making itthe first MBL course directed exclusively by women. This year,we said farewell to Jay Bangs, who stepped down as the Directorof the Parasitology Course. His tireless efforts, enthusiasm, andvigor in this role were most infective. Patricia Johnson of UCLAco-directed in 2005, and will continue at the helm. Additionally,a paper “Length Control of the Metaphase Spindle” publishedin Current Biology Vol.15. 1979-88 (2005) lists 4 of the 5 authorsas being from “Physiology Course 2004, Marine BiologicalLaboratory.” The project originated in the course.MBL courses also received significant funding from generous donors. In particular,the Microbial Diversity Course would like to acknowledge the support of The Gordon& Betty Moore Foundation. And the Physiology and Molecular Mycology Coursesgratefully acknowledge the Burroughs Wellcome Fund for their investment in basicscience, especially areas of significant scientific importance that remain overlooked andunderfunded by traditional funding sources.

50 educationsummer coursesBiology of Parasitism: Modern ApproachesJune 9 - August 7, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSBangs, Jay, University of Wisconsin-MadisonJohnson, Patricia, University of California, Los AngelesFACULTYArtis, David, University of PennsylvaniaHunter, Christopher, University of PennsylvaniaJames, Anthony, University of California, BerkeleyReiner, Steven, University of PennsylvaniaScherf, Artur, Institut PasteurSinai, Anthony, University of KentuckyVinetz, Joseph, University of California, San DiegoLECTURERSAllen, Judith, University of EdinburghBarry, Dave, University of GlasgowBelkaid, Yasmine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital ResearchBeverley, Stephen, Washington University School of MedicineBoothroyd, John, Stanford UniversityBurleigh, Barbara, Harvard School of Public HealthElmendorf, Heidi, Georgetown UniversityEnglund, Paul, Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolEngstler, Markus, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitaetFelgner, Philip, University of California, IrvineFerguson, Michael, University of DundeeGoldberg, Daniel, HHMI/Washington University School of MedicineGoringer, Hans, Darmstadt University of TechnologyGrencis, Richard, University of ManchesterKirk, Kiaran, Australian National UniversityNussenzweig, Victor, New York University School of MedicinePearce, Edward, University of PennsylvaniaPearlman, Eric, Case Western Reserve UniversityPhillips, Meg, Southwestern Medical Center, University of TexasSaul, Allan, National Institutes of HealthShapiro, Theresa, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineSher, F. Alan, National Institutes of HealthSibley, David, Washington UniversitySmith, Deborah, University of YorkStriepen, Boris, University of GeorgiaTannich, Egbert, Bernhard Nocht InstituteTarleton, Rick, University of GeorgiaWard, Gary, University of VermontWaters, Andrew, Leiden University Medical CenterTEACHING ASSISTANTSCarmen, John, University of KentuckyDaehnel, Katrin, Case Western Reserve UniversityDzierszinski, Florence, University of PennsylvaniaGillette-Ferguson, Illona, Case Western Reserve UniversityOkumura, Cheryl, University of California, Los AngelesPepper, Marion, University of PennsylvaniaRalph, Stuart, Institut PasteurSutterwala, Shaheen, University of WisconsinCOURSE ASSISTANTSMedeiros, Kathryne, Bridgewater State CollegeNormand, Danielle, University of New HampshireSTUDENTSBarnes, Michael, Scripps Research InstituteCastelletto, Michelle, University of PennsylvaniaChessler, Anne-Danielle, Harvard School of Public HealthCunha, Julia, UNIFESP/EPMEl Hajj, Hiba, Montpellier II UniversityElias, Eliana, National University of CordobaFragoso, Cristina, University of BernLindsay, Megan, Johns Hopkins UniversityOkafor, Christian, University of IbadanPal-bhowmick, Ipsita, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchPeel, Bethany, Louisiana State University Health Science CenterPovelones, Michael, Stanford UniversityRandall, Louise, The University of QueenslandRibacke, Ulf, Karolinska InstitutetRicaldez, Ericka, Washington University in St. LouisSmid, Ondrej, Charles UniversityEmbryologyJune 11 - July 24, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSHarland, Richard, University of California, BerkeleyRothman, Joel, University of California, Santa BarbaraFACULTYAmacher, Sharon, University of California, BerkeleyBronner-Fraser, Marianne, California Institute of Technology

education 51Collazo, Andres, House Ear InstituteDunaway, Marietta, University of California, BerkeleyEttensohn, Charles, Carnegie Mellon UniversityFraser, Scott, California Institute of TechnologyHenry, Jonathan, University of IllinoisKeller, Raymond, University of VirginiaKrumlauf, Robb, Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchLevine, Michael, University of California, BerkeleyMaddox, Paul, University of California, San DiegoMartindale, Mark, University of HawaiiMonsoro-Burq, Anne-Helene, Institut CurieNiswander, Lee, University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterPatel, Nipam, University of California, Berkeley/HHMIPourquie, Olivier, Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchRokhsar, Daniel, University of California, BerkeleySanchez Alvarado, Alejandro, University of Utah School of MedicineSanes, Joshua, Harvard UniversitySeaver, Elaine, University of HawaiiSherwood, David, California Institute of TechnologyStern, Claudio, University College LondonTabin, Cliff, Harvard Medical SchoolTelford, Max, University College LondonTrainor, Paul, Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchWessel, Gary, Brown UniversityWieschaus, Eric, Princeton UniversityYelon, Deborah, Skirball Institute, New York UniversityZeller, Robert, San Diego State UniversityLECTURERSDavidson, Eric, California Institute of TechnologyGoodwin, Elizabeth, University of WisconsinMcGinnis, William, University of California, San DiegoMelton, Doug, Harvard University/HHMINagy, Lisa, University of ArizonaSchupbach, Gertrud, Princeton UniversityTEACHING ASSISTANTSBaker, Clare, University of CambridgeChang, Chenbei, University of Alabama at BirminghamCheeks, Rebecca, University of California, BerkeleyCone, Angela, San Diego State UniversityCooper, Kimberly, Fred Huchinson Cancer CenterDaggett, David, University of California, BerkeleyDill, Kariena, University of HawaiiExtavour, Cassandra, University of CambridgeFletcher, Russell, University of California, BerkeleyGross, Jeffrey, Harvard UniversityHenry, Clarissa, University of MaineJennings, Joya, University of Utah School of MedicineJones, Natalie, Stowers InstituteJoshi, Pradeep, University of California, Santa BarbaraJuliano, Celina, Brown UniversityKrull, Catherine, University of MichiganLeguia, Mariana, Brown UniversityLunn, Simon, University of MichiganMatus, David S, University of HawaiiPang, Kevin S, University of HawaiiParchem Jr, Ronald, University of California, BerkeleyPassamaneck, Yale, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityRiley, Heather, New York University Medical Center, Skirball InstituteRonshaugen, Matthew, University of California BerkeleySandell, Lisa, Stower’s Institute for Medical ResearchSong, Jia, Brown UniversityVoronina, Ekaterina, Brown UniversityWolfe, Adam, University of IllinoisCOURSE COORDINATORBroussard, Christine, University of La VerneCOURSE ASSISTANTSLaVigne, Martin, St. Lawrence UniversityMcCluskey, Kathryn, St. Lawrence UniversitySTUDENTSAboobaker, Aziz, University of California, BerkeleyBisson, Nicolas, Laval UniversityBrown, C. Titus, California Institute of TechnologyCivitelli, Livia, La Sapienza UniversityCortez, Christy, University of Colorado Health Science CenterEames, Brian, University of California, San FranciscoEconomou, Andrew, University College LondonHouthoofd, Wouter, Ghent UniversityJackson, Daniel, University of QueenslandKamei, Caramai, Harvard Medical SchoolKhudyakov, Jane, California Institute of TechnologyKomisarczuk, Anna, SARS International CentreKunwar, Prabhat, New York University Medical CenterLinker, Claudia, University College LondonMacauley, Neva, University of WashingtonMagie, Craig, University of Hawaii at ManoaNikitina, Natalya, University of Cape TownOzbudak, Ertugrul, Cancer Research UKPfister, Daniela, University of InnsbruckPutnam, Nicholas, DOE Joint Genome InstituteRamanathan, Sharad, Harvard University and Bell LaboratoriesReeves, Gregory, Princeton UniversitySu·rez-Castillo, Edna, University of Puerto RicoTunca, Bilge, University of CincinnatiYin, Chunyue, Vanderbilt UniversityMicrobial DiversityJune 18 - August 4, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSMetcalf, William, University of IllinoisSchmidt, Thomas, Michigan State UniversityFACULTYLeadbetter, Jared, California Institute of TechnologyNewman, Dianne, California Institute of TechnologyOvermann, Jorg, Universitat MunchenPoindexter, Jeanne, Barnard College, Columbia UniversityLECTURERSColwell, Rita, University of MarylanddeLong, Edward, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDoolittle, W. Ford, Dalhousie University

52 educationGreenberg, Everett, University of WashingtonKane, Matthew, National Science FoundationKeller, Martin, Diversa CorporationKolter, Roberto, Harvard Medical SchoolLewis, Kim, Northeastern UniversityLovley, Derek, University of MassachusettsMaloy, Stanley, San Diego State UniversityMiller, Eric, North Carolina State UniversityMurrell, Colin, University of WarwickPace, Norman, University of Colorado at BoulderPierson, Beverly, University of Puget SoundPolz, Martin, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyStetter, Karl, Universitaet RegensbergTakao, Kondo, Nagoya UniversityTiedje, James, Michigan State UniversityWarnecke, Falk, DOE Joint Genome InstituteWolfe, Ralph, University of IllinoisPatterson, David, MBLSogin, Mitch, MBLWernegreen, Jennifer, MBLTeske, Andreas, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWaterbury, John, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionTEACHING ASSISTANTSGarcia, Amaya, Montana State University, BillingsGriffin, Benjamin, Universitaet KonstanzGuss, Adam, University of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignKellogg, Laurie, University of MinnesotaMussmann, Marc, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyCOURSE COORDINATORAntonopoulos, Dionysios, Michigan State UniversitySTUDENTSApprill, Amy, University of HawaiiBanning, Erin, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionFerguson, Gail, University of EdinburghFoti, Mirjam, Delft University of TechnologyHart, Miranda, University of GuelphHartman, Amber, Johns Hopkins UniversityHobley, Laura, University of NottinghamJu, Kou-San, University of California, DavisKujawinski, Elizabeth, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionMaignien, Lois, Ghent UniversityMasue, Yoko, Stanford UniversityOguntoyinbo, Folarin, University of LagosOttesen, Elizabeth, California Institute of TechnologyPavlova, Iglika, University of ChicagoPlacella, Sarah, University of California, BerkeleySaikaly, Pascal, University of CincinnatiSantillano, Daniel, University of California, MercedSharma, Adrian, Dalhousie UniversityStuhrmann, Torben, Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyYeung, Chok Hang, Stanford UniversityCOUNTRIES REPRESENTED (faculty)ArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBrazilCanadaFranceGermanyIsraelJapanNorwaySpainSwedenSwitzerlandThe NetherlandsUnited KingdomUnited StatesINSTITUTIONS REPRESENTED (faculty)Aachen UniversityAlabama, University of, at BirminghamAlbert Einstein College of MedicineApplied PrecisionArizona, University ofAuckland, University ofAustralian National UniversityBarnard College, Columbia UniversityBaylor College of MedicineBell LaboratoriesBern, University ofBernhard Nocht InstituteBrandeis UniversityBridgewater State CollegeBrown UniversityBuenos Aires, University ofCalgary, University ofCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCalifornia, University of, BerkeleyCalifornia, University of, DavisCalifornia, University of, IrvineCalifornia, University of, Los AngelesCalifornia, University of, MercedCalifornia, University of, RiversideCalifornia, University of, San DiegoCalifornia, University of, San FranciscoCalifornia, University of, Santa BarbaraCalifornia, University of, San Francisco School of MedicineCambridge, University ofCancer Research UKCape Town, University ofCarnegie Mellon UniversityCase Western Reserve UniversityCharles UniversityChicago, University ofChildren’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical SchoolCincinnati Children’s Hospital ResearchCincinnati, University ofCity College of New YorkCiudad UniversitariaCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCologne, University ofColorado at Boulder, University of

education 53Neural Systems & BehaviorJune 11 - August 6, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSBottjer, Sarah, University of Southern CaliforniaDickinson, Michael, California Institute of TechnologyFACULTYBlackshaw, Susanna, University of OxfordCarr, Catherine, University of MarylandChacron, Maurice, University of OklahomaChitwood, Raymond, The University of TexasEwer, John, Cornell UniversityFee, Michale, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyFortune, Eric, Johns Hopkins UniversityFrench, Kathleen, University of California, San DiegoFrye, Mark, University of California, Los AngelesGolowasch, Jorge, New Jersey Institute of TechnologyGronenberg, Wulfila, University of ArizonaJohnson, Bruce, Cornell UniversityJones, Walton, The Rockefeller UniversityKnierim, James, University of Texas Medical School at HoustonKrahe, Rudiger, McGill UniversityKristan, William, University of California, San DiegoLevine, Joel, University of Toronto at MississaugaLevine, Richard, University of ArizonaMaler, Leonard, University of OttawaMarder, Eve, Brandeis UniversityMarkham, Michael, Florida International UniversityMauk, Michael, University of Texas-Houston HSCMooney, Richard, Duke UniversityNadim, Farzan, Rutgers UniversityNovicki, Andrea, Johnson C. Smith UniversityReyes, Alex, New York UniversityRibera, Angeles, University of Colorado at Denver and HealthSciences CenterSimon, Jonathan, University of MarylandStein, Wolfgang , Universitaet UlmSzczupak, Lidia , Universidad de Buenos AiresVosshall, Leslie, The The Rockefeller UniversityWebb, Barbara, University of EdinburghWenning-Erxleben, Angela, Emory UniversityWilson, Richard, University of CalgaryZirpel, Lance, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolLECTURERSAnderson, David, California Institute of Technology/HHMIBrehm, Paul, State University of New York, Stony BrookHarris-Warrick, Ronald, Cornell UniversityLibersat, Frederic, University of California, RiversideMel, Bartlett, University of Southern CaliforniaTchernichovski, Ofer, City College of New YorkTrussell, Larry, Oregon Health and Science UniversityTEACHING ASSISTANTSAzanchi, Reza, University of Toronto at MississaugaBeenhakker, Mark, Stanford UniversityBriggman, Kevin, University of California, San DiegoColeman, Melissa, Duke University Medical CenterDacks, Andrew, The University of ArizonaKalmbach, Brian, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonKaun, Karla, University of TorontoKozhevnikov, Alexay, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLoveall, Brandon, Cornell UniversityMacleod, Katrina, University of MarylandMarin-Burgin, Antonia, University of California, San DiegoColorado Health Sciences Center, University ofColorado State UniversityColorado, University of, at DenverColorado, University of, Health Sciences CenterColorado, University of, Health Sciences Center at FitzsimonsColumbia UniversityConnecticut, University of, Health CenterCopenhagen, University ofCornell UniversityCuris Inc.Dalhousie UniversityDarmstadt University of TechnologyDelft University of TechnologyDepartment of Energy Joint Genome InstituteDiversa CorporationDuke UniversityDuke University Medical CenterDundee, University ofEdinburgh, University ofEmory UniversityEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryFlorida International UniversityFOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular PhysicsFred Huchinson Cancer CenterFreie Universitat BerlinFriedrich Miescher InstituteGeorgetown UniversityGeorgia, University ofGhent UniversityGlasgow, University ofGuelph, University ofHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityHawaii, University ofHawaii, University of, at ManoaHouse Ear InstituteHoward Hughes Medical InstituteHumboldt UniversityIbadan, University ofIllinois, University ofIllinois, University of, at Urbana ChampaignInnsbruck, University ofInstitut CurieInstitut PasteurJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, TheJohns Hopkins UniversityJohnson C. Smith UniversityKarolinska InstitutetKentucky, University ofKyoto UniversityLa Sapienza UniversityLa Verne, University ofLagos, University ofLaval UniversityLegacy ResearchLeiden University Medical Center

54 educationMaul, Kristen, City College, City University of New YorkMehren, Jennifer, The Rockefeller UniversityMiddleton, Jason, University of OttawaNovak, Alicia, University of Colorado Health Sciences Centerat FitzsimonsPineda, Ricardo, University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterRabbah, Pascale, Rutgers University NewarkRao, Geeta, University of Texas Medical School at HoustonReiser, Michael, California Institute of TechnologyRela, Lorena, University of Buenos AiresRoy, Arani, Duke UniversitySanyal, Subhabrata, University of ArizonaSchiff, Max, New York UniversitySiegel, Jennifer, University of Texas-Houston Health Sciences CenterYonkers, Marc, University of Colorado Health Sciences CenterCOURSE ASSISTANTSCalabrese, Evan, Emory UniversityCorty, Megan, Stanford UniversityMazzilli, Sarah, Bridgewater State CollegePearson, Lee, Duke UniversitySTUDENTSAnishchenko, Anastasia, Brown UniversityCrisp, Sarah, University of CambridgeFreudenthal, Ramiro, Ciudad UniversitariaGartland, Andrew, University of WashingtonGhose, Kaushik, University of Maryland College ParkHampton, Cara, University of California, San FranciscoHusch, Andreas, University of CologneKinoshita, Michiyo, Yokohama City UniversityKoh, Tong-Wey, Baylor College of MedicineKrofczik, Sabine, Free UniversityLu, Wei, New York University School of MedicineMarkham, Rebecca, Florida International UniversityMelano, Timothy, University of ArizonaTalley, Jennifer, Case Western Reserve UniversityThiele, Tod, University of Oregonvan der Meer, Matthijs, University of EdinburghVonderschen, Katrin, Aachen UniversityWang, Peiyuan, University at BuffaloWarren, Timothy, Stanford UniversityWindsor, Shane, University of AucklandNeurobiologyJune 5 - August 6, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSMcCleskey, Edwin, Oregon Health & Science UniversityNishi, Rae, University of VermontFACULTYAvery, Leon, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterBalice-Gordon, Rita, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineBelluscio, Leonardo, National Institutes of Health/NINDSBergles, Dwight, Johns Hopkins UniversityChakrapani, Sudha, University of VirginiaLouisiana State UniversityLouisiana State University Health Science CenterLudwig-Maximilians-UniversitaetMaine, University ofManchester, University ofMarine Biological LaboratoryMaryland, University ofMaryland, University of, College ParkMassachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts, University ofMax Planck InstituteMax Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyMax Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and GeneticsMax-Planck Institute for Medical ResearchMcGill UniversityMedical College of GeorgiaMichigan State UniversityMichigan, University ofMiddlebury CollegeMinnesota, University ofMinnesota, University of, Medical SchoolMolecular Biology ConsortiumMontana State University, BillingsMontpellier II UniversityMount Holyoke CollegeMunich, University ofNagoya UniversityNational Academy of SciencesNational Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of Health / NINDSNational Science FoundationNational University of CordobaNew Hampshire, University ofNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNew York State Department of Health, Wasdworth CenterNew York UniversityNew York University Medical Center, Skirball InstituteNew York University School of MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina, University ofNorth Carolina, University of, at Chapel HillNortheastern UniversityNorthwestern UniversityNottingham, University ofOklahoma, University ofOregon Health and Science UniversityOregon, University ofOsaka UniversityOslo, University ofOttawa, University ofOxford, University ofPeking UniversityPennsylvania, University ofPennsylvania, University of, School of MedicinePrinceton UniversityPuerto Rico, University ofPuget Sound, University ofQueen’s UniversityQueensland, The University of

education 55Chow, Robert, University of Southern CaliforniaCommons, Kathryn, Children’s Boston, Harvard Medical SchoolDalva, Matthew, University of PennsylvaniaFaber, Donald, Albert Einstein College of MedicineFerster, David, Northwestern UniversityGadsby, David, The Rockefeller UniversityGalbraith, James, National Institutes of HealthGlowatzki, Elisabeth, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineHonda, Christopher, University of MinnesotaMay, Victor, University of Vermont College MedicineMoreira, Jorge, University of Sao PauloMorgan, Jennifer, Yale UniversityOertner, Thomas, Friedrich Miescher InstitutePayami, Haydeh, New York State Department of Health WasdworthPereda, Alberto, Albert Einstein College of MedicineRussell, James, National Institutes of HealthSaugstad, Julie, Legacy ResearchTanouye, Mark, University of California, BerkeleyTerasaki, Mark, University of Connecticut Health CenterThompson, Wesley, University of TexasTrachtenberg, Joshua, University of California, Los AngelesWenk, Heather, Oregon Health and Science UniversityWilliams, John, Oregon Health Sciences UniversityZimmerberg, Joshua, National Institutes of HealthLECTURERSAugustine, George, Duke University Medical CenterCallaway, Ed, The Salk InstituteCarnevale, Nicholas, Yale UniversityCepko, Connie, Harvard Medical School/HHMIConnors, Barry, Brown UniversityDeGiorgis, Joseph, National Institutes of HealthDenk, Winfried, Max-Planck Institute for Medical ResearchDeWeer, Paul, University of PennsylvaniaEisen, Judith, University of OregonGalbraith, Catherine, National Institutes of HealthHarris, Kristen, Medical College of GeorgiaHolt, Jeffrey, University of VirginiaHuganir, Richard, Johns Hopkins UniversityIsaacson, Jeffry, University of California, San DiegoJorgensen, Erik, University of UtahKravitz, Edward, Harvard Medical SchoolKuhn, Bernd, Princeton UniversityLeapman, Richard, National Institutes of HealthMisgeld, Thomas, Harvard UniversityRubin, Lee, Curis, Inc.Ruvkun, Gary, Massachusetts General HospitalSamuel, Aravinthan, Harvard UniversitySanes, Joshua, Harvard UniversitySlepchenko, Boris, University of Connecticut Health CenterStuart, Ann, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSvoboda, Karel, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryTraynelis, Stephen, Emory UniversityWeinberg, Richard, University of North CarolinaTEACHING ASSISTANTSBirdsong, William, Oregon Health Science UniversityCachope, Roger, Albert Einstein College of MedicineChai, Sunghee, Legacy ResearchCushman, Kenneth, Oregon Health and Science UniversityGoutman, Juan, The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineHuang, Yanhua, Johns Hopkins UniversityInman, Melissa, Louisiana State UniversityKayser, Matthew, University of PennsylvaniaLenart, Peter, Research Institute of Molecular PathologyMadsen, Dorte, University of Southern CaliforniaMarks, Carolyn, National Institutes of Health (NINDS)Mazar, Julia, National Institutes of HealthResearch Institute of Molecular PathologyRockefeller University, TheRutgers, State University of New JerseySalk Institute, TheSan Diego State UniversitySao Paulo, University ofSARS International CentreScripps Research Institute, TheSouthern California, University ofSt. Lawrence UniversityStanford UniversityState University of New York, Stony BrookStowers Institute for Medical ResearchTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchTexas, University ofTexas, University of, at AustinTexas, University of, Health Science Center at HoustonTexas, University of, Medical School at HoustonTexas, University of, Southwestern Medical CenterToronto, University ofToronto, University of, at MississaugaUNIFESP/EPMUniversidad de Buenos AiresUniversidad de ChileUniversitaet KonstanzUniversitaet RegensbergUniversitaet UlmUniversitat MunchenUniversity at BuffaloUniversity College LondonUtah, University ofUtah, University of, School of MedicineVanderbilt UniversityVermont, University ofVermont, University of, College of MedicineVirginia, University ofVrije UniversiteitWake Forest UniversityWarwick, University ofWashington UniversityWashington University in St. LouisWashington University School of MedicineWashington, University ofWeill Medical College of Cornell UniversityWeizmann Institute of ScienceWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteWisconsin, University ofWisconsin, University of, MadisonWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionYale UniversityYale University School of MedicineYokohama City UniversityYork, University of

56 educationPata, Veena, National Institutes of HealthPaukert, Martin, Johns Hopkins UniversityPekkurnaz, Gulcin, National Institutes of HealthSimpson, Julie, University of VermontSong, Juan, University of California, BerkeleySong, Yuanquan, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineStraub, Jennifer, University of VermontTillman, Shelly, Oregon Health and Science UniversityVirk, Michael, Oregon Health and Science UniversityYi, Eunyoung, The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineYou, Young-jai, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterZhang, Yan-Ping, Friedrich Miescher InstituteZhu, Julia, University of PennsylvaniaZuo, Yi, University of Texas at AustinCOURSE ASSISTANTSEne, Smaranda, Middlebury CollegeLiljestrand, Amy, Mount Holyoke CollegeSTUDENTSBanghart, Matthew, University of California, BerkeleyBarber, Cynthia, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyChial, Heidi, Wake Forest UniversityFrokjaer-Jensen, Christian, University of CopenhagenGramse, Verena, Humboldt UniversityLam, Alice, University of MichiganMao, Tianyi, Johns Hopkins UniversityMeier, Silke, University of MunichOteiza, Pablo, Universidad de ChileRodrigues, Sarina, Columbia UniversityRose, Tobias, European Neuroscience InstituteSugimura, Kaoru, Kyoto UniversityPhysiology: Modern Cell BiologyUsing Microscopic, Biochemical andComputational ApproachesJune 11 - July 30, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSMitchison, Tim, Harvard University Medical SchoolVale, Ron, University of California, San FranciscoFACULTYAlberts, Bruce, National Academy of SciencesBarkai, Nama, Weizmann InstituteBray, Dennis, University of CambridgeDogterom, Marileen, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular PhysicsDustin, Michael, New York University School of MedicineHeald, Rebecca, University of California, BerkeleyHyman, Anthony, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biologyand GeneticsMullins, Dyche, University of California, San Francisco Schoolof MedicineNedelec, Francois, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryOdell, Garrett, University of WashingtonOShea, Erin, HHMI/University of California, San FranciscoStuurman, Nico, University of California, San Franciscovan Oudenaarden, Alexander, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyWaterman, Clare, The Scripps Research InstituteWaters, Jennifer, Harvard Medical SchoolZhuang, Xiaowei, Harvard UniversityLECTURERSBerg, Howard, Harvard UniversityBrandtzaeg, Per, University of OsloField, Christine, Harvard Medical SchoolKishony, Roy, Harvard UniversityCOUNTRIES REPRESENTED (students)ArgentinaAustraliaAustriaBelgiumBrazilCanadaChileChinaColombiaCzech RepublicDenmarkFranceGermanyGhanaIndiaIsraelItalyJapanKoreaMexicoNew ZealandNigeriaNorwayPeoples Republic of ChinaPortugalSouth AfricaSwedenSwitzerlandThe NetherlandsUgandaUnited KingdomUnited StatesINSTITUTIONS REPRESENTED (students)Aberdeen, University ofA. T. Still University of Health SciencesAachen UniversityAcadia UniversityAdelaide, University ofAlabama, University of, at BirminghamAlbert Einstein College of MedicineAmerican Dental Association, TheAmerican Museum of Natural HistoryAmerican UniversityAmericas-Puebla, University of theAnimal Research InstituteAnne Arundel Medical CenterArizona State UniversityArizona, University ofAtlanta Medical CenterAuckland, University ofAustralia, University of, NewcastleBarnard CollegeBascom Palmer Eye InstituteBaylor College of MedicineBell LaboratoriesBen-Gurion University of the NegevBern, University ofBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBiocomplexity InstituteBologna, University ofBoston UniversityBoston University Marine Program

education 57Lehmann, Ruth, New York University School of Medicine/HHMILippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer, National Institutes of HealthMellman, Ira, Yale University School of MedicineMurray, Andrew, Harvard UniversityNamba, Keiichi, Osaka UniversityRanganathan, Rama, HHMI and University of Texas SouthwesternMedical CenterSchekman, Randy, University of California, BerkeleySorger, Peter, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologySpudich, James, Stanford UniversityTeplitz, Kyla, Applied PrecisionTEACHING ASSISTANTSAlberts, Jonathan, University of WashingtonBringmann, Henrik, Max Planck InstituteClausen, Thomas, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryCowan, Carrie, Max Planck InstituteDouglass, Adam, University of California, San FranciscoFoethke, Dietrich, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryGarner, Ethan Clark, University of California, San FranciscoGoshima, Gohta, University of California, San FranciscoGroen, Aaron, Harvard Medical SchoolJanson, Marcel, University of PennsylvaniaKhan, Shahid, Molecular Biology ConsortiumKueh, Hao Yuan, Harvard UniversityLipkow, Karen, University of CambridgeMaheshri, Narendra, University of California, San FranciscoMarco, Eugenio, Harvard UniversityMaresca, Thomas, University of California, BerkeleyMargolin, Brian, University of California, San FranciscoMunteanu, Emilia Laura, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular PhysicsPedraza, Juan, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologySpringer, Michael, Harvard Medical SchoolTsang, John, Harvard UniversityWittmann, Torsten, The Scripps Research InstituteYuan, Guo-Cheng, Harvard UniversityCOURSE ASSISTANTSDobro, Megan, Bridgewater State CollegeJoseph, Eric, Queen’s UniversitySTUDENTSBarak, Hagar, Princeton UniversityBrandman, Relly, Stanford UniversityCoin, Lachlan J.M., Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCooper, Samantha, University of California San FranciscoCortez, Alejandro, University of California, RiversideEschenbrenner, Julia, Freie Universitat BerlinGarcia, Hernan G., California Institute of TechnologyGhosh Roy, Anindya, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchHolt, Liam J., University of California, San FranciscoJawerth, Louise M., Harvard UniversityKachar, Bechara, National Institutes of HealthKapitein, Lukas C., Vrije UniversiteitKirby, Andrea S., Duke UniversityKrueger, Lori E., University of California, DavisLaan, Liedewij, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular PhysicsLevy, Sagi, Weizmann Institute of SciencePak, Chi W., Colorado State UniversityPantoja, Carlos J., University of California, San FranciscoPeled, Einat S., Weizmann Institute of ScienceSchneider, Ian C., North Carolina State UniversitySivaramakrishnan, Sivaraj, Northwestern UniversityTrichet, Lea C., Institut CurieWang, Yufang, Princeton UniversityWeibel, Douglas B., Harvard UniversityYang, Xiaojing, Peking UniversityYudushkin, Ivan A., European Molecular Biology LaboratoryZilberman, Yuliya, Weizmann Institute of ScienceBritish Columbia, University ofBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technologyand Harvard UniversityBrown UniversityBrown University/MBLBuck InstituteBuenos Aires, University ofCalgary, University ofCalifornia Institute of TechnologyCalifornia, University ofCalifornia, University of, BerkeleyCalifornia, University of, DavisCalifornia, University of, IrvineCalifornia, University of, Los AngelesCalifornia, University of, MercedCalifornia, University of, RiversideCalifornia, University of, San DiegoCalifornia, University of, San FranciscoCalifornia, University of, Santa CruzCambridge, University ofCancer Research UKCape Town, University ofCaritas St. Elizabeth’s Medical CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityCenter of Marine BiotechnologyCenters for Disease ControlCentre National de la Recherche ScientifCharles UniversityChicago, University ofChildren’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical SchoolChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaChildren’s Medical Center DallasChungnam National UniversityCincinnati, University ofCity University of New YorkCiudad UniversitariaCleveland Clinic FoundationCleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCollege MisericordiaCollege of William and MaryCologne, University ofColombian National Institute of HealthColorado State UniversityColorado, University ofColorado, University of, DenverColorado, University of, Health Science CenterColorado, University of, School of MedicineColumbia UniversityCommunity Medical CentersConnecticut, University of, School of MedicineCopenhagen, University ofCornell UniversityDalhousie UniversityDana-Farber Cancer InstituteDavidson CollegeDelft University of TechnologyDenison UniversityDepartment of Energy Joint Genome InstituteDoctors Hospital/OhioHealthDrexel UniversityDrexel University College of Medicine

58 educationspecial topics coursesAdvances in Genome Technology& BioinformaticsOctober 4 - October 30, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSFraser, Claire, The Institute for Genomic ResearchSogin, Mitchell, MBLFACULTYBertonati, Claudia, Columbia UniversityCarriedo, Sean, Axon InstrumentsFeldblyum, Tamara V., The Institute for Genomic ResearchFred Wright, The University of North Carolina, Chapel HillGill, Steve, The Institute for Genomic ResearchKirkness, Ewen F., The Institute for Genomic ResearchLee, Charles, Harvard Medical SchoolLee, Norm, The Institute for Genomic ResearchLi, Cheng, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteMcArthur, Andrew, MBLMorrison, Hilary, MBLNierman, William C., The Institute for Genomic ResearchOlsen, Gary J., University of IllinoisPearson, William R., University of VirginiaPollard, Katherine S., University of California, Santa CruzPop, Mihai, University of MarylandPunta, Marco, Columbia UniversityQuackenbush, John, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteRiley, Margaret, Yale UniversityTettelin, Herve, The Institute for Genomic ResearchWhite, Owen R., The Institute for Genomic ResearchTEACHING ASSISTANTSBraisted, John C., The Institute for Genomic ResearchFox, Rich, MBLFrank, Bryan C., The Institute for Genomic ResearchGraham, Leslie, MBLHall, Neil, The Institute for Genomic ResearchHammar, Kasia, MBLHuse, Susan, MBLLiang, Wei, The Institute for Genomic ResearchNeal, Phillip, MBLDuke UniversityDuke University Health SystemDuke University Medical CenterEcole Normale SuperieureEdinburgh, University ofEmory UniversityEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Neuroscience InstituteField Museum of Natural History, TheFlorida International UniversityFlorida, University ofFOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular PhysicsFred Hutchinson Cancer Research InstituteFree UniversityFreiburg, University ofFreie Universitat BerlinFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaGeorge Washington UniversityGeorgia Institute of TechnologyGerman Primate CenterGhent UniversityGlory Medical CenterGoettingen, University ofGraduate School of Public HealthGrossmont Healthcare DistrictGuelph, University ofHarvard Medical SchoolHarvard School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityHawaii, University ofHawaii, University of, at ManoaHebrew University JerusalemHertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchHospital of Saint RaphaelHouston, University ofHoward UniversityHumboldt UniversityIbadan, University ofIllinois, University ofIllinois, University of, ChicagoImperial College, LondonInfotrieve Inc. at Eli Lilly and CompanyInnsbruck, University ofInstitut CurieInstitute for Molecular and Cell BiologyInstituto Gulbenkian de CienciaInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y NutricionInstituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZInstituto Superior de Psicologia AplicadInvitrogen/Molecular Probes Inc.Iowa, University ofJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, TheJohns Hopkins University, TheKansas, University of, Medical CenterKarl-Franzens-University GrazKarolinska InstitutetKing’s College LondonKyoto University

education 59Rubio, Renee, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteSaeed, Alexander, The Institute for Genomic ResearchSelengut, Jeremy D., The Institute for Genomic ResearchSharov, Vasily A., The Institute for Genomic ResearchTallon, Luke J., The Institute for Genomic ResearchWhite, Joseph, The Institute for Genomic ResearchSTUDENTSAklujkar, Muktak, University of Massachusetts, AmherstAugustine, Antony, University of NottinghamBasu, Manojit, University of NottinghamBencheikh-Latmani, Rizlan, University of California, San DiegoBernier, Jeremiah, Oregon State UniversityCavallero, Susana, University of Buenos AiresConley, Catharine, NASA Ames Research Centerde Oliveira, Cristiana, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Rene RachouEnsminger, Ingo, University of Western OntarioFernandez-Robledo, Jose, Center of Marine BiotechnologyFerris, Margaret, University of IllinoisGarcia, Irene, Harvard UniversityGhadiali, Alifiya, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New JerseyGomez, Luis, Colombian National Institute of HealthKoning, Gwen, University of the Western CapeLandi, Monica, University of BolognaLasek-Nesselquist, Erica, Brown University/MBLMedina, Monica, University of California, MercedNichols, Dominica, Northeastern UniversityRamon, Marina, University of California, Santa CruzTuikue Ndam, Nicaise, Université Paris DescartesWeng, Li, Lawrence Berkeley LabYang, Ning, Biocomplexity InstituteAnalytical and Quantitative LightMicroscopyMay 5 - May 13, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSSluder, Greenfield, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWolf, David, Sensor TechnologiesFACULTYAxelrod, Daniel, University of MichiganCardullo, Richard, University of California, RiversideHeintzmann, Rainer, King’s College LondonHinchcliffe, Edward, University of Notre DameMurray, John, University of PennsylvaniaSalmon, Edward, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillSilver, Randi, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeSwedlow, Jason, University of DundeeTsuruta, Tadao, Nikon CorporationWaters, Jennifer, Harvard Medical SchoolLECTURERStraight, Aaron, Stanford UniversityTEACHING ASSISTANTSEnglish, Christopher, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolKrzywicka-Racka, Anna, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolCOURSE COORDINATORNordberg, Joshua, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolLa Sapienza UniversityLagos, University ofLaval UniversityLawrence Berkeley LabLimpopo, University ofLondon, University ofLouisiana State UniversityLouisiana State University Health Science CenterLudwig Institute for Cancer ResearchLund UniversityMakerere University Medical SchoolMarine Biological LaboratoryMarshfield ClinicMartinos Center for Biomedical ImagingMaryland College Park, University ofMaryland, University of, BaltimoreMassachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Medical School, University ofMassachusetts, University ofMassachusetts, University of, AmherstMax Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyMax Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyMax Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyMax-Planck-Institute for Brain ResearchMayo Clinic College of MedicineMayo Clinic Graduate SchoolMedical College of GeorgiaMedicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, University ofMeharry Medical CollegeMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterMercer University School of MedicineMetropolitan Hospital CenterMiami School of Medicine, University ofMichigan, University ofMidwestern UniversityMinneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical CenterMinnesota State UniversityMinnesota, University ofMississippi, University ofMolecular ProbesMontana State UniversityMontpellier II UniversityMontreal, University ofMunich, University ofNASA Ames Research CenterNational Cancer InstituteNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institute for Medical ResearchNational Institutes of HealthNational University of CordobaNebraska Methodist HospitalNeurobiology InstituteNevada, University of, Las VegasNew Mexico, University of, HospitalNew Mexico, University of, School of MedicineNew York Medical CollegeNew York State Museum & UniversityNew York UniversityNew York University Medical CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew York, State University of, at BuffaloNorth Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina, University of, at Chapel Hill

60 educationMaiato, Helder, Institute for Molecular and Cell BiologyMatov, Alexandre, Scripps Research InstituteMavrakis, Manos, National Institutes of HealthMcCulloch, Paul, Midwestern UniversityMu, Xiuqian, The University of Texas Anderson Cancer CenterO’Reilly, Alana, Stanford UniversityPamp, Sunje, Technical University of DenmarkPata, Veena, National Institutes of HealthRodriguez, Alexis, Albert Einstein College of MedicineRoll Mecak, Antonina, University of California, San FranciscoSchmidt, Kristina, Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchSosnik, Julian, University of MassachusettsSrivastava, Preeti, National Cancer Institute, NIHSun, Tao, Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel DeaconessVinh, Dani, University of WashingtonVinson, Jaclyn, University of California, San DiegoSTUDENTSAtkinson, Benjamin, Harvard Medical SchoolBelyaev, Yury, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyDi Talia, Stefano, The Rockefeller UniversityDing, Lai, Tufts UniversityFehrenbacher, Nicole, University of CopenhagenFuenmayor, Sergio, Yale UniversityGatlin, Jesse, University of ColoradoGillmor, Susan, Pennsylvania StateGilthorpe, Jonathan, King’s College LondonHarris, Grant, MBLHart, Marilyn, Minnesota State UniversityJacobs, Damon, University of North Carolina, Chapel HilKardon, Julia, University of California, San FranciscoLiu, Xiao, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineLom, Barbara, Davidson CollegeLundsten, Kelly, Molecular ProbesBioMedical Informatics lMay 29 - May 13, 2005COURSE DIRECTORCimino, James, Columbia UniversityFACULTYAckerman, Michael J, National Library of MedicineAsh, Joan S., Oregon Health & Science UniversityBakken, Suzanne, Columbia UniversityCanese, Kathi, National Library of MedicineCimino, Christopher, Albert Einstein College of MedicineDematos, Chris, MBLHammond, William, Duke UniversityHripcsak, George, Columbia UniversityKingsland, Lawrence, National Library of MedicineNorth Dakota State UniversityNorth Dakota, University ofNortheastern UniversityNorthwestern UniversityNottingham, University ofNovo Nordisk A/SOhio State UniversityOklahoma, University ofOregon State UniversityOregon, University ofOswaldo Cruz Foundation-Rene RachouOxford, University ofPeking UniversityPennsylvania State University, ThePennsylvania, Hospital of the University ofPennsylvania, University ofPennsylvania, University of, School of MedicinePittsburgh, University ofPonce School of MedicinePortland State UniversityPretoria, University ofPrinceton UniversityPuerto Rico, University ofPurdue UniversityQueensland, University of, TheRobert Koch-InstitutRochester, University ofRochester, University of, Medical SchoolRockefeller University, TheRoyal Institute for TechnologyRutgers, State University of New JerseySalk InstituteSARS International CentreScripps Research Institute, TheSeoul National UniversityShanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySheffield, University ofSouth Alabama, University ofSouth Dakota, University ofSt. Joseph Health System Sonoma CountySt. Michael’s HospitalStanford Medical SchoolStanford UniversityState University of New York, DownstateStellenbosch UniversityStockholm UniversitySwiss Federal Institute of TechnologyTata Institute of Fundamental ResearchTechnical University of DarmstadtTechnical University of DenmarkTemple UniversityTexas A&M UniversityTexas at Dallas, University ofTexas, University of, Anderson Cancer CenterTexas, University of, at San AntonioTexas, University of, Dental Branch, HoustonTexas, University of, Health Science CenterTexas, University of, MD Anderson Cancer Center

education 61Norton, Cathy, MBLWHOI Library, MBLRemsen, David, MBLStout, Amy, MBLWHOI Library, MBLUhlinger, Eleanor, MBLWHOI Library, MBLLECTURERJohnson, Kevin, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterSTUDENTSBlais, Francis, Doctors Hospital/OhioHealthBoyd, David, Community Medical CentersBridges, Jane, Mercer University School of MedicineBrimhall, Brad, University of Colorado School of MedicineBroadwater, Deborah, Vanderbilt UniversityChang, Albert, Graduate School of Public HealthCorbit, Christopher, Nebraska Methodist HospitalDhein, Cheryl, Washington State UniversityEdwards, Faith, Duke University Health SystemFrantsve-Hawley, Julie, The American Dental AssociationFuentes, Evangelo, Metropolitan Hospital CenterGarvin, Jennifer, Temple UniversityHage, Brenda, College MisericordiaKipnis, Dan, Thomas Jefferson UniversityKok, Victoria, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityLee, Angela, University of WashingtonLee, Patricia, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterLyons, Tierney, University of Maryland, BaltimoreMiller, Christian, National Cancer InstituteMontoya, Catherine, Baylor College of MedicinePye, Ronald, Caritas St. Elizabeth’s Medical CenterRistic, Helen, American Dental AssociationSidwell, Jean, A. T. Still University of Health SciencesSilver, April, Beth Israel Deaconess HospitalSpencer, Kathleen, University of North DakotaVarkey, Prathibha, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineVonVille, Helena, University of Texas School of Public HealthWang, Lili, Washington University SchoolZakoor, Rebecca, St. Michael’s HospitalZuniga, Genny, Medical College of GeorgiaBioMedical Informatics IISeptember 25 - October 2, 2005COURSE DIRECTORCimino, James, Columbia UniversityFACULTYAl-Ubaydli, Mohammad, National Library of MedicineFriedman, Charles, National Library of MedicineJirjis, Jim, Vanderbilt Medical CenterKukafka, Rita, Columbia UniversityLindberg, Donald, National Library of MedicineMasys, Daniel, Vanderbilt UniversityMcCray, Alexa, Harvard Medical SchoolMitchell, Joyce, University of UtahNahin, Annette, National Library of MedicineRosenbloom, Samuel, Vanderbilt UniversityShortliffe, Edward, Columbia UniversityStarren, Justin, Columbia UniversityStead, William, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterYellowlees, Peter, University of California, DavisSTUDENTSAdeyemi, Adedayo, Glory Medical CenterBanks, Marcus, New York University Medical CenterBennett McNew, Christina, Infotrieve Inc. at Eli Lilly and CompanyTexas, University of, School of Public HealthTexas, University of, Southwestern Medical CenterThomas Jefferson UniversityTufts UniversityTulane UniversityUNIFESP/EPMUniversidad de ChileUniversidade dos Acores Cais de Sta CruzUniversidade Federal de Sao Paulo - UMESUniversita degli Studi di PerugiaUniversita di PisaUniversité Paris DescartesUniversity College LondonUniversity Joseph FourierUppsala UniversityUS Public Health ServiceUtah Valley State CollegeUtah, University ofVA Medical Center of New OrleansVanderbilt UniversityVanderbilt University Medical CenterVermont, University of, College of MedicineVeterans Affairs Medical CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVirginia, University ofVirginia, University of, School of MedicineVrije UniversiteitWake Forest UniversityWake Forest University School of MedicineWales, University of, SwanseaWashington State UniversityWashington University in St. LouisWashington University School of MedicineWashington, University ofWayne State UniversityWeill Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceWeizmann Institute of ScienceWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteWestern Cape, University of theWestern Ontario, University ofWisconsin, University of, MadisonWisconsin, University of, Medical SchoolWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionYale UniversityYale University School of MedicineYokohama City UniversityYork, University of

62 educationBrower, Stewart, University at Buffalo - SUNYCabrera, Delia, Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteCampanella, Peter, University of New Mexico HospitalChoi, Chang, Anne Arundel Medical CenterCostella, John, University of Western OntarioDellavalle, Robert, University of Colorado DenverDouglas-Williams, Tara, Atlanta Medical CenterDrury, John, Hospital of Saint RaphaelFriedman, David, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaGabriel, Holly, University of North DakotaGagliano, Christy, Veterans Affairs Medical CenterGemelas, James, US Public Health ServiceGrosman, Mary, St. Joseph Health System Sonoma CountyGrossman, David, VA Medical Center of New OrleansHillerud, Andrea, Marshfield ClinicJohnsten, Tom, University of South AlabamaKammerer, Judith, Grossmont Healthcare DistrictKane, Michael, Purdue UniversityMitchell, Steven, University of New Mexico School of MedicineRagon, J. Bart, University of VirginiaSchneider, Joseph, Children’s Medical Center DallasSinha, Dorothy, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical CenterTaylor, Charles, University of Texas Dental Branch, HoustonTaylor, Mary, VA Medical CenterTodd, Pauline, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterVidwans, Aniruddha, University of Connecticut School of MedicineWilson, Linda, Drexel UniversityWorthington, Louisa, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyFrontiers in ReproductionMay 15 - June 26, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSAlbertini, David, Kansas University Medical CenterAscoli, Mario, The University of IowaDeMayo, Francesco, Baylor College of MedicineFACULTYBagchi, Indrani, University of Illinois, Urbana-ChampaignCarroll, David, Florida Institute of TechnologyCooke, Paul, University of IllinoisCross, James, University of CalgaryDean, Wendy, The Babraham InstituteDobrinski, Ina, University of PennsylvaniaDucibella, Thomas, Tufts-New England Medical CenterEppig, John, The Jackson LaboratoryFazleabas, Asgi, University of IllinoisHassold, Terry, Washington State UniversityHeckert, Leslie, University of Kansas Medical CenterHemberger, Myriam, The Babraham InstituteHunt, Patricia, Washington State UniversityJaffe, Laurinda, University of Connecticut Health CenterJameson, James, Northwestern UniversityKeri, Ruth, Case Western Reserve UniversityLiu, Lin, MBL/Women & Infants HospitalOverstrom, Eric, Worcester Polytechnic InstituteRowan, Brian, Tulane University School of MedicineSchultz, Richard, University of PennsylvaniaSuarez-Quian, Carlos, Georgetown University Medical CenterSutherland, Ann, University of VirginiaWells, Dagan, Yale UniversityYao, Humphrey, University of IllinoisLECTURERSConti, Marco, Stanford UniversityGuillette, Louis, University of FloridaKaiser, Ursula, Brigham and Women’s HospitalMatzuk, Martin, Baylor College of MedicineMayo, Kelly, Northwestern UniversityMcClure, Michael, Frontiersfund, Inc.Nurminsky, Dmitry, Tufts University School of MedicinePetroff, Margaret, University of Kansas Medical CenterSchatten, Gerald, University of PittsburghSeminara, Stephanie, Massachusetts General HospitalStrauss, Jerome, University of PennsylvaniaZeleznik, Anthony, University of PittsburghTEACHING ASSISTANTSBarrett, Susan, University of Kansas Medical CenterBasu, Aninda, Medical College of OhioCherry, Sheila, Washington State UniversityDeMayo, Janet, Baylor College of MedicineDiNapoli, Leo, Duke UniversityGalet, Colette, University of IowaHackett, Richard, Women & Infants HospitalHanson, Ashley, Washington State UniversityHermann, Brian, University of Kansas Medical CenterHuntress, Victoria, Worcester Polytechnic InstituteIbanez, Elena, Universitat Autunoma de BarcelonaJeong, Jaewook, Baylor College of MedicineLima, Christine, Worcester Polytechnic InstituteLuo, Jinping, University of PennsylvaniaMcGinnis, Lynda, University of Kansas Medical SchoolNogueira, Daniela, Women & Infants HospitalRoberts, Jeffrey, Brown UniversityRunft, Linda, Kendle InternationalStein, Paula, University of PennsylvaniaStrakova, Zuzana, University of Illinois at ChicagoSusiarjo, Martha, Case Western Reserve UniversityWang, Jie, Baylor College of MedicineZallocchi, Marisa, University of IowaCOURSE COORDINATORSCherry, Jonathan, Washington State UniversityMebane, Dorianne, MBLCOURSE ASSISTANTGrindell, Laura, Bridgewater State CollegeSTUDENTSAdu, Emmanuel, Animal Research InstituteAngeles, Vanessa, University of California, San FranciscoBanerjee, Prajna, University of Illinois, ChicagoBorowczyk, Ewa, North Dakota State UniversityBromfield, John, University of AdelaideDille, Elizabeth, University of Wisconsin Medical School

education 63Farmer, Jennifer, Texas A&M UniversityJacobi Elizondo, Jessica, Neurobiology InstituteLiguori, Lavinia, Universita degli Studi di PerugiaMatulis, Christina, Northwestern UniversityMcIntire, Ramsey, University of Kansas Medical CenterMendez, Isabel, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y NutricionPoehlmann, Tobias, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaSachdev, Monika, University of Virginia School of MedicineSheldon, Martin, University of LondonSilva, Celso, University of PennsylvaniaTalbi, Said, Stanford Medical SchoolValdez, Kelli, University of Kansas Medical CenterVallejo, Griselda, University of Buenos AiresWelsh, Toni, University of Newcastle, AustraliaWest, Erin, Northwestern UniversityMethods in Computational NeuroscienceJuly 31 - August 28, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSErmentrout, Bard, University of PittsburghWhite, John, Boston UniversityFACULTYAbbott, Larry, Brandeis UniversityBialek, William, Princeton UniversityChow, Carson, National Institutes of HealthDan, Yang, University of Californiade Ruyter, Robert, Indiana UniversityFee, Michale, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyFrank, Loren, University of California, San FranciscoGelperin, Alan, Monell Chemical Senses CenterGoldman, Mark, Wellesley CollegeGutkin, Boris, Institut Pasteur/CNRSJohnston, Daniel, University of Texas at AustinKath, William, Northwestern UniversityKopell, Nancy, Boston UniversityKozloski, James, IBM ResearchLisman, John, Brandeis UniversityMiller, Kenneth, Columbia UniversityPinto, David, University of RochesterReyes, Alex, New York UniversityRinzel, John, New York UniversitySejnowski, Terrence, Salk InstituteSen, Kamal, Boston UniversitySeung, Sebastian, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologySmith, Jeffrey, NINDS, NIHSolla, Sara, Northwestern UniversitySompolinsky, Haim, Hebrew University, JerusalemTerman, David, Ohio State UniversityWilson, Charles, University of Texas at San AntonioLECTURERSSigvardt, Karen, University of California, DavisSpruston, Nelson, Northwestern UniversityTEACHING ASSISTANTSDoiron, Brent, New York UniversityLillis, Kyle, Boston UniversityOswald, Anne-Marie, New York UniversityPalmer, Stephanie, University of California, San FranciscoZhou, Yi, Boston UniversityCOURSE COORDINATORBettencourt, Jonathan C., Boston UniversitySTUDENTS,Bassett, Joshua, New York University School of MedicineBergan, Joseph, Stanford UniversityBorgmann, Anke, University of CologneChubykin, Alexander, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterCimenser, Aylin, Columbia UniversityDabaghian, Yuri, University of California, San FranciscoDavid, Francois, Cornell UniversityEdin, Fredrik, Royal Institute for TechnologyGao, Juan, Princeton UniversityGreenside, Henry, Duke UniversityGuo, Yixin, Ohio State UniversityHamzei-Sichani, Farid, State University of New York, DownstateHaslinger, Robert, Martinos Center for Biomedical ImagingHua, Shao-Ying, Barnard CollegeJoseph, Ian, Georgia Institute of TechnologyKane, Abdoul, The Ohio State UniversityKatz, Yael, Northwestern UniversityMehaffey, W. Hamish, University of CalgaryRabinowitch, Ithai, Hebrew University of JerusalemSchiff, Max, New York UniversitySmeal, Roy, University of UtahSoto, Gabriel, Boston UniversityTeng, Ching-Ling, University of California, San FranciscoWitten, Ilana, Stanford UniversityMolecular Biology of AgingJuly 31 - August 20, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSAustad, Steven, University of Texas Health Science CenterRuvkun, Gary, Massachusetts General Hospital

64 educationFACULTYCurran, Sean, Massachusetts General HospitalFinch, Caleb, University of Southern CaliforniaGoldberg, Alfred, Harvard Medical SchoolSamuelson, Andrew, Massachusetts General HospitalWright, Woodring, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterXu, Jinling, Massachusetts General HospitalLECTURERSAiken, Judd, University of WisconsinBartke, Andrzej, Southern Illinois UniversityCampisi, Judith, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryDriscoll, Monica, Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyFerrington, Deborah, University of MinnesotaGuarente, Lenny, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyKim, Stuart, Stanford UniversityLindquist, Susan, Whitehead InstituteRichardson, Arlan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center atSan AntonioSinclair, David, Harvard Medical SchoolTatar, Marc, Brown UniversityTower, John, University of Southern CaliforniaVijg, Jan, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center atSan AntonioWallace, Douglas, University of CaliforniaWarner, HuberWick, Georg, Innsbruck Medical UniversityZirkin, Barry, Johns Hopkins UniversityCOURSE COORDINATORRossinni, Anja, University of Wisconsin, La CrosseCOURSE ASSISTANTMcCluskey, Kathryn, St. Lawrence UniversitySTUDENTSBates, William, University of British ColumbiaBelton, Amy, Howard UniversityBoehm, Michelle, Yale UniversityChen, Di, University of British ColumbiaCorona, Miguel, University of IllinoisGoldstein, Daniel, Yale University School of MedicineHouthoofd, Koen, Ghent UniversityHua, Yuanyuan, Stanford UniversityHughes, Robert, Buck InstituteKidane Mulat, Dawit, University of FreiburgMcLaughlin, Gerald, National Institutes of HealthNagrath, Deepak, HMS/ Massachusetts General HospitalPark, Hay-Oak, Ohio State UniversityPerez, Viviana, University of Texas Health Science CenterRauser, Casandra, University of California, IrvineRavichandran, Sathya, Johns Hopkins UniversitySfeir, Agnel, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasTanaka, Motomasa, University of California, San FranciscoVayndorf, Elena, Cornell UniversityYang, Yue, Harvard UniversityWorkshop on Molecular EvolutionJuly 24 - August 5, 2005COURSE DIRECTORCummings, Michael, University of MarylandFACULTYBeerli, Peter, Florida State UniversityBielawski, Joseph, Dalhousie UniversityEdwards, Scott, Harvard UniversityFelsenstein, Joseph, University of WashingtonHolder, Mark, Florida State UniversityKuhner, Mary, University of WashingtonLewis, Paul, University of ConnecticutMeyer, Axel, University of KonstanzMiyamoto, Michael, University of FloridaPearson, William, University of VirginiaRand, David, Brown UniversityRiley, Margaret, University of Massachusetts AmherstRonquist, Fredrik, Florida State UniversitySwofford, David, Florida State UniversityThompson, Steven, Florida State UniversityTurner, Paul, Yale UniversityVoytas, Daniel, Iowa State UniversityYoder, Anne, Yale UniversityYokoyama, Shozo, Emory UniversityTEACHING ASSISTANTSCadena, Daniel, University of Missouri-St. LouisLawton-Rauh, Amy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyRodriguez, Naiara, Université de MontrealWinka, Katarina, Umea UniversityCOMPUTER STAFFConte, Matthew, University of MarylandMyers, Daniel, University of MarylandCOURSE COORDINATORBazinet, Adam, University of MarylandSTUDENTSBlaha, Juliane, Karl-Franz University, GrazBlay, Wendy, University of WashingtonCaravas, Jason, Wayne State UniversityCarreira, Gilberto, Universidade dos Acores Cais de Sta CruzCasola, Claudio, Universita di PisaCastaneda, Maria, George Washington UniversityCornejo, Omar, Emory UniversityCrandall, Eric, Boston University Marine ProgramCunningham, Kyle, Johns Hopkins UniversityCuomo, Christina, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardDippenaar, Susan, University of LimpopoDomes, Katja, Technical University of DarmstadtDomingues, Vera, Instituto Superior de Psicologia AplicadDunthorn, Micah, University of Massachusetts-AmherstEmes, Richard, University College London

education 65Ferrer, Miriam, Acadia UniversityFisher, Heidi, Boston University Marine ProgramFoll, Matthieu, University Joseph FourierFrankel, Nicolás, University of Buenos AiresGroeneveld, Linn, German Primate CenterHandley-Goldstone, Heather, MBLHenn, Brenna, Stanford UniversityHermann, Lucille, University of PretoriaKandul, Nikolai, Harvard UniversityKeebaugh, Alaine Case, Emory UniversityKim, Su Yeon, University of ChicagoKuhlman, Peter, Denison UniversityLey, Ruth, Washington University in St. LouisLight, Jessica, Louisiana State UniversityLonghorn, Stuart, Portland State UniversityMantooth, Stacy, University of Nevada, Las VegasMazzoni, Camila, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZMoreau, Corrie Saux, Harvard UniversityPollack, Joshua, University of California BerkeleyPowers, Ann, Centers for Disease ControlQuek, Swee Peck, Harvard UniversityQuental, Tiago, Harvard UniversityRauh, Bradley, Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyRibas, Camila, American Museum of Natural HistoryRogers, Karyn, Washington University in St. LouisSabath, Niv, University of HoustonSilva, Joana, George Washington UniversitySmith, Gregory, College of William and MaryStephen, Catherine, Utah Valley State CollegeStuart, Bryan, The Field Museum of Natural HistoryTsyganov, Anton, University of Wales SwanseaUrban, Julie, New York State Museum & UniversityWallace, Lisa, University of South DakotaWorheide, Gert, University of GoettingenWornik, Sabine, Karl-Franz University, GrazAtkinson, Gemma, University of YorkAxelsson, Erik, Uppsala UniversityByrd, Brian, Tulane UniversityDossey, Aaron, University of FloridaGreen, Stefan, NASA - Ames Research CenterHellgren, Olof, Lund UniversityParker, Sandra, Northeastern UniversityPoole, Anthony, Stockholm UniversityTriant, Deborah, Purdue UniversityWillows-Munro, Sandi, Stellenbosch UniversityYang, Eun Chan, Chungnam National UniversityMolecular MycologyAugust 9 - August 25, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSEdwards, John, Harbor UCLA Medical CenterMitchell, Aaron, Columbia UniversityFACULTYDouglas, L. Julia, University of GlasgowFiller, Scott, Los Angeles Biomedical Research InstituteHull, Christina, University of Wisconsin, MadisonKeller, Nancy, University of WisconsinKonopka, James, State University of New YorkKronstad, Jim, University of British ColumbiaMagee, Paul, University of MinnesotaMylonakis, Eleftherios, Massachusetts General HospitalRhodes, Judith, University of CincinnatiWhite, Theodore, Seattle Biomedical Research InstituteLECTURERSAskew, David, University of CincinnatiBerman, Judith, University of MinnesotaDavidson, Robert, GlycoFi, Inc.Hube, Bernhard, Robert Koch-InstitutMayorga, Maria, MICROBIASpellberg, Brad, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTEACHING ASSISTANTSBahn, Yong-Sun, Duke UniversityDoedt, Thomas, Los Angeles Biomedical Research InstituteFraenkel, Alex, McGill UniversityKelly, Michelle, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterSelmecki, Anna, University of MinnesotaCOURSE COORDINATORRafkin, Wendy, Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterSTUDENTSAgarwal, Ameeta, University of MississippiBrand, Alexandra, University of AberdeenBrown-Kennerly, Victoria, Washington UniversityChayakulkeeree, Methee, Duke University Medical CenterEisenman, Helene, Albert Einstein College of MedicineFerrandon, Dominique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

66 educationGeunes-Boyer, Scarlett, Duke UniversityHohl, Tobias, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterHolcombe, Lucy, Imperial College, LondonHsueh, Yen-Ping, Duke UniversityLewis, Russell, University of HoustonLi, Li, Albert Einstein College of MedicineMavor, Abigail, Robert Koch-InstitutPadovan, Ana Carolina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - UMESSanyal, Kaustuv, University of CaliforniaSexton, Jessica, Washington University in St. LouisVermitsky, John-Paul, Drexel University College of MedicineZupancic, Margaret, Johns Hopkins UniversityNeuroinformaticsAugust 13 - August 28, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSBrown, Emery, Massachusetts General HospitalKleinfeld, David, University of California, San DiegoMitra, Partha, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryFACULTYAndrews, Peter, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryBokil, Hemant, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryFall, Chris, New York UniversityFee, Michale, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyFries, Pascal, Radboud University NijmegenHarris, Kenneth, Rutgers UniversityIyengar, Satish, University of PittsburghKass, Robert, Carnegie Mellon UniversityLoader, Catherine, Case Western Reserve UniversityMassaquoi, Steve, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPesaran, Bijan, California Institute of TechnologyPurpura, Keith, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityRichmond, Barry, NIMH/NIHSchiff, Nicholas, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversitySornborger, Andrew, University of GeorgiaTchernichovski, Ofer, City College of New YorkThomson, David, Queen’s UniversityVentura, Valerie, Carnegie Mellon UniversityVictor, Jonathan, Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityLECTURERSManiar, Hiren, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryMehta, Samar, University of California, San DiegoNiyogi, Partha, University of ChicagoWyatt, John, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyTEACHING ASSISTANTSEden, Uri, Massachusetts General HospitalLiebner, Jeffrey, Carnegie Mellon UniversityPatankar, Vijay, Cold Spring Harbor LaboratorySaar, Sigal, City University of New YorkSrinivasan, Lakshminarayan, Massachusetts General Hospital/HarvardUniversity/Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCOURSE ASSISTANTMedeiros, Kathryne, Bridgewater State CollegeSTUDENTSAggarwal, Prateek, Boston UniversityBlinder, Pablo, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevButson, Christopher, Cleveland Clinic FoundationCurtis, John, University of California, San Diegode Solages, Camille, École Normale SupérieureDiester, Ilka, Hertie InstituteFlores, Francisco, Universidad de ChileGage, Gregory, University of MichiganGao, Zhenglei, Duke UniversityGerkin, Richard, University of PittsburghGlidden, Hilary, California Institute of TechnologyHoffmann, Eszter, Hebrew University JerusalemItskov, Vladimir, Rutgers, State University of New JerseyLi, MengRu, Duke UniversityLim, Hubert, The University of MichiganLima, Bruss, Max-Planck-Institute for Brain ResearchMacke, Jakob, University of OxfordMartin, Eugene, University of FloridaMolina-Luna, Katiuska, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchPatterson, Michael, Montana State UniversityRavbar, Primoz, City University of New YorkReimer, Jacob, University of ChicagoTudusciuc, Oana, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchWyatt, John, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyZhou, Yi, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityPathogenesis of NeuroimmunologicDiseasesAugust 7 - August 20, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSDarnell, Robert, The Rockefeller UniversityGoverman, Joan, University of WashingtonRansohoff, Richard, Cleveland ClinicFACULTYBarnum, Scott, University of Alabama at BirminghamBenveniste, Etty, University of Alabama at BirminghamBerman, Joan, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBlankenhorn, Elizabeth, Drexel University College of MedicineChao, Moses, New York UniversityDalakas, Marinos, National Institutes of HealthDrachman, Daniel, The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineGriffin, Diane, The Johns Hopkins School of Public HealthGriffin, John, The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineHickey, William, Dartmouth Medical SchoolHohlfeld, Reinhard, University of MunichLucchinetti, Claudia, Mayo Clinic College of MedicineNath, Avindra, The Johns Hopkins UniversityPfeiffer, Steven, University of Connecticut Medical SchoolPorcelli, Steven, Albert Einstein College of MedicinePrice, Donald, The Johns Hopkins School of MedicineRosenbluth, Jack, New York University School of MedicineSadofsky, Moshe, Albert Einstein College of MedicineSaper, Clifford, Harvard Medical SchoolShrager, Peter, University of Rochester Medical Center

education 67Tracey, Kevin, North Shore-LIJ Research InstituteVartanian, Timothy, Beth Israel/Harvard Medical Schoolvon Herrath, Matthias, La Jolla InstituteWaksman, Byron, New York University School of MedicineWilliams, Kenneth, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterLECTURERSPatterson, Paul, California Institute of TechnologyScherer, Steven, University of PennsylvaniaSedgwick, Jonathon, Eli Lilly and CompanySnyder, Evan, The Burnham InstituteSontheimer, Harald, University of AlabamaVincent, Angela, Oxford UniversityCOURSE ASSISTANTNormand, Danielle, University of New HampshireSTUDENTSAkesson, Eva, Karolinska InstitutetAustin, Bobbie Ann, University of OklahomaBallard, Eileen, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterBuckingham, Susan, University of Vermont College of MedicineCastaneda, Julian, University of Rochester Medical SchoolCorey, Shawn, Wake Forest University School of MedicineEichler, Florian, Massachusetts General HospitalGerman, Christopher, Mayo Clinic Graduate SchoolHigashimori, Haruki, University of Alabama at BirminghamJanelsins, Michelle, University of RochesterLaver, Travis, University of Alabama at BirminghamLee, Sun Jung, University of Alabama at BirminghamLynch, Jessica, University of MinnesotaPais, Teresa, Instituto Gulbenkian de CienciaProvencio, J. Javier, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineReynolds, Ashley, Princeton UniversitySteelman, Andrew, Texas A&M UniversityTuebing, Fabian, Max Planck Institute for Developmental BiologyWu, Gregory, Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaOptical MicroscopyOctober 11 - October 20, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSHard, Robert, University at BuffaloIzzard, Colin, University at AlbanyFACULTYDePasquale, Joseph, Morphogenyx IncMcNally, James, National Insitutes of Health/NCIMurray, John, University of PennsylvaniaPiston, David, Vanderbilt UniversityLECTURERKeller, Hartmut, RetiredTEACHING ASSISTANTSDunham, Star, University at BuffaloMonin, Amber, University at BuffaloSigurdson, Wade, University at BuffaloSTUDENTSAhmad, Omar, The Rockefeller UniversityBell, Amy, Virginia TechCurley, Justine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterCzapiga, Meggan, National Institutes of HealthDhar, Neeraj, The Rockefeller UniversityDods, James, University of CambridgeDzubay, Jeff, Invitrogen/Molecular Probes Inc.Friehs, Ingeborg, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical SchoolGomes, Nuno, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at DallasKoeller, Hajira, Weill Graduate School of Biomedical ScienceLaganiere, Janet, University of MontrealLansford, Heather, Salk InstituteLeung, Benjamin, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolMellott, Jeffrey, University of Texas at DallasMoeller, Flemming, Novo Nordisk A/SNeumann, Aaron, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNunemaker, Craig, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityOlson, Karen, University of MinnesotaRoss, John, University of PennsylvaniaShaw, Brigitte, University of Miami School of MedicineShepard, Rebekah, University of California, DavisUngvari, Zoltan, New York Medical CollegeWang, Helena, Northwestern UniversityWheeler, Ann, The Scripps Research InstituteSummer Program in Neuroscience,Ethics & SurvivalJune 18 - July 16, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSMartinez, Joe, University of Texas at San AntonioTownsel, James, Meharry Medical CollegeFACULTYBower, James, University of Texas Health Science CenterCastaneda, Edward, Arizona State UniversityEtgen, Anne, Albert Einstein College of MedicineFord, Byron, Morehouse School of MedicineFox, Thomas, Harvard Medical SchoolHildebrand, John, University of ArizonaJones, James, American Psychological AssociationMolina, Patricia, Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterPena de Ortiz, Sandra, University of Puerto RicoTrujillo, Keith, California State University San MarcosLECTURERSAmaro, Hortensia, Northeastern UniversityKravitz, Edward, Harvard Medical SchoolNickerson, Kim, American Psychological AssociationSavage, Robert, Williams CollegeTEACHING ASSISTANTSOrfila, James, University of Texas at San AntonioCOURSE COORDINATORGuzman, Myra, University of Texas at San Antonio

68 educationSTUDENTSAparicio, Paul, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyArthur, Joeanna, George Washington UniversityBbosa, Godfrey, Makerere University Medical SchoolBurgos-Robles, Anthony, Ponce School of MedicineCasas, Rachel, University of IowaClaiborne, Jomo, Meharry Medical CollegeCueva, Juan, Stanford UniversityDzakpasu, Rhonda, University of MichiganJimenez, Daniel, University of PittsburghJones, Jermaine, American UniversityKing, Michael, University of California, Los AngelesLazaro-Munoz, Gabriel, University of Puerto RicoMorales, Julio, University of the Americas-PueblaPantoja, Rigo, California Institute of TechnologyRicoy, Ulises, The University of Texas at San AnonioWilliams, Shimere, Meharry Medical CollegeZavala, Arturo, Arizona State UniversityDurchanek, Rose, University of OregonEisen, Judith, University of OregonFadool, James, Florida State UniversityFetcho, Joseph, Cornell UniversityGranato, Michael, University of PennsylvaniaHouart, Corinne, King’s College LondonKimmel, Charles, University of OregonNeuhauss, Stephan, Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyTalbot, William, Stanford UniversityLECTURERSLeung, Yuk Fai, Harvard UniversityWilson, Stephen, University College LondonYelon, Deborah, Skirball Institute, New York UniversityZon, Leonard, Children’s Hospital/HHMITEACHING ASSISTANTSAvila, Robin, Boston CollegeBianco, Isaac, University College LondonBurgess, Harold, University of PennsylvaniaCampbell, Douglas, University of UtahDownes, Gerald, University of MassachusettsKimmel, Reida, University of OregonKishore, Sandeep, Cornell UniversityLiao, James, Cornell UniversityLittle, Shawn, University of PennsylvaniaMelancon, Ellie, University of OregonSchneider, Valerie, University of PennsylvaniaSchoenebeck, Jeffrey, New York School of MedicineSuli, Arminda, University of UtahTawk, Marcel, University College LondonWoods, Ian, Stanford UniversityCOURSE COORDINATORGribble, Suzanna, University of UtahCOURSE ASSISTANTSLawrence, Christian, Brigham and Women’s HospitalMazanec, April, Zebrafish International Resource CenterStewart-Swift, Caitlin, Wheaton CollegeNeural Development & Geneticsof ZebrafishAugust 14 - August 27, 2005COURSE DIRECTORSMoens, Cecilia, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterMullins, Mary, University of PennsylvaniaFACULTYChien, Chi-Bin, University of UtahClarke, Jon, University College LondonCollazo, Andres, House Ear InstituteDraper, Bruce W., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSTUDENTSCerveny, Kara, Johns Hopkins UniversityFox, Michael, Harvard UniversityGeorge, Rani, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteGonzalez-Quevedo, Rosa, National Institute for Medical ResearchKim, Hyejeong, University of SheffieldKim, Kyu-Won, Seoul National UniversityKrull, Catherine, University of MichiganLi, Shanru, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineLin, Shin-Yi, Princeton UniversityMisgeld, Thomas, Harvard UniversityMuenke, Maximilian, National Human Genome Research Institute/NIHNembhard, Kelly, Duke UniversityPiloto, Sarah, University of California, IrvineSmolen, Gromoslaw, Massachusetts General HospitalVollrath, Melissa, Harvard Medical SchoolWalsh, Gregory, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research InstituteWolman, Marc, University of Wisconsin-Madison

education 69Brown-MBL Graduate Program inBiological and Environmental SciencesThe Brown-MBL Graduate Program in Biologicaland Environmental Sciences unites MBL and BrownUniversity’s combined research and educationexpertise in biology, biomedicine, and environmentalsciences and offers talented graduate students thechance to work with scientists at both institutions.The program has experienced robust growth sinceits creation less than three years ago, doubling insize in 2005. Five new first-year graduate studentsmatriculated into the program in 2005, joining fivestudents previously enrolled.The Brown-MBL affiliation not only provides aone-of-a-kind training experience for graduatestudents, but also a ripe environment for facultyexchanges and research collaborations between thetwo institutions. The affiliation also enables MBLinvestigators and Brown faculty the opportunity topursue joint appointments at the two institutions. Ajoint appointment for an MBL faculty member allowsa scientist to serve as a mentor in the joint programor offer a course at Brown. Ecosystems Center Seniorscientist Ed Rastetter taught an ecosystems modelingcourse at the MBL during the Brown intersessionin January 2006 and a team of Brown faculty andEcosystems Center staff at Brown are teaching a courseon the human impacts on ecosystem functioningduring the spring 2006 semester.STUDENTSMarselle Alexander-Ozinskas, Ecology and Evolutionary BiologySusanne DiSalvo, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and BiochemistryGilian Galford, Geological SciencesLorin Jakubek, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and BiochemistryKristy Kroeker, Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyErica Lasek-Nesselquist, Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyVinh Nguyen, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and BiochemistryApril Shiflett, PathobiologySeeta Sistla, Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyNatalie Stephens, PathobiologyJustin Widener, PathobiologyMBL FACULTY with BROWN APPOINTMENTSLinda Amaral Zettler, Bay Paul CenterSeth Bordenstein, Bay Paul CenterLinda Deegan, The Ecosystems CenterRobert Greenberg, Program in Molecular PhysiologyStephen Hajduk, Bay Paul CenterJohn Hobbie, The Ecosystems CenterChuck Hopkinson, The Ecosystems CenterDavid Mark Welch, Bay Paul CenterAndrew McArthur, Bay Paul CenterJerry Melillo, The Ecosystems CenterChris Neill, The Ecosystems CenterDavid Patterson, Bay Paul CenterBruce Peterson, The Ecosystems CenterEd Rastetter, The Ecosystems CenterGus Shaver, The Ecosystems CenterMitchell Sogin, Bay Paul CenterJoe Vallino, The Ecosystems CenterJennifer Wernegreen, Bay Paul Center

70 educationother educational programsNASA Planetary Biology InternshipProgramDIRECTORSDolan, Michael F., University of Massachusetts AmherstMargulis, Lynn, University of Massachusetts AmherstSPONSORSBebout, Brad, NASA Ames Research CenterCady, Sherry, Portland State UniversityDeamer, Dave, University of California Santa CruzFalkowski, Paul, Rutgers UniversityFox, George, University of HoustonOremland, Ronald, U.S. Geological SurveyPeterson, Kevin, Dartmouth CollegeRothschild, Lynn, NASA Ames Research CenterStolz, John, Duquesne UniversitySummons, Roger, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyVisscher, Pieter, University of ConnecticutINTERNSBhatia, Maya, Oxford UniversityDuller, Stephan, University of ViennaFiltness, Michal, Jane Cardiff UniversityGarcía, Antonio, Universidad Autónoma de MadridKhosravani, Houman, University of CalgaryLeuko, Stefan, Macquarie UniversityRaghavan, T. Madhan, Goa UniversityShapovalova, Anna, Winogradsly Institute of MicrobiologyShepard, Rebekah, University of California DavisSmith, Jason, University of FloridaSperling, Eric, Stanford UniversityLiving in the Microbial World:Teachers’ WorkshopDIRECTORSDorritie, Barbara, Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, MassachusettsOlendzenski, Lorraine, St. Lawrence UniversityFACULTYGunnard, Jessie, University of Massachusetts, AmherstCOURSE ASSISTANTSBahr, Michelle, MBLGotta, Emily, St. Lawrence UniversityPRESENTERSBebout, Brad, NASA Ames Research CenterBermudes, David, Vion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, ConnecticutDyer, Betsey, Wheaton CollegeEdgcomb, Virginia, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionMargulis, Lynn, University of Massachusetts, AmherstPatterson, David, MBLWier, Andrew, University of Wisconsin, MadisonTEACHER PARTICIPANTSArmitage, Chris, Portage Northern High School, MichiganBiehl, Angelique, Portage Northern High School, MichiganDugan, William, The High School for Math, Science and Engineering atCCNYFinch, Rebecca, Seneca Valley Senior High, PennsylvaniaFitzgerald, Laura Dean, Brooklawn Middle School, New JerseyFry, Alan, Duncan Polytechnic High School, CaliforniaHagadorn, Colleen, South Glens Falls High School, New YorkHock, Ling Law, Raffles Institution, SingaporeKast, Tracey, Massena Central High School, New YorkLaurencig, Cathy, Portage Central High School, MichiganLing, Joycelene Woo Mei, Raffles Institution, SingaporeMons Johnson, Joanne, Kearney High School of Science Connectionsand Technology, California

education 71Moore-Palumbo, Susan, South Glens Falls High School, New YorkNiehaus, Jerry, Kearney High School of Science Connectionsand Technology, CaliforniaManley, Kathleen, Lindbergh Senior High School, MissouriSmith, Warren, Westminster Christian Academy, MissouriStephens, Beth, University of Massachusetts, AmherstTrent, Tara, Cambridge Rindge and Latin School, MassachusettsWilliamson, Dianne, Duncan Polytechnic High School, CaliforniaScience Journalism ProgramCO-DIRECTORSGoldman, Robert D., Northwestern UniversityRensberger, Boyce, Knight Science Journalism Fellowships, MITADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTORHinkle, Pamela Clapp, MBLBIOMEDICAL FACULTYBloom, Kerry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, co-directorPalazzo, Robert, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, co-directorPearson, Chad, University of Colorado at BoulderSchnackenberg, Bradley J., University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesENVIRONMENT COURSE FACULTYKen Foreman, MBL, co-directorChris Neill, MBL co-directorRich McHorney, MBLBIOMEDICAL FELLOWSChen, Ingfei, FreelanceEscobar, Herton A., O Estado de S. PauloFields, Helen E., U.S. News & World ReportMitamura, Taro, Japanese Broadcasting Corp. (NHK)Mundy, Liza, The Washington PostRossi, Lisa, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterZielinski, Sarah, Journal of the National Cancer InstituteENVIRONMENT FELLOWSBruggers, James D., The Courier-JournalHoag, Hannah, FreelanceHansen, Rosanna, FreelanceHutchison, Kristan, The Antarctic SunStark, Mike, The Billings GazetteTollefson, Jeff, Santa Fe New MexicanSemester in Environmental ScienceThe 2005 Science Journalism Programwas supported by:Semester in EnvironmentalScience ProgramDIRECTORForeman, Kenneth H.FACULTYDeegan, Linda A.Foreman, Kenneth H.Giblin, Anne E.Hobbie, John E.Hopkinson, Charles S., Jr.Liles, GeorgeMelillo, Jerry M.Neill, ChristopherPeterson, Bruce J.Rastetter, Edward B.Shaver, Gaius R.Vallino, Joseph J.RESEARCH AND TEACHING ASSISTANTSBurce, AllisonCulbertson, JenniferFunk, ClaraKwiatkowski, BonnieMcHorney, RichardWittman, LauraSTUDENTSAkullian, Adam, N., Brown UniversityFiedler, Kathryn, D., Dickinson CollegeHarrold, Katherine, H., Middlebury CollegeHerbert, Ellen, R., Kenyon CollegeLevy, Natalie, J., University of California, BerkeleyLongo, William, M., Haverford CollegeMachacek, Cara, P., Colorado CollegeMcGowan, Craig, J., Brown UniversityMoreau, Sabrina, A., Hampshire CollegeNagel, Laura, R., Allegheny CollegePeters, Jennifer, M. R., Bard CollegeReimer, Jennifer, A., Clark UniversityShannon, Courtney, H., Colorado CollegeSmith, Hilary, A., Ripon CollegeSpivey, Rowan, M., Haverford CollegeTravis, Nicole, M., Brown UniversityWalker, Jeffrey, D., Cornell UniversityAmerican Society for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAmerican Society for Cell BiologyHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNASANational Science Foundation—Polar ProgramsNew York Times Company FoundationWaksman Foundation for MicrobiologyByron Waksman Fellowship/MBL

72 educationscholarship awardsIn 2005, the MBL awarded the following scholarships to more than 200 highly qualified students,enabling them to participate in our total-immersion courses.C. Lalor Burdick ScholarshipAboobaker, Aziz, University of California, BerkeleyDille, Elizabeth A., University of Wisconsin Medical SchoolScholars of The Bauer Center for GenomicsResearch at HarvardCoin, Lachlan, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCooper, Samantha, University of California San FranciscoGarcia, Hernan, California Institute of TechnologyGhosh-Roy, Anindya, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchJawerth, Louise, Harvard UniversityKapitein, Lukas, Vrije UniversiteitLaan, Liedewij, FOM Institute for Atomic & Molecular PhysicsLevy, Sagi, Weizmann Institute of ScienceWang, Yufang, Princeton UniversityThe Bruce and Betty Alberts EndowedScholarship in PhysiologyHolt, Liam, University of California, San FranciscoPeled, Einat, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceSivaramakrishnan, Sivaraj, Northwestern UniversityAmerican Society for Cell BiologyAngeles, Vanessa T., University of California, San FranciscoCortez, Alejandro, University of California, RiversideJacobs, Damon, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillJoseph, Ian M., Georgia Institute of TechnologyMelano, Timothy, University of ArizonaNembhard, Kelly A., Duke UniversityPiloto, Sarah, University of California, IrvineRodrigues, Sarina M., Columbia UniversityRodriguez, Alexis, Albert Einstein College of MedicineSantillano, Daniel, University of California, MercedValdez, Kelli E., University of Kansas Medical CenterAmerican Society for Reproductive MedicineSilva, Celso, University of PennsylvaniaBiology Club of the College of theCity of New YorkLu, Wei, New York University School of MedicineJohn & Elisabeth Buck Endowed ScholarshipSchneider, Ian, North Carolina State UniversityBurroughs Wellcome Fund—Biology of ParasitismCourseEl Hajj, Hiba, Montpellier II UniversityElias, Eliana, National University of CordobaFragoso, Cristina, University of BernOkafor, Christian, University of IbadanRibacke, Ulf, Karolinska InstitutetRicaldez, Ericka, Washington University in St. LouisSmid, Ondrej, Charles UniversityBurroughs Wellcome Fund—Frontiers inReproduction CourseAdu, Emmanuel K., Animal Research InstituteAngeles, Vanessa T., University of California, San FranciscoBanerjee, Prajna, University of Illinois, ChicagoBorowczyk, Ewa, North Dakota State UniversityBromfield, John J., University of AdelaideDille, Elizabeth A., University of Wisconsin Medical SchoolFarmer, Jennifer L., Texas A&M UniversityJacobi Elizondo, Jessica S., Neurobiology InstituteLiguori, Lavinia, Universita di PerugiaMatulis, Christina K., Northwestern UniversityMcIntire, Ramsey H., University of Kansas Medical CenterMendez, Isabel C., Instituto Nacional de Ciencias MedicasPoehlmann, Tobias G., Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaSachdev, Monika, University of Virginia School of MedicineTalbi, Said, Stanford Medical SchoolValdez, Kelli E., University of Kansas Medical CenterVallejo, Griselda, University of Buenos AiresWelsh, Toni N., University of Newcastle, AustraliaWest, Erin R., Northwestern University

education 73Burroughs Wellcome Fund—MolecularMycology CourseBrand, Alexandra C., University of AberdeenBrown-Kennerly, Victoria L., Washington UniversityChayakulkeeree, Methee, Duke University Medical CenterEisenman, Helene C., Albert Einstein College of MedicineGeunes-Boyer, Scarlett G., Duke UniversityHolcombe, Lucy J., Imperial College, LondonHsueh, Yen-Ping, Duke UniversityLewis, Russell E., University of HoustonLi, Li, Albert Einstein College of MedicineMavor, Abigail L., Robert Koch-InstitutPadovan, Ana Carolina B., Universidade Federal deSao Paulo - UMESSanyal, Kaustuv, University of CaliforniaSexton, Jessica A., Washington University in St. LouisVermitsky, John-Paul, Drexel University College of MedicinePost-Course Research AwardsEMBRYOLOGYDaniel Jackson, University of QueenslandNEUROBIOLOGYHeidi Chial, Wake Forest UniversitySPINESJuan Cueva, Stanford UniversityRhonda Dzakpasu, University of MichiganBurroughs Wellcome Fund—PhysiologyCourseCoin, Lachlan, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCooper, Samantha, University of California San FranciscoGhosh-Roy, Anindya, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchLaan, Liedewij, FOM Institute for Atomic & Molecular PhysicsLevy, Sagi, Weizmann Institute of ScienceTrichet, Léa, Institut CurieMax M. Burger Endowed ScholarshipBisson, Nicolas, Laval UniversityBrown, C. Titus, California Institute of TechnologyGary N. Calkins Memorial ScholarshipHouthoofd, Wouter, Ghent UniversityThe Company of Biologists Ltd ScholarshipEconomou, Andrew, University College LondonKunwar, Prabhat, New York University Medical CenterMacauley, Neva, University of WashingtonEdwin Grant Conklin Memorial FundYin, Chunyue, Vanderbilt UniversityBernard Davis FundHobley, Laura, University of NottinghamSharma, Adrian, Dalhousie UniversityWilliam F. and Irene C. Diller Memorial FundJackson, Daniel, University of QueenslandMac V. Edds, Jr. Endowed Scholarship FundEames, Brian, University of California, San FranciscoSuárez-Castillo, Edna, University of Puerto RicoThe Ellison Medical Foundation—Biologyof Parasitism CourseChessler, Anne-Danielle, Harvard School of Public HealthFragoso, Cristina, University of BernOkafor, Christian, University of IbadanPal-bhowmick, Ipsita, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchRandall, Louise, The University of QueenslandSmid, Ondrej, Charles UniversityThe Ellison Medical Foundation—Molecular Biology of Aging CourseBates, William R., University of British ColumbiaBelton, Amy M., Howard UniversityBoehm, Michelle M., Yale UniversityChen, Di, University of British ColumbiaCorona, Miguel V., University of IllinoisGoldstein, Daniel R., Yale University School of MedicineHouthoofd, Koen B., Ghent UniversityHua, Yuanyuan, Stanford UniversityHughes, Robert E., Buck InstituteKidane Mulat, Dawit, University of FreiburgMcLaughlin, Gerald L., National Institutes of HealthNagrath, Deepak, HMS/ Massachusetts General HospitalPark, Hay-Oak, Ohio State UniversityPerez, Viviana I., University of Texas Health Science CenterRauser, Casandra L., University of California, IrvineRavichandran, Sathya, Johns Hopkins UniversitySfeir, Agnel J., University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centerat DallasTanaka, Motomasa, University of California, San FranciscoVayndorf, Elena, Cornell UniversityYang, Yue, Harvard UniversityGerald D. & Ruth L. Fischbach EndowedScholarshipBarber, Cynthia F., Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLam, Alice D., University of Michigan

74 educationCaswell Grave Scholarship FundLinker, Claudia, University College LondonMagie, Craig, University of Hawaii at ManoaOzbudak, Ertugrul, Cancer Research UKThomas B. Grave and Elizabeth F. Grave ScholarshipAboobaker, Aziz, University of California, BerkeleyBisson, Nicolas, Laval UniversityEconomou, Andrew, University College LondonHouthoofd, Wouter, Ghent UniversityJackson, Daniel, University of QueenslandKoh, Tong-Wey, Baylor College of MedicineKomisarczuk, Anna Z., SARS International CentreKrofczik, Sabine, Free UniversityLi, Shanru, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineTalley, Jennifer L., Case Western Reserve UniversityTunca, Bilge, University of CincinnatiYin, Chunyue, Vanderbilt UniversityAlbert & Ellen Grass Foundation—Neural Systems & Behavior CourseKinoshita, Michiyo, Yokohama City UniversityLu, Wei, New York University School of MedicineVonderschen, Katrin, Aachen UniversityWindsor, Shane P., University of AucklandDaniel S. and Edith T. GroschScholarship FundYeung, Chok Hang, Stanford UniversityAline D. Gross Scholarship FundCrisp, Sarah J., University of CambridgeHart, Miranda, University of GuelphHoward Hughes Medical InstituteCrisp, Sarah, University of CambridgeElias, Eliana, National University of CordobaFerguson, Gail, University of EdinburghGhose, Kaushik, University of Maryland College ParkGramse, Verena, Humboldt UniversityHart, Miranda, University of GuelphHobley, Laura, University of NottinghamHouthoofd, Wouter, Ghent UniversityHusch, Andreas, University of CologneJackson, Daniel, University of QueenslandKane, Abdoul A., The Ohio State UniversityKinoshita, Michiyo, Yokohama City UniversityKrofczik, Sabine, Free UniversityKunwar, Prabhat, New York University Medical CenterMasue, Yoko, Stanford UniversityMeier, Silke, University of MunichOkafor, Christian, University of IbadanPal-bhowmick, Ipsita, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchPavlova, Iglika, University of ChicagoPfister, Daniela, University of InnsbruckRose, Tobias, European Neuroscience InstituteSoto, Gabriel R., Boston UniversityYeung, Chok Hang, Stanford UniversityWilliam Randolph Hearst Educational EndowmentBrandman, Relly, Stanford UniversityKirby, Andrea, Duke UniversityKrueger, Lori, University of California, DavisPak, Chi, Colorado State UniversityWeibel, Douglas, Harvard UniversityInternational Brain Research OrganizationBbosa, Godfrey, Makerere University Medical SchoolFlores, Francisco, Universidad de ChileFreudenthal, Ramiro A.M., Ciudad UniversitariaOteiza, Pablo A., Universidad de ChileTudusciuc, Oana, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchHolger & Friederun Jannasch Scholarshipin Microbial DiversityFoti, Mirjam, Delft University of TechnologyBenjamin Kaminer ScholarshipHolt, Liam, University of California, San FranciscoArthur Klorfein Scholarship andFellowship FundCivitelli, Livia, La Sapienza UniversityLi, Shanru, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineLinker, Claudia, University College LondonNikitina, Natalya, University of Cape TownSuárez-Castillo, Edna, University of Puerto RicoTunca, Bilge, University of CincinnatiVollrath, Melissa, Harvard Medical SchoolWalsh, Gregory S., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research InstituteWolman, Marc A., University of Wisconsin, MadisonYin, Chunyue, Vanderbilt UniversityFrank R. Lillie Fellowship andScholarship Fundvan der Meer, Matthijs A.A., University of EdinburghVonderschen, Katrin, Aachen UniversityWang, Peiyuan, University at BuffaloWarren, Timothy L., Stanford University

education 75The Gruss Lipper Family Foundation ScholarshipPeled, Einat, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceJacques Loeb Founders’ Scholarship FundBrandman, Relly, Stanford UniversityS.O. Mast Memorial FundFerguson, Gail, University of EdinburghHobley, Laura, University of NottinghamKoh, Tong-Wey, Baylor College of MedicineSaikaly, Pascal, University of CincinnatiWindsor, Shane P., University of AucklandMBL Associates Endowed Scholarship FundOkafor, Christian, University of IbadanSmid, Ondrej, Charles UniversityMBL Pioneers Scholarship FundCivitelli, Livia, La Sapienza UniversityEl Hajj, Hiba, Montpellier II UniversityFox, Michael A., Harvard UniversityGonzalez-Quevedo, Rosa, National Institute forMedical ResearchRandall, Louise, The University of QueenslandRibacke, Ulf, Karolinska InstitutetRicaldez, Ericka, Washington University in St. LouisSmid, Ondrej, Charles UniversityGordon & Betty Moore FoundationFerguson, Gail, University of EdinburghFoti, Mirjam, Delft University of TechnologyMaignien, Lois, Gent UniversityMasue, Yoko, Stanford UniversityOguntoyinbo, Folarin, University of LagosPavlova, Iglika, University of ChicagoSharma, Adrian, Dalhousie UniversityStührmann, Torben, Max Planck Institute for MarineMicrobiologyFrank Morrell Endowed Memorial ScholarshipMeier, Silke, University of MunichRose, Tobias, European Neuroscience InstituteMountain Memorial Fund ScholarshipBrandman, Relly, Stanford UniversityCoin, Lachlan, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHolt, Liam, University of California, San FranciscoLaan, Liedewij, FOM Institute for Atomic & Molecular PhysicsTrichet, Léa, Institut CurieYudushkin, Ivan, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryNeural Systems & Behavior Course EndowedScholarship FundMarkham, Rebecca, Florida International UniversityPfizer Inc. Endowed ScholarshipCunha, Julia, UNIFESP/EPMElias, Eliana, National University of CordobaOkafor, Christian, University of IbadanPlanetary Biology Internship ScholarshipsJu, Kou-San, University of California, DavisPlacella, Sarah, University of California, BerkeleyWilliam Townsend Porter ScholarshipAngeles, Vanessa T., University of California, San FranciscoCortez, Alejandro, University of California, RiversideJoseph, Ian M., Georgia Institute of TechnologyMelano, Timothy, University of ArizonaSantillano, Daniel, University of California, MercedValdez, Kelli E., University of Kansas Medical CenterHerbert W. Rand Fellowship andScholarship FundBassett, Joshua P., New York University School of MedicineBorgmann, Anke, University of CologneGhose, Kaushik, University of Maryland College ParkKinoshita, Michiyo, Yokohama City UniversityKrull, Catherine, University of MichiganLevy, Sagi, Weizmann Institute of SciencePantoja, Carlos, University of California, San FranciscoPeled, Einat, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceVonderschen, Katrin, Aachen UniversityWindsor, Shane P., University of AucklandZilberman, Yuliya, Weizmann Institute of ScienceFlorence C. Rose and S. Meryl Rose EndowedScholarshipEames, Brian, University of California, San FranciscoPutnam, Nicholas, DOE Joint Genome InstituteTunca, Bilge, University of CincinnatiRuth Sager Memorial ScholarshipCerveny, Kara L., Johns Hopkins UniversityKomisarczuk, Anna Z., SARS International CentreLin, Shin-Yi, Princeton UniversitySuárez-Castillo, Edna, University of Puerto RicoHoward A. Schneiderman Endowed ScholarshipThiele, Tod R., University of OregonWindsor, Shane P., University of AucklandAlberto Monroy FoundationCivitelli, Livia, La Sapienza University

76 educationMilton L. Shifman Endowed ScholarshipAnishchenko, Anastasia, Brown UniversityChessler, Anne-Danielle, Harvard School of Public HealthKamei, Caramai, Harvard Medical SchoolReeves, Gregory, Princeton UniversityWeibel, Douglas, Harvard UniversitySociety for Developmental BiologyBrown, C. Titus, California Institute of TechnologyCortez, Christy, University of Colorado Health Science CenterKhudyakov, Jane, California Institute of TechnologySociety for General PhysiologyGhosh-Roy, Anindya, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchGramse, Verena, Humboldt University, Fumio Mekata ScholarNikitina, Natalya, University of Cape TownWindsor, Shane P., University of AucklandMarjorie W. Stetten Scholarship FundCunha, Julia, UNIFESP/EPMRicaldez, Ericka, Washington University in St. LouisHorace W. Stunkard Scholarship FundHobley, Laura, University of NottinghamMasue, Yoko, Stanford UniversitySaikaly, Pascal, University of CincinnatiYeung, Chok Hang, Stanford UniversitySurdna Foundation ScholarshipBanghart, Matthew R., University of California, BerkeleyChial, Heidi J., Wake Forest UniversityCunha, Julia, UNIFESP/EPMElias, Eliana, National University of CordobaFrokjaer-Jensen, Christian, University of CopenhagenOkafor, Christian, University of IbadanPal-bhowmick, Ipsita, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchRicaldez, Ericka, Washington University in St. LouisEva Szent-Györgyi Scholarship FundYang, Xiaojing, Peking UniversityJ. P. & Madeleine Trinkaus Endowed ScholarshipEames, Brian, University of California, San FranciscoSelman A. Waksman Endowed Scholarshipin Microbial DiversityHart, Miranda, University of GuelphSharma, Adrian, Dalhousie UniversityWilliam Morton Wheeler Family Founders’ScholarshipHart, Miranda, University of GuelphSaikaly, Pascal, University of CincinnatiWalter L. Wilson Endowed Scholarship FundYudushkin, Ivan, European Molecular Biology LaboratoryWorld Health OrganizationMendez, Isabel C., Instituto Nacional de Ciencias MedicasVallejo, Griselda, University of Buenos Aires

mblwhoi library 77mblwhoi libraryreport of the library directorlibrary volunteersHERBARIUMFrank ChildJulie ChildPaul FreyheitSallie GiffenTom GreggNancy McDonaldArlene RogersMichele MizejewskiLIBRARYAnna B. IvanovaRARE BOOKSMillie HeuttnerCarol WinnThe library’s leadership position within the digital informationworld continues to develop at an unprecedented rate. Likeamazon.com® and Google, we regularly mine data about ourcollections and the way Woods Hole scientists gather informationfrom the collection. We analyze structured information about thematerials in our collections through circulation statistics, referencetransactions, interlibrary loan requests, and usage behavior innetworked on-line electronic books and journals. The worldwidebibliographic library cooperative OCLC recently published its study“Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources” (www.oclc.org/reports/2005perceptions.htm.) While this report states thatmany respondents still hold on to decades-old perceptions of libraryservices, that view is far from the reality of the modern digitalscience library.As the print resources available to libraries declines, it becomescrucial for collections and services to be methodically reviewedon a regular basis, with an eye towards keeping them aligned withthe mission of our institutions, the needs of our patrons, emerginglibraryresearchersAbbott, Jayne B., Marine ResearchAguilar, Carmen, Great Lakes WATER InstituteAllen, Garland E., Washington UniversityAllen, Nina S., North Carolina State UniversityAllnutt, Tom, Advanced BioNutrition CorporationAnderson, Everett, Harvard Medical SchoolAnderson, Gary, University of Southern MississippiAnderson, Pat, Great Lakes WATER InstituteApplegate, Andy, New England Fishery Mgmt. CouncilArmstrong, Michael, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesBarlow, Robert, Upstate Medical UniversityBenjamin, Thomas L., Harvard Medical SchoolBergen, Lydia, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchBinkowski, Fred, Great Lakes WATER InstituteBlake, Charles, University of South CarolinaBoelke, Deirdre, New England Fishery Mgmt. CouncilBoyce, Peter, Maria Mitchell SocietyBoyd, Heather C.Boyer, John F., Union CollegeBrown, Eric, Upstate Medical University, SyracuseBrown, Moira, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchBullis, Robert A., Advanced BioNutrition CorpBurke, Don, The Johns Hopkins UniversityCameron, Lisa A., University of North Carolina, Chapel HillCandelas, Graciela C., University of Puerto RicoCaruso, Paul, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesCarvan, Mike, Great Lakes WATER InstituteCervino, JamesChase, Brad, Annisquam River Marine Fisheries StationChild, Frank M., Trinity CollegeChisolm, John, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesCobb, Jewel P., California State UniversityCohen, Bruce N., California Technological InstituteCohen, Seymour S., American Cancer SocietyCollier, Jamus, Center for Coastal StudiesConsi, Tom, Great Lakes WATER InstituteCorliss, Bruce, Duke UniversityCorreia, Steven, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesCouch, Ernest F., Texas Christian University

78 mblwhoi librarytrends, and current standards and practices. In the past threeyears the MBLWHOI Library has moved to primarily deliveringinformation and services on-line because the content, stability, andaccessibility of these resources have improved vastly since the earlydays of electronic publishing. Most of our journals’ subscriptionsare now purchased in digital format, as our usage statistics confirmthat this is the preferred method of gathering information by theWoods Hole scientific community.We also study our monograph/book collection usage, and notethat the acquisition of books and monographs has fallen belowthe 400 volumes per year level over the past 5 years. The use of themonographs averages 400-500 transactions per month; mainly thenewer acquisitions circulate (monographs 20 years or older havea less than 30% chance of circulating.) What was a trend a fewyears back has developed into the stark reality that the electroniclibrary is expanding. More room is needed for the delivery ofthese “e-resources” and new space is being created and designedfor this growth. At the same time, new space is being provided atthe Library Service Center in Falmouth Technology Park for thepreservation of those print materials that are no longer in highdemand. The price we pay for the convenience and meeting thestandards of digital dissemination of information requires moresupport services, more staff training, current hardware, software,high speed services, and additional network bandwidth. Theformer purchase/catalog/shelve print book/journal workflow modelhas evolved into what follows in the chart at right.User FeedbackUsage StatsDowntime AnalysisReview ProblemsProblem LogHardware NeedsSoftware NeedsEvaluate/MonitorLicense TermsPriceAssess Need/BudgetContact InfoTroubleshoot/TriageThe E-journal Life CycleProvideSupportTrial UseAcquireMBLWHOILibraryE-ServicesEvaluateOrderAdministerPayProvideAccessUser IDsClaimingPreferences (store)Holdings ListsAccess RestrictionsAdmin Module InformationView Rights For UseIP AddressRegisterProxy SupportCatalogPortals/Access ListsAuthenticationURL MaintenanceLibraryResearchers,continueddeToledo-Morrell, Leyla, Rush UniversityDevlin, Leah, Penn State UniversityDodge, Frederick, SUNY Upstate Medical UniversityDube, Kristen, New England AquariumDuncan, Thomas K., Nichols CollegeEdds-Walton, Peggy, Parmly Hearing Institute, Loyola University ChicagoEdmunds, Deana, New England AquariumEpstein, Herman T., Brandeis UniversityEsch, Jennifer J.Estabrooks, Steve, Maria Mitchell AssociationEstrella, Bruce, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesFarrington, Marianne, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchFields, Richard, National Institutes of HealthFinkelstein, Alan, Albert Einstein College of MedicineFranzini-Armstrong, Clara, University of PennsylvaniaFrenkel, Krystyna, NYU School of MedicineGalatzer-Levy, Robert, University of ChicagoGerman, James, Cornell UniversityGifford, Prosser, Library of CongressGiray, Cem, Micro Technologies, Inc.Goetz, Frederick, Great Lakes WATER InstituteGoldstein, Moise, The Johns Hopkins UniversityGrice, Dorothy, Department of PsychiatryGroden, Joanna, University of CincinnatiGrossman, Al, New York University School of MedicineHalvorson, Harlyn O., Woods Hole, MAHamilton, Philip, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchHarel, Moti, Advanced BioNutrition CorporationHaring, Phil, New England Fishery Mgmt. CouncilHarrington, John P., State University of New YorkHerskovits, Theodore, Fordham UniversityHickey, Michael, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesInnis, Charlie, New England AquariumInoue, Sadayuki, McGill UniversityIsenberg, DavidJacobson, Allan S., University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolJanssen, John, Great Lakes WATER InstituteJaquet, Nathalie, Center for Coastal StudiesJaye, Robert, Solomon Schecter Day SchoolJohnston, Daniel, University of Texas at AustinJosephson, Robert, University of CaliforniaKellogg, Chris, New England Fishery Mgmt. CouncilKelly, Robert E, Northwestern UniversityKennedy, Robert S., Maria Mitchell AssociationKeynan, Alexander, Israel Academy of Sciences/HumanitiesKhanna, Rita, Advanced BioNutrition CorporationKing, Kenneth, Woods Hole, MAKing, Mary Y., Columbia UniversityKlaper, Rebecca, Great Lakes WATER InstituteKlein, Donald A., Colorado State UniversityKlump, Val, Great Lakes WATER InstituteKnowlton, Amy, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchKrane, Stephen M., Mass General Hospital-EastKraus, Scott, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchKyle, David, Advanced BioNutrition CorporationLaderman, Aimlee, Yale University School of Forestry & Environmental StudiesLandowne, David, University of MiamiLee, John, City College of CUNYLipper, Evelyn G., New York Presbyterian HospitalLuckenbill-Edds, Louise, Parmly Hearing Institute, Loyola University ChicagoMandel, Maria A., University of ArizonaMarkham, Michael, Florida International UniversityMayo, Charles, Center for Coastal StudiesMcLellan, Sandra, Great Lakes WATER Institute

mblwhoi library 79Of the 30 steps identified in the chart, 24 are new to the e-journalenvironment (indicated by red borders).The library continues to suffer from annual steep journal priceincreases, and this year lost access to more than 150 journal titles.The good news is that libraries are now able to manage theircollections better through data mining of collection statistics on whatour scientists actually use.The digital world has also given rise to home-grown innovations likeour uBio project. uBio has gained international acceptance becauseof tools that are freely accessible for all to use, like new RSS feeds(http://names.ubio.org/rss) that enable one to configure a personaldaily news alert in biology. This new resource (of over 6 millionbiological names) is now woven into the library’s electronic deliveryof services. Also in progress is a collaboration with the SmithsonianInstitution, using uBio parsing tools to seek out biological nameswithin the digitized text of older print works. Other major initiativesthis year were the library archive exhibit, Ernst Haeckel: Art Forms inNature, and the archives’ support of the 75 th anniversary of the WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution.PublicationPatel, VL; Branch, T; Cimino,A; Norton, C; Cimino, JJ. 2005.Participant perceptions of theinfluences of the NLM-sponsoredWoods Hole Medical InformaticsCourse. J. Am. Med. InformaticsAssoc. 12: 256-262.The MBLWHOI Library continues to develop new ways of deliveringinformation, with all the tools and initiatives aimed at improvingelectronic resource management and delivery of scientificinformation to the scientific community in Woods Hole.— Catherine N. NortonMendelsohn, Michael E., Molecular Cardiology Research InstituteMerigo, Connie, New England AquariumMilkman, Roger, University of IowaMiller, Andra E., National Institutes of HealthMitchell, Ralph, Harvard UniversityMizell, Merle, Tulane UniversityMoore, Gregg E., Center for Coastal StudiesMooseker, Mark S., Yale UniversityMoth-Poulsen, Thomas, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesNagel, Ronald, Albert Einstein College of MedicineNarahashi, Toshio, Northwestern University Medical SchoolNaugle, John E., National Aeronautics & Space AdministrationNelson, Gary, Annisquam River Marine Fisheries StationNichols, Owen, Center for Coastal StudiesNies, Tom, New England Fishery Management CouncilOlins, Ada L., Bowdoin CollegeOlins, Donald, Bowdoin CollegePappas, George D., University of IllinoisPol, Michael, Massachusetts Division of Marine FisheriesPrendergast, Robert, Falmouth, MARabinowitz, Michael B., Harvard Medical SchoolReinisch, Carol, MBLRise, Matt, Great Lakes WATER InstituteRobbins, Jooke, Center for Coastal StudiesRolland, Rosalind, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchRotenberg, Susan A., Queens College CUNYRudin, Robert, Maria Mitchell SocietyRussell, James, National Institutes of HealthSalmon, Ted, University of North CarolinaSchippers, Jay M.Schwartz, James O., Fred Karush Endowed Library ReadershipSegal, Sheldon, MBLShepro, David, Boston UniversitySherman, Irwin W., University of CaliforniaShimomura, Osamu, Falmouth, MAShumway, Caroly, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchSiwicki, Kathleen, Swarthmore CollegeSpector, Abraham, Columbia UniversitySpotte, Stephen, Mote Marine LabSteele, Lori, New England Fishery Mgmt. CouncilStracher, Alfred, State University of New York, Downstate Medical CenterStrickler, Rudi, Great Lakes WATER InstituteStuart, Ann E., University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSullivan, Gerald J., Savio Prep High SchoolSweet, Frederick, Washington University School of MedicineTashiro, Jay, Wolfsong InformaticsTaylor, Richard R.Tlusty, Michael, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchTomasiewicz, Henry, Great Lakes WATER InstituteTweedell, Kenyon S., University of Notre DameTykocinski, Mark L., University of PennsylvaniaTytell, Michael, Wake Forest University School of MedicineUdvadia, Ava, Great Lakes WATER InstituteValentine, Deirdre, New England Fishery Management CouncilVan Holde, Kensal E., Oregon State UniversityWaples, James T., Great Lakes WATER InstituteWard, Christopher, University of Maryland BaltimoreWarren, Leonard, University of Pennsylvania Medical SchoolWeber, Scott, New England AquariumWeissmann, Gerald, New York University School of MedicineWerner, Tim, New England Aquarium Right Whale ResearchYamada, Atsuko, Hokkaido UniversityYevick, George J., Stevens Institute of TechnologyYevick, Miriam

80 financialsfinancialsreport of the treasurerIn spite of tightening federal budgets, increasing utility and fringe benefit costs, and softeningfinancial markets, the MBL’s financial outlook was generally positive in 2005. The MBL was ableto keep growth in expenses well under control, enhance revenues in certain areas, and continuefunding improvements to its physical plant.Balance SheetThe MBL’s Total Assets grew slightly this past year. The Endowment and Similar long-termInvestments increased modestly thanks to a 5.6% investment return, which exceeded the S&P 500return. This was mostly offset by earnings used for operations. Even so, we were able to continueour investment in the physical wealth of the Laboratory as demonstrated by the increase in Plantand Equipment. Last year we invested more than $2.7 million in facility improvements. Thisnet increase was reduced, however, by a depreciation accrual of approximately $2.3 million.On the liability side, we finished the year with $2.5 million outstanding on our line of credit.We did so because we pre-funded some of the capital improvements we will be covering witha new bond issue that closed on April 26, 2006. This $34 million bond issue will be used torefinance our existing debt at a lower 30-year fixed interest rate (3.31%). It will also be usedto help fund some of the major renovations and improvements outlined in our April 2004Campus Master Plan. Finally, although our Net Assets (Equity) declined slightly in 2005, we areencouraged by the $1.3 million increase in our Permanently Restricted (endowment) funds.Operating HistoryTotal Operating Support was basically flat this year. We experienced our first decline in Fundingfrom Government Grants since 1995; fortunately, it was only a modest 0.9%. This reflects theimpact of declining support for research at the federal level.Contributions also declined 12% from an exceptional year in 2004. Some of this decline can beattributed to the timing and receipt of written pledges and payments, and to a few major, onetime-onlygifts received in the previous year.As shown in the Sources pie chart, resident research continues to represent approximately halfof the MBL’s funding. Our two other core activities—visiting research and education—representapproximately a quarter of MBL’s revenues.

financials 81Expenses were very tightly controlled in 2005. Total Expenses increased only 1.3% over 2004,half the rate experienced in the two previous years. Research and Conference expenses declinedslightly while expenses for Instruction grew 8.6% this past year. As a result, steps are being takenin 2006 to better monitor and manage expenditures by MBL courses.A closer look at the Expense components summarized in the Uses pie-chart shows double-digitincreases in fringe benefits (10.8%) and utilities (21.4%). These increases offset single-digitincreases in most of the other expense components. As a result, even with concerted efforts tocontrol expenses, the MBL experienced a negative $1.6 million Change in Net Assets before nonoperatingactivities.The good news is hidden in these abbreviated financials: the MBL experienced its lowestoperating loss in this decade. On an Unrestricted funds-only basis, the MBL cut the decline inthe Change in Net Assets before Non-Operating activity from 2004 in half. We also saw a 19%improvement over the past year in net revenues from housing and conference activities.Non-Operating ActivitiesWhile the MBL had more than $2.6 million in Investment Income and Earnings this past year,it represents less than half of what we experienced in 2004. While management anticipatedsofter market returns and therefore reduced the spending rate from the Long Term Investmentportfolio from 6% to 5.5%, the Reinvested Investment Earnings were insufficient to generate apositive Change in Net Assets. While disappointing, the resulting decline of $913 thousand inTotal Net Assets represents only a -1.2% return on average Net Assets in 2005.ConclusionThe MBL made good progress this past year on reducing our underlying operating losses. Wecontinue to pursue ways to enhance our Operating Support by expanding our developmentefforts, building our resident research programs, and enhancing our revenues from housing andconference activities. These efforts will pay off over time, eventually balancing our operations,enabling us to continue to implement the MBL’s Strategic Plan, and ultimately realizing healthygrowth in the institution.—Mary B. Conrad37% Sources of $35.5 Million inOperating SupportUses of $37.1 Millionin Expenses12% 48% 10% 10% 13% 6% 3% 3%2%1%9%9%6%11% 5%2%4%9%

82 financialsOperating History and Balance Sheetas of December 31, 2005 and 2004Balance Sheet (in Thousands) 2005 2004ASSETS:Cash and Short-Term Investments $373 $3,345Pledges and Other Receivables 10,390 9,381Assets Held by Bond Trustee 0 6Other Assets 978 704Endowment and Similar Investments 52,167 50,957Property and Equipment, net 37,705 36,902TOTAL ASSETS 101,613 101,295LIABILITIES:Accounts Payable 3,275 4,183Line of Credit 2,500Annuities and Unitrusts Payable 599 592Deferred Revenue and Other Liabilities 2,811 3,178Long-Term Debt 15,200 15,200Total Liabilities 24,385 23,153The financial statements of theMarine Biological Laboratory forthe fiscal year endingDecember 31, 2005,were audited by KPMG.Complete financial statements areavailable upon request from:Homer LaneChief Financial OfficerMBL7 MBL StreetWoods Hole, MA 02543The Operating and Balance Sheetnumbers shown here are unaudited.NET ASSETS:Unrestricted 19,619 19,628Temporarily Restricted 28,942 31,171Permanently Restricted 28,667 27,343Total Net Assets: 77,228 78,142TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET ASSETS $101,613 $101,295OPERATING HISTORY (In Thousands)OPERATING SUPPORTGovernment Grants $17,478 $17,629Private Contracts 1,187 1,265Laboratory Rental and Net Tuition 2,410 2,238Fees for Conferences and Services 5,087 5,225Contributions 6,067 6,897Investment and Other Revenue 3,281 2,526Total Operating Support 35,510 35,780EXPENSES:Research 24,240 24,510Instruction 7,052 6,496Conferences and Services 2,079 2,129Other Programs 3,783 3,555Total Expenses 37,154 36,690CHANGES IN NET ASSETS BEFORE NONOPERATING ACTIVITY: (1,644) (910)Non-Operating Activities:Contributions to Plant and Other Expenses, Net 201 (31)Total Investment Income and Earnings 2,651 5,716Less Investment Earnings Used for Operations (2,121) (1,999)Reinvested Investment Earnings 530 3,717TOTAL CHANGE IN NET ASSETS: ($913) $2,776

gifts 83giftsreport of the development committeeIn light of recent trends in federal research funding, it is clear that support from privatesources is more critical than ever to the ongoing success of the MBL. In real terms,funding available for biomedical research from the National Institutes of Health hasgone down, and estimates are that just one in five grant applications will be funded in2006 and 2007 compared to one out of three in 2001. Moreover, though the NationalScience Foundation will see increased funding in 2007, most of it will be directedto applied research in the physical sciences. 1 The MBL is continuing to develop itsfundraising ability to counter these shifts, and we are pleased to report on our effortsduring the past year.In 2005 the MBL raised $6,209,312 including $1,416,989 from our board members forthe renovation of the Whitman building. This brings the total raised from our trusteesfor this project to $4.2 million. Special thanks to Martin Gruss, William Huyett, GeorgeLogan, John Rowe, and Al Zeien for their generous leadership gifts in 2005. Constructionon the building is scheduled to begin in the fall of 2006.The Education Program received substantial support from the Burroughs Wellcome Fundfor the Molecular Mycology and Physiology courses, and from the Andrew W. MellonFoundation for the Semester in Environmental Science program for undergraduates.Both these foundations know the MBL well and we are grateful for their continuedrecognition of the value of our outstanding science curriculum.We were also pleased to receive a three-year renewal of support for the Albert andEllen Grass Faculty Grant Program from the Grass Foundation and a gift for a fullyendowed fellowship from long-time Corporation Member Dr. Eugene Bell and his wifeDr. Millicent Bell. These gifts are of great importance as we continue to strengthen theWhitman Investigators research program.

84 giftsWe are grateful as well to the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, which has long recognizedthe institutional and scientific worth of our resident research programs and whichrenewed its funding in 2005. In addition, former trustee and MBL alumnus, Dr. Porter W.Anderson, created a new Director’s Development Fund to assist with recruitment effortsand to help the MBL further develop resident research at the MBL.As always, annual unrestricted giving played a crucial role in the financial health of theLaboratory in 2005. The Annual and Alumni Funds brought in $636,417 of the $801,824total operating funds raised, and we congratulate Annual Fund Chairman Tom Pollardand President John Dowling for increasing gifts from alumni and corporation members,respectively. A new Anniversary Giving program for alumni was successful at increasingboth average gift size and the number of new donors. The cumulative effect of thisprogram going forward should yield a strong base of alumni support.Nearly 200 donors took advantage of opportunities tohonor influential and respected MBL scientists by creatingnew endowed funds. The John Cebra Lectureship inPhysiology was celebrated at a reception on campus thatDr. Cebra himself, a former Physiology course director, wasable to attend. He passed away in October 2005. In honorof Dr. John Hobbie, who will step down as co-directorof the MBL Ecosystems Center in 2006, more than 150people, including MBL staff, raised more than $400,000toward the half-million dollar John E. Hobbie Fund forScience, responding to a challenge grant from the ClowesFund.In addition to growing our Annual and Alumni funds,our fundraising focus in 2006 will be responding toand completing challenge grants including the GoldenChallenge for the MBL’s Science Journalism Program andthe Hobbie Fund. In addition, an anonymous donor hasmade a $1 million gift to Brown University in supportof the Brown-MBL Graduate Program in Biological andEnvironmental Science. That donor has challenged ourBoard to raise an additional $1 million towards building a$20 million endowment for this important program.These efforts will be enhanced with the addition of a newstaff member, Patrick Schaefer, who comes to us fromBentley College and, previously, the Whitehead Institute.As Assistant Director of Major Gifts, Patrick will develop aCorporate Partners Program as well as focus on individual giving.To our generous donors whose names appear on the following pages, and to those whowish to remain anonymous, we extend our sincerest thanks on behalf of the Board ofTrustees and all those who were able to follow their scientific muse at the MBL in 2005.—M Howard Jacobson and William I. Huyett, Co-chairs1Cunningham, A. “Changing Priorities: Bush initiative shifts science-budget funds.” Science News 169(6): 86.

gifts 85major giftsWe gratefully acknowledge the important support providedby the following foundations and individuals for our researchand educational programs.HighlightsThe Grass Foundation awarded a grant of $450,000for the Neuroscience Institute’s Albert and EllenGrass Faculty Grant Program for 2006-2008. Agrant of $45,000 was awarded to support the NeuralDevelopment and Genetics of Zebrafish course for2006-2008. The Foundation also awarded a grant of$50,000 to support the purchase of basic equipmentto be used in the Grass Laboratory during the summerprogram.Audrey and Martin Gruss made a commitment of$500,000 to the Whitman Building renovation andcontributed $10,000 to the MBL Annual Fund.George W. Logan made a commitment of $500,000 tothe Whitman Building renovation and contributed$10,000 to the MBL Annual Fund.John and Valerie Rowe made a commitment of$500,000 to the Whitman Building renovation andcontributed $10,000 to the MBL Annual Fund.Burroughs Wellcome Fund awarded a grant of $207,000for the continued support of the Molecular Mycology:Current Approaches to Fungal Pathogenesis course for2006-2008. They also awarded a grant of $240,000to support a new interdisciplinary physiology coursedirected by Ron Vale and Tim Mitchison. Another$4,500 was granted to support the MBL Trager Lecturesin tribute to renowned parasitologist and MBL summerscientist, Dr. William Trager, and $800 to support aseminar in the Global Infectious Disease Program.Drs. Millicent and Eugene Bell contributed $401,640to establish the Eugene and Millicent Bell Fellowshipin Tissue Engineering at the MBL. This fund willsupport selected graduate students and/or postdoctoralfellows pursuing research linked to the field of TissueEngineering.The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation awarded a grant of$400,000 for the Semester in Environmental Science,an intensive 15-week program in aquatic and terrestrialecology for undergraduate students.The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation renewed its grant of$350,000 in support of the Josephine Bay Paul Centerfor Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution;for the Marine Resources program to develop marinemodels for biomedical research; and to supportveterinary services at the MBL.Dr. Porter W. Anderson, Jr. contributed $264,878 to theDirector’s Development Fund for direct support toenrich of the year-round research program at the MBL.Alfred and Joyce Zeien made a commitment of $250,000to the Whitman Building renovation.William and Lauren Huyett made a commitment of$200,000 to the Whitman Building renovation andcontributed $10,000 to the MBL Annual Fund.The Bay and Paul Foundations awarded a two-year grantin the amount of $200,000 to support investigatorsin the Josephine Bay Paul Center for ComparativeMolecular Biology and Evolution.The Clowes Fund, Inc. awarded a $200,000 challengegrant to endow The John E. Hobbie Fund for Science inThe Ecosystems Center.William Randolph Hearst Foundation awarded a grantof $200,000 to increase the William Randolph HearstEndowment for the Educational Program.The Arthur Vining Davis Foundations awarded a grantof $150,000 to the endowment for the Semester inEnvironmental Science program.

86 giftsRestricted gifts(up to $9,999)Restricted gifts($10,000 to $99,999)Bauer Center for Genomics ResearchMrs. Gloria S. BorgeseDr. Frank M. and Mrs. Julia ChildCoy Laboratory Products Inc.Epicentre BiotechnologiesThe Eppley Foundation for Research, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. William I. HuyettMr. and Mrs. M Howard JacobsonThe Pfizer FoundationMrs. Robert W. PierceDr. Robert A. PrendergastSociety for Developmental Biology, Inc.Dr. and Mrs. Gerald WeissmannAnonymous (2)Dr. Fred AlsupAmerican Society for Reproductive MedicineAquatic Eco-Systems, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Bryan ArlingMs. Susan M. BarnesDr. and Mrs. Thomas L. BenjaminMr. Peter M. BuckMr. and Mrs. William ButmanMr. and Mrs. Malcolm CampbellMs. Louise K. CharkoudianDr. Carolyn CohenMr. David S. CohenThe Company of Biologists LimitedMrs. Neal CornellMs. Elisabeth P. EldridgeMs. Kathy EngelhartDr. and Mrs. A. Verdi FarmanfarmaianMr. and Mrs. John P. FowlerMs. Anne FreemanMrs. Harold GinsbergMr. and Mrs. Philip GockeMr. and Mrs. Donald E. GrahamDr. Robert R. HaubrichMr. and Mrs. Richard HicksMs. Lauren KaminerMr. and Mrs. James KorthMr. and Mrs. Mike KramerDrs. Andrew Kropinski and Peggy PritchardDr. Ming-Zong LaiDrs. Laurie J. Landeau and Robert J. MazeDr. and Mrs. Leonard LasterDr. and Mrs. John E. LismanDrs. Birgit and Werner LoewensteinDr. Gail and Mr. Holman MasseyMerck Research LaboratoriesDrs. Matthew Meselson and Jeanne Guillemin-MeselsonMr. and Mrs. Lewis NassikasDr. and Mrs. George D. PappasMs. Judith PinnolisDr. Robert V. RiceDr. Stella M. RobertsonDr. and Mrs. Edward D. SalmonMr. Donald SchallMr. and Mrs. John SheaDr. and Mrs. Arthur M. SilversteinDr. Abraham Spector and Ms. Marguerite FilsonDr. and Mrs. Norman L. StockbridgeDrs. Maurice and Raquel SussmanTechnical Video, Ltd.Mr. and Mrs. Thomas TierneyProf. and Mrs. Michael TytellUnited States Geological SurveyDr. and Mrs. Leonard WarrenDr. Mark J. WestDr. Dyann and Mr. Peter WirthWorld Health Organization

gifts 87annual givingIn 2005 MBL Annual Giving Programs included the Annual Fund, the Alumni Fund and the MBL Associates Fund. Annual Fund giftsarefacilities. Alumni Fund gifts were used specifically to support MBL courses. Gifts from MBL Associates, in the form of dues, sponsoredinformative scientific and cultural events for their members and for the community. Annual Giving is an essential component of theMBL’s financial structure, serving to bridge the gap between income from grants and fees and the actual costs of operating ourscientific and educational programs. Please note: In 2006, we will unite MBL Annual Fund donors and the MBL Associates intoa Associates to a larger group of supporters.Annual FundThe Whitman SocietyDIRECTOR’S CIRCLE($10,000 or more)Dr. Porter W. Anderson, Jr.Bruce Anthony BealMr. and Mrs. Jonathan ConradMr. and Mrs. William C. Cox, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Martin GrussMr. and Mrs. William I. HuyettRhoda and Kurt IsselbacherDrs. Evelyn Lipper and William SpeckMr. and Mrs. George W. LoganMrs. Robert W. PierceMr. and Mrs. Charles M. RosenthalDr. and Mrs. John W. RoweMr. Vin Ryan and Ms. Carla MeyerMrs. Jacqueline N. SimpkinsDr. and Mrs. Gerald WeissmannMr. and Mrs. Christopher M. WeldBENEFACTOR($5,000 - $9,999)Diane and Norman BernsteinFrank and Mardi BowlesMr. and Mrs. Richard B. DeWolfeJudith and John DowlingMr. William T. GoldenDavid Baltimore and Alice S. HuangDrs. Laurie J. Landeau and Robert J. MazeMrs. Nancy Norman LassalleThe Jeffrey Pierce FamilyRobert A. PrendergastMr. Sidney J. Weinberg, Jr.Dr. Alice S. Whittemore and Dr. Joseph B. KellerPATRON($2,500 - $4,999)Hope and Mel BarkanDr. and Mrs. William H. BeersThe Bronner Charitable FoundationProf. and Mrs. James F. CaseMs. Bernice Cramer and Mr. Paul FriedmanRebeckah DuBois GlazebrookArthur B. Pardee and Ann B. GoodmanMr. and Mrs. Robert GottesmanDr. and Mrs. Shinya InouéFrances and Howard JacobsonDr. and Mrs. Stephen M. KraneAnna Logan LawsonMr. Michael T. MartinThe Honorable and Mrs. G. William MillerGinny and Pete NicholasRonald P. O’HanleyMr. and Mrs. Robert W. Pierce, Jr.Carol and Joseph T. Stewart, Jr.Gerard and Mary SwopeTom and Karen TierneyElaine and Walter TrollMrs. Annette L. WilliamsonMatthew Winkler

88 giftsMEMBER($1,000 - $2,499)Edward and Marion AdelbergDr. Louise AdlerDr. Garland E. AllenMr. and Mrs. Douglas F. AllisonDr. Alison and Mr. Robert AmentDr. and Mrs. Samuel C. ArmstrongPeter and Margaret ArmstrongMr. and Mrs. Garfield ArthurJean and Bob AshtonMr. and Mrs. Julian AvRutickMr. and Mrs. David BakalarDrs. Robert and Harriet BakerDr. and Mrs. Robert B. BarlowDrs. Eugene and Millicent BellMr. and Mrs. George BerkowitzMrs. Beth BerneMr. and Mrs. Joshua B. BernsteinDr. Gary G. BorisyElisabeth M. BuckDrs. Gail D. Burd and John G. HildebrandDr. Max M. BurgerRick and Nonnie Burnes, Butler’s Hole FundDrs. Katherine and William CalvinDr. R. Andrew CameronMr. and Mrs. Malcolm CampbellDr. Graciela C. CandelasFrank and Julie ChildDrs. Joseph F. Hoffman and Elena CitkowitzDr. Eloise E. ClarkMr. and Mrs. James M. ClarkDrs. Alexander W. Clowes and Susan E. DetweilerDr. Mary ClutterDr. Jewel Plummer CobbDr. Llewellya Hillis and Dr. Paul ColinvauxDr. Laura Hunter ColwinMolly N. CornellMr. Scott Costa, The Bufftree FoundationJoseph T. Coyle, M.D.Thomas and Geraldine CraneDr. and Mrs. Stephen D. CrockerMr. Michael J. CroninMrs. Sally CrossDr. and Mrs. Anthony J. CutaiaMr. Fred Daniels, IIJanet B. DanielsDr. Eric H. DavidsonDrs. Paul and Mia De WeerMr. and Mrs. George P. Edmonds, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Hans A. EgeDrs. Herman N. Eisen and Natalie AronsonDr. A. Verdi FarmanfarmaianMs. Linda Sallop and Mr. Michael FenlonMrs. Martha S. FergusonDrs. Christine Field and Timothy MitchisonDr. and Mrs. Mark FishmanMr. and Mrs. Harold E. Foreman, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. George FriedmanDrs. Bruce and Barbara C. FurieDavid and Patricia GadsbyMr. and Mrs. Charles M. Ganson, Jr.Ms. Sallie A. GiffenMrs. Harold GinsbergDr. Robert and Mrs. Anne GoldmanDrs. Timothy and Mary Helen GoldsmithDr. and Mrs. Möise H. Goldstein, Jr.Susan and Tom GouxPhilip GrantDr. Michael J. and Mrs. Rebecca H. GreenbergDr. Mary Dalton GreerMr. and Mrs. William H. Greer, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Thomas C. GreggPaul R. and Mona GrossMrs. Lawrence GrossmanStephen L. and Ann Steadman HajdukDr. and Mrs. Harlyn O. HalvorsonDr. Susan M. HardingMs. Penelope HareDr. and Mrs. Robert HaselkornWoody and Hanna HastingsDr. Robert R. HaubrichSynnova HayesDr. Diane E. HeckDoris and Howard HiattMr. and Mrs. David HibbittMr. Timothy T. HiltonGregory J. and Pamela Clapp HinkleJohn and Olivann HobbieMr. and Mrs. Lon HockerMrs. Carmela J. HuettnerTim HuntDr. and Mrs. Hugh E. HuxleyMr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Hynes, Jr.Mary D. JanneyDiane and Robert JayeDr. William R. Jeffery

gifts 89Ms. Barbara W. JonesMrs. Freda KaminerDr. and Mrs. Morris John KarnovskyDr. Darcy B. KelleyStasia and Tom KellyDr. and Mrs. Alexander KeynanAlice and Sidney KnowlesSir Hans and Lady KornbergAimlee and Ezra LadermanMary Cronan and Homer W. Lane, Jr.The Honorable and Mrs. John S. LangfordCatherine C. Lastavica, M.D.Dr. and Mrs. Leonard LasterDr. Hans LauferMr. Joel A. LeavittAaron and Millie LernerDr. and Mrs. Anthony LiuzziBirgit Rose and Werner R. LoewensteinLaszlo and Joyce LorandMr. and Mrs. William K. MackeyWalter and Shirley MasseyLuigi Mastroianni, M.D. andElaine Pierson-Mastroianni, M.D., Ph.D.Mr. and Mrs. Robert MastroianniDr. and Mrs. Robert T. McCluskeyMr. and Mrs. Michael MeehanMr. and Mrs. Richard P. MellonDrs. Matthew Meselson andJeanne Guillemin-MeselsonRichard and Phyllis MeyersMr. Gerrish H. MillikenRalph and Muriel MitchellDr. and Mrs. Merle MizellDr. Ronald B. (Rob) Moir, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Ambrose K. MonellDrs. Ann E. Stuart and John W. MooreDr. Leyla de Toledo-MorrellDr. and Mrs. Ken-ichi NakaProfessor and Mrs. Toshio NarahashiJonathan O’HerronDr. and Mrs. R. Dana OnoDr. and Mrs. George D. PappasDrs. Thoru and Judith PedersonMrs. Nancy PendletonBertha and Philip PersonMr. and Mrs. Frederick H. PierceTom and Patty PollardDr. Robert M. Greenberg and Ms. Carol PooserDrs. Frank and Billie PressMr. and Mrs. John S. PriceMr. and Mrs. Charles ProcknowMr. Irving W. RabbDr. and Mrs. Michael B. RabinowitzMr. and Mrs. Peter W. RenaghanMr. and Mrs. Richard H. RhoadsDr. and Mrs. Harris RippsDr. Marius A. RobinsonDr. and Mrs. Jack RosenbluthAllan and Clare RosenfieldMr. and Mrs. James RossMr. and Mrs. Edward S. RowlandMr. Andrew E. SabinDr. and Mrs. Edward D. SalmonMr. and Mrs. Walter J. SalmonDr. and Mrs. Hidemi SatoMrs. Howard A. SchneidermanMr. Scott SchulteHarriet and Sheldon SegalDr. Cecily Cannan SelbyDr. and Mrs. Douglas R. ShanklinMarilyn and David SheprowMr. and Mrs. Stephen A. SimonDrs. Mitchell Sogin and Laurel MillerDrs. Melvin and Evelyn SpiegelMrs. Corinne SteelDr. and Mrs. Malcolm S. SteinbergMr. and Mrs. James M. StewartDrs. Dorothy and Alfred StracherJohn and Marjory SwopeAndrew and Ursula Szent-GyörgyiMr. and Mrs. Samuel ThorneMr. and Mrs. Edward TsoiDrs. Walter Vincent and Doré ButlerDr. and Mrs. Byron H. WaksmanLeonard and Eve WarrenDr. Clare M. Waterman-StorerMr. and Mrs. John WeyandDrs. Judith and John Willis

90 giftsJohn E. Hobbie Fund for ScienceThe John E. Hobbie Fund for Science wasestablished in commemoration of John’s longand influential career as co-director ofThe Ecosystems Center.Dr. John AberDr. Goran AgrenDr. Alison and Mr. Robert AmentDr. Farooq AzamMs. Mary BeckwithDr. and Mrs. William H. BeersDr. and Mrs. Francis P. BowlesMr. and Mrs. Albert BradleyDr. Kenneth H. BrinkDr. Elizabeth H. BurrowsMr. and Mrs. Bruce E. BuxtonDr. Karen BuzbyDrs. Stephen and Susan CarpenterDr. Sallie ChisholmMs. Tucker ClarkDrs. Alexander W. Clowes and Susan E.DetweilerThe Clowes FundMrs. George H. A. ClowesDrs. Bruce and Teresa CorlissMr. and Mrs. Richard D. CutlerDrs. Linda Deegan and Christopher NeillDr. Michael F. DolanDr. David D. DowDr. and Mrs. David EpelDr. Benjamin FelzerDrs. Kenneth Foreman and Anne GiblinDr. Brian D. FryDr. Heidi E. GoldenMr. Robert GolderDr. Charles R. GoldmanMr. and Mrs. Thomas GouxMs. Adrian GreenDr. and Mrs. Thomas C. GreggDrs. Llewellya Hillis and Paul ColinvauxGregory J. and Pamela Clapp HinkleDr. Larry HinzmanDr. and Mrs. Erik HobbieDr. and Mrs. John E. HobbieDr. and Mrs. Lawrence HobbieDr. Eileen E. HofmannMs. Kelly R. HolzworthDr. and Mrs. Charles S. Hopkinson, Jr.Drs. Robert Howarth and Roxanne MarinoMr. Robert F. IllgenMs. A.K. JohnsonThe Robert Wood Johnson FoundationDr. David M. KarlMr. Samuel W. KelseyMr. David KicklighterDr. Keisuke KobaMary and Homer LaneMr. James Laundre and Ms. Bonnie KwiatkowskiDr. Ann L. LezbergDr. Gene E. LikensDr. W. Berry LyonsDr. Sally MacIntyreDr. A. David McGuireDr. and Mrs. Jerry M. MelilloDrs. Aaron Mills and Linda BlumDr. Mary Ann MoranDrs. Knute Nadelhoffer and Barbara BillingsDr. Scott W. NixonMs. Catherine N. NortonDr. and Mrs. John O’BrienDr. and Mrs. John B. PearceMr. and Mrs. John W. PehleDr. Debra PetersDr. Bruce J. PetersonDr. Lawrence PomeroyMs. Carol PooserDr. Edna PresslerDrs. James Raich and Ann RussellDr. Edward B. RastetterMs. Kathleen Regan and Mr. Jeffrey LeshinDrs. Mike Ryan and Linda JoyceMr. and Mrs. John F. ScanlonDr. Joshua SchimelDrs. Thomas and Susan SchmidtMr. and Mrs. Gary SchwarzmanDr. and Mrs. Gaius R. ShaverMs. Kathleen Lake ShawDr. Charles SimenstadDrs. William T. Speck and Evelyn LipperDr. and Mrs. John H. SteeleMr. and Mrs. Paul A. SteudlerMs. Jane TuckerMr. and Mrs. Kevin UhlingerDr. Joseph VallinoDr. Charles VorosmartyDr. Yuriko YanoDr. Linda and Mr. Erik ZettlerDr. Qianlai ZhuangOther Annual Fund GiftsThe 1888 Club($500-$999)Anonymous (1)Mr. and Mrs. Michael AngeliniMr. and Mrs. Joshua B. BernsteinMr. and Mrs. Robert O. BigelowMr. and Mrs. Darryl A. BuckinghamMr. and Mrs. D. Bret CarlsonDr. Carolyn CohenDr. Charles Crane and Ms. Wendy BreuerMrs. Elizabeth DaignaultDrs. Robert and Ellen DeGroofMrs. Christopher DillmannMrs. Ariana FairbanksDr. and Mrs. Richard R. FayDr. Rachel D. FinkMrs. Ruth E. FyeDr. Joseph Gall and Ms. Diane DwyerDr. and Mrs. Prosser GiffordDr. Paul K. GoldsmithDr. and Mrs. John P. HarringtonMr. William A. HaskinsMr. John P. KendallDr. and Mrs. Edward A. KravitzMr. and Mrs. Robert P. LambrechtDr. and Mrs. Laszlo LorandDr. and Mrs. Robert E. MainerDr. Edwin McCleskeyDr. and Mrs. Daniel G. MillerMs. Mary Musacchia and Dr. James FaberDr. Peter A. NickersonMrs. Kay PechilisMr. and Mrs. Frederick S. PetersMrs. William A. Putnam, IIIDr. and Mrs. Allan RosenfieldDr. Uldis RozeDrs. Maurice and Raquel SussmanMr. and Mrs. John J. ValoisDr. Earl Weidner

gifts 91The Sponsors Club($250-$499)Drs. James and Helene AndersonMr. and Mrs. Donald R. AukampDr. and Mrs. Elkan R. BloutMr. Robert T. BowmanMr. and Mrs. John L. Callahan, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. John O. CorlissMr. and Mrs. Gorham L. CrossDr. and Mrs. Louis E. DeLanneyMr. and Mrs. Magruder DentDr. Wolf-Dietrich DettbarnMr. and Mrs. David FauschDrs. Elizabeth Fowler and James ParmentierDr. and Mrs. Harold GainerDrs. Alfred and Joan GoldbergMrs. Mary L. GoldmanDr. Glenn W. HarringtonDr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Hedges, Jr.Dr. Jon W. JackletDr. David L. KleinMr. and Mrs. Harry Kohn, Jr.Ms. Ellyn V. KorzunDr. and Mrs. John E. LismanMr. and Mrs. James McSherryDr. Shuya MeguroDr. and Mrs. Harvey B. PollardDr. Ronald J. PrzybylskiMr. and Mrs. George Putnam, IIIDr. Khela RansierDr. and Mrs. Frederick R. RicklesMr. and Mrs. Phillip S. RobertsonMrs. Atholie K. RosettMr. and Mrs. Alan R. SilverDr. Andreas C. StemmerDr. and Mrs. D. Lansing TaylorDr. John Tochko and Mrs. Christina Myles-TochkoDr. and Mrs. David M. TravisDr. and Mrs. Steven N. TreistmanDr. and Mrs. Kenyon S. TweedellDr. Ronald Vale and Ms. Karen DellMr. and Mrs. Richard VerneyMrs. Frances WeiffenbachDr. and Mrs. Clayton WileyMr. and Mrs. Leslie J. WilsonMr. and Mrs. Donn WinnerThe Century Club($100-$499)Anonymous (3)Mr. Thomas H. AalDr. and Mrs. Donald A. AbtDr. Gary AckersDr. and Mrs. James A. AdamsDr. David E. AdelbergMr. and Mrs. David C. AhearnDr. Nina Stromgren AllenDr. Fred AlsupMrs. Kimball C. Atwood, IIIMr. Nathaniel Atwood and Ms. Susan ParkesDr. and Mrs. David S. BabinMr. and Mrs. Harold BarrDrs. Barbara-Anne Battelle and James AlligoodDr. John BeckerleDr. and Mrs. Thomas L. BenjaminMr. George BillingsDr. and Mrs. Stephen H. BishopDr. and Mrs. Dieter BlennemannMr. and Mrs. Thomas C. BoltonMrs. Eleanor Bronson-HodgeDr. and Mrs. John E. BurrisMr. Robert J. CarneyMr. and Mrs. Frank C. CarotenutoFather Joseph D. Cassidy, O.P., Ph.D.Mr. and Mrs. Samuel N. ChaseMr. and Mrs. George CitronDr. and Mrs. Laurence P. CloudDr. and Mrs. R. John CollierMr. and Mrs. Nathaniel S. CoolidgeDr. and Mrs. D. Eugene CopelandDr. and Mrs. Robert A. CowanMr. Ross Cowan

92 giftsMr. and Mrs. J. Sterling CrandallMr. and Mrs. Theron S. Curtis, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Richard D. CutlerDr. and Mrs. Giuseppe D’AlessioDr. and Mrs. Nigel DawMr. Joseph P. DayDr. Martha Bridge DencklaDr. Philip Dunham and Ms. Gudrun BjarnarsonMr. Clifton Eaton and Ms. Nilde DiefenbachMr. and Mrs. Hoyt EckerDr. and Mrs. Kenneth T. EddsDrs. Paul Englund and Christine SchneyerDr. and Mrs. Herman T. EpsteinDr. and Mrs. Thomas EvansDr. Patricia M. FaillaMr. and Mrs. Jerome S. FangerDr. Joseph R. FetchoMrs. Ruth Alice FitzMr. and Mrs. Robert FitzpatrickMs. Bridget FlynnMr. and Mrs. Richard FrankDr. Krystyna FrenkelDr. and Mrs. John J. FunkhouserDr. and Mrs. Mordecai L. GabrielDr. and Mrs. Frank GallagherDr. and Mrs. David GarberMr. Frederic Gardner and Ms. Sherley SmithDr. Stephen E. GellisDr. and Mrs. Martin GibbsMs. Heidi GiffordMrs. Janet F. GilletteMr. and Mrs. Jerry GoldDrs. Maria Gomez and Enrico NasiDr. and Mrs. Herbert GrahamDr. Roger L. GreifDr. and Mrs. Clifford V. Harding, IIIMs. Elizabeth E. HathawayMr. and Mrs. Gary G. HaywardMr. and Mrs. Edmund HazzardDr. and Mrs. Peter K. HeplerDr. Koichi HiwatashiMr. Ken Holden and Ms. Frances McGuireDrs. Robert Howarth and Roxanne MarinoDr. Thomas R. HynesDr. and Mrs. Nicholas A. IngogliaMr. and Mrs. Ernest G. JaworskiDr. and Mrs. Daniel JohnstonDr. Robert K. JosephsonDr. Jane C. Kaltenbach-TownsendMr. and Mrs. Louis M. KerrMr. and Mrs. Gilbert KingDr. Peter Kivy and Ms. Joan PearlmanMr. and Mrs. Paul W. KnaplundMr. Mark KoideDr. Kiyoshi KusanoDr. and Mrs. George M. LangfordDrs. Nechama Lasser-Ross and William RossMr. William Lawrence and Mrs. Barbara BuchananDr. Marian E. LeFevreDr. Ellen K. LeMosyDr. and Mrs. Jack LevinDr. Francoise LevinthalDr. and Mrs. Richard W. LinckDr. Raymond J. LipickyMr. and Mrs. Ted LippoldDr. and Mrs. Irving M. LondonMr. Gerald T. LynchDr. and Mrs. Scott A. MacklerMr. and Mrs. Ronald H. MarcksDr. Andrew C. MarinucciMr. and Mrs. Lowell V. MartinDrs. Matthew McFarlane and Jennifer NadeauMr. and Mrs. John H. McGovernProf. and Mrs. Ian A. MeinertzhagenDr. DeForest Mellon, Jr.Dr. Martin MendelsonDr. and Mrs. Ricardo MilediDrs. David and Virginia MillerDr. Betty C. MooreDrs. Hilary and Archie MorrisonDr. and Mrs. X. J. MusacchiaDrs. Angus Nairn and Marina PicciottoMr. and Mrs. Lewis NassikasDr. and Mrs. John E. NaugleDrs. Margaret Nelson and Ronald HoyMr. and Mrs. David L. NewtonDr. and Mrs. Santo V. NicosiaMr. and Mrs. Tim O’ConnorDr. and Mrs. Rudolf OldenbourgDr. Janice S. OlszowkaDr. and Mrs. Clement E. PapazianDr. Leonard M. PassanoDrs. Angel M. Pastor-Loro and Rosa de la CruzDrs. Helen and David Piwnica-WormsDr. Jeanne S. PoindexterDr. Dale Purves and Ms. Shannon RavenelMs. Katherine Putnam and Mr. Timothy DelaneyDr. and Mrs. James P. QuigleyDr. and Mrs. Robert F. RakowskiMrs. Virginia R. ReynoldsDr. Frederic M. RichardsDr. Hope RitterMs. Jean RobertsDr. and Mrs. Charles Robertson

gifts 93Mr. and Mrs. Dana RodinMr. Randall RoeDr. and Mrs. Lawrence C. RomeDr. Priscilla F. RoslanskyMr. and Mrs. Rudi RottenfusserMr. Patrick SchaeferDr. Herbert SchuelDr. Lawrence Schwartz and Ms. Carol BigelowMs. Kathleen Lake ShawDrs. Roy Silverstein and JacquelynJoseph-SilversteinDr. Maxine F. SingerDr. and Mrs. Roger D. SlobodaMr. and Mrs. Paul F. SmithDrs. Roxanna and Ronald SmolowitzMr. David Space and Ms. Linda JarvisDr. Robert E. SteeleDr. Dusan StefoskiDr. Elijah Stommel and Ms. Jasmin BihlerDrs. Albert Stunkard and Margaret MaurinDr. David T. SullivanMr. and Mrs. E. Kent Swift, Jr.Dr. Margaret W. TaftDr. and Mrs. Marvin L. TanzerMr. Peter Tassia and Ms. Maija LutzDrs. William and Mary TelferMr. and Mrs. W. Nicholas ThorndikeMs. Mary Meigs ThorneMr. and Mrs. Emil D. Tietje, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Ivan ValielaMrs. Alice H. van BurenDr. and Mrs. Kensal van HoldeDr. Dorothy VilleeMrs. Estelle P. WarnerDr. Annemarie WeberMr. Michael S. WeinsteinMs. Mabel Whelpley and Mr. George RollinsDr. and Mrs. Roland L. WigleyMrs. Clare M. WilberMr. and Mrs. Lynn H. WilkeMrs. Nancy WilsonMs. Kathrin R. WinklerDrs. Beatrice and Jonathan WittenbergDr. Charles YanofskyDrs. Joshua Zimmerberg and Teresa JonesGifts up to $100Anonymous (1)Mr. and Mrs. John J. AzizMs. Nancy BaunMs. Jane Berger and Mr. Roger GittinesMr. and Mrs. Maks BirnbachMr. and Mrs. Peter BoyerMr. and Mrs. Charles BresnahanMr. and Mrs. Anthony BrianaMrs. Jennie P. BrownMr. and Mrs. Thomas A. BrownMr. and Mrs. George CadwaladerMr. Arthur D. CalfeeMr. and Mrs. John M. ClarkinMr. and Mrs. James M. ClearyMrs. Elizabeth Ann CohenMs. Ellen DonaldsonDr. Thomas DucibellaMr. and Mrs. Mark DuewigerDr. Frank EgloffMr. Gordon C. EstabrooksDr. and Mrs. Michael J. FishbeinMr. John H. FordMr. Alvin FossnerDr. and Mrs. Joseph C. GallagherMs. Lisa Gallagher and Mr. Gregory RuffaMrs. Sarah C. GoodrichDr. Martin GorovskyDr. and Mrs. Lawrence I. GrossmanDr. Clifford V. Harding, Jr.Mrs. Janet M. HarveyDr. Audrey E. V. HaschemeyerMr. John HayDr. David S. HaysMr. and Mrs. Edward S. HeardDr. Simone HelluyDr. and Mrs. Robert B. HillDrs. Susan and Richard HillMr. and Mrs. Gerald J. HoltzDr. and Mrs. Charles S. Hopkinson, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. James E. JohnsonMr. and Mrs. Dean JohnstonDr. Elizabeth Jonas and Mr. Thomas EisenDr. and Mrs. Leonard K. KaczmarekDr. Harry S. KahnMr. and Mrs. Ted KuleszaMr. and Mrs. Ray La RangerMrs. Corinne Le BovitDr. David P. LenziDr. and Mrs. John H. LochheadMs. Susan LoucksMs. Jane MacNeilDr. Robert P. MalchowMr. and Mrs. Charles MannMr. and Mrs. Joseph S. MaranchieMr. and Mrs. Frank J. Mather, IIIDr. and Mrs. G. C. MatthiessenDr. Nancy and Mr. Richard MilburnMr. and Mrs. Thomas C. MoseleyMr. Thomas A. MulhollandRADM. and Mrs. Paul J. Mulloy USN (Ret)Ms. Iris NelsonMr. and Mrs. Brian NickersonDr. Renee Bennett O’SullivanMr. and Mrs. Nicholas PantazisMr. David Parker, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Charles ParmenterDr. Jane L. ParpartMs. Joyce S. PenderyMr. Matthew Person and Ms. Jill EricksonMr. William G. PhillipsMr. Albert T. PiccirilliDr. and Mrs. Daniel A. PollenMr. and Mrs. Gerald B. ReynoldsMr. and Mrs. Peter J. RomanoMr. Dorothy C. RyderDr. Terrence J. SejnowskiMr. and Mrs. John J. SheridanMr. Richard W. ShrinerMrs. Robert H. SimmonsDr. John SinardMrs. Helene E. SpurrierDr. and Mrs. Alan B. SteinbachMrs. Elizabeth StommelMrs. Belle K. TaylorMr. and Mrs. William E. Traver, IIMs. Barbara S. TrelaProf. and Mrs. Michael TytellMr. and Mrs. Arthur D. Voorhis

94 giftsLectureshipsJohn J. Cebra Lectureship in PhysiologyDr. Sangeeta BhargavaDr. Kai-Ping ChowDr. Richard E. EckerDr. Ming-Zong LaiDr. Gail and Mr. Holman MasseyDr. Stella M. RobertsonThe Tay Hayashi Lectureship in Cell PhysiologyDr. Eloise E. ClarkDrs. Marion and William D. CohenDr. Wallace IpMrs. Freda KaminerDrs. Maurice and Raquel SussmanDr. and Mrs. Andrew G. Szent-GyorgyiIrvin Isenberg LectureshipDrs. James and Helene AndersonMr. and Mrs. Spencer L. BairdDr. and Mrs. J. Woodland HastingsDr. David Isenberg and Ms. Paula BlumenthalMrs. Freda KaminerDr. and Mrs. Philip PersonDr. and Mrs. Andrew G. Szent-GyorgyiDr. and Mrs. Kensal E. van HoldeRichard G. Kessel Endowed Lectureshipin EmbryologyDr. Richard KesselNancy S. Rafferty Lectureship in EmbryologyDr. and Mrs. Ronald A. BergmanMrs. Elinor W. BodianMr. and Mrs. P.K. BondeMrs. Barbara B. GladeDr. Clifford V. Harding, Jr.Drs. Malcolm and Adele HastDr. and Mrs. Edward H. PolleyDr. Alvin TelserDr. and Mrs. Kenyon S. TweedellDr. and Mrs. William YoungMs. Betty Jane ZanderThe Kensal E. van Holde Lectureshipin PhysiologyDr. Lawrence B. CohenMr. and Mrs. Stephen P. WagnerDr. and Mrs. Paul S. WheelerDr. and Mrs. Charles R. WyttenbachDrs. George and Miriam YevickMr. and Mrs. Kenneth H. ZimbleDr. and Mrs. Steven J. ZottoliCorporate and Foundation DonorsAetna Inc.AIG Matching Grants ProgramThe Bay and Paul FoundationsGeorge Botelho, Inc.Bristol-Myers Squibb CorporationThe Eli & Edythe L. Broad FoundationColgate-Palmolive CompanyThe Commonwealth FundCox Foundation, Inc.Fred Harris Daniels Foundation, Inc.Federated Department StoresHarken FoundationJohnson & JohnsonLoomis, Sayles & CompanyLawrence Lynch CorporationMilhench Supply CompanyNormandie FoundationOracle CorporationRalph F. Peo Foundation, Inc.Rockefeller FoundationSaint-Gobain Corporation FoundationThe Schooner FoundationEsther Simon Charitable TrustThe Seth Sprague Education & Charitable Foundation

gifts 95Alumni FundMBL alumni represent more than 25% of the Laboratory’s annual donors. Their gifts to the Alumni Fund are used to support MBL’sworld-renowned courses, including tuition assistance for students. In recognition of the tremendous influence the MBL has had ontheir careers, a number of alumni chose to celebrate their five, ten, fifteen, twenty and twenty-five year anniversaries by making asptheir classmates.Dr. Cheng-Kon Shih, PhysiologyDr. Joel P. Stafstrom, PhysiologyDr. Patricia Wadsworth, PhysiologyDr. Matthew K. Waldor, Neural Systems & Behavior20th AnniversaryAnniversary VolunteersDr. Lynne U. CassimerisDr. James P. ColemanDr. Marc D. ColtreraDr. Robert A. CornellDr. Tamara L. DoeringDr. Warren M. GrillDr. Kristen HarrisDr. Christopher A. HunterDr. Haruhiko ItagakiDr. Jared R. LeadbetterDr. Andrea MorrisDr. Joel P. StafstromDr. Martha TobiasDr. Andrew WarkmanDr. Tamily A. WeissmanAnniversary Donors25th AnniversaryDr. Christine Cremo, PhysiologyDr. Nigel S. Dunn-Coleman, PhysiologyDr. Robert Eimstad, PhysiologyDr. Kristen Harris, NeurobiologyDr. Deborah Hursh, EmbryologyDr. Haruhiko Itagaki, Neural Systems & BehaviorDr. Rena Jones, Biology of ParasitismDr. Paul Mellen, Biology of ParasitismAnonymous, EmbryologyDr. Vladimir Brezina, NeurobiologyDr. Lynne U. Cassimeris, PhysiologyDr. Eric S. Cole, EmbryologyDr. Tamara L. Doering, Biology of ParasitismDr. Robert A. Dubin, EmbryologyDr. Maria Febbraio, Biology of ParasitismDr. Gary R. Hunnicutt, PhysiologyDr. Haruhiko Itagaki, NeurobiologyDr. Emilie A. Marcus, Neural Systems & BehaviorDr. Duane P. McPherson, Neural Systems & BehaviorDr. Wayde M. Weston, Physiology15th AnniversaryDr. Kamran Ahmad, EmbryologyDr. Ricardo C. Araneda, NeurobiologyDr. Robert L. Bacallao, PhysiologyDr. Joseph A. Cerro, PhysiologyDr. Judith A. Challis, Microbial DiversityDr. Marc D. Coltrera, PhysiologyDr. Robert A. Cornell, EmbryologyDr. Miles G. Cunningham, Neural Systems & BehaviorDr. Holly V. Goodson-Hildreth, PhysiologyDr. Olivia Harriott, Microbial DiversityDr. Michael J. Howard, Biology of ParasitismDr. Christopher A. Hunter, Biology of ParasitismDr. Supriya Jayadev, PhysiologyDr. Gregory J. Jennings, Biology of ParasitismDr. Jared R. Leadbetter, Microbial DiversityDr. Thierry LePage, EmbryologyDr. James J. McCoy, Biology of ParasitismDr. Michael E. Mendelsohn, PhysiologyDr. Gloria I. Palma, Biology of ParasitismDr. Haohua Qian, NeurobiologyDr. Jean F. Regal, Physiology

96 gifts10th AnniversaryDr. Eva M. Finney, NeurobiologyDr. Fabrizio Gabbiani, Neural Systems & BehaviorDr. Warren M. Grill, Neural Systems & BehaviorDr. Tatsumi Hirata, NeurobiologyDr. Yuki Nakatani, EmbryologyDr. Dianne K. Newman, Microbial DiversityDr. Timothy N. Oliver, PhysiologyDr. Jon S. Poling, NeurobiologyDr. Yasuhiko Saito, PhysiologyDr. Robert J. Vasquez, Jr., PhysiologyDr. Aihui Wang, PhysiologyDr. Stephanie A. White, Neural Systems & Behavior5th AnniversaryAnonymous, EmbryologyDr. Long Ding, Neural Systems & BehaviorDr. Jean Livet, NeurobiologyDr. Thomas Misgeld, NeurobiologyDr. Sabrina N. Powell, Microbial DiversityDr. Joyce M. Simpson, Microbial DiversityDr. Tamily A. Weissman, NeurobiologyOther Alumni Fund DonorsIndividualsAnonymous (7)Dr. Joan AbbottDr. and Mrs. Douglas G. AlexanderDr. Clifford L. AmendDr. William DeWitt Andrus, Jr.Dr. Srdjan D. AnticDr. Michael S. AscherDr. James D. BangsDr. Ernest BarretoDr. Edward Joseph BehrmanDr. David M. BellDr. William H. BergstromDr. Edward M. BlumenthalDr. Mark BoothbyDr. Elayne Bornslaeger-Bednar andMr. Michael BednarDr. Brigitte F. BrandriffDr. Peter BrodfuehrerDr. and Mrs. Donald D. BrownDr. Vetria L. ByrdDr. and Mrs. David CampbellDr. Robert G. CassensDrs. Colleen Cavanaugh and Philip GschwendDr. Clarissa M. CheneyDr. Chi-Bin ChienDr. Carson C. ChowDr. A. Kent ChristensenDr. Ka Hou ChuDr. Carl Cyrus ClarkMrs. Anita CorlissDr. Jeffrey T. CorwinDr. Christopher S. CronanDr. John CunniffDr. James F. CupoDr. Alice M. CurryDr. Stephen C. DahlDr. Richard J. DeSaDr. Stephen DeutschDr. Bruce A. DinerDr. Thelma and Mr. Jonathan DixonDr. Kathleen DunlapDr. Jill M. DuntyDr. and Mrs. David DuricaDr. Laurel A. EckhardtDr. Marcia EdwardsDr. Marilynn E. EtzlerDr. and Mrs. Arnold G. EversoleAlumni Relations Advisory BoardDr. Peter B. Armstrong, University of CaliforniaDr. Robert B. Barlow, Jr., SUNY Upstate Medical UniversityDr. Thomas L. Benjamin, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Richard T. Born, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Stephen C. Cannon, University of TexasDr. Eloise E. Clark, Bowling Green State UniversityDr. Jeffrey T. Corwin, University of Virginia, School of MedicineJoseph T. Coyle, M.D., Harvard Medical SchoolDr. John E. Dowling, Harvard UniversityDr. Joseph R. Fetcho, Cornell UniversityDr. Leah T. Haimo, University of CaliforniaDr. Marnie E. Halpern, Carnegie Institution of WashingtonDr. Alexander Keynan, Israel Academy of Sciences and HumanitiesDr. Daniel P. Kiehart, Duke UniversityDr. George M. Langford, Dartmouth CollegeDr. William M. McDermott, U.S. Navy (retired)Dr. Melanie Pratt Merriman, Touchstone ConsultingDr. Thomas D. Pollard, Yale UniversityDr. Joshua R. Sanes, Harvard UniversityDr. Wise Young, Rutgers University

gifts 97Dr. Alan Scott FanningDr. Caleb E. FinchDr. Thomas R. FlanaganDr. Karl W. FlessaDr. Kenneth I. FreedmanDrs. Hugo and Anita FreudenthalDr. Anne E. FryDr. Theresa GaasterlandDr. Paul E. GallantDr. Maureen A. GannonDr. Susan and Mr. Mallory GilbertDr. Helen W. GjessingDr. Amy S. GladfelterDr. David L. GlanzmanDr. David J. GoldhamerDr. Margaret Ann GoldsteinDr. Gary GorbskyDr. Joel S. GordonDr. Lewis J. GreeneDr. Nancy Carole GreepDr. Francesca E. GrossmanDrs. Robert and Valerie HallDr. Lisa M. HalvorsonDr. Cadet Hammond Hand, Jr.Dr. Robert D. HarveyDrs. Joseph and Barbara HicharDr. Sarah E. Hitchcock-DeGregoriDr. Raymond W. HoltonDr. and Mrs. Seymour HoltzmanDr. Christine L. HoweDr. Ru-Chih C. HuangDr. Jerard HurwitzDr. and Mrs. Richard IntresDr. Allen IsaacsonDr. Daniel E. JamesDr. Nancy A. JohnsonDr. Marianna M. KaneDr. Gordon I. KayeDr. Michael J. KellDr. and Mrs. Hartmut E. KellerDrs. Thomas and Laura KellerDr. Robert G. KempDr. Lynda A. KieferDr. Donald W. KingDr. David KleinfeldDr. and Mrs. Paul M. KnopfDrs. Julie Korenberg and Stefan PulstDr. Birgit KovacsDr. George H. KowallisDr. and Mrs. John KrezoskiDr. Matthew K. LeeDr. Men-Jean Lee and Mr. Giuseppe Del PrioreDr. William J. LehmanDr. Ardean LeithDr. and Mrs. Ethan LernerMs. Shin-Yi LinDr. Anne M. LintonDr. and Mrs. Edward K. LobenhoferDr. and Mrs. Robert J. LoefflerDr. Richard LumDr. Anna LysakowskiDr. Stephen E. MalawistaDr. and Mrs. Phillip B. MaplesDr. Junko Munakata MarrDr. Magdalena Martinez-CanameroDr. Allen Wray Mathies, Jr.Dr. Frances V. McCann MurrayDr. and Mrs. William M. McDermottDr. Dianne McFarlaneDr. Susan Gerbi McIlwainDr. Lynne M. MerchantDr. Melanie and Mr. Klein MerrimanProf. Sara MichieDr. Edwin A. MirandDr. Yasuhiro MoritaDr. Stephen H. MunroeDr. John W. MurrayProf. Carol NewtonDr. Lee NiswanderDr. Dana T. NojimaDr. Phyllis NorrisDr. and Mrs. Michael D. OberdorferProf. John M. OlsonDr. and Mrs. Brett A. OxberryDr. Mary G. PacificiDr. Paul H. PattersonDrs. Kimberly Paul and Charles ThomasMs. Cara PellegriniDr. Norman J. PieniazekDr. Louis PierroDr. Carl B. PilcherDr. William F. Pomputius, IIIDr. Charles PorterDr. Carl D. ProtaDr. Keen A. Rafferty, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Alfred G. RedfieldDr. Austen F. RiggsDr. Richard E. RohrDrs. Duncan and Grace RollasonBrian K. Romias, M.D.Dr. Andrej RotterDr. Nathan C. RowlandDr. Alan A. RozyckiDr. Laurens N. RubenDr. John G. Rutherford, Jr.Dr. Carol Ann RyderDr. Wendy C. SalmonDr. David R. SamolsDr. Noriyuki SatohDr. Suzaynn F. SchickDr. Paul R. SchloerbDr. Joseph H. SchneiderDr. Joseph SenftDr. David R. SherwoodDr. Wenying ShouDr. L. David SibleyDr. Andrea B. SmithDr. Wendy A. SmithDr. Robert E. SteeleDr. and Mrs. Charles H. SullivanDr. Hyla C. SweetDr. Mari Takasu and Mr. Peter ScheiffeleDr. Vera A. TaylorDr. Saul TeichbergDr. Wesley J. ThompsonDr. J. Lille TidwellDr. Barbara Holland ToomeyDr. Laurence TorsherDr. Ann and Mr. Mark TraxDr. Betty A. UrquhartDr. Jeanine A. UrsittiDr. Mark A. VellecaDr. Raghunath VirkarDr. Susan VolmanDrs. Gary E. Ward and Zail BerryDr. Margery WardDr. Susanna H. WeerthDr. Harold Bancroft WhiteDr. Fern WirthDr. Lily L. WongDr. Steven W. ZuckerCorporate and Foundation DonorsMcKinsey & Company, Inc.MeadWestvaco FoundationTakeda Pharmaceuticals N. American, Inc.

98 giftsMBL AssociatesThe Associates was formed in 1944 to provide a connection to the MBLfor those who want to learn more about its exciting work and developan ongoing relationship with the institution. The Associates sponsoreducational and cultural programs for the MBL and the neighboringcommunity and have raised funds for special projects. In addition, theyoperate the MBL Associates Gift Shop, the profits from which supportscientific fellowships.PatronMr. and Mrs. Norman BernsteinMr. and Mrs. Malcolm CampbellMrs. Sally CrossDr. Rebeckah DuBois GlazebrookMrs. Edward MacNicholMrs. Janet D. NickersonMr. and Mrs. Walter J. SalmonSustaining AssociateThe Bufftree FoundationMr. and Mrs. Robert O. BigelowDr. Jewel Plummer CobbMr. Michael Fenlon and Ms. Linda SallopMrs. Martha S. FergusonMs. Penelope HareThe Honorable and Mrs. John S. LangfordMr. Frederick S. PetersSupporting AssociateDr. and Mrs. Francis P. BowlesMr. Clifton Eaton and Ms. Nilde DiefenbachDrs. Alfred and Joan GoldbergMr. and Mrs. Charles Goodwin, IIIDr. and Mrs. Thomas C. GreggDrs. Linda and Stephen GreyserMr. and Mrs. Gary G. HaywardDr. Jodie L. HurwitzDr. and Mrs. Shinya InouéDr. and Mrs. Leonard LasterMr. and Mrs. James E. LloydMr. and Mrs. William K. Mackey, Esq.Mr. and Mrs. James McSherryMrs. Kay PechilisMrs. Anne W. SawyerMr. and Mrs. Alan R. SilverMrs. Mary J. TalbotDr. John Tochko and Mrs. Christina Myles-TochkoIndividual MembersDr. Louise AdlerMs. Helen AhearnDr. Nina Stromgren AllenMs. Martha P. AndersonMrs. Dorothy C. ArgentoMrs. Barbara AtwoodMr. Everett E. BagleyMs. Megan E. BarrassoMrs. Paula BeersDr. Millicent BellMr. C. John BergMs. Olive C. BeverlyDr. Michael BihariDr. Thomas P. BleckMs. Avis BlombergMs. Nancy BlunckMr. Felix BosshardDr. Robert H. BroylesMr. Joseph W. BurkeMr. Bruce E. BuxtonMrs. Sheila CarotenutoMrs. Constance M. ClarkMs. Janet ClayMrs. Margaret H. CoburnDr. Seymour S. CohenMs. Anne S. Concannon

gifts 99Ms. Margaret S. CooperDr. D. Eugene CopelandMrs. Molly N. CornellDr. Vincent CowlingMrs. Marilyn E. CrandallMs. Helen M. CrossleyMs. Dorothy CrossleyMrs. Villa B. CrowellMr. Prince S. Crowell, IIIMrs. Elizabeth M. DavisMr. Joseph P. DayMs. Carol Reimann DeYoungMrs. Virginia A. DierkerMs. Melissa A. DigginDr. Steve DillinghamMrs. Joseph L. DixonMs. Suzanne DrobanMr. Roy A. DuffusMs. Maureen J. DuganMrs. Frances E. EastmanMs. Cynthia D. EatonDr. Frank EgloffDr. Elizabeth M. FarnhamMs. Helen C. FarringtonMs. Sylvia M. FlanaganMr. John W. Folino, Jr.Mrs. Nancy FraserMr. Paul J. FreyheitDr. Michael GabrielMr. C. Vernon GawMs. Sallie A. GiffenMr. Donald E. Gilbert, IIIMrs. Harold GinsbergMrs. Phyllis GoldsteinMr. Josef GoldufskyMs. Muriel GouldMs. Janet M. GreggMrs. Barbara GrossmanDr. Valerie A. HallMs. Mary Elizabeth HamstromMs. Pamela D. HarveyMrs. Janet M. HarveyMr. Mark HollanderMr. Roger W. HubbellMrs. Betty JamesonDr. James E. JohnsonMrs. Megan H. JonesMs. Barbara W. JonesDr. Joan T. KanwisherMrs. Shirley KarnovskyMrs. Sally KarushDr. Manoj K. KashyapMrs. Marcella KatzMr. Richard E. KendallMs. Patricia E. KeoughanMs. Meryl LangbortMs. Erin LarsonMr. William LawrenceDr. Marian E. LeFevreMs. Vanessa LeFevreMr. Lennart LindbergMs. Jylene M. LivengoodMs. Susan LoucksMs. Sallie G. LyonMrs. Margaret M. MacLeishMrs. Annemarie E. MahlerMrs. Nancy R. MalkielMrs. Diane B. MaranchieMrs. Stephanie MastroianniDr. Susan Gerbi McIlwainMs. Mary W. McKoanMs. Jane A. McLaughlinMs. Cornelia Hanna McMurtrieDr. Martin MendelsonDr. Carmen MerrymanMs. Vivagean V. MerzMrs. Marianne MilkmanMrs. Florence E. MixerMr. Lawrence A. MonteMr. James C. MorroneAmbassador Day O. MountRADM. Paul J. Mulloy USN (Ret)Mrs. Carol MurrayMrs. Eleanor M. NaceMrs. Anne NelsonDr. Eliot NiermanMr. Edmund F. NolanMs. Catherine N. NortonMs. Doris A. O’SullivanMr. David Parker, Jr.Dr. John B. PearceMr. Matthew PersonMr. William G. PhillipsDr. Daniel A. PollenMrs. Nancy R. PollisMs. Carol PooserMs. Pamela PorterAssociates Executive BoardSallie Giffen, PresidentMarjorie Salmon, Vice PresidentGerry Swope, TreasurerTom Gregg, SecretaryJune AtwoodGloria BorgeseJulie ChildMartha FergusonMargaret GiffordLinda GreyserPenelope HareBarbara JonesKit KnowlesHans KornbergRuth Ann LasterSusan LoucksJoanne McSherryAlan Silverex officio membersWilliam T. Speck, Director & CEO, MBLJohn E. Dowling, President of theCorporation, MBLAlfred M. Zeien, Chairman of theBoard of Trustees, MBLAssociates AdministratorSusan JoslinMr. Fred J. Ravens, Jr.Mr. Samuel O. RaymondMs. Mary W. RianhardMs. Andrea RiccaDr. Mary Elizabeth RiceDr. Monica RileyDr. Lola E. RobertsonMrs. Arlene RogersMrs. Wendy E. RoseMrs. Atholie K. RosettDr. Virginia F. RossDr. John D. RummelKetty A. Saez, Esq.Dr. Thomas SbarraMs. Mary M. ScanlanMr. Robert F. SchroederMrs. Elouise C. ScottMrs. Elsie M. ScottDr. Cecily Cannan SelbyMrs. Deborah G. SenftMs. Margaret SheaMrs. Ruth ShephardMs. Enid K. SichelMrs. Cynthia C. SmithMrs. Helene E. SpurrierDr. Robert E. SteeleDr. Malcolm S. SteinbergMrs. Elizabeth StommelMr. Dorman J. Swartz

100 giftsMr. James K. TaylorMrs. Alice ToddMr. Arthur D. TraubMr. D. Thomas TriggDr. Natalie TrousofMr. Louis C. TurnerMrs. Eleanor S. UhlingerDr. Dorothy VilleeMr. Lee D. VincentMr. Arthur D. VoorhisMrs. Bunnie Rose ZigmanMrs. Margery P. ZinnFamily MembersFalmouth Forum 2004-2005 - Sponsored by the MBL AssociatesDr. and Mrs. Edward A. AdelbergDr. and Mrs. Dean C. Allard, Jr.Dr. Peggy AlsupDr. Alison and Mr. Robert AmentMr. and Mrs. Douglas AmonDrs. James and Helene AndersonDr. and Mrs. Richard ArmstrongOctober 29, 2004 “Making Democracy: What We Can Learn from Mexico”Julia Preston, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter for The New York Times and co-author, with SamuelDillon, of Opening Mexico: The Making of a DemocracyJanuary 7, 2005 “U.S.-Arab Relations and the al Jazeera Factor”William Rugh, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Arab Emirates and YemenJanuary 28, 2005 “Shipwrecks and Seamonsters - An Underwater Photojournalist’s World”Brian Skerry, contributing photographer for National Geographic Magazine specializing in themarine environmentFebruary 11, 2005 “Khrushchev: The Man and His Era”William Taubman, 2004 Pulitzer Prize winner for a distinguished biography or autobiography by anAmerican authorMarch 4, 2005 “America in a Dangerous World”H.D.S. Greenway, Columnist, Boston GlobeMarch 25, 2005 “Visiting the Family: Rare Primates of the World”Connie Rogers, author and book editor; frequently writes about travel and primates for The NewYork TimesMr. and Mrs. Robert BreenMr. and Mrs. Thomas A. BrownDr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Browne, IIIDr. and Mrs. John B. BuckMr. and Mrs. Patrick D. BurkeMrs. Barbara Gates BurwellDr. and Mrs. Robert H. CarrierDr. and Mrs. Richard L. ChappellDr. and Mrs. Frank M. ChildDr. Sallie ChisholmMr. and Mrs. James M. ClearyDr. and Mrs. Laurence P. CloudMrs. Margaret ClowesDrs. Harry Conner and CarolScott-ConnerMr. and Mrs. Peter ConnollyDr. and Mrs. Robert A. CowanMr. and Mrs. Theron S. Curtis, Jr.Mrs. Janet B. DanielsMr. and Mrs. Roger S. DavisMs. Ellen DonaldsonMr. and Mrs. David L. DonovanMr. and Mrs. F. Gerald DouglassDr. and Mrs. John E. DowlingDr. and Mrs. Arthur Brooks DuBoisMr. and Mrs. Lincoln EkstromMr. and Mrs. Robert R. EverettMs. Jean C. FaheyMr. and Mrs. Salvatore FantasiaDr. and Mrs. Michael J. FishbeinMr. and Mrs. Howard G. FreemanDr. Larry Jay FriedmanDr. and Mrs. John J. FunkhouserMrs. Ann WadsworthMrs. Carol Ann WagnerDr. Gregory WagonerMrs. Eve WarrenDr. Gary M. WesselMrs. Barbara WheelerMs. Mabel Y. WhelpleyMrs. Gina WhiteMrs. Barbara WhiteheadMrs. Clare M. WilberMr. Harry WilcoxMrs. Helen WilsonMrs. Nancy WilsonMs. Nancy WoitkoskiDrs. Peter and Margaret ArmstrongMr. and Mrs. Garfield ArthurMr. and Mrs. Duncan P. AspinwallMr. and Mrs. Joseph AtwoodMr. and Mrs. Donald R. AukampMr. and Mrs. John M. BaitsellMr. and Mrs. David BakalarDr. and Mrs. Robert B. Barlow, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. John E. BarnesDrs. Harriet and Alan P. BernheimerMr. George BillingsMr. and Mrs. Kendall B. BohrMr. and Mrs. Andrew BorgeseDr. and Mrs. Thomas A. BorgeseMr. and Mrs. Peter BoyerDr. and Mrs. Mordecai L. GabrielMs. Lisa Gallagher and Mr. GregoryRuffaDr. and Mrs. James L. German, IIIDr. and Mrs. Prosser GiffordDr. and Mrs. Murray GlusmanDr. Arthur Pardee and Mrs. AnnGoodmanMr. and Mrs. Frederic GreenmanDr. and Mrs. Newton H. GresserDr. and Mrs. Harlyn O. HalvorsonMr. and Mrs. Benjamin HandelmanDr. and Mrs. Robert HaselkornDr. and Mrs. J. Woodland HastingsDr. Robert R. Haubrich

Associates GiftShop VolunteersVolunteer TourGuidesgifts 101Marion AdelbergAvis BlombergGloria BorgeseJulie ChildJohn CraneCarol De YoungFrances EastmanBarbara GrossmanMeryl LangbortBarbara LittleMiriam MauzerallFlorence MixerBertha PersonCynthia SmithBarbara Van HoldeGrace WitzellBarbara BauerWilliam BellGloria BorgesePeter CaleshuBob CarneyGeorge CitronEllen CitronPat CowanNancy FraserJoyce GallagherSallie GiffenWilliam KampermanMeryl LangbortCharlie MahoneyVivagean MerzWilliam PhillipsHoward RedpathSheila SilverbergMary UlbrichVolker UlbrichJohn ValoisMrs. Jane M. HealdMr. and Mrs. Edward S. HeardDr. and Mrs. Howard H. HiattMr. and Mrs. David HibbittDrs. Llewellya Hillis and PaulColinvauxDr. and Mrs. John E. HobbieMr. Ken Holden and Ms. FrancesMcGuireMr. and Mrs. Gerald J. HoltzMr. and Mrs. John HoneyDr. Edward G. HornMs. Susan A. HuettnerMrs. Carmela J. HuettnerDr. and Mrs. Kurt J. IsselbacherDr. and Mrs. Daniel JohnstonMr. and Mrs. Ramsey E. JoslinMrs. Freda KaminerMs. Katherine KennedyMr. and Mrs. Thomas C. KennyMrs. Betsy KingMr. and Mrs. Richard KingMr. and Mrs. David KingDr. Peter Kivy and Ms. Joan PearlmanMr. and Mrs. Paul W. KnaplundMr. and Mrs. A. Sidney Knowles, Jr.Dr. Carol and Mr. Walter KnoxMr. and Mrs. Harry Kohn, Jr.Sir Hans and Lady KornbergMr. and Mrs. Stephen LasterDr. Hans LauferDr. and Mrs. John J. LeeMr. and Mrs. David LeeMr. Russ LemckeMs. Eve Lippold and Mr. Ted LippoldMrs. Barbara C. LittleDr. and Mrs. Laszlo LorandMr. Richard C. LoveringMr. and Mrs. Francis C. Lowell, Jr.Dr. Zella LuriaMrs. Phyllis M. MacNeilMr. and Mrs. Joseph MartynaMr. and Mrs. John M. MasonMs. Anna Mastroianni andMr. Greg ShawDrs. Luigi and Elaine MastroianniMs. Dorothea J. MautnerMr. and Mrs. Derek J. McDonaldMr. Paul McGonigleMr. David Brown and Mrs. NawrieMeigs-BrownDr. and Mrs. Jerry M. MelilloMr. and Mrs. Richard MeyersMr. and Mrs. T. Richardson Miner, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. MitchellDr. and Mrs. Merle MizellDr. and Mrs. Charles H. MontgomeryMr. and Mrs. Stephen A. MooreDr. Hideaki MoriyamaMr. and Mrs. Richard S. Morse, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Lewis NassikasDr. and Mrs. John E. NaugleDr. Pamela Nelson and Mr.Christopher OlmstedDr. and Mrs. Clifford T. O’ConnellMr. Tim O’ConnorMr. and Ms. David R. PalmerDr. and Mrs. Clement E. PapazianMr. and Mrs. Robert ParkinsonMr. and Mrs. Robert PelletreauMr. and Mrs. Hays PenfieldMr. and Mrs. John B. PeriDr. and Mrs. Philip PersonMr. and Mrs. George H. PloughDr. and Mrs. Aubrey Pothier, Jr.Dr. Jahn PothierMrs. Mildred RebhunMrs. Virginia R. ReynoldsMr. and Mrs. John G. RichardsonDr. and Mrs. Harris RippsDr. and Mrs. Charles RobertsonDr. Priscilla F. RoslanskyMr. and Mrs. John D. RossDr. and Mrs. David K. RubinMr. and Mrs. William A. RughMr. Richard SacchettiDr. and Mrs. John W. Saunders, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Robert SeidlerMr. and Mrs. Daniel ShearerDr. and Mrs. David SheprowMr. and Mrs. Bertram R. SilverMr. and Mrs. Bruce SkrineDrs. Frederick and Marguerite SmithDrs. William Speck and Evelyn LipperDrs. Evelyn and Melvin SpiegelDr. and Mrs. Guy L. Steele, Sr.Dr. and Mrs. Alan B. SteinbachDr. and Mrs. William K. StephensonMr. and Mrs. Thomas R. StetsonMr. and Mrs. Edward Stimpson, IIIMr. and Mrs. Mark SuttonMr. and Mrs. E. Kent Swift, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Gerard L. SwopeMr. and Mrs. Emil D. Tietje, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Walter V. TrainorProf. and Mrs. Michael TytellMr. and Mrs. Volker UlbrichMr. and Mrs. John J. ValoisMr. and Mrs. Ralph WadleighDr. John Waterbury andMs. Vicky CullenMr. and Mrs. John T. WeeksMrs. Frances WeiffenbachMr. and Michael S. WeinsteinDr. and Mrs. Gerald WeissmannMr. and Mrs. Lynn H. WilkeMr. and Mrs. Leslie J. WilsonMrs. and Mr. Isabel YoderMrs. Marilyn G. Zacks

102 giftsMBL Golf OutingIn July, MBL President Dr. John E. Dowling organized a golf outing with the help ofmembers of the Woods Hole Golf Club who support the MBL. Invited guests with aninterest in learning about the institution had the opportunity to spend time on the courseand at dinner in the company of MBL supporters, trustees, and scientists. We wish to thankthe following hosts and corporate sponsors who helped make this event a success.HostsMr. Robert AmentDr. Richard L. ChappellDr. John E. DowlingDr. Harlyn O. HalvorsonMr. Thomas J. HynesDr. Cecily C. SelbyMs. Mary D. JanneyMrs. Jean W. PierceMr. Robert W. PierceMr. Mel BarkanMr. Frederick H. PierceMajor Sponsorship provided by:Shawmut Design and ConstructionBoston, MAOther Corporate SponsorsBenthos, Inc.North Falmouth, MAHolmes and McGrath, Inc.Falmouth, MAW. B. MasonBrockton, MAMultitemp Mechanical Corp.Norwood, MAGeorge T. Wilkinson Company, Inc.East Weymouth, MASnow and Jones, Inc.Accord, MAParty Cape Cod, Inc.Pocasset, MAThe Woods Hole MarketWoods Hole, MAMilhench Supply CompanyNew Bedford, MA

gifts 103fellowships and scholarshipsEndowed and expendable funds for scholarships and fellowshipsare an integral part of the MBL’s research and educationalprograms. We gratefully acknowledge the donors listed here whoprovided $859,288 for research fellowships and $350,004 forscholarships in 2005.American Society of Cell Biology SummerResearch AwardsThe American Society for Cell BiologyFrederik B. and Betsy G. Bang Fellowship FundDr. and Mrs. Jack LevinJohn and Elisabeth Buck Endowed ScholarshipDr. and Mrs. Robert B. Barlow, Jr.Ms. Helen Hubbard BettsMr. Peter M. BuckMrs. Grayson B. Fleming ClarkeElectronic Data SystemsMs. Lori GavinDr. Helen T. GhiradellaMr. and Mrs. Michael R. GoldenbergMrs. Louise F. HarrisMs. Mary E. LawrenceMs. Cornelia M. MerwinMr. and Mrs. Richard MetcalfMr. and Mrs. James N. SchaefferMr. and Mrs. Alasdair C. StevenMs. Hyla A. TroxellMrs. Gertrude WoodCrane Family GID Fellowship FundThe Friendship Fund and the Crane FamilyDart Neuroscience Scholars Program in Learningand MemoryDart Neuroscience Limited PartnershipBernard Davis Scholarship FundMrs. Elizabeth M. DavisMrs. Florence MenzelEugene Floyd DuBois Memorial FundDr. Rebeckah DuBois GlazebrookAlbert and Ellen Grass Faculty Grant ProgramThe Grass FoundationDaniel S. Grosch and Edith T. Grosch Scholarship FundMr. Gustav Grosch and Ms. Jane KuleszaAline D. Gross ScholarshipDr. and Mrs. Paul R. GrossMrs. Freda KaminerTechnic, Inc.The H. Keffer Hartline and Edward F. MacNichol, Jr.FellowshipDr. and Mrs. Robert B. Barlow, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Richard L. ChappellDr. and Mrs. Nigel DawDr. and Mrs. Thomas R. Hedges, Jr.Drs. Enrico Nasi and Maria GomezWilliam Randolph Hearst Educational EndowmentWilliam Randolph Hearst FoundationIBRO Scholarships for Advanced Neuroscience CourseInternational Brain Research OrganizationHolger and Friederun Jannasch Scholarship inMicrobial DiversityDrs. Carol Arnosti and Andreas TeskeDr. and Mrs. John A. BreznakDr. Joseph P. CalabreseDr. Henry EhrlichDrs. Valerie and Robert HallDr. and Mrs. Harlyn O. HalvorsonDr. and Mrs. Hans JannaschDr. Jeanne S. PoindexterDr. Jane E. WarshawDr. John Waterbury and Ms. Vicky CullenBenjamin Kaminer ScholarshipDr. and Mrs. Paul R. GrossMrs. Freda KaminerFred Karush Endowed Library ReadershipDr. Arthur M. Silverstein

104 giftsFellowships Established in 2005John M. Arnold Fellowship FundEstate of John ArnoldDr. and Mrs. Raymond RappaportGruss Lipper Israeli Fellowships andScholarshipsThe Gruss Lipper Family FoundationJames A. and Faith Miller FellowshipFundDrs. David and Virginia MillerMountain Memorial FundDr. and Mrs. Dean C. Allard, Jr.Ms. Brenda J. BodianNikon FellowshipNikon Instruments, Inc.William Townsend Porter ScholarshipWilliam Townsend Porter FoundationFlorence C. Rose and S. Meryl RoseScholarshipMs. Mary Anne CracauerMs. Elise C. DennisDr. and Mrs. Harvey M. FishmanMr. Bruce L. FleischmannMrs. Barbara B. GladeDr. Elizabeth D. HayMr. and Mrs. Bruce A. LancasterMrs. Eleanor M. NaceMr. and Mrs. Jack L. OlsonDr. and Mrs. Kenyon S. TweedellMs. Mary P. WillardScience Journalism Program EndowmentDrs. James and Helene AndersonDr. Porter W. Anderson, Jr.Drs. Susan and Daniel BarryMr. Perry BeemanMs. Giovanna BreuMr. David BullochCabot Family Charitable TrustMs. Ingfei ChenMs. Adele ConoverDr. John S. CookMr. Robert CookeMs. Elizabeth CooneyMr. John FleischmanDr. Rebeckah DuBois GlazebrookDr. and Mrs. Robert HaselkornGregory J. and Pamela Clapp HinkleMs. Mari N. JensenMs. Barbara W. JonesMr. Gar KaganowichMr. Russ LemckeMs. Kathleen McAuliffeEugene and Millicent Bell Fellowshipin Tissue EngineeringDrs. Eugene and Millicent BellMr. Steven D. MirskyMr. and Mrs. Philip F. Mulvey, Jr.Ms. Ridgely OchsMr. and Mrs. David PearsonMr. and Mrs. Robert PelletreauMs. Elizabeth PennisiMs. Barinetta ScottMr. and Mrs. Peter SholleyMs. Helena B. VerhaveDr. and Mrs. Byron H. WaksmanThe Irving Weinstein Foundation, Inc.Dr. and Mrs. Gerald WeissmannDrs. Jonathan and Beatrice WittenbergMr. Philip YamSociety of General Physiologists ScholarshipsSociety of General PhysiologistsThe Evelyn and Melvin Spiegel Fellowship FundDr. and Mrs. Jack LevinDrs. Joseph and Jean SangerEva Szent-Györgyi Scholarship FundDr. Carolyn CohenMrs. Freda KaminerDr. and Mrs. Laszlo LorandDr. and Mrs. Andrew G. Szent-GyörgyiJ.P. and Madeleine Trinkaus Endowed ScholarshipDr. Joan AbbottDr. and Mrs. Thomas L. BenjaminDrs. Michael and R. Suzanne BennettDrs. Susan and Nessly CraigDr. and Mrs. David EpelDr. Carol EricksonDr. and Mrs. Max FinkDrs. Deborah Hursh and Mark MortinDr. DeForest Mellon, Jr.Mr. Steven TrinkausDr. J. Richard WhittakerWalter L. Wilson Endowed Scholarship FundDr. Paul N. ChervinDr. Jean R. WilsonYoung Scholars/Fellows ProgramCardinal Brook Trust

gifts 105memorial and tribute giftsThese donors have chosen to support the MBL as a special way to remember or honor a relative or friend.Bench in memory of Michael BarthDr. Donald BarthThomas A. Borgese Rare Books and JournalsEndowed FundMr. Victor Aviles and Mrs. Ann De Weer-AvilesMr. and Mrs. Alan J. BitontiMr. Garen G. BohlinThe Borgese FamilyMr. and Mrs. Thomas A. BrownMr. and Mrs. David W. CallagyChildren’s School of Science, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. CollinsMr. Jack ComoDrs. Paul and Mia De WeerMs. Frances Ann DellaCavaMs. Laura FisherMr. Paul E. GeisheckerDr. and Mrs. Joseph V. GiglioMrs. Carmela J. HuettnerMr. Robert F. IllgenDr. and Mrs. Kurt J. IsselbacherItalian American Legal Defense & HigherDefense FundMrs. Sally KarushMr. James Kaye and Ms. Kim RubinDr. and Mrs. Edward L. KeanMr. and Mrs. Louis M. KerrMr. William Kopper and Ms. Carol BrunelliDr. Anthony L. LaRuffaDr. and Mrs. Leonard LasterDr. and Mrs. Merle MizellMr. and Mrs. Anthony MordenteDr. Michael MrazMs. Susan PerkinsDr. and Mrs. Philip PersonMrs. Elizabeth RippleMr. and Mrs. John RippleDr. and Mrs. Sheldon J. SegalDr. Sandro D. SegaliniMr. and Mrs. Frank C. SidotiMr. and Mrs. Joseph SidotiMr. and Mrs. David SmithSyntonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Stephen SypekMr. and Mrs. Joseph P. TontiniMr. and Mrs. Frank TruncaleDr. and Mrs. Kenyon S. TweedellMs. Susan Wigley and Mr. Jay BurnettMr. and Mrs. David WitherellLillie Chair in honor of Elisabeth BuckMr. Peter M. BuckMs. Judith B. GyovaiMr. and Mrs. David HibbittLillie Chair in memory of John BuckMrs. Elisabeth M. BuckRobert Huettner Rare BooksEndowed FundMrs. Carmela J. Huettner in memory of JeromeHiggins and Dr. Sherwin CoopersteinMs. Catherine N. NortonLibrary FundDr. and Mrs. Leonard Laster in honor of Kurt andRhoda Isselbacher’s 50 th wedding anniversaryLibrary Fund for Rare BooksMrs. Beth Berne in memory of Lisa IsselbacherFrank MacNaught Endowed Rare Books &JournalsMs. Joan M. MurrayGifts received in memory of William D.Russell-HunterMs. Joan C. AnthonyMs. Pamela BensonMs. Jennifer CampbellDr. and Mrs. Arnold G. EversoleMr. and Mrs. William S. FieldsDr. R. Douglas HunterDr. Robert E. KnowltonMr. Charles T. LiszkayCapt. James B. NormanMr. Sumner ParkerSt. Andrew’s Society of the Eastern ShoreMr. and Mrs. Charles E. Wheeler

106 giftsSemester in Environmental SciencesMr. Richard W. Small and Ms. Donna Townsendin honor of Amy Townsend SmallMs. Judith Pinnolis in honor of Ben Fertig andElana Klein’s weddingGifts to the annual and alumni funds weremade in honor of:Dr. William J. Adelman, Jr.The birth of Drs. Clay and Clara Armstrong’sgrandchildrenDonna BlaineDr. Ercole Canale-ParolaDr. John C. DaltonJanet B. DanielsGary Freeman50 th wedding anniversary of Hugo andAnita FreudenthalThe Grosch FamilyDr. Richard W. LinckCharles M. RosenthalChing-Yü RotterovaSheldon and Harriet SegalDr. William T. SpeckDr. Bruce TelzerDr. Kensal E. Van HoldeGifts to the annual and alumni funds weremade in memory of:Dr. Julius AllenDr. Robert D. AllenDr. Kimball C. Atwood, IIIRobert M. BerneFrank A. Brown, Jr.Dr. John BuckGeorge W. de VillafrancaEric Christopher Dillman and Christopher DillmanMr. and Mrs. Maurice A. DunkleDr. James D. EbertJeanette FossnerEdwin Merritt FrantzDr. Sydney GellisPhyllis GoldRose GrantDr. Daniel S. GroschDr. Viktor HamburgerNorma HaysDr. Benjamin KaminerDr. Morton KleinDr. Cyrus LevinthalKathryn MendelsonDr. Daniel G. MillerDr. John A. MooreDavid NachmansohnMr. Andrew E. NormanEugene, Martha and Bill OdumOlga Osterhout, Harold B. Sears, Ann Osterhoutand Theodore M. EdisonMr. William J. PechilisDr. Wilbur M. RabinowitzDr. George T. ReynoldsS. Meryl RoseDr. Herbert S. RosenkranzHenry L. Rosett, M.D.Dr. William D. Russell-HunterMrs. Regina SchuelDr. Dorothy M. SkinnerDr. H. Burr SteinbachAlfred SturtevantEva Szent-GyorgyiDr. J. P. TrinkausDr. Claude A. VilleeDr. Robert C. WarnerGeorge and Rose WheelerDr. Charles G. WilberDr. and Mrs. Michael WirthChester and Betty YntemaNew Century SocietyThe New Century Society recognizesand honors those who have madebequests and other planned giftarrangements to sustain the MBL’sresearch and educational programs.Anonymous (4)Porter W. Anderson, Jr.Peter and Margaret ArmstrongJohn M. Arnold*Dr. and Mrs. Robert B. Barlow, Jr.Zylpha B. Brown*Ronald L. Calabrese andChristine S. CozzensGraciela C. CandelasDr. and Mrs. James F. CaseJulia S. ChildOctavia C. Clement*Allen W. Clowes*Emily Ann Cramer*Norman C. Cross*Irene C. Diller*Esther H. Dobbins*John and Judith DowlingDr. and Mrs. Joseph L. Dowling, Jr.James D. Ebert*Dennis Flanagan*M. G. F. Fuortes*Elizabeth F. Grave*Donald R. Griffin*Dr. Robert R. HaubrichCynthia Isenberg*Frances and Howard JacobsonMary D. JanneyDr. Jane KaltenbachDarcy B. KelleyRichard G. KesselPaul G. and Marian E. LeFevreEdward F. MacNichol, Jr.*Luigi and Elaine P. MastroianniMadelene E. Pierce*Andrew M. Kropinski andPeggy A. PritchardRobert A. PrendergastRichard Proskauer*Sarah Ratner*Marjorie Reinisch*Dr. R. Walter Schlesinger*Harriet and Sheldon SegalCecily Cannan SelbyJohn Shaver*Robert S. Shifman*Mrs. Jane Lazarow Stetten*John and Freddy ValoisDr. and Mrs. Byron H. WaksmanMarjorie A. Wheatley*Elizabeth S. Yntema*2005 BequestsEstate of John M. ArnoldEstate of Dennis FlanaganDr. Darcy B. Kelley* deceased

gifts 107corporate lending programThe quality and success of the MBL educational program is maintained through the loanof research equipment, reagents, and computers valued at over $10 million by:AD InstrumentsAdams & List AssociatesAgilent Technologies, Inc.Alpha Innotech CorporationAmbion, Inc.A.M.P.I.A-M SystemsAndor TechnologyApplied BiosystemsApplied Precision, LLCApplied Scientific Instrumentation, Inc.Aquatic HabitatsArcturus Engineering, Inc.AutoMate Scientific, Inc.AutoQuant Imaging, Inc.Barnstead/ThermolyneBD BiosciencesBecker & Hickl GmbHBeckman Coulter Inc.Biophotonics InternationalBioptechsBio-Rad LaboratoriesBitplane Inc.Brownlee Precision CompanyCambridge Electronic Design Ltd.Charles River LaboratoriesChroma Technology CorporationCoherent Inc.Compix Inc.,Imaging SystemsCoretech Holdings, LLCCoy LaboratoriesDage-MTI of MC, Inc.DakoCytomation, Inc.David Kopf InstrumentsDelaware Diamond Knives, Inc.Diagenode, Inc.Diagnostic InstrumentsDigitimer Ltd.Embryotech LaboratoriesEppendorf North AmericaEXFO/Burleigh Life Sciences GroupFHCFine Science ToolsFisher Scientific CompanyFluke CorporationGE HealthcareGene Therapy Systems, Inc.Gene Tools, LLCGeneral Valve Corporation / Parker Hannifin Corp.Grass Product Group of Astro-Med, Inc.GrassTelefactorHamamatsu Photonic SystemsHarvard Apparatus, Inc.HEKA ElectronikIBMImprovisionInstrutech CorporationInteligent Imaging InnovationsIntracel Ltd.Invitrogen Life TechnologiesISSKinetic Systems, Inc.Kluwer Academic PublishersKodak Scientific Imaging SystemsLeica Microsystems Inc. ConfocalLeica Microsystems Inc.LI-COR Biosciences, IncLudlum MeasurementsMatTek CorporationMauna Kea Technologies, Inc.McBain InstrumentsMedia CyberneticsMicro Video Instruments, Inc.MicrosoftMiltenyi Biotec Inc.MIT PressMolecular Devices CorporationMolecular ProbesMWG BiotechMyNeuroLabNanodrop Technologies Inc.Narishige USA, Inc.National InstrumentsNeuralynx Inc.New England Biolabs Inc.Nikon, Inc. ConfocalNikon, Inc.Noldus Information Technology Inc.Olympus America Inc.Olympus America Inc. ConfocalOmega Optical, Inc.OptronicsO’REILLYPerkin Elmer Life and Analytical SciencesPhotometricsPhotonic InstrumentsPierce BiotechnologyPrentice HallPrior Scientific, Inc.Protech International, Inc.QIAGEN Inc.QIMAGINGQuest Scientific Instruments Inc.Red Shirt Imaging, LLCResearch Precision Instruments Co., Inc.Roche Applied ScienceSiskiyouShimadzu Scientific InstrumentsSinauer AssociatesSociety for Industrial and Applied MathSolamere Technology GroupSpringer PublishersStanford Photonics Inc.Sutter Instrument CompanyTech Imaging ServicesTechnical Manufacturing CorporationTgK Scientific LimitedThe Company of Biologists Ltd.The Vibratome CompanyThermo Electron Corp.TILL Photonics GmbHTucker-Davis TechnologiesTurner BioSystems Inc.Tyco HealthcareUltra-Lum MDB Analytical Associates, LLCUnisense A/SVARIAN Inc.Warner InstrumentsWaters Chromatography Div.Wescor, Inc.World Precision InstrumentsCarl Zeiss, Inc.Carl Zeiss ConfocalCarl Zeiss Imaging

108 governance & administrationgovernance and administrationtrustees & corporation officers 1CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESAlfred M. Zeien, The Gillette Co.VICE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEESGeorge W. Logan, Darden School, University of VirginiaPRESIDENT OF THE CORPORATIONJohn E. Dowling, Harvard UniversityDIRECTOR AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERWilliam T. Speck, MBL*TREASURER OF THE CORPORATIONMary B. Conrad, Fiduciary Trust International*CLERK OF THE CORPORATIONChristopher M. Weld, Sullivan and Worcester*CHAIRMAN OF THE SCIENCE COUNCILPaul J. De Weer, University of Pennsylvania*Class of 2006Robert Haselkorn, The University of ChicagoWilliam I. Huyett, McKinsey & Co. Inc.Walter E. Massey, Morehouse CollegeRonald P. O’Hanley, Mellon Institutional Asset ManagementJoan V. Ruderman, Harvard Medical SchoolVincent Ryan, Schooner Capital LLCAlfred M. Zeien, The Gillette Co.Class of 2007Thomas S. Crane; Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky & Popeo, PCGerald D. Fischbach, Columbia UniversityKurt J. Isselbacher, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer CenterM Howard Jacobson, Bankers Trust, Private BankDarcy B. Kelley, Columbia UniversityAmbrose K. Monell, G. Unger Vetlesen FoundationJean H. Pierce, Boca Grande, FLClass of 2008Richard B. DeWolfe, DeWolfe & Company LLCMark C. Fishman, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical ResearchKenneth E. Johns, Dart Neuroscience Limited PartnershipGeorge W. Logan, Darden School, University of VirginiaDouglas A. Melton, Harvard UniversityRobert A. Prendergast, Falmouth, MACharles M. Rosenthal, First Manhattan CompanyJohn W. Rowe, AETNA, Inc.James A. Sharp, Carl Zeiss MicroImaging, Inc.Class of 2009Bruce A. Beal, The Beal CompaniesMargaret Clowes Bowles, Lyme, NHPaul R. Dupee, Beverly Hills, CAR. Dana Ono, VIMAC Ventures LLCGerald Weissmann, New York University School of MedicineAnnette L. Williamson, Fort Worth, TXHONORARY TRUSTEESWilliam T. Golden, American Museum of Natural HistoryRobert E. Mainer, Wayland, MASheldon J. Segal, The Population Council

governance & administration 109ACADEMIC AFFAIRSPaul De Weer, Co-chair*Mark Fishman, Co-chairKurt IsselbacherDouglas MeltonVin RyanAnnette WilliamsonBill Beers, Chief AcademicScientific Officer**AUDIT COMMITTEEThomas Crane, ChairMary Conrad*Gerald FischbachRobert PrendergastHomer Lane, Chief Financial Officer*David McLean, Controller**CAMPUS PLANNINGBruce A. Beal, ChairMardi BowlesRobert HaselkornWalter MasseyJean PierceRichard Cutler, Director of Facilities,Services and Projects**FINANCE & INVESTMENT COMMITTEEMary Conrad, Chair*Paul DupeeAmbrose MonellRonald O’HanleyVincent RyanJoan RudermanJames SharpHomer Lane, Chief Financial Officer**NOMINATING/GOVERNANCE COMMITTEEJohn Rowe, ChairJohn Dowling*William HuyettGeorge LoganCharles RosenthalGerald WeissmannChristopher WeldAlfred ZeienCarol Pooser, Director of ExternalAffairs**1as of April 2006* ex officio** committee staffSCIENCE COUNCIL 1Susan R. BarryWilliam H. Beers*Catherine CarrEliezar Dawidowicz*Paul J. De Weer, ChairJohn E. Dowling*Barbara EhrlichDonald FaberAnne GiblinStephen L. HajdukTimothy J. MitchisonRudolf OldenbourgGaius ShaverWilliam T. Speck** ex officio1as of August 2005DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEEHoward Jacobson, ChairBruce A. BealJohn Dowling*Ken JohnsDarcy KelleyDana OnoJean PierceJames SharpGerry WeissmannChristopher WeldCarol Pooser, Director of ExternalAffairs**

110 governance & administrationcorporation membersLife Members of the CorporationDr. Edward A. Adelberg, New Haven, CTDr. Bjorn Afzelius (address unknown)Dr. Alan W. Bernheimer, New York University Medical Center(deceased 2006)Dr. Herman F. Bosch, Falmouth, MADr. F. J. Brinley, Jr., National Institutes of HealthDr. John B. Buck, Sykesville, MD (deceased 2005)Dr. Madeline P. Burbanck, Pionciana, FLDr. William D. Burbanck, Pionciana, FLDr. Mario H. Burgos, IHEM Medical School, ArgentinaDr. Alfred B. Chaet, Maitland, FLMr. James M. Clark, Palm Beach, FLDr. Maynard M. Cohen, Rush Medical CollegeDr. Seymour S. Cohen, Woods Hole, MADr. Jack R. Collier, Effie, LADr. Marjorie McCann Collier, Effie, LADr. Laura Hunter Colwin, Key Biscayne, FLDr. D. Eugene Copeland, Woods Hole, MADr. John O. Corliss, Bala Cynwyd, PADr. Helen M. Costello, Chapel Hill, NC (deceased 2005)Dr. Helen Crouse, Hayesville, NCDr. Nigel W. Daw, Branford, CTDr. Robert L. DeHaan, Emory University School of MedicineDr. Philip B. Dunham, Syracuse UniversityDr. Charles Edwards, New York, NYDr. Gerald F. Elliott, The Open University Research UnitDr. Patricia M. Failla, Johns Island, SCMr. Dennis Flanagan, New York, NY (deceased 2005)Dr. Donald T. Frazier, University of Kentucky Medical CenterDr. Mordecai L. Gabriel, Brooklyn CollegeMurray Glusman, M.D., New York State Psychiatric InstituteDr. Herbert Graham, Woods Hole, MADr. Howard L. Hamilton, University of VirginiaDr. Clifford V. Harding, Jr., Falmouth, MADr. Audrey E. V. Haschemeyer, Woods Hole, MAProf. Ruth Hubbard, Harvard UniversityDr. William D. Hummon, Ohio UniversityDr. W. Bruce Hunter, Peterborough, NHDr. Charles Hurwitz, Stratton VA Medical CenterDr. Hugh E. Huxley, Brandeis UniversityDr. George Katz, Sarasota, FLDr. John M. Kingsbury, Cornell UniversityDr. Kiyoshi Kusano, National Institutes of HealthMr. Ezra Laderman, Yale UniversityDr. Paul H. LaMarche, Husson CollegeDr. Max A. Lauffer, Pennsylvania State UniversityMedical CenterDr. Herbert Levitan, National Science FoundationDr. John H. Lochhead, Woods Hole, MADr. Birgit Rose Loewenstein, Falmouth, MADr. Frank A. Loewus, Washington State UniversityDr. Robert B. Loftfield, University of New MexicoDr. Laszlo Lorand, Northwestern University Medical SchoolDr. Robert E. Mainer, Wayland, MADr. Julian B. Marsh, Chestnut Hill, MAMr. Lowell V. Martin, Woods Hole, MADr. Rita W. Mathews, Southfield, MADr. Michael E. Mendelsohn, New England Medical CenterDr. Martin Mendelson, Portland, ORDr. John W. Moore, Duke University Medical CenterDr. Aron A. Moscona, New York, NYDr. X. J. Musacchia, Fayetteville, ARDr. Maimon Nasatir, Ojai, CADr. Leonard M. Passano, University of WisconsinDr. William T. W. Potts, University of LancasterDr. Carl A. Price, New Providence, NJDr. Margaret McDonald Prytz (address unknown)Dr. George T. Reynolds, Princeton University(deceased 2005)Dr. Robert V. Rice, Falmouth, MADr. Morris Rockstein, Coral Gables, FLDr. Priscilla F. Roslansky, Associates of Cape Cod, Inc.Dr. Jay S. Roth, Marshalltown, IA (deceased 2005)Dr. Hidemi Sato, Nagoya UniversityDr. Allan C. Scott, Colby CollegeDr. Arthur M. Silverstein, Johns Hopkins UniversityDr. Raymond A. Sjodin, Baltimore, MDMr. Paul F. Smith, Woods Hole, MADr. Abraham Spector, Columbia UniversityMr. John W. Speer, Portsmouth, RIDr. Nicholas Sperelakis, Cincinnati, OHDr. Evelyn Spiegel, Dartmouth CollegeDr. Melvin Spiegel, Dartmouth CollegeDr. Maurice Sussman, Falmouth, MADr. Raquel B. Sussman, MBLMrs. Gwen P. Szent-Gyorgyi, Woods Hole, MAMr. W. Nicholas Thorndike, Wellington ManagementCompanyDr. Walter S. Vincent, Woods Hole, MADr. Talbot H. Waterman, Yale UniversityDr. Roland L. Wigley, Woods Hole, MADr. Lon A. Wilkens, University of MissouriDr. Paul Witkovsky, New York University Medical CenterCorporation MembersDr. Donald A. Abt, University of Pennsylvania School ofVeterinary MedicineDr. James A. Adams, Tallahassee, FLDr. William J. Adelman, Jr., Falmouth, MADr. Daniel L. Alkon, Rockefeller Neuroscience InstituteDr. Garland E. Allen, Washington UniversityDr. Nina Stromgren Allen, North Carolina State UniversityDr. Mark C. Alliegro, Louisiana State University MedicalCenterDr. Everett Anderson, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. John M. Anderson, Ithaca, NYDr. Porter W. Anderson, Jr., Key Largo, FLProf. Clay M. Armstrong, University of Pennsylvania Schoolof MedicineMrs. Ellen Prosser Armstrong, Woods Hole, MADr. Peter B. Armstrong, University of CaliforniaMr. Robert W. Ashton, The Bay and Paul FoundationsDr. Jelle Atema, Boston University Marine Program, MBLDr. George J. Augustine, Duke University Medical Center

governance & administration 111Dr. Baccio Baccetti, University of Sienna, ItalyDr. Robert G. Baker, New York University Medical CenterDr. David Baltimore, California Institute of TechnologyDr. Robert B. Barlow, Jr., SUNY Upstate Medical UniversityDr. Daniel T. Barry, South Hadley, MADr. Susan R. Barry, Mount Holyoke CollegeDr. Andrew H. Bass, Cornell UniversityDr. Barbara-Anne Battelle, University of FloridaMr. Frederick Bay, The Bay and Paul FoundationsDr. Elaine L. Bearer, Brown UniversityDr. John M. Beatty, University of MinnesotaDr. Luis Alberto Beauge, Instituto de Investigacion Medica,ArgentinaDr. William H. Beers, MBLDr. Eugene Bell, TEI Biosciences Inc.Dr. Thomas L. Benjamin, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Michael V. L. Bennett, Albert Einstein College ofMedicineDr. Miriam F. Bennett, Colby CollegeDr. R. Suzanne Bennett, Albert Einstein College of MedicineProf. Dwight E. Bergles, Johns Hopkins UniversityDr. Suzanne T. Berlin, Dana Farber Cancer InstituteMr. Norman Bernstein, Bernstein Management CorporationDr. Francisco Bezanilla, Health Science CenterDr. John D. Biggers, Lexington, MADr. Stephen H. Bishop, Ames, IADr. George S. Bloom, University of Texas SouthwesternMedical CenterDr. Kerry S. Bloom, University of North CarolinaDr. David A. Bodznick, Wesleyan UniversityDr. Edward G. Boettiger, Rochester, VTDr. Richard A. Boolootian, Sherman Oaks, CADr. Seth Bordenstein, MBLDr. Thomas A. Borgese, Lehman College, CUNY(deceased 2005)Dr. David W. Borst, Jr., University of Central FloridaDr. Francis P. Bowles, Lyme, NHDr. Barbara C. Boyer, Union CollegeDr. Bruce P. Brandhorst, Simon Fraser UniversityDr. Stephen C. Brown, SUNY at AlbanyDr. Carole L. Browne, Wake Forest University Schoolof MedicineDr. Robert A. Browne, Wake Forest University Schoolof MedicineDr. Anne C. Bucklin, University of New HampshireDr. Max M. Burger, Novartis International AGDr. David R. Burgess, Boston CollegeDr. John E. Burris, Beloit CollegeDr. Harold L. Burstyn, Syracuse UniversityDr. Joseph Buxbaum, Mount Sinai School of MedicineDr. Ronald L. Calabrese, Emory UniversityDr. R. Andrew Cameron, California Institute of TechnologyMr. Richard H. Campbell, Bang-Campbell AssociatesDr. Graciela C. Candelas, University of Puerto RicoDr. Lucio Cariello, Stazione Zoologica “A. Dohrn”, ItalyDr. Catherine Emily Carr, University of MarylandProf. James F. Case, University of CaliforniaDr. Donald L.D. Caspar, Florida State UniversityFather Joseph D. Cassidy, O.P., Ph.D., Providence CollegeDr. Colleen M. Cavanaugh, Harvard UniversityDr. Edward L. Chambers, University of Miami Schoolof MedicineDr. Donald C. Chang, Hong Kong University of Science andTechnology, Hong KongDr. Richard L. Chappell, Hunter CollegeDr. Frank M. Child, Woods Hole, MADr. Rex Leslie Chisholm, Northwestern UniversityDr. Elena Citkowitz, Hospital of St. RaphaelDr. David E. Clapham, Children’s HospitalDr. Eloise E. Clark, Bowling Green State UniversityMr. Hays Clark, Hobe Sound, FLDr. Alexander W. Clowes, University of WashingtonDr. Jewel Plummer Cobb, Maplewood, NJDr. Carolyn Cohen, Brandeis UniversityDr. Lawrence B. Cohen, Yale University School of MedicineDr. William D. Cohen, Hunter CollegeDr. Annette W. Coleman, Brown UniversityDr. Paul Colinvaux, MBLDr. R. John Collier, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. James P. Collins, Arizona State UniversityDr. D. Wesley Corson, Jr., Storm Eye InstituteDr. Jeffrey T. Corwin, University of Virginia, School ofMedicineDr. Ernest F. Couch, Texas Christian UniversityDr. Rachel Llanelly Cox, MBLThomas S. Crane, Esq., Mintz Levin Cohn Ferris Glovsky& Popeo, P.C.Dr. Karen Crawford, St. Mary’s College of MarylandDr. Terry J. Crow, University of Texas Medical SchoolDr. Robert J. Crowther, Shriners Hospitals for ChildrenMr. Richard D. Cutler, MBLDr. Eric H. Davidson, California Institute of TechnologyDr. Jonathan H. Davis, EMD-Lexigen Research CenterDr. Daniel B. Davison, Morrisville, PADr. Lenny A. Dawidowicz, MBLDr. Paul J. De Weer, University of PennsylvaniaDr. Linda A. Deegan, MBLDr. Joe DeGiorgis, NIHDr. Robert C. DeGroof, Ambit Biosciences CorporationDr. Martha Bridge Denckla, Johns Hopkins UniversityDr. Douglas W. DeSimone, University of VirginiaDr. Wolf-Dietrich Dettbarn, Nashville, TNDr. Vincent E. Dionne, Boston UniversityDr. John E. Dowling, Harvard UniversityDr. Arthur Brooks DuBois, John B. Pierce FoundationLaboratoryDr. Thomas K. Duncan, Nichols CollegeDr. William R. Eckberg, Howard UniversityDr. Kenneth T. Edds, bioMerieuxDr. Barbara E. Ehrlich, Yale UniversityDr. Arthur Z. Eisen, Washington UniversityDr. Herman N. Eisen, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDr. Hugh Young Elder, University of Glasgow, ScotlandDr. Paul T. Englund, Johns Hopkins Medical SchoolDr. David Epel, Stanford UniversityDr. Herman T. Epstein, Woods Hole, MAMr. Ray L. Epstein, Centerville, MDProf. Donald Faber, Albert Einstein College of MedicineDr. David H. Farb, Boston University School of MedicineDr. A. Verdi Farmanfarmaian, Princeton, NJDr. Richard R. Fay, Loyola University of ChicagoDr. Barry William Festoff, VA Medical CenterDr. Rachel D. Fink, Mount Holyoke CollegeDr. Alan Finkelstein, Albert Einstein College of MedicineDr. Gerald D. Fischbach, Columbia University Medical CenterDr. Harvey M. Fishman, University of Texas Medical BranchDr. Richard Allen Fluck, Franklin & Marshall CollegeDr. Kenneth H. Foreman, MBLDr. Thomas O. Fox, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Clara Franzini-Armstrong, University of PennsylvaniaDr. Scott Fraser, California Institute of TechnologyDr. Kathleen A. French, University of California, San DiegoDr. Robert J. French, University of CalgaryDr. Chandler M. Fulton, Brandeis UniversityDr. Barbara C. Furie, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterDr. Bruce Furie, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterDr. Edwin J. Furshpan, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Robert P. Futrelle, Northeastern UniversityDr. Howaida Gabr, Suez Canal UniversityDr. David C. Gadsby, The Rockefeller UniversityDr. Harold Gainer, National Institutes of HealthDr. Robert M. Galatzer-Levy, Chicago, ILDr. Joseph G. Gall, Carnegie InstitutionDr. Michael A. Gallo, UMDNJ-Robert Wood JohnsonMedical SchoolDr. Rita A. Garrick, Fordham UniversityDr. Alan Gelperin, Monell Chemical Senses CenterDr. James L. German, III, Weill Medical College of CornellUniversityDr. Martin Gibbs, Brandeis UniversityDr. Anne E. Giblin, MBLDr. Prosser Gifford, Washington, DCProf. Giovanni Giudice, Palermo, ItalyDr. Antonio Giuditta, Universita di Napoli “Federico II”, ItalyDr. Makoto Goda, Kyoto University, JapanMr. William T. Golden, Chairman Emeritus, AmericanMuseum of Natural HistoryDr. Robert D. Goldman, Northwestern University MedicalSchoolDr. Paul K. Goldsmith, National Institutes of HealthDr. Timothy H. Goldsmith, Yale UniversityDr. Moise H. Goldstein, Jr., Woods Hole, MADr. Robert Michael Gould, Chicago, ILMr. Dick Grace, Doreen Grace FundDr. Werner M. Graf, College of France, FranceDr. Philip Grant, National Institutes of HealthDr. Judith P. Grassle, Rutgers UniversityDr. Katherine Graubard, University of WashingtonDr. William N. Green, University of ChicagoDr. Michael J. Greenberg, The Whitney Laboratory, Universityof FloridaDr. Robert M. Greenberg, MBLDr. Mary Dalton Greer, Cambridge, MADr. Albert Grossman, New York University Medical CenterDr. Lawrence Grossman, The Johns Hopkins University(deceased 2006)Dr. Yosef Gruenbaum, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem,IsraelDr. John A. Gruner, Cephalon, Inc.Dr. G. Francis Gwilliam, Reed CollegeDr. Leah T. Haimo, University of CaliforniaDr. Stephen L. Hajduk, MBLDr. Tatsuji Haneji, The University of Tokushima, JapanDr. Roger T. Hanlon, MBLJune F. Harrigan, Ph.D., Honolulu, HIDr. John P. Harrington, SUNY at New PaltzDr. Stephen C. Harrison, Harvard UniversityDr. Robert Haselkorn, University of Chicago

112 governance & administrationDr. Gal Haspel, Massachusetts General Hospital CancerCenterDr. J. Woodland Hastings, Harvard UniversityDr. Raymond L. Hayes, Jr., Howard UniversityDr. Diane E. Heck, Rutgers UniversityDr. Jonathan Joseph Henry, University of IllinoisDr. Peter K. Hepler, University of MassachusettsDr. Walter R. Herndon, University of TennesseeProf. Avram Hershko, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology,IsraelDr. Theodore T. Herskovits, Fordham UniversityDr. Howard H. Hiatt, Brigham and Women’s HospitalDr. Stephen M. Highstein, Washington University Schoolof MedicineDr. John G. Hildebrand, University of ArizonaDr. Richard W. Hill, Michigan State UniversityDr. Robert B. Hill, University of Rhode IslandDr. Susan D. Hill, Michigan State UniversityDr. Llewellya W. Hillis, MBLDr. Michael Hines, Yale University School of MedicineDr. Gregory J. Hinkle, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDr. Gertrude W. Hinsch, University of South FloridaDr. John E. Hobbie, MBLDr. Joseph F. Hoffman, Yale University School of MedicineDr. George G. Holz, IV, New York University Medical CenterDr. Charles S. Hopkinson, Jr., MBLDr. James C. Houk, Northwestern University Medical SchoolDr. Alice S. Huang, California Institute of TechnologyDr. Linda A. Hufnagel-Zackroff, University of Rhode IslandDr. Susie H. Humphreys, Food and Drug AdministrationDr. Tom Humphreys, University of HawaiiDr. Tim Hunt, Cancer Research UKDr. Robert D. Hunter, Oakland UniversityDr. Nicholas A. Ingoglia, New Jersey Medical SchoolDr. Saduyki Inoué, McGill UniversityDr. Shinya Inoué, MBLDr. Kurt J. Isselbacher, Massachusetts General HospitalCancer CenterDr. Marietta Radovic Issidorides, Theodor Theohari CozzikaFoundation, GreeceDr. Colin S. Izzard, SUNY – AlbanyDr. Allan S. Jacobson, University of MassachusettsMedical SchoolDr. Laurinda A. Jaffe, University of Connecticut HealthCenterDr. Lionel Jaffe, MBLDr. William R. Jeffery, University of MarylandDr. Daniel Johnston, Baylor College of MedicineDr. Teresa L.Z. Jones, National Institutes of DiabetesDr. Robert K. Josephson, University of CaliforniaDr. Sung-Kwon Jung, Bayer Health Care LLCDr. Leonard K. Kaczmarek, Yale University School ofMedicineDr. Gabor Kaley, New York Medical CollegeDr. Jane C. Kaltenbach-Townsend, Mount Holyoke CollegeDr. Edna S. Kaneshiro, University of CincinnatiDr. Ehud Kaplan, Mount Sinai School of MedicineDr. Stephen J. Karakashian, Milwaukie, ORDr. Arthur Karlin, Columbia UniversityDr. Morris John Karnovsky, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Evelyn F. Keller, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyDr. Darcy B. Kelley, Columbia UniversityDr. Robert E. Kelly, Woods Hole, MADr. Norman E. Kemp, University of MichiganMr. John P. Kendall, Faneuil Hall AssociatesDr. Louis M. Kerr, MBLDr. Alexander Keynan, Israel Academy of Sciences andHumanities, IsraelDr. Shahid M. M. Khan, Molecular Biology ConsortiumDr. Kamran Khodakhah, Albert Einstein College of MedicineDr. Daniel P. Kiehart, Duke UniversityDr. Irving M. Klotz, Northwestern University (deceased2005)Mr. Robert A. Knudson, Port Townsend, WASir Hans Kornberg, Boston UniversityDr. Edward M. Kosower, Tel-Aviv University, IsraelDr. Stephen M. Krane, Massachusetts General HospitalDr. Robert Krauss, Denton, MDDr. Edward A. Kravitz, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. William B. Kristan, Jr., University of California, San DiegoDr. Andrew M. Kropinski, Queen’s University, CanadaDr. Damien P. Kuffler, Institute of NeurobiologyDr. William J. Kuhns, The Hospital for Sick Children, CanadaDr. Joseph G. Kunkel, University of MassachusettsDr. Alan M. Kuzirian, MBLDr. Aimlee D. Laderman, MBLDr. Eileen Lafer, University of Texas Health Science CenterDr. Laurie J. Landeau, Listowel, Inc.Dr. Dennis M. D. Landis, University Hospital of ClevelandDr. Story C. Landis, National Institutes of HealthDr. David Landowne, University of MiamiDr. George M. Langford, Dartmouth CollegeDr. Jeffrey Laskin, University of Medicine and Dentistryof New JerseyDr. Nechama Lasser-Ross, New York Medical CollegeDr. Leonard Laster, University of MassachusettsMedical SchoolDr. Alan Laties, Scheie Eye InstituteDr. Hans Laufer, University of ConnecticutDr. Paul B. Lazarow, Mount Sinai School of MedicineDr. Edward R. Leadbetter, University of ConnecticutDr. Joshua Lederberg, The Rockefeller UniversityDr. John J. Lee, City College of CUNYMr. Donald B. Lehy, North Falmouth, MADr. Stephen B. Leighton, Silver Spring, MDDr. Aaron B. Lerner, Yale University School of MedicineDr. Jack Levin, University of California School of MedicineDr. Michael S. Levine, University of CaliforniaDr. Richard B. Levine, University of ArizonaDr. Francoise Levinthal, Columbia UniversityProf. Irwin B. Levitan, University of Pennsylvania Schoolof MedicineDr. Richard W. Linck, University of Minnesota Schoolof MedicineDr. Raymond J. Lipicky, Food and Drug AdministrationDr. John E. Lisman, Brandeis UniversityDr. Anthony Liuzzi, Boston, MADr. Rodolfo R. Llinas, New York University Medical CenterDr. Phillip S. Lobel, Boston University Marine Program, MBLDr. Werner R. Loewenstein, Falmouth, MADr. Irving M. London, Harvard-Massachusetts Instituteof TechnologyDr. Frank J. Longo, University of IowaDr. Louise M. Luckenbill, Falmouth, MADr. Issei Mabuchi, University of TokyoDr. Jeffrey Magee, Louisiana State University MedicalCenterDr. Jane Ann Maienschein, Arizona State UniversityDr. Craig C. Malbon, State University of New YorkDr. Robert P. Malchow, Oak Park, ILDr. Richard S. Manalis, Indiana-Purdue UniversityDr. Lynn Margulis, University of MassachusettsDr. Andrew C. Marinucci, Mercerville, NJDr. Joe L. Martinez, Jr., University of TexasDr. Luigi Mastroianni, Jr., Hospital of University ofPennsylvaniaDr. David Mauzerall, Rockefeller UniversityDr. M. Lynne McAnelly, University of TexasDr. Andrew G. McArthur, MBLDr. Frances V. McCann Murray, Dartmouth Medical SchoolDr. Edwin McCleskey, Oregon Health Sciences UniversityMs. Jane A. McLaughlin, Woods Hole, MADr. Robert F. McMahon, University of TexasDr. Thomas Meedel, Rhode Island CollegeProf. Ian A. Meinertzhagen, Dalhousie University, CanadaDr. Dennis E. Meiss, Immunodiagnostic LaboratoriesDr. Jerry M. Melillo, MBLDr. DeForest Mellon, Jr., University of VirginiaMr. Richard P. Mellon, Laughlintown, PADr. Allen F. Mensinger, University of MinnesotaDr. Melanie Pratt Merriman, Touchstone ConsultingDr. Matthew S. Meselson, Harvard UniversityDr. Ricardo Miledi, University of California, IrvineDr. Roger D. Milkman, University of IowaDr. Andrew L. Miller, Hong Kong University of Science andTechnology, Hong KongDr. Ralph Mitchell, Harvard UniversityDr. Timothy Mitchison, Harvard University Medical SchoolDr. Hiroyoshi Miyakawa, Tokyo College of Pharmacy, JapanDr. David M. Miyamoto, Drew UniversityDr. Merle Mizell, Tulane UniversityDr. Jorge E. Moreira, University of San PauloDr. Jennifer Morgan, Yale University School of MedicineDr. Leyla deToledo-Morrell, Rush-Presbyterian-St. LukesDr. Hilary Morrison, MBLDr. Stephen S. Morse, Columbia UniversityDr. Andrew W. Murray, Harvard UniversityDr. Ronald L. Nagel, Albert Einstein College of MedicineDr. Yasuko Nakajima, University of Illinois, College ofMedicineDr. Toshio Narahashi, Northwestern University MedicalSchoolDr. Enrico Nasi, Boston University School of MedicineDr. Christopher Neill, MBLMargaret C. Nelson, Ph.D., Cornell UniversityDr. Peter A. Nickerson, SUNY at BuffaloDr. Santo V. Nicosia, University of South FloridaDr. Rae Nishi, University of VermontMs. Catherine N. Norton, MBL

governance & administration 113Dr. Ana Lia Obaid, University of Pennsylvania School ofMedicineMr. Jonathan O’Herron, Lazard Freres & CompanyDr. Shinpei Ohki, SUNY at BuffaloDr. Rudolf Oldenbourg, MBLDr. James L. Olds, George Mason UniversityDr. Ada L. Olins, Bowdoin CollegeDr. Donald E. Olins, Bowdoin CollegeDr. James L. Oschman, Dover, NHDr. Robert E. Palazzo, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteDr. John D. Palmer, University of MassachusettsDr. Harish C. Pant, National Institutes of HealthDr. George D. Pappas, University of IllinoisDr. Arthur B. Pardee, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteDr. Rosevelt L. Pardy, University of NebraskaDr. James L. Parmentier, International Health OrganizationDr. David J. Patterson, MBLDr. Thoru Pederson, University of Massachusetts MedicalCenterDr. Philip Person, Flushing, NYDr. Bruce J. Peterson, MBLDr. Ronald Pethig, University College of North WalesDr. Ronald J. Pfohl, Miami UniversityDr. Sidney K. Pierce, Jr., University of South FloridaDr. David E. Pleasure, Shriners Hospital for ChildrenDr. Jeanne S. Poindexter, Barnard College, ColumbiaUniversityDr. Harvey B. Pollard, U.S.U.H.S.Dr. Thomas D. Pollard, Yale UniversityDr. Beverly H. Porter, Columbia, MDDr. Mary E. Porter, University of MinnesotaDr. David D. Potter, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Maureen K. Powers, San Pablo, CADr. Robert A. Prendergast, Johns Hopkins UniversityDr. David J. Prior, University of Virginia’s College at WiseDr. Robert D. Prusch, Gonzaga UniversityDr. Dale Purves, Duke University Medical CenterDr. James P. Quigley, The Scripps Research InstituteMr. Irving W. Rabb, Cambridge, MADr. Michael B. Rabinowitz, Bristol, RIDr. Robert F. Rakowski, Ohio UniversityDr. Edward B. Rastetter, MBLDr. Stephen Redenti, Hunter CollegeDr. Thomas S. Reese, National Institutes of HealthDr. Paul Rhodes, New York University Medical SchoolDr. Frederick R. Rickles, FASEBDr. Conly L. Rieder, Wadsworth CenterDr. Monica Riley, MBLDr. Harris Ripps, University of Illinois at ChicagoDr. Lawrence C. Rome, University of PennsylvaniaDr. Jack Rosenbluth, New York University School ofMedicineDr. Allan Rosenfield, Columbia University School ofPublic HealthDr. William N. Ross, New York Medical CollegeMr. Rudi Rottenfusser, Carl Zeiss, Inc.Dr. Lewis P. Rowland, Neurological InstituteDr. Joan V. Ruderman, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. John D. Rummel, NASA HeadquartersDr. Norman B. Rushforth, Case Western Reserve UniversityDr. William D. Russell-Hunter, Easton, MD (deceased 2005)Dr. Mary Beth Saffo, Harvard UniversityDr. Alvaro Sagasti, University of California, Los AngelesDr. Guy Salama, University of PittsburghDr. Edward D. Salmon, University of North CarolinaDr. Abigail Salyers, University of IllinoisProf. Brian M. Salzberg, University of Pennsylvania Schoolof MedicineDr. Jean M. Sanger, University of Pennsylvania Schoolof MedicineDr. Joseph W. Sanger, University of Pennsylvania Schoolof MedicineDr. John W. Saunders, Jr., Falmouth, MAProf. Howard K. Schachman, University of CaliforniaDr. Gerald P. Schatten, Pittsburgh Development CenterDr. Herbert Schuel, SUNY at BuffaloDr. Lawrence Schwartz, University of MassachusettsDr. A. Nicola Schweitzer, Brookline, MADr. Felix E. Schweizer, University of California, Los AngelesDr. Sheldon J. Segal, The Population CouncilDr. Stephen Lamont Senft, Woods Hole, MADr. Douglas R. Shanklin, University of TennesseeDr. Victor E. Shashoua, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Gaius R. Shaver, MBLDr. Michael P. Sheetz, Columbia UniversityDr. David Sheprow, Boston UniversityDr. Irwin W. Sherman, University of CaliforniaDr. Osamu Shimomura, Falmouth, MAMr. Alan M. Shipley, Forestdale, MADr. Robert B. Silver, Wayne State UniversityDr. Eric J. Simon, New York University Medical CenterDr. Kathleen K. Siwicki, Swarthmore CollegeDr. Roger D. Sloboda, Dartmouth CollegeDr. Greenfield Sluder, University of MassachusettsMedical CenterDr. Peter J.S. Smith, MBLDr. Stephen J. Smith, Stanford University School of MedicineDr. Roxanna S. Smolowitz, MBLDr. Daphne F. Soares, University of MarylandDr. Mitchell L. Sogin, MBLDr. William T. Speck, MBLDr. John H. Steele, Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Antoinette Steinacker, University of Puerto RicoDr. Malcolm S. Steinberg, Princeton UniversityDr. Andreas C. Stemmer, Institut fuer Robotik, SwitzerlandProf. Johan Stenflo, M.D., Ph.D., University of Lund, SwedenMr. Paul A. Steudler, MBLDr. Darrell R. Stokes, Emory UniversityDr. Elijah W. Stommel, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical CenterDr. Alfred Stracher, SUNY Health Science Center at BrooklynDr. Felix Strumwasser, Ponte Vedra, FLDr. Ann E. Stuart, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillDr. Mutsuyuki Sugimori, New York University MedicalCenterDr. Carol L. Suitor, MBLDr. William C. Summers, Western Washington UniversityDr. Kathy A. Suprenant, University of KansasDr. Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi, Brandeis UniversityDr. Sidney L. Tamm, Boston UniversityDr. Marvin L. Tanzer, Tucson, AZDr. Ichiji Tasaki, National Institutes of HealthDr. Edwin W. Taylor, University of ChicagoDr. William H. Telfer, Falmouth, MADr. Bruce Telzer, Pomona CollegeDr. James G. Townsel, Meharry Medical CollegeDr. David M. Travis, Shrewsbury, MADr. Steven N. Treistman, University of MassachusettsMedical CenterDr. James Trimarchi, Women and Infants Hospital ofRhode IslandDr. Walter Troll, NYU Medical CenterDr. Robert F. Troxler, Boston University School of MedicineDr. Kenyon S. Tweedell, University of Notre DameDr. Mark L. Tykocinski, Shaker Heights, OHProf. Michael Tytell, Wake Forest University, School ofMedicineDr. Ivan Valiela, Boston University Marine Program, MBLMr. John J. Valois, Woods Hole, MADr. Cindy Lee Van Dover, The College of William and MaryDr. Kensal E. van Holde, Oregon State UniversityDr. Judith M. Venuti, LSU Medical CenterDr. Patricia Wadsworth, University of MassachusettsDr. Norman R. Wainwright, MBLDr. Byron H. Waksman, New York University Medical CenterDr. Betty Wall, Woods Hole, MADr. Lawrence J. Wangh, Brandeis UniversityDr. Robert C. Warner, Laguna Beach, CA (deceased 2005)Dr. Leonard Warren, Wistar InstituteDr. John B. Waterbury, Woods Hole OceanographicInstitutionDr. Stephen G. Waxman, Yale Medical SchoolDr. Annemarie Weber, University of Pennsylvania Schoolof MedicineDr. Janis C. Weeks, University of OregonDr. Earl Weidner, Louisiana State UniversityDr. Alice Sara Weiss, Silver Spring, MDDr. Dieter G. Weiss, University of Rostock, GermanyDr. Leon P. Weiss, University of Pennsylvania School ofVeterinary MedicineDr. Marisa C. Weiss, Paoli Memorial HospitalDr. Gerald Weissmann, New York University Medical CenterDr. David Mark Welch, MBLDr. Monte Westerfield, University of OregonDr. J. Richard Whittaker, University of New BrunswickDr. Torsten N. Wiesel, The Rockefeller UniversityDr. John T. Williams, Oregon Health Sciences UniversityDr. Darcy B. Wilson, Torrey Pines InstituteDr. T. Hastings Wilson, Harvard Medical SchoolDr. Beatrice Wittenberg, Albert Einstein College of MedicineDr. Jonathan B. Wittenberg, Albert Einstein College ofMedicineDr. William F. Wonderlin, West Virginia UniversityDr. Mary Kate Worden, University of VirginiaDr. Chau Hsiung Wu, Northwestern University MedicalSchoolDr. Charles R. Wyttenbach, University of KansasDr. Harold H. Zakon, University of TexasDr. Seymour Zigman, Falmouth, MADr. Michael J. Zigmond, University of PittsburghDr. Joshua J. Zimmerberg, National Institutes of HealthDr. Steven J. Zottoli, Williams College

114 governance & administrationcouncil of visitorsThe purpose of the Council of Visitors is to increase awarenessof the MBL and to inform members about the institution’s broadrange of research and educational activities. COV members serve asambassadors and help raise the visibility of the MBL.Mr. and Mrs. Douglas F. AllisonAllison-Fisher InternationalBloomfield Hills, MichiganMrs. Elizabeth Heald ArthurWicker Tree CateringNorth Falmouth, MassachusettsMr. Robert W. AshtonThe Bay and Paul FoundationsNew York, New YorkMr. David BakalarChestnut Hill, MassachusettsSumner A. Barenberg, Ph.D.Bernard TechnologiesChicago, IllinoisMr. Mel BarkanThe Barkan CompaniesBoston, MassachusettsMr. Frederick BayThe Bay and Paul FoundationsNew York, New YorkMr. George BerkowitzLegal Sea FoodsBoston, MassachusettsMr. and Mrs. Nathaniel J. BickfordWindels Marx Lane Lane & Mittendorf, LLPNew York, New YorkDr. Elkan R. BloutHarvard Medical SchoolCambridge, MassachusettsDr. Goodwin M. BreininNew York University Medical CenterNew York, New YorkMr. Murray H. BringNew York, New YorkMr. and Mrs. Michael BronnerThe Bronner Charitable FoundationBrookline, MassachusettsMrs. Elizabeth CampanellaWest Falmouth, MassachusettsMr. and Mrs. Malcolm CampbellMontclair, New JerseyMs. Bernice CramerNewton, MassachusettsDr. Stephen D. CrockerShinkuro, Inc.Washington, District of ColumbiaMr. Michael J. CroninCognition CorporationBedford, MassachusettsDr. Anthony J. CutaiaScience Source Consulting, LLCBallwin, MissouriDr. Charles A. Di CeccaSomerville, MassachusettsMr. Diarmaid Douglas-HamiltonHamilton Thorne BiosciencesBeverly, MassachusettsMr. Michael Fenlon and Ms. Linda SallopNathan Sallop Insurance Agency, Inc.Boston, MassachusettsMs. Sallie A. GiffenFalmouth, MassachusettsMs. Penelope HareWest Falmouth, MassachusettsDr. Thomas R. Hedges, Jr.Moorestown, New JerseyMr. Charles HunterKessinger Hunter & CompanyKansas City, MissouriMr. Thomas J. Hynes, Jr.Meredith and Grew, Inc.Boston, MassachusettsMrs. Mary D. JanneyWashington, D.C.Ms. Barbara W. JonesBarbara Wool Jones Designer/BuilderFalmouth, MassachusettsMr. and Mrs. A. Sidney Knowles, Jr.Raleigh, North CarolinaMs. Ellyn V. KorzunGoldman, Sachs & CompanyNew York, New YorkMr. and Mrs. Robert P. LambrechtBoca Grande, FloridaMrs. Nancy N. LassalleNew York, New YorkCatherine C. Lastavica, M.D.Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MassachusettsDr. and Mrs. Leonard LasterWoods Hole, Massachusetts

governance & administration 115Council of Visitors MeetingJune 17, 2005The Biology, Ethics, and Politics ofStem Cell Research“The Science of Stem Cells”Dr. Carrie Wolinetz, Federation of AmericanSocieties for Experimental Biology“Stem Cell Research at the MBL:Hearing Loss, Hair Cells, and the Promiseof Adult Stem Cells”Dr. Stefan Heller, Harvard University; MBLSummer Investigator“Making Sense of the Moral Muddleover Stem Cell Research”Dr. Thomas H. Murray, The Hastings Center“The Politics of Stem Cell Research:A Journalist’s Perspective”Mr. Gareth Cook, 2005 Pulitzer Prize Winner,The Boston GlobeDr. Anna Logan LawsonDaleville, VirginiaMr. Joel A. LeavittBoston, MassachusettsMrs. J. K. Lilly, IIIWest Falmouth, MassachusettsMr. Richard LipkinCommerce Health VenturesNew York, New YorkMr. Michael T. MartinNew York, New YorkMr. and Mrs. Michael MeehanWilliamstown, MassachusettsMr. David R. PalmerDavid Ross Palmer ConsultantsWaquoit, MassachusettsMr. and Mrs. Joseph PellegrinoBoston, MassachusettsMrs. Nancy PendletonFalmouth, MassachusettsMr. Robert W. Pierce, Jr.Pierce Aluminum Co.Canton, MassachusettsMr. Daniel L. PimentalCredit Suisse First BostonBoston, MassachusettsMr. Marius A. RobinsonFundamental Investors LTDKey Biscayne, FloridaMr. Edward S. RowlandTucker Anthony, Inc.Boston, MassachusettsMr. Andrew E. SabinSabin Metal CorporationEast Hampton, New YorkMr. and Mrs. Walter J. SalmonLincoln, MassachusettsMrs. Mary Louise SchmidekPeacham, VermontDr. Cecily C. SelbyNew York, New YorkMr. Joseph T. Stewart, Jr.Skillman, New JerseyMr. Richard H. StoweCapital CounselNew York, New YorkMr. Gerard L. SwopeWoods Hole, MassachusettsMr. John Franklin SwopeConcord, MassachusettsMr. Samuel ThorneThorne Trading CompanyBoston, MassachusettsMrs. Karen TierneyWellesley, MassachusettsMrs. Donna Vanden Bosch-FlynnSpring Lake, New JerseyMs. Rosalind C. WhiteheadNew York, New YorkMrs. Annette L. WilliamsonFort Worth, Texas

116 governance & administrationadministrative support staff 1SENIOR STAFFWilliam T. Speck, Director and Chief Executive OfficerMary Beckwith 1 , Director of Housing and ConferencesWilliam Beers, Chief Academic and Scientific OfficerRichard Cutler, Director of Facilities and ServicesE. A. Dawidowicz, Director of EducationSusan Goux, Director of Human ResourcesPamela Clapp Hinkle, Director of Communicationsand Public AffairsHomer Lane, Chief Financial OfficerCatherine Norton, Director of the MBLWHOI LibraryCarol Pooser, Director of External AffairsWilliam Villineau 1 , Director of Housing and ConferencesBIOCURRENTS RESEARCH CENTERVan Mooy, Tiffany J.BIOLOGICAL BULLETINGreenberg, Michael J. 1 , Editor-in-ChiefOlds, James 1 , Editor-in-ChiefHinkle, Pamela Clapp, Managing EditorGibson, Victoria R.Reuter, LauraSchachinger, Carol H.THE ECOSYSTEMS CENTERBerthel, Dorothy J.Donovan, Suzanne J.Holzworth, KellyScanlon, DeborahSeifert, Mary AnnEXTERNAL AFFAIRSPooser, Carol, DirectorButcher, ValerieGeorge, MaryGrauerholz-Zuck, Mary 2Johnson, A. KristineKing, WendyLaw, Daniel 2Patch-Wing, DoloresSchaefer, Patrick 1Shaw, Kathleen L.Sylvia, Barbara A.Associates ProgramJoslin, SusanAndrade, Judith 2Renna, Laurie 2Communications and Public AffairsHinkle, Pamela Clapp, DirectorArmstrong, Bronwen 2Early, AndreaGallagher, DavidHebert, GinaLiles, Beth R.Peters, Steven 1Sadoff, Kelsey 2Westburg, Amy 2FINANCIAL SERVICESLane, Jr., Homer W., Chief Financial OfficerMcLean, David, ControllerMullen, Richard J., Manager, Research AdministrationAguiar, DeborahBlegen, NancyBurbank, Barbara 1Bull, ElizabethCoughlan, CarolCrosby, KennethDonovan (Zwirner), HeidiNewman, MelissaSolchenberger, CarolynStock RoomGarland, Alison 2Ruchie, Warren 2Schorer, Timothy M.PurchasingHall Jr., Lionel E., SupervisorHunt, Lisa M.Sylvia, Christopher 2HOUSING AND CONFERENCESBeckwith, Mary M. 1 , DirectorVillineau, William 1 , DirectorGrasso, DeborahLivingstone, SuzanneMacDonald, Cynthia C.Oldham, PamelaStackhouse, BarbaraWagner, Carol 1HousekeepingBarnes, Susan M.Barry, Helen 2Berrios, JessicaBurgess, Matthew 2Chen, Zhi XinHannigan, CatherineLuby, MaryMcNamara, Noreen M.Santiago, CrystalShum, Mei WahSpuhler, Kimberly 2Wagner, Julia 2HUMAN RESOURCESGoux, Susan P., DirectorHouser, CarmenMacNeil, Jane L.MacSwain, Margaret 1Schmidt, Cathleen 1Satellite/Periwinkle Children’s ProgramsLane, Mary H. 2 , Camp DirectorCannon, Nicole 2Carson, Maggie 2Fogel, Jennifer 2Houser, Serena 2Kent, Meghan 2Langill, Susan 2Law, Daniel 2Livingstone, Cori 2McGonagle, Matthew 2O’Connell, Catherine 2Oppenheim, Jay 2White, Jennifer 2Zeien, Kendra 2

governance & administration 117J. ERIK JONSSON CENTER, NASDoherty, JoanneCallahan, Michael 2Carlisle, Ann 2Elichalt, DonaldMacIsaac, Ross 2Shurtleff, Joan 2JOSEPHINE BAY PAUL CENTER FOR COMPARATIVEMOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONHalpin, PatriciaNewhall (Hashizume), KatherineNihill, TaraMARINE RESOURCESLindell, Scott, ManagerRoderick, NancyKuzirian, AlanLinnon, Beth 1Simmons, Janice S.Sullivan, Daniel A.Aquatic Resources DepartmentEnos, Jr., Edward G., SuperintendentBalmer, Jeffrey 2Dimond, James 1Grossman, William M.Huyett, Phillip 2Johnston, David 2Jones, Timothy 2Klimm III, Henry W.Malchow, William 2Powers, Kenneth 2Tassinari, Eugene 2Whelan, Sean P. 1Marine Resources Life Support SystemMebane, William N., Systems OperatorMBLWHOI LIBRARYNorton, Catherine N., DirectorUhlinger, Eleanor 1 , Assistant DirectorDeveer, Joseph M.Nelson, HeidiPerson, MatthewRiley, Jacqueline 1Stafford, NancyStout, Amy 1Walton, JenniferDigital Processing CenterHadway, NancyJensen, Sarah 2Reuter, LauraWestburg, JoanneINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYLoyot, Robert, Network ManagerBarry, Andrew 2Beaudoin, JeffreyDematos, ChristopheruBioFournier, PamelaMountford, Rebecca J.Renna, Denis J.Space, David B.Ardelean, Adorian 1Leary, Patrick 2Remsen, David P.OFFICE OF THE CHIEF ACADEMIC AND SCIENTIFIC OFFICERBeers, William, Chief Academic and Scientific OfficerSietsma, DanaEDUCATIONAL PROGRAMSDawidowicz, Eliezar A., DirectorHamel, Carol C.Hemmerdinger, CatherineCentral Microscopy Facility and General Use RoomsKerr, Louis M., SupervisorBecker, Phoenix 2Luther, HerbertO’Brien, William 2Peterson, Martha B.Veterinarian ServicesSmolowitz, Roxanna, Campus VeterinarianCavin, Julie 2Johnson, DanielSmith-Rohrberg, Jessica 2Stukey, Jetley 1OFFICE OF THE DIRECTORSpeck, William T., Director and Chief Executive OfficerDonovan, Marcia H.Equal Employment OpportunityMacNeil, Jane L.SERVICE, PROJECTS AND FACILITIESCutler, Richard D., DirectorEnos, Joyce B.ApparatusAtwood, PaulBaptiste, Michael G.Barnes, Franklin D. 1Haskins, William A.Plant, Operations and MaintenanceFleet, Barry, M. 1 , ManagerBrosseau, William 1 , ManagerAuclair, Donald 2Barnes, John S.Blunt, Hugh F.Gonsalves, Jr., Walter W.Hathaway, Peter J.Henderson, Jon R.Langill, RichardMcAdams III, Herbert M.Sabra, Mark 2Shepherd, Denise M.Toner, MichaelSettlemire, Donald 1 , SupervisorCadose, James W.Carroll, JamesElias, MichaelFuglister, Charles K.McCann, BrendanMills, Stephen A.SAFETY SERVICESMarcello, James, Environmental, Health, and Safety ManagerSchorer, TimothyWilson, Richard 2SecurityFleet, Barry M. 1 , ManagerBrosseau, William 1 , ManagerCallahan, John, J.Fish Jr., David L.Lochhead, William M.Rozum, JohnSexton, AndrewProjectsFoley, Douglas, Manager 1Transportation, Building Services & GroundsBurdge, Lawrence, ManagerAdams, Jessica 2Bailey, Jeffrey 2Boucher, Richard L.Brereton, Richard S. 2Collins, Paul J.Cunningham, Christopher 2Duane, James 2Illgen, Robert F.Noonan, Patrick 2Wagner, Paul 2Wyckoff, Christopher 2Yost, Summer 2CustodialMeisel, Robert 1 , SupervisorAnderson, Lewis B.Bryant, HoraceFicher, JasonGlanzman, Alain 2Howell, RobertKelley, KevinKipnes, Geoffrey 2Miller, DennisMills, Jared 2Oldenburg, Ian 2Rattacasa, Frank 2Rowell, Frederick 2Ruchie, Ryan 2Scanlan, MelanieWare, Lynn M.1Including persons who joined or left the staff during 2005.2Summer or temporary

118 governance & administrationPhotos:T. Kleindinst: covers, 1 (W. Speck), 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8,9, 10 (A. Shiflett), 11 (students). 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,17, 18, 24, 26, 30, 32. 47, 49, 50, 52, 58, 68, 76,82, 84, 86, 92, 94Table of contents, B. Liles1, R. Oldenbourg and J.R. LaFountain (top)3, P. Presley (cell)6, Photo Researchers, Inc, (colored TEM of malariaparasite); N. Miles (M. Povelones)8, Photo Researchers, Inc. (top)10, Bay Paul Center (top)11, A. Shiflett (trypanosomes)14, micro*scope (top), R. Thomspon15, R. Thompson, E. Haeckle (illustration)16, E. Haeckle (illustration)19, Bay Paul Center21, M. Johnson22, 23, Ecosystems Center25, B. Howarth (upper)27, R. Vale28, E. Goldman (illustration)29, courtesy L. Rome, H. Rome (L. Rome)34, A. Sagasti36, R. Oldenbourg, G. Mei, M. Shribak37, Boston University Photo Services38, I. Valiela39, J. Bowen/I. Valiela40, R. T. Hanlon41, S. Roberts42, S. Fox (top), S. Roberts43, G. Gerlach44, 45, P.J.S. Smith46, B. Liles47, B. Furie (schematic)48, V. Steger54, H. Luther59, H. Luther63, H. Luther65, H. Luther69, H. Luther (left), MBL Ecosystems Center (right)70, J. Cherry72, H. Luther74, J. Cherry77, 79, E. Haeckle83, A. Early85, J. Leadbetter87, P.J.S. Smith89, MBL Gray Museum91, S. Livingstone95, H. Luther98, J. Leadbetter102, D. Myers103, H. Luther107, M. Teichberg108, J. Cherry109, S. Livingstone110, R. Howard114, micro*scope115, D. Soares and K. Briggman116, A. EarlyDescriptions of these photographs accompany the online version of the 2005 Annual Report, found at:.