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~;FA: ;.: *. .$%"*., *r *S 7f.LandAcquisition [I948 :(Tmil Nadu Amendment)(b)' in the first paragraph of subsection (2)-(i) before the word "Whenever': at thecommencement, the following shall be inserted,namely :-"In the following cases, that is to say-";(ii) the portion beginning with the word"Whenever" and ending with .the words "access toany such station " shall be lettered as clause (a) andafter the clause as so lettered, the following clauseshall be inserted, namely :-"(b) whenever in the opinion of the Collectorit becomes necessary to acquire the immediatepossession of any land-(i) for the purpose of any libraryeducatio~lal institution, or(ii) for the construction, extension orimproveme1:t of-(A) any building or other structure inany village for the common use of the inhabitantsof such village, or(B) any gndown for any society regis- ~ adrutered or d;s~acd to be registered under the Madras tE9%.Co-op:rati\.~ Societies Act, 1932*, or(C) any dwelling llousc for the poor,or(D) any irrigation tank, irrigation ordrainage ch.lnne1, or any well, or(E) any ~~ortd."*See now the Taolil Nadu Co-operatiw SCIC~C~{W Act, 1961(TauuI Nzdu Act 53 of 1961).# ,'.1, I *ortI

ing''' '!Ithe———PAGE TWO THE COLLECTING NETNaming of Woods Holefront of the Breakwater Hotel.Friendly Indians received themIs Traced tD Norsemen with presents of sassafras, andthe Sachem smoked the pipe ofvCor.. 1) peace with Gosnold. They thenproceeded to Falmouth and dedicatedthe Memorial Boulderous here, especially along theBay Shore, as is proved by shell- .,ust beyond the Railroad Cross-Iheaps, arrowheads, graveyards, at the entrance to the villageand Indian names of places.Some of their descendants arestill left at Mashpee, Gay Headand Indian Hill on the Vineyard.John Eliot, Apostle to the Indianswent through this regionpreaching to the aborgines.The earliest record of Englishdiscovery and settlement onthis Continent is that of Capt.Bartholomew Gosnold in May1602, five years before the settlementof Jamestown, and 18years before the landing of thePilgrims at Provincetown andPlymouth. Gosnold coastednlong "Cape Cod" and "Martha'sVineyard", which he so named.It seems probable from his accountthat he anchored at VineyardHaven and later landed atvhat is new Woods Ho-e May 31,1602. He named the island, calledby the Indians "Cuttyhunk","Elizabeth" in honor of hi.sQueen, and to this day the chainof islands between BuzzardsBay and Vineyard Sound is calledthe "Elizabeth Islands", and,

— ———PAGE FOUR THE COLLECTING NETThe Collecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine Biolog-icalLajboratory and of Woods Hole ingeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSRobert Chambers, Prof, of Anatomy,Cornell University Medical School.Edwin J. Conklin, Prof, of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of zoology,Yale University.EDITORIAL STAFFWare CattellEditorDorothy Alexander Asst. EditorMrs. L. V. Heilbrunn. .General NewsHelen S. Morris General NewsContributingEditorsMrs. K. C. Blanchard. .Bus. ManagerJack FoggSport News(Application for entry as second-classmatter is pending.)The Universal PressNew BedfordWoods HoleMassachusettsProspectusWith this issue The CollectingNet enters upon the second j/earof its existence. This summerit will reflect more truly the"personality" of the laboratory.With the foundation of lastyear's experience upon which tobuild we are confident that wecan create something of permanentand lasting value.We look back upon our rushedand stormy existence of lastseason with mixed feelings ofadmiration and disgust. Thereis room for enormous improvement,but tiie process of adaptationcould not be a sudden one.We have survived the first yearof our struggle for existenceand of this fact we art> proud.We look forward with anticipationto our rapidly acceleratedgrowth and improvement, andwith the cooperation of all thoseconnected with the laboratorywe cannot help but bbe successful.The Scholarship FundThe Collecting Net began lifewith rather definite plans as tohow it could be of benefit to theMarine Biological Laboratory.One of the more important, perhaps,was the possibility ofinitiating a scholarship fund toassist deserving students to returnto Woods Hole to carry oni n d e p e ndent investigations.There are many ways in whichthis might be done, but afterlengthy deliberationand expertcounsel the following plan seem.sto be the most satisfactory: Asum of money will be awarded atthe end of the season to a coupleof the "most deserving" stuikntsregistered in one of the fivecourses given at the Laboratory.The clauso "most deserving" hasvet to bp de.ined. Especialweight, however, will be givento the following factors : (1) thefinancial condition of Ithe applicant;(2) the character ofhis or her work during the presentsummer; (3) the generaladaptability of the awardee tothe laboratory community. Theawards will be made by a committeeappointed by the Directorof the Marine Biological Laboratory.Any money received from ourpaper in excess of expenditureswill be turned over to thescholarship fund. In instatingthis plan we are well aware thatour contribution may not be alarge one; but we are confidentthat a great many people connectedwith the laboratory, andothers interested in its welfare,will be only too glad to assist inbuilding up a presentable sumof money. Tentatively we haveset the lower limit at two hundreddollars, but there seems tobe no obvious reasons why thisamount can not be exceeded.Checks should be made payableto the "C. N. Scholarship Fund".The cost of the printing andpaper alone for this number ofThe Colleciinq Net amounted tomore than S180.00. _If 500copies are sold the receipts fromthis source will be only aboutS70.00. These figures bring outwith startling clearness the extentto which we are dependentupon our advertisers.Every paper urges its readersto purchase material from itsadvertisers, and we must dolikewise, trite as it may seemfor us to write about it. But inour case the reasons are moreurgent and the results are moredirect. Every reader is intenselyinterested in the developmentof the laboratory. An extracolumn of advertising meansthat the sum of twelve dollarswill be turned over to the CollectingNet Scholarship Fund.This money will be used not onlydirectly to assist a deserving"student, but indirectly to forwardthe interests of the laboratoryand promote biological research.^Readers will render a greaterservice than is perhaps realizedif they will not only give firstchoice to the firms that adver-tise, but, if on making inquiriesor on purchasing material, theywill make mention of the factthat the announcement in questionwas seen in the columns ofThe Collecting Net. Every firmadvertising in The CollectingNet will be only too glad to answerinquires and to send catalogsif you are in any way interestedin the materials thatthey handle.BIGELOW TO LEADCLUB THIS SEASONThe annual meeting of theM. B. L. Club was held Tuesdayevening, July 5. The reports ofstanding committees were read,and various recommendationswere made for the considerationof the new committees. Thenomination committee presenteda majority report, and Dr.Lewis of the committee presenteda minority report in which henominated Mrs. E. L. Clark forpresident. As a fitting rewardfor her service to the club Mr.Clark was elected president, butfound it impossible to serve.The following officers wereelected: Pres. Dr. R. P. Bigelow,V. Pres. Miss Mary Mac-Dougall, Sec-Treas. Mrs. S. H.Farr.The retiring officers, underwhose regime many improvementsin the club have been accomplished,are: Pres. Dr. D. J.Edwards, V. Pres. Dr. C. C.Speidel, Sec-Treas. Dr. MyraSampson.EPISCOPAL CHURCHENTERTAINS M. B. L.The Episcopal Church oncemore opened its doors to membersof the M. B. L. who werereceived as guests at a socialgathering held at the ParishHouse of the Church on theChurch on the evening of July6. The graciousness of Rev.James Bancroft and membersof the parish made everyone genuinely enjoy the evening.Colored lanterns strung outon the lawn gave hint of theoccasion, and inside, the housewas festive with bunches ofsyringa and nasturtiums. Decoratingthe table were largebouquets of roses in a varietywhich suggested the vivid profusionof Miss Fay's garden.The assembly room upstairswas devoted to dancing. Handy'sorchestra in a bower of blossomsofficiated capably upon theplatform, and with the hardmaple floor provided a combinationwhich the younger set pre-,sent was reluctant to leave, except,perhaps, to partake of theenticing ice-cream, cake andpunch served below by membersof the Church Work Association.In the receiving line were theRev. Bancroft, Mrs. H. H. Fay,Miss S. E. Bancroft, Miss FlorenceFish, and Mrs. W. 0. Tyuscomb,all r e p r e s e n t i n g theChurch. From the M. B. L.were Mrs. C. H. Farr, Mrs. W.E. Garrey, Mrs M. H. Jacobs,Mrs. Higgins, Mrs. Linton, Mrs.Galtsoff, Dr. A. Woodward, Dr.C. Parkard, and Dr. D. J. Edwards.THE CHEMIST-GENERAL{Apologies to W. S. Gilbert, the Pirates of Penzance and all Major-Generals)I am the very pattern of a modem chemist gineral,I've information vegetable, animal, and mineral.I am well up in physics — quote experiments historical.From Thales, Volta, Faraday, in order categorical.Equations both of integral and differential calculus,I use to plumb the vagaries of beings animalculusIn fact in matters vegetable, animal, and mineral,The colloid chemist shows he is a modern chemist gineral.The filter-passing haze that spoils your very best analysis,The ferments that will wreck your final product by catalysis.The mists, and fogs, and clouds that go to make the weatherfair or foul,The smokes a gas-mask won't adsorb, but make the soldiersswear or howl,And where the agate gets itsrings and how the comet swingsits tail,And how the pearly nautilus on tropic waters flings its sailIn all these matters vegetable, animal, and mineral,You'll find the colloid chemist is a modern chemist ginei-al.If you would know how plants suck up their food by capillarity,The differences in grade of ci-ops, the cause of their disparity.If you would use the messes that organic chemists cuss like sin.See life-like ultramicrons wriggle in a sol of proteinIf you would know of rubber, glue soap, leather or linoleum,Of baking, dyeing, fabrics, foods, flotation, or pertoleumRecall in matters vegetable, animal and mineral.The colloid chemist proves he is a modern chemist gineral.I)H. D.

2AbbreviationsBotany Building Bot.Brick Building Br.Lecture Hall L.Old Main Building 0. M.Rockefeller BuildingRock.The abbreviations used for thepositions and institutions- are thesame as those incorporated in'American JMen of Science." Thus,taking Dr. Amberson as an example,his position during the regular collegeyear is assistant professor ofphysiology at the University of Pennsylvania.His work at the laboratoryis carried out an the Brick Buildingin Room 309.THE STAFFJacobs, M. H., Director, prof. gen.phys. Pennsylvania.ZOOLOGYI. InvestigationConklin, E. C, prof. zool. Princeton.Grave, C, prof. zool. Washington(St. Louis)Jennings, H. S., prof. zool. Hopkins.Lillie, F. R., prof. emb. Chicago.McClung, C. E., prof. zool. Pennsylvania.Mast, S. O., prof. zool. Hopkins.Morgan, T. H., prof. exp. zool. Columbia.Parker, G. H., prof. zool. Harvard.Wilson, E. B., prof. zool. Columibia.Woodruff, L. L., prof. zool. Yale.II. InstructionDawson, J. A., instr. zool. Harvard.Martin, E. A., assit. prof. zool. C. C.N. Y.1. InvestigationBradley, H. C, prof. phys. chem.Wisconsin.Garrey, W. E., prof. phys. VanderbiltMed.Lillie, R. S., prof. gen. phys. Chicago.Mathews, A. P., prof. biol. chem. Cincinnati.II. InstructionJacobs, M. H., prof. gen. phys. Pennsylvania.Fenn, W. O., prof. phys. Rochester.Michaelis, L., prof. Berlin; Hopkins.Hartline, H. K., Hopkins.Haywood, C, instr. zool., Vassar.THE COLLECTING NET PAGE FIVEDIRECTORY FOR 1927BOTANYI. InvestigationDuggar, B. M., prof. boi. phys., Wisconsin.Allen, C. E., prof, botany Wisconsin.Brooks, S. C, prof. zool. California.Robbins, W. J., prof, botany Missouri.Schramm, J. R., Editor-in-chief, BiologicalAbstracts, Pennsylvania.II.InstructionLewis, I. F., prof. biol. Virginia.Taylor, W. R., asst. prof, botany,Pennsylvania.Pocle, J. P., prof. evol. Dartmouth.INVESTIGATORSAbel!, R. G., instr. biol. HamptonInst.Allen, Eleanor, grad. Brown.Amberson, W. R., asst. prof, phys.,Pennsylvania Med. Br. 309Armstrong, P., instr. anat. CornellMed. Br. 318Arnold, Constance W., demonstrator.Brown. Br. 233.Austin, Mary L., lect. Barnard College.Br. 315Baker, Lillian E., asst. Dept. Exp.Surg. Rockefeller Inst. 0. M. Base.Barth, L. G., asst. zool. Michigan. Br.217ABartholomew, W. W., res. stud. Columbia.Baskerville, Margaret, adj. prof.Texas Med. Br. 315.Belling, J., fellow. Carnegie Inst. Br.223.Bennitt, R., instr. zool. Tufts. 0. M.25.Bigelow, R. P., prof, zool., Mass.Inst. Tech. Br. 234.Cole, E. C, asst. prof. zool. Williams.Bennitt, R., instr. biol. Tufts.Bissonnette, T. H., prof. biol. Trinity. Bissonnette, T. H., prof. biol. Trinity.Grant, Madeleine P., asst. prof. zool. O. M. 26.Mount Holyoke.Blackford, S. D., instr. med. Va. Lab.Severinghaus, A. E., Columbia University.Physicians. Dorm. Room 103.Bianchard, K. C, asst. prof, biochemYoung, D. B., assoc. prof. biol. Arizona.New York. Br. 325.Blumenthal, R., grad. phys. Pennsyl-PROTOZOOLOGYvania. Br. 2170.Bowen, R. H., assoc. prof. zool. Columbia.1, InvestigationBr. 327.(see zoology)Bradley, H. C, prof. phys. WisconII. Instructionsin. Br. 122A.Wcodruff, L. L., prof. zool. Yale. Breitenbenbecher, J. K., lect. zool.,Calkins, G. N., prof, protozool. Columbia(absent 1927)Bridges, C. B., res. asst., CarnegieMcGill. L. 25.MacDougall, M. S., prof. zool. AgnesInst. Br. 332.Bronfenbrenner, J. J., assoc. Rockefeller.Br. 208.Scott.Unger, W. B., asst. prof. zool. Dartmouth.Bronk, D. W., assoc. prof. phys.Swarthmore. Br. 340.EMBRYOLOGYBrooks, Mrs. M. M., California untilJuly 2, Bot. 4.I. InvestigationBrooks, S. B., prof, zool., California(see zoology)until July 2.II. InstructionBrooks, S. C, prof, phys., Rutgers.Goodrich, H. B., prof. biol. Wesleyan. Bot.Grave, B. H., prof. biol. Wabash. Brown, D. E. S., instr. zool.. NewPackard, C, assoc. inst. Cancer Res. York. Br. 2.ColumbiaBudington, R. A., prof, zool., Oberlin.Plough, H. H., prof. biol. Amherst.Br. 218.Rogers, C. G., prof. comp. phys. Campbell, C. J., asst. prof, phys.,Oberlin.S>Tacuse. Br. 106.PHYSIOLOGYCanavan, W. P., instr.sylvania. Br. 217.zool., Penn-Carothers, E. Eleanor, lect. zool.,Pennsylvania. Br. 221.Carpenter, Esther, asst. zool. Wisconsin.Br. 111.Carver, G. L., prof, biol., Mercer. Br.315.Cattell, M., phys. Cornell Med.Br. 214.Cattell, W., Res. fellow biol.. MemorialHosp., N. Y. Br. 123.Chambers, R., prof. micr. anat., CornellMed. Br. 328C.Cheer, S. N., fellow of RockefellerFoundation, Peking Union Med.college. Br. 107.Chen, C. C, prof, biol., Shanghai,China. Br. 322.Chen, T. Y., grad. stud., protozool.,Columbia. Br. 314.Chidester, F. E., prof, zool.. WestVirginia. Br. 344.Christie, J. R., assoc. nematologisit,U. S. Dept. Agr. Rock. Kast.Ciark, Eleanor L., grad. anat. PennsylvaniaMed. Br. 117.Clark, E. R., prof, anat., PennsylvaniaMed. Br. 117.Clark, L. B., grad. zool. Johns Hopkins.Br. 315.Clowes, G. H. A., direc. Lilly ReseiarchLab. Br. 328.Cobb, N. A., agr. technologist. U. S.Dept. Agr. Rock. East.Cohen, B., chem. Hvgieric Lab.(D. C.) Br. 324.Cohn, E. J., asst. prof. phy. chem.Harvard Med., Br. 109.Cole, E. C, asst. prof. biol. Williams.O. M. 24^Cole, K., nat. res. fellow. Harvard.Br. 114.Conklin, E. G., prof, biol., Princeton.Br. 225.Ccpeland, J., asst. biol. Earlham(Ind.) Bot.Copeland, M., prof, bio!., Bowdoin.Br. 334.Cowdry, E. V., assoc. Rock'efellowInst. Br. 209A.Cowles, R. P., assoc. prof. suol. JohnsHopkins. Br. 222.Crawford, W. W., fellow jool. Missouri.Br. 217.Crocker, W., direc. Boyce ThompsonInst.Curtis, W. C, prof. zool. Missouri.Br. 336.Darby, H. H., instr. phys. New York.Br. 2.Dawson, J. A., instr. zool. Harvard,0. M. 28.Dellinger, S. C, prof. zool. Arkansas,Bot.Disalvo, Mrs. B., asst. biol. GeorgeWashin;;ion H. S. Rock.Dolley, W. L. Jr., prof. biol. Buffalo.Br. 339.Donaldson, H. H., prof. neur. WistarInst. Br. 115.Downing, R. C, gi-ad. stud. Wabash.Jnd.) Br. 234.Drew, Kathleen M., lect. bot. Manchester(Eng.) Bot. 4.Duggar, B. M., prof. bot. phys. Wisconsin,Br. 122B.Durrant, E. P., aSnt. prof. phys. OhioSt-.t-;. Br. 3.Edwards, D. J., assoc. prof. phys.Cornell Med. Br. 214.Elftman, H., asst. zool. Columbia. Br.314.Emmart, Emily W., assoc. prof. biol.Western Maryland. Br. 126.Esaki, S., asst. prof. Keio Med. (Japan).Br. 331.Farr, C. H., assoc. prof. bot. Washington(Mo.) 0. M. Base.Farr, Mrs. W. K., Barnard Hosip.(St. Louis) O. M. Base.Fenn, W. O., prof. phys. RochesterMed. Br. 341.Field, Elsie, Radcliffe, Br. 213.Field, Madeleine, asst. phys. Mt.Holyoke. Br. 122C.Fish, H. D., grad. stud. Columbia.0. M. 34.Fogg, J. M. Jr., instr. bot. Pennsylvania.Bot. 22.Freeman, L. B., grad. stud. Pennsylvania.Rock.Fry, H. J., asst. prof. biol. New York.0. M. Base.Garrey, W. E., prof phys. VanderbiltMed. Br. 215.Gates, F. L., assoc. memb. RockefellerInst. Br. 209B.Genther, Ida T., asst. zool. Wisconsin.Br. 122C.Glaser, R. W., assoc. memb. RockefellerInst. Br. 209.Glaser, O. C, prof. biol. Amherst. Br.204.Goodkind, R., stud. Harvard Med. Br.109.Goodrich, H. B. prof. biol. Wesleyan.(Conn.) Br. 210.Goldfarb, A. J., prof. biol. C. C. N. Y.L. 34.Gordon, Isabella, res. worker, ImperialCollege, London. Br. 335.Graham, J. Y., prof. biol. Alabama.L. 22.Grave, B. H., prof. zool. Wabash(Ind.) Br. 234.Griswold, Sylvia, instr. biol. Penn.Col. Women Bot.Gruenberg, B. C, direc. Am. Assoc.Med. Progress. O. M.Grundfest, H., fellow, Columbia. Br.314.Hadiey, C. E., grad. zool. Harvard.Br. 217.Hague, Florence, asst. prof. biol.Sweet Briar. L. 24.Hall, R. P., asst. prof. zool. New York.L. 32.Hance, R. T., assoc. zool. RockefellerInst. L. 21.Hann. H. W., instr. emb. Illinois. Br.222.Hansen, I. B., asst. zool. Wesleyan,(Conn.)Harral, Ruth, Cornell Med. Br. 324.Harrop, G. A. Jr, assoc. prof. med.Johns Hopkins Med. Br. 312.Hartline, H. K., grad. phys. JohnsHopkins Med. Br. 229.Harvey, E. N., prof. phys. Princeton.Br. 116.Haywood, Charlotte, grad. phyS.Pennsylvania. 0. M. 6.Hecht, S., assoc. prof, biophysics,Columbia. Br. 230.Heilbrunn, L. V., asst. prof. zool.Michigan. Br. 330.Heyroth, F. F., nat. res. fel. HarvardMed. Br. 110.Hibbard, Hope, Preparateur, Sorbonn?.Hidalgo, F., asst. Rockefeller Inst..Br. 208.Hiller, H., asst. biol. lab. Krakow(Poland) Br. 3'?4.Hoadley, L., a.~st. prof. biol. Brown.Br 329.Hof, Anne, gi'ad. bot. Radcliffe. Bot.Hofkesbring, Roberta, in"tr. pnvs.Tulane. O. M.Holmes, Gladys E. grad. asst. Brown.Be. 315.Hoskins M. M., asst. prof. hist. NewYork. L. 33.Hoskins, R G., res. assoc. phys. HarvardMed. Br. 3.Howe, H. E., editor Am. Chem. Soc.Br. 304.Howe, T. D., instr. biol. James Millikin.Bot.'Howland, Ruth B., asst. prof. biol.New York. Br. 331.Huettner, A. F., asst. prof. zool. Columbia.Br. 314.Hughes, T. P., asst. Rockefeller InstBr. 206.Inman, O. L., prof. biol. Antioch. Br.114.Irwin, Marion, assoc. phys. RockefellerInst. Br. 207.Jacobs, M. H., prof. gen. phys. Pennsylvania,Br. 205.Jennings, H. S., prof. zool. Johns. Hopkins.Br. 126.Johlin, J. M., assoc. prof, biochem.Vanderbilt Med. Br. 3'!Johnson, P. L., grad. ass.i-. zool. JohnsHopkins. Br. 311.Johnson, R. H. Jr., res. stud. Columbia.0. M. 34.

PAGE SIX THE COLLECTING NETINVESTIGATORS—Cont.|Ju»t, E E., prof. zool. Howard Br.228.Kaltreider, N. L., Swarthmore. Br.340.Kapp, Eleanor M., asst. biol. New-York. B-. 2.Kaufmann, B. P., prof. biol. Southweslernt'Tenr.i Pr. -jOo.Keefe, A. M., prof. biol. St. Norbert(Wis.) Bot. 5.Keltch, Anna K., res. asst. Ely Lillyand Co. Br. 328.Klein, H., grad. Pennsylvania. 0. M.Newman, H. H., prof. zool. Chicago.Br. 226."^oble, G. K., curator, Dept. Herp.Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. Br. 306.Nomura, S., asst. prof. zool. TohokuImp. (Japan) O. M. Base.Nonidez, J. F., as&oc. anat. CornellMed. Br. 318.Packard, C, asst . prof. zool. Inst.Cancer Rss. (Columbia.) 0. M. 2.Parker, G. H., prof. zool. Harvard.Br. 213.Parmenter, C. L., asst. prof. zool.Pennsylvania. Br. 220.Kleiner, I. S., prof. chem. N. Y. H.Parpart, Ethel R., asst. phys. Amherst.Med.Br. 204.L. 23.Knowlton, F. P., prof. phys. SyracusePatterson, W. M., independent investigatorzool. (New York) Br. 315.Med. Br. 106.Koch, Henry, tech., RockefellerPerlzweig, W. A., assoc. med. JohnsInst.Br. 206Hopkins. Br. 312.Koehri'ng,' Vera, fel. zool. Pennsyl- P'^^'P^i' L'"'" *•' '"^^'- ^°°'- ^'"'"''"•0. M. 3Pierce, Madelene E., grad. zool.. Radcliffe.Rock.vania. Br. 217n.Krcpp, B., zool. Hai-vard. Br. 217f.Lanceiield, D. E., asst. prof. zool. Columbia.Br. 1.Lancefield, Rebecca C, asst. bact.Rockefeller Inst. Hosp. Br. 206.Landis, E. M., grad. phvs. Pennsylvania.Br. 205.Lee, M. O., res. assoc. Harvard Med.Br. 3.Lewis, 1. F., prof biol. Virginia. Bot.26.Light, V. E., grad. Johns Hopkins.Br. 217k.Lillie, F. R., prof. zool. Chicago. Br.101.LilHc, R. S., prof. gen. phys. Chicago.Br. 326.Loeb, L., prof. path. WashingtonMed. (St. Louis) Br. 122C.Lorberblatt, 1., chem. Harriman Res.L;;b. New York. Br. 122C.Lu, H. L., grad. Columbia. Br. 314.Lucas, Catherine L. T., trav. fel. zool.London. Br. 217g.Lucas, E. R., instr. anat. Kansas.Lucke, B., assoc. prof. path. Pennsylvania.Br. 310.Lynch, Ruth S., instr. zool. JohnsHopkins. Br. 126.Lyon, E. P., prof. phys. MinnesotaiMed. Er. 106.Martin, II. A., asst. prof. zool. C. C.N. Y. O. M. 28.Mast, S. O., prof. zool. Johns Hopkins.Br. 311.Matthc-.vs, S. A., grad. Harvard. Br.217e. Until June 28.Mavor, J. W., prof. biol. Union. Br.343.May, R. M., res. fel. Am. Field Service(France). Br. 110. Aug. 15.McCardIa, R. C, grad. Michigan. Br.217c.McClendon, J. F., prof. phys. chem.Minnesota. Br. 342.McClung, C. E., prof. zool. Pennsylvania.Br. 219.McCutclieon. M., asst. prof. path.Pennsylvania. Br. 310.MacDougall, Mary S.,Agnes Scott. O. M. 21.prof. zool.Macnab, Alleyne, tech. surg. RockefellerInst. Rock.McNamara, Helen, tech. RockefellerInst. Br. 207.Metcalf, M. M., res. assoc. zool. JohnsHopk-ns. Br. 203.Metz, C. W.. staff memb. CarnegieInst. Cold Spring Harbor. Br. 223.Mi-ha^lis, L., resident lect. JohnsHopkins Med. Br. 312.Mitchell, P. H., prof. phys. BrownBr. 233.Mitchell, W. H. Jr., fel. phvs. Harvard.Br. 110.Monteomery, H., Harvard Med. Br.107.Moore. Imogene, grad. Yale. Br. 217jMorgan, T. H., prof. zool. Columbia.Br. 320.Morrill, C. v., asst. prof. anat. CornellMed. L. 27.Morrison, M. E., grad. phys. Pennsylvania.Br. 110.Moses, Mildred S., res. asst. CarnegieInst. Br. 223.Nelsin, O. E., instr. zool. Pennsylvania.Br. 217m.Pinney, Mary E., prof. zool. Milwaukee-Downer.Br. 217h.Plough, H. H., prof. biol. Amherst.Br. 125.Pollock, K. H., Cornell Med. Br. 328.Poole, J. P., prof, evolu. Dartmouth.Pond, S. E., asst. prof. phys. PennsylvaniaMed. Br. 224.Rand, H. W., assoc. prof. zool. Harvard.L. 30.Redfield, A. C, asst. prof. phys. HarvardMed. Br. 107.Redfield, Helen, Nat. Res. Fel. zool.Columbia. Br. 314.Reynolds, S. R. M., asst. phys.Swarthmore. Br. 340.St. DeRenyi, G., asst. prof. anat.Pennsylvania. Br. 117.Reznikoff, P., assoc. anat., instr. med.Cornell Msd. Br. 324.Rice, K S., assoc. prof. phys. Brown.0. M. 1.Richards, A., prof. zool. Oklahoma.L. 26.Richards, Mildred H., res. asst. Oklahoma.L. 26.Ringoen, A. R., asst. prof. zool. Minnesota.Br. 217e.Ritter, R. A., res. asst. Missouri State.Br. 336.Rogers, C. G., prof. comp. phys.Oberlin. Br. 218.Rcmer, A. S., assoc. prof. vert, palaeon.Chicago. L. 28.Rowlee, Silence, asst. prof. bot. Elmira.Bot.Runyon, E. H., instr. bot. Washington(St. Louis) Br. 110.Sanders, Gertrude B., res. asst.Swarthmore. Br. 340.Sayles, L. P., asst. prof. biol. Norwich(Vt.) L. 29.Schaeffer, A. A., prof. zool. Kansas.Br. 333.Schmitt, F. O., Nat. Res. Fel. phys.Washington (St. Louis) Br. 301.Schrader, F., assoc. prof. zool. BrynMawr. 0. M. 29.Schrader, Sally H., instr. zool. BrynMawr. 0. M. 29.Schuitz, J., Nat. Res. Fel. zool. Columbia.Br. 314.Scott, Miriam J, inst. zool. Pennsylvania.Br. 221.Sears, Mary, grad. zool. Radcliffe.Rock.Severinghaus, A. E., inst. anat. Columbia.O. M. 31.Shaftesbury, A. D., assOC. prof. ZOol.N. C. Col. Women. L. 31.Shlaer, S., stud. asst. zool. Columbia.Br. 314.Shoup, C. S., asst. zool. Princeton.Br. 111.Sichel, F. J. M., phys. McGill. Br. 111.Smith, G. H., instr. bot. Illinois. Bot.Smith, Septima C, fel. med. zool.Johns Hopkins. Rock.Smith, W. A., grad. asst. phys. Pennsylvania.Br. 309.Sonneborn, T. M., grad. zool. JohnsHopkins. Br. 126.Sribyatta, L., instr. phys. ChulalongkoraMed. (Siam) Br. 111.Stark, Mary B., prof. emb. N. Y. H.Med. L. 23.Steen, E. B., instr. zool. Wabash(Ind.) Br. 234.Steggerda, F. R., fel. phys. Minnesota.Rock.Stewart, Dorothy R., instr. biol. LakeErie. Br. 110.Stockard, C. R., prof. anat. CornellMed. Br. 317.Stokey, Alma G, prof. bot. Mt. Holyoke.Bot. 5.Strong, O. S., prof. neur. Columbia,chem. Rm.Stunkard, H. W., prof. biol. Nev,^York. Br. 232.Sturtevant, A. H., memb. staff CarnegieInst. Columbia. Br. 1.Sumwalt, Margaret, instr. phys.Pennsylvania. Br. 309.Swett, F. H., assoc. prof. anat. Vanderbil'tMed. Br. 339.Taft, C. H. Jr., grad. phys. Columbia.Br. 217d.Taylor, Jean Grant, Pennsylvania.Bot.Taylor, W. R., prof. bot. Pennsylvania.Bot.Titlebaum, A., asst. zool. Columbia.Br. 314.Tracy, H. C, prof. zool. Kansas. L.30.Turner, Abby H., prof. phys. Mt.Holyoke. Br. 211.Uhlenhuth, E, assoc. prof. anat. MarylandMed. Br. 122D.Ullian, Silka S., res. asst. CarnegieInst. O. M. 4.Unger, W. B., asst. prof. zool. Dartmouth.O. M. 22.Visscher, J. P., assoc. prof. biol.Western Reserve. L. 34.Walden, Eda B., res. asst. Eli Lillv &Co., Research Lab. Br. 328.Wear, J. H., res. asst. Harvard Med.Wecch, A. A., instr. med. Johns Hopkins.Br. 312.Wells, H. S., Nat. Res. Fel. Med.Harvard Med. Br. 110.Wenrich, D. H., asst. prof. zool.Pennsylvania. Br. 219.Whedon, A. D., prof. phys. N. D.Ag-ri. Br. 226 (Aug. 1)Whitaker, D. M., grad. asst. zool.Stanford. Br. 332.Willey, C. H., instr. biol. New York.Br. 217b.Wilson, J. W., asst. prof. biol.Brown. Br. 329.Wolf, E., asst. zool. Heidelberg. Br.no.Wolf, E. A., instr. phys. Pittsbui-gh.Br. 315.Woodruff, L. L., prof, protozool.Yale. Br. 323.Woodward, Alvalyn E., Researchworker. Michigan. L. 24.Wyman, J. W., instr. biol. Harvard.Br. 109.Young, R. Arliner, asst. prof zool.Howard. Br. 228.Young, D. B., prof. biol. Maine. 0.M. 27.STUDENTSThe abbreviations used are thesame as in the list of investigators.In the case of Mr. Ballard, the informationgiven is that he is anundergraduate student at DarthmouthCollege and that he is takingthe course in botany at the laboratory.If the individual is a girl thefirst name is given.Abell, Richard G., instr. biol. HamptonInst. zool.Adams, T. G., fel. biol. C. C. N. Y.proto.Alexander, Eleanor G., grad. Columbia,proto.Andrews, Ava Lee, asst. zool. NorthCarolina College, zool.Apgar, Grace M., Pennsylvania, zool.Bahrs, Alice M., asst. phys. California,phys.Bailey, Jr., P. L., grad. Brown, emb.Baily, Jr., J. L., fel. biol. JohnsHopkins, emb.Baker, Carolyn. Vassar. bot.Ballard, W. W., Dartmouth, zool.Barron, E. S. G., fel. phys. Lima(Peru).Beebe, Mary E., Oberlin. zool.Beyer, Kathe M., Brown, emb.Bilstad, Nellie M., asst. biol. Wisconsin,zool.Blount, R. F., instr. zool. Arizona.Bond, Evelyn, grad Pennsylvaniazool.Borquist, May, res. fel. CornellMed. phys.Bosworth, E. B., asst. biol. Yale. emb.Boughton, Esther M., Mt. Holyoke.emb.Bowers, W. B., Harvard, bot.Bradley, Mary A., jr. nematologist.Dept. Agr. zool.Brown, D. E., instr. biol. New York.zoolButler, Elizabeth, Vassar. zool.Chase, Jr., A. M., asst. biol. Amherst.emb.Chen, N. S., Pennsylvania, emb.Clarke, R. W., instr. phys. New York.phys.Cline, Elsie, Johns HoEkins University,zool.Cloudman, A. M., instr. biol. Vermont,zool.Crane, N. F., Bowdoin. emb.Curtis, Mary E., asst. biol. Wilsonemb.Dalton, A. J., Wesleyan. emb.Davidson, Margaret, North CarolinaCollege, emb.De Bone, Frances M., student, asst.anat. Pittsburg, prot.Deichmann, Elizabeth, Radcliffe. emb. .Delure, G. H., fel. Louvain, Belgium,phys.Dettmer, Clara R., Columbia, prot.Downey, H. R., Johns Hopkins Med.phys.Drumtra, Elizabeth, Wilson, zool.Dunbar, F. F., Harvard, bot.Elftman, H. O., asst. zool. Columbia.zool.Elis, Marjorie F., asst. zool. Dalhousie.zool.Ferris, Frances R., asst. zool. Washington(Mo.) zool.Fletcher, Lydia M., grad. Brown.emb.Fort, Irene, Pennsylvania, bot.Frame, Elizabeth G., Dalhousie. zool.Frank, R. L., Cornell Med. phys.Furtos, Norma C, asst. biol. WesternReserve, zool.Goodloe, Sara, Goucher. proto.Gregg, W. 1., Harvard, zool.Gregory, P. W., Harvard, zool.Grizzle, Lucile A., teacher biol. LosAngeles H. S. emb.Hall, E. K., asst. zool. Yale. zool.Hamilton, Sally, Elmira. emb.Hammond, J. W., Cambridge, Mass.phys. lect.Hampel, C. W., Wesleyan. zool.Hardesty, Mary, fellow biol. Newcombemb.Hare, Laura, De Pauw. zooi.Henderson, J. T., lecturer. McGill.phys.Hcrskowitz, I. A., Columbia, emb.Hetherington, W. A., asst. zool.Columbia, prot.Hiller, S., Cracow (Poland) zool.Hiraiwa, Y. K., grad. Chicago, emb.Holliday, G. H., teacher biol. WestVa. H. S. prot.Hollin^head, W. H., instr. biol. Vanderbilt.Hopkins, S. H.,emb.William and Mary.zool.Hoppaugh, Katherine W., Arizona.bot.Howland, Esther, grad. Columbia.phys.Hubbard, Catherine E., teacher HartfordH. S. proto.Husted, Clara M., grad. Rocnester.zool.Husted, D. L., Oberlin. bot.Jansen, J. B., prosector of anat.University of 0.slo (Norway) emb.Jewett, Frances L., Wellesley. bot.Johnson, P. E., Amherst, zool.Keith, Bernice, Nebraska, bot.Kerrigan, Alice M., instr. biol. BostonT. C. zool.

'THE COLLECTING NET PAGE SEVENLane, Elinor M., asst. biol. Goucher.zool.Leonard, S. L., Rutgers, zool.Lichtman, Frieda, New York. emb.Light, Jr., F. W. Johns Hopkins.phys.Level), H. B., Harvard, zool.Luce, W. M., Illinois, emb.Martin, S. J., res. asst. Wisconsin.zool.Martinovitch, P. N., grad Syracuse.zool.McCIintock, Barbara, instr. bot. Cornell,bot.McClure, G. Y., Dartmouth, zool.McClure, Katherine L., instr. biol.Morningside ((la.) zool.MacCoy, C. v.. Harvard, zool.MacFarlane, Constance, Dalhousie.bot.McGoun, Jr., R. C, asst. biol. Amherst,emb.Mclnerney, Katheryn M., Tufts, zool.McNutt, Dorothea. Wesleyan (111.)zool.Miller, Ruth A., Bryn Mawr. emb.Millikin, Eleanor, Wellesley. zool.Molina, Ana M., teacher biol. PortoRico. zool.Morris, Helen S., grad. Columbia.prot.Nabrit, S. M., instr. zool. Morehouse(Ga.) emb.Naylor, Ernst, instr. bot. Missouri.bot.Nelson, G. E., instr. biol. C. C. N. Y.Newcomer, A. Virginia, Goucher.zool.Newton, M. Isabel, asst. phys. Mt.Holyoke. phys.Olcott, C. T., instr. path. Cornell Med.l)hys.Pankratz, D. S., instr. biol. Kansas.phys.Parpart, A. K., instr. biol. Amherst.phys.Parsons, Elizabeth H., grad. OberKn.emb.Patrick, Rulh M., Coker (S. C.)bot.Pfeifer, Katherine M., Washington.(Mo.) zool.Pickett, W. N., Wabash, zool.Pinsdorf, Kate, Smith, bot.Prefcntaino, G. H., asst. biol. Montreal,zool.Py!e, Theresa P., Smith, bot.R-:!ck, Virginia D., asst. biol. Yale.zool.Richter, Marion C. R., Columbia.prot.Roberston, G. M., instr. biol. Dartmouth,prot.Rowell, L. S., instr. biol. Vermont.emb.Schmidt, L. M., instr. biol. Tufts.zool.Scott, Julian P., Kodaker. 0. M. 6.Shields, M. L., instr. biol. PhillipsAcad. (Mass.) prot.Shinar, Catherine, Hunter, zool.Shcrey, Dorothy C, Radcliife. Zool.Small, Virginia, B.utler (Iiid.) zool.Smclser, G. K., Earlhara (Ind.) zool.Snell, G. D., grad. Harvard, zool.Stabler, R. M., Swarthmore. zool.Steele, C. W., Missouri, phys.Stehr, W. C, asst. zool. Minnesota.zool.Sun, T. P., Rockefeller Foundation.zool.Te Winkle, Helen M., asst. zool.O'bi'rUn. phys.Tracy, Barbara, Connecticut, emb.Turnbul!, Virginia E., teacher DorchesterH. S. for Girls, zool.Turner, Edna M., asst. biol. NewVork. phys.Uhienhuthe, E., assoc. prof. anat.Maryland, phys.Van Rhyn, Elsie A., instr. biol. PortoRico. prot.Vv^aterman, A. J., asst. biol. WesternReserve, emb.Wells, Evelyn C, Tennessee, bot.Wen, I. C, fel. Rockefeller Foundation,emb.Wilde, Frances M., Radcliffe. zool.Woodard, Jr., T. M., instr. biol. Vanderbilt.emb.Woodruff, L. R., prof. zool. Yale. Br.Wu, C. F., asst. biol. Wisconsin, protZimmer, Dorothy K., grad. Columbiaproto.Zimmermann, Helen R., teacherMassachusetts H. S. bot.ADMINISTRATIONMacNaught, F. M., business manager,Crowell, Polly L., asst. to the businessnvanager.Chamberlain, Thelma I., secretary.MacNaught, Jeanette, office asst.Grizzle, Helen, secretary.LIBRARYMontgomery, Mrs. T. H. Jr., librarian.Underwood, Katharine, asst. libraian.Lawrence, Deborah, secretary.Chase, Hazel, typist.Rohan, Mary, file clerk.Lyman, Marvis, file clerk.NATIONAL RESEARCHCOUNCILCrocker, W., div. biol. and agr.Elliot, Edith L., sec. Board Nat. Res.Fellowships, biol. sciences.Thome, Louise C, Sec. to Dr. Cole.CHEMICAL SUPPLY ROOMStrong, O. S,. assoc. prof, neur., Columbia,Director.Wolff, W. A., grad. chem. Penn., asst.Director.Hoss, Dorothea, stud. Holyoke.Hale, Joseph, stud. Oberlin.Holbert, Pauline, stud. Elmira.Kril, Elsa, stud. Elmira.Mast, Louise, stud. Roland Park.McKeel, Evelyn, stud. Holyoke.Spivack, Betty, stud. Hunter.Zimmerman, Auerill, chem. and bact.Toledo Hospital.Richard, Oscar, grad. phys. Harvard.MECHANICAL DEPT.Larkin, T., supt.Khaler, R., as.st.MacBeth, B. J., night operatorSteele, N., firemanBUILDINGS AND GROUNDSjHilton, H. A., supt. buildings andgrounds.|Hemenway, W., carpenter.Bisco, A. H., storekeeper and headjanitor.Russel, R. L., gardner.Russel, M. R., night watchman.SUPPLY DEPARTMENTGray, G. M., Curator.Veeder, J. J., Captain.Lewis, E. M., Engineer.Leathers, A. W., Head of shippingdepartment.Hilton, A. M., Collector.Mclnnis, Jr., Collector.Godrich, J., Collector.Conklin, P., Fir.sman.Lehy, J., Collector and chauffeur.McAfee, Cora J., Secretary.Crowell, Ruth S., Secretary.Luce, H. N., Fish trap man.Liliie, W., Deckhand.Parrish, J., Collector.Sensenig, H. R., Collector.Alsever, J., Collector.Whitelaw, R. N. S., Collector.Hobbs, K., Collector.Yeomans, A., Collector.Mason, W. V., Collector.Ballard, F. J., Deckhand.Gray, 1. E., Curator's assistant; Assistantprofessor of Zoology TulaneUniversity, New Orleans, La.Wamsley, S. W., Special preparator;Supervisor of Schools, Charleston,S. C.PHRFAU OF FISHERIESFisheries Biological LaboratoryU. S. Department of CommerceHiggins, E., chief div. of scientificinquii-y, U. S. B. of F., Director.Bateman, C. B., technician, U. S. l'Dept. Agr.Buhrer, Edna M., jr. nematologist, U.S. Dept. Agr.Christie, J. R., assoc. nematologist,U. S. Dept. Agr.Cobb, N. A., nematologist, U. S.Dept. Agr.Cobb, A., lab. aid, U. S. Dept. Agr.Cohen, B., chem., U. S. Hygienic Laboratory.Cole, A. E., asst. prof, biol., Northwestern.Conger, P. S., diatomist, asst. CarnegieInstitution.Fordj Regina M., asst. librarian, U. S.B. of F. Washington.Fries, E. F. B., fel. zool., Harvard.Investigator.Galtsoff, Eugenia, lab. aid.Gates, G. E., prof. biol. Judson(Burma).Gee, H., Yale.Glancy, J. B., asst. biochem. PeaseLah. (N. Y.)Hall, F. G., prof. biol. Duke.rieinly, Helen M., jr. nematologist,U. S. Dept. Agr.Hemmeter, J. C, physician, Baltimore.Hill, S. E., fel. biol. Princeton, res.worker.LeHew, A. E., temporary asst. U. S.B. of F.Lepkovsky, S., bio. chem. WisconsinLewis, F. P., Bufi'alo.Linton, E., res. fel. Pennsylvania.MacCallum, G. A., parasitologist,Baltimore.McCarthy, Hallie M.. U.Sec. to the Director.S. B. of F.,Nesbit, R. N.,B. of F.jr. aquatic biol., U SO'Brien W., director,rium, Boston.Boston Aqua-Pease, H. B., tech. Pease Lah. (N. Y.)Pearse, R. L., temporary asst. U. SB. of F.Pearson, J. C, temporary asst. U. SB, of F.Perkins, E. B., temporary asst. U. SB. of F.Power, Gertrude L., jr. scientific aidU. S. Dept. of Agr.Scheidt, C, temporary asst. U. S. Bof F.Sette, O. E., Chief, Division of FisheryIndustries, U. S. B. of F.Smith, H. M., Director of Fisheries,Bangkok, Siam.Talavera, F., Pensionada, PhilipineGovernment.Wheeler, P. H., temporary asst. U. S.B. of F.Wilson, C. B., Head Science Dept.Mass State Normal School.CENTRIFUGESINTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO.352 Western Ave., Boston, Mass.These Centrifuges were developed to meet, in a practicalway, the varied requirements of many laboiratories. Theyare made in several sizes, with capacities ranging from'two tubes of 15 ml. each to ten cups of 1500 ml. each,and with relative centrifugal forces up to 3800 timesgravity.Bulletins CI and C2 describe the most used LaboratorySizes.Tiirtox Biology MaterialsThe Six Turtox Catalogs describeMODELSMICROSCOPE SLIDESLANTERN SLIDESSKELETONSMUSEUM PREPARATIONSAPPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTSLIVE AND PRESERVED SPECIMENSWrite for Your Catalogs TodayFor Botany, Zoology and EmbryologyThe Sign of the Turtox Pledges Absolute SatisfactionGENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSE(Incorporated)761-763 East Sixty-Ninth PlaceChicago :-: :-: :-: :-: Illinois

PAGE EIGHT THE COLLECTING NETBUS SCHEDULEWOODS HOLE, FALMOUTH & FALMOUTH HEIGHTS—SUMMERSCHEDULEIn Effect June 15 to September 1, 1927, inclusive.Rates Between—Woods Hole and Palmouth, 25c; Woods Hole andQuissett, 20c; Woods Hole and Falmouth Heights, 40ic; Quissettand Falmouth, 20c; Falmouth and Falmouth Heights, 20c.Children under 12 years of age, half fare.Children, under 12 years, Woods Hole and Falmouth, round trip, 25c.10 Trip Ticket, Woods Hole and Palmouth, $2.00 (Adults Only).Schedule Week Days(Daylight Saving Time)LeaveA. M. P. M.Woods Hole, 8.25 10.15 11.20 1.35 2.45 3.55 5.00 7.15 8.15 10.10DueFalmouth 8.45 10.30 11.40 1.55 3.05 4.20 5.20 7.35 8.35 10.25Fal. Heights 8.55 10.40 11.50 2.05 3.15 5.30LeaveA. M. P. M.Fal. Heights 9.00 10.40 11.50 2.05 3.13 .... 5.30Falmouth 9.15 10.50 12.00 2.15 3.25 4.20 5 40 7.45 9.30 10.30(E. Theatre)DueWoods Hole 9.35 11.10 12.20 2.35 3.45 4.40 6.00 8.05 9.50 10.50SCHEDULE—SUNDAYS ONLY(Daylight Saving Time)

YSCHOLARSHIP FUNDTO GET BIG BOOSTDR. HEILBRUNNGIVES LECTURETHE COLLECTING NET PAGE NINEsults by observing the time it "Protoplasm is a suspensiontakes for Brownian movement and it behaves like one." By ato re-distribute the granules consideration of the behavior ofonce more, and applying Einstein'sformula for Brownian rious charges, the conclusion isprotoplasm towards ions of va-Leonard B. Clark, the famous(Coiitinucci from Page 1)sailor and navigator, wants tomotion. And by applying the reached "that protoplasm is abuy a car. Robert Cushman,is to say, whether it is quite formulae of Einstein, Hatschek, positively charged suspensionfluid or relatively viscous. Oftenproprietor of the Crocker Garage,expert mechanic andand Bingham, the viscosity of which may be quite fluid in someenough physiologists assume the entire protoplasm (granules cells. How is thissalesman,wants to sell a car. The but just as often other physiol-several times that of the inter-out through the surroundingfluid suspensionprevented from scatteringthat protoplasm is a stiflf jelly, and intergranular material) , inCollecting Net wants Mr. Clark ogists base conclusions on the granular medium. "Protoplasm, medium? Obviously there mustto buy the car from the Crocker idea that it is a fairly mobile in some cases at least, is far be a fairly rigid membrane tofluid.Garage because Mr. Cushman As a matter of fact it from being a highly viscous enclose it, a membrane rigidmay be both, not only in differentcells, but even in the same ior of gelatin and metal sols granules shot against it by cen-fluid."has promised to donate the sumContrasting the behav-enough to resist the impact ofof ten dollars to the "C. N. cell at diff'erent times. There is with respect to their sensitivene

1PAGE TEN THE COLLECTING NETM. B. L. SATURDAYEVENING DANCEThe first Saturday eveningdance given by the M. B. L.Club will be held tonight, July9, from ninetill twelve o'clock, onthe main floor of the Club house.Jerry Bowes orchestra will playand there will be a speciallywaxed floor. The dance will befree to members of the club anda fee of .75 will be charged nonmembers.It is planned that this dancewill be the first of a series ofSaturday evening orchestradances at the Club. These planswill be carried out on conditionthat students taking the courses,and research workers, will respondto the urgent appeal forClub funds by paying the annualSI. 50 dues. This may bepaid at Mr. MasNaught's officeor at the door of the Club houseon the evening of the dance.All club dances will be free toclub members. Non-memberswill pay .75 per dance.DR. HEILBRUNNGIVES LECTURE(Continued from Page 9)tion of numerous vacuoles withinthe cytoplasm of sea-urchineggs, and long exposure to isotoniccalcium solutions, causescytollysis. These results agreewith the theory."If our hypothesis is correctit will, beyond any question,contribute to the solution of oneof the most important problemsin the colloid chemistry of thecell. Bacteria, protoza, tissuecells of higher animals, bloodcells, are all known to undergoa mysterious transformationwhich has been called a widevariety of names by the many,many workers who have studiedit. In cytolysis, hemolysis, or'tropfische Entmischung', • orcloudy swelling, the cell frequentlybecomes pale as a resultof a loss of pigment. Generallyit becomes filled with tiny dropletsor vacuoles. In the seaurchinegg, if our interpretationis correct, cytolysis is due to thefreeing of calcium within theegg interior. The free calciumunites with the pigment granules,possibly with the pigmentitself, ovothrombin is formed,and immediately a surface precipitationreaction is initiatedthroughout the cell. This isevidenced by the formation ofnumerous partitions or filmswithin the cell so that it appearsto be made up of a mass of vacuoles.In studying the colloidchemistry of protoplasm wemust be on the lookout for reactionscomparable to the internalsurface precipitation reactionas I have described it."Your reviewer might pointout that many influences maybring about gelatinization of thetrifugal force. The surfacemembrane of a cell is an osmoticmembrane and for this reasonalone, if for no other, we areinterested in understanding itsphysical properties."Dr. Heilbrunn considers theusual notion advanced in c. xtbooks,that the membrane resuits from a surface accumulationof substances which lower: intergranular protoplasmic fluidsurface tension (Gibbs' I'ule), which .ielling may be partial mas an "absurd idea on the face degrees or in extent; and followingthis, there may be diffe''-of it, for in order to have materialsaccumulate in a surface ential diffusions leading tofilm it is necessary to have a marked local differences in ionsurface film, and it is nard to concentrations, notably in pH.imagine a surface film between For gelitinization brings with ittwo watery solutions which, as a practical inhibition of thefar as the theory goes, are per-thorough mixing due to kineticfectly miscible. There are variousother arguments whi^hmight be cited against this universallyaccepted theory." Bya consideiation of the behaviorof torn protoplasm in marineeggs and in Protoza. He showsthat membrane formation resemble'^blood coagulation. "Ifcalcium aad pigmsnt granulesunite to form ovothrombin, whydo they not unite within the celland form a coagulation there?As a provisional hypothesis toexplain this point, let us assumethat calcium within the cell isfor the most part not free butbound up in some loose combinationwith lipoid. This hypothesisis very possibly wrong,but it has the advantage that itcan be very readily te.sted."Fat solvents cause a breakdownof pigment granules and forma-motion in the fluid. Thus if weprepare an agar jelly containinga little potassium ferrocyanideand some phenolpthaleinwith enough alkali to render thewhole pink, and then layer overthe set jelly some ferric chloride,for example, we soon seea white band appear and spreaddown the tube, followed by amore slowly advancing blueband. Hydrolysis and differentialdiffsion form sizable layerswithin a few seconds.Among the many other interestingfacts brought out by Dr.Heilbrunn is the viscosity-temperaturecurve of the egg of thedam Cuminciia, which shows apeculiar maximum at about 15"C. and also another near thefreezing point, and one at 30"C. "There is no known inanimatecolloid that behaves likethis . . . Protoplasm is notgelatin, nor egg albumin, norcasein. Its behavior is not likethat of any of these substances."This is certainly true. Perhapsthe peculiarities mentionedwill find their explanation whenwe experimentally determinethe behavior of mixtures of twoor more relatively simple colloids,as has been done by Dr.D. T. MacDougal of the DesertLaboratory at Tuscon, Arizona.Prof. H. Schade of Keil has alsopointed out the peculiar resultsof "entgegengesetzte Quellung",where two colloidal groups coexistand respond at differentrate to changes in H-ion concentrationand the like. Theremark of the French philosopherRousseau "Man is good,but men are wicked", seems toapply to colloids as well."As we learn more aboutwhat protoplasm is like, we maybe able to study the physicalproperties of colloidal systemswhich really resemble it in theirfundamental nature. Such studywill doubtless suggest newmethods of attack on the livingsubstance itself. In the yearsahead, biologists may hope topenetrate the mysteries of theliving cell with at least as muchsuccess as the physicists havehad in penetrating the mysteriesof the atom.Jerome Alexander.Beach Party?FRESH ROLLSBACONSAUSAGESTEAKS andCHOPSEVERYTHINGQUICK SERVICE LOW PRICESMorrison s MarketWoods IHo!e, Mass.The Elizabeth TheatreFALMOUTH, MASS.HIGH CLASS PHOTOPLAYSShowShort Reels Repeated After the Feature Picture.A COMPLETE SHOW AFTER 8.30Saturday Two Shows at 7.00 and 9.C0 O'clockStarts at 7.45 — Feature Picture at 8.30Matinees Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at 2.30Friday July 8HORSE SHOESwithMONTY BANKSSaturday July 9THE CALLAHANS ANDTHE MURPHYSwithMARIE DRESSLER ANDPOLLY MORANMonday July 1THE GENERALwithBUSTER KEATONTuesday July 12TAXI-TAXIwithRAYMOND HORTONWed. and Thurs July 13-14MICHAEL STROGOFFFriday July 15ON ZE BOULEVARDA New Metro-Goldwyn PictureTen Acre Farmin FALMOUTHDISTRIBUTORS FORS. S. PIERCE CO.

!;THE COLLECTING NET PAGE ELEVENEvolution of theChemical Room(Continued from Pag? 1)"Cogito ergo sum"—perhaps inthis case better "Appellatus ergosum"—has proven untrue, atleast in the case of the writerwho has not noticed any increasein his limited store ofchemical lore since he has beendubbed "Chemist". ProfessorHunter was succeeded in thisoffice by the writer in 1905, possibly1906. there being somedoubt about the date. At thepresent incumb-time when theent assumed this office theChemical Room occupied a portionof the second floor of themiddle part of the Old MainBuilding, now occupied by theclass in Protozoology. Thisportion was a part of the westside of this room, the remainderbeing occupied by the Libraryand two investigators' rooms atthe north end. The ChemicalRoom itself was thus about nfteento twenty feet long byabout twelve feet wide. Thisgenerous space was further increasedby a loft directly above,access to which was gained bya somewhat perilous and acrobaticascent by means of verysteep mov;ible steps. At thisprimitive period the chemicalactivities of the Chemist consistedmainly in mixing suchtime honored compounds asFleming's, Kleinenberg's, Perenyi'sand other similar fluids.We were not troubled then withmolecular weight solutions, buffersand other various standardizedsolutions, all against ashifting, chaotic background ofions, electrolytes, etc., with anumber of dubious new elementsthrcwn in to increase the confusion.Even at this early periodthe necessity of protectionagainst the withdrawal of undueamounts of expensive reagentswas exemplified by thefollowing incident, of perhapsdoubtful authenticity: an in-\ pstigator ordered a solutionof osmic acid. When askedv/hat strength, he said, "Oh,about ten per cent", and whenasked the amount he said"About two quarts"On his induction in hi.i officia'duties the Chemist wassolemnly presented by theDirector (Dr. F. R. Lillie)with a volume entitled"Memoranda, M. B. L., 1904F. R. L.. Inventory S-spt. 231904". This volume was about7x4", very slightly larger thanour present order books. Inthis we find some eight or ninepages devoted to an inventDr^of the "main storeroom". Itmight be of interest to give abrief summary of its items inthe order in which they occur.The undying thirst for fingerbowls was even then manifestedby the presence of 841 of them;Copliii Jars, 259; alcohol lamps,106; Naples jars, 458; balsambottles, 125 ; empty glass stopperedbottles of various sizes,about 750; alcohol bottles, 319:bottles with special reagents exclusiveof stock bottles, 240;battery jars of various sizes, 24 ;aquarium jars, round, 18, "and31 of various sizes in loft"; crystalizationdishes, about 125square glass trays, 82; glassfunnels, 30; mortars, 4; graduatedcylinders, including "4over old iron stairway", 68Syracuse watch glasses (evenLhen well represented), 693;hones, 5; Petri dishes, 81;Tralle hydrometer for spirit, 1Beaume specific gravity scales,4 ; centigrade thermometers, 28;graduated pipettes, 44 ; ungraduatedpipettes, 11; various sizesof beakers, 149 ; Erlenmeyerflasks, 133; wash bottles, 27;Jena flasks, 9; stender dishes.63 ; test tube stands, 30 ; shovels.38; pails, 14; siphon tubes, 6;.small paraffin baths, 17; bellJars, 5; square aquarium jars,5; paraffin filter, 1; iron tripods19: stock bottles, 28; nappies.126. This, however, does notapparently include the total laboratoryequipment for we findsome fifteen or sixteen pagesdevoted to various items headed"Phys. Shipment—3339" andcovering about five pages, there-^iaining ten being headed"General Supplies" with numbersapparently representingorders. If we pick out thechem.ical item.s they reach thestaggering total of over 100, theremainder being devoted to miscellaneouslaboratory supplies.We find also a heading "Phys,Store-room" with no inventoryindicated. It is to be suspectedhowever, that even at that earlydate the physiologists had beguntheir nefarious activitiesand absorbed those fifteen pagesof supplies.C'nirr! Nfxt Week)When Lookinsr for ReliableMerchandise TryARENOVSKI'SEit. 1392 Phone 410The Home ofHart Schaffner & Marx ClothinjLamron & Hubbard HatsFrintzess Suits, Coats andDressesEverything in the Way of SportClothesWalk-Over ShoesSatisfaction Guaranteed orMoney RefundedScientificEXHIBITInstrumentsJuly 1 9th to 29thLECTURE HALLBausch & Lomb Optical Co.Executive Offices and ManufactoryROCHESTER, N. Y.andSUPPLIESOur General Laboratory and Museum Supplies Include:Scientific Apparatus and Instruments, Chemicals, AnatomicalModels, Osteological Preparations, NaturalHistory Specimens and Preparations, Wall Charts,Museum and Naturalists' Supplies, Glass Jars,IMiscro'SCopes and Accessories.Biological and General Laboratory SuppliesTHE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATIONOF AMERICAD:pt. of Natural Science,G. Lagai, Ph.D.119-125 7th Ave.(Cor. 17th St.)New York Citv

PAGE TWELVE THE COLLECTING NETOUR AUTHORiteSThe chief duty of the CoastGuard is the patrolling of thecoast waters to apprehendDr. Edwin G. Conklin is professorof zoology at Princetonsmugglers, a considerable taskin this region where the coastUniversity and a member of theis well indented and the manyNational Academy of Sciences.small inlets and creeks offer anDr. Conklin came down toopportunity for illicit traffic.Woods Hole first in 1890, and Police duty is not their onlywith the exception of three ortask, however. The Coast Guardfour summers spent in Europe,is frequently called upon to performrescue work. In the pasthe has been with us constantly.During the summers of 1890-91year the Woods iiole base alonehe occupied the Johns Hopkins has performed over eighty-fiveUniversity Table at the Bureau rescues, eight of them occurringof Fisheries, and also did some withing a period of two weekswork over at the Marine BiologicalLaboratory. His studies ord of service for so short ain January—a considerable rec-were then devoted to the embryologyof Crepidula—and he rescuing wrecked vessels byperiod. Besides the work ofhas been carrying on investigationsin this field almost ever are the specialized life-savingmeans of the patrol boats, theresince.crews stationed at Gay HeadDr. Oliver S. St'/cng is professorand Nantucket where continuhistologyof neurology and neuroousfive mile patrols are main-at the College of tained on shore to guard thePhysicians and Surgeons, Columbiasafety of coastwise traffic.University. Dr. Strong'sinitial visit to Woods Hole was Beach Tennis Courts toin the summer of 1892. With Be in Readiness S^.or'.the exception of the summers of1900 and 1902 he has not misseda year out of the thirty-sixyears. During the years from1895-1901, inclusive, Dr. Strongwas associated with Dr. FrankR. Lillie in giving the course inembryology down this laboratory.Wide Area Patrolledby Local Coast GuardRecently, with the abolitionof the Coast Guard Station atNantucket, the Woods Hole basehas taken over their work andnow includes in its patrol areaall the coastwise waters as fareast as Monomoy Point (at theupward bend of the Cape) includingNantucket and theVineyard. The present equipmentconsists of fifteen seventyfivefoot patrol boats, threethirty-six foot pickets and onespeed boat. It is particularlyinteresting to know that thelast, the little grey fellow thatattracts so much attention as itchurns through the Hole is aconverted rum runner that wasfound adrift, and was inducedby the Coast Guard to abandonits nefarious ways and becomea useful citizen of these waters.Besides these smaller craftthere is the station ship, theWyandotte. This vessel is replacingthe familiar Acushnetwhich is now relieving a NewYork cutter, and will not be backin these waters until the Fall.The personnel of the basecomprises one hundred andsixty-two enlisted men, nineteenwarrant officersand three commissionedofficers, under theable command of Lieutenant R.L. Raney.Due to no fault on the part ofthe Courts Committee, the M. B.L. Tennis Club is not yet ableto present its full complementof courts for play. The workof reconstruction on the threeBeach Courts, which were tchave been ready for active useearly this Spring, has been unavoidablydelayed and as a resultthe Mess Court is the onlyone at present functioning. Itis hoped that in a very shorttime one of the Beach Courts(the East one) will be openedfor play and that work will continueactively on the other two.To avoid undue crowding of theone court now in use completecooperation is requested of themembers inthe matter of signingup for play.Dr. R. Bennitt is treasureragain this season and announcesthat he is continually in a receptiveframe of mind. He maybe found in Room 25 of the OldMain Building, and should receivepromptly the dues of allthose who desire to make use ofthe M. B. L. courts. The duesto members of the M. B. L. areas usual S5.00 for the seasonand S4.00 for the six-weeksperiod of the courses. The rateto transients is $1.00 a week orfraction thereof. Junior membership(for those under 16) is$2.50.In view of the crippled conditionof the courts this year, itseems advisable to dispense withthe annual tournament whichhas for so long been an outstandingfeature of the Club'sactivities. Should any changein this policy become possible,due announcement of the factwill be made on the various bulletin-boardsand through thecolumns of The Collecting Kef.TIis the imiKirtaiit factor in all )i4-ti\ itlentSAVE ITI»j-u»iing:The Wistar Institute Bibliographic Servicewhich brings to your table authors' abstracts of all papers' aboutto appear in the:•JouriKtl of Morplioloi^y and l*li.v8iolog:yThe Journal of Comparative Neurology'The Ainrrifan Journal of AnatomyThe Anatoniinil RecordThe Journal of Dxperimental ZoologyAmericUJi Anatomical MeinorisAmerican Journal of Physical AnthropologryFolia Anatoniicn Japonic-a {Tokyo. Japan)Biological BulletinThe Journal of rarawitologyStain TeIosyAuBtraiinn Journal of Experimental Biologyand Medical Science (Adtlaidc. South Australia)Advance Abstract Sheets _--__--_ $3.00 per yearBibliographic Service Cards _______ $5.00 per yearBeth appear before the complete articles are publishedTHE WISTAR INSTITUTETIi:rty-si\(h Stri"-t and V»o..jM:iiid A\rnne :: :: :: rhi!ade]phi;i, Pa.HOTPOINT ELECTRIC RANGESElectric heat is flameless, uniform in intensity,evenly distributed and easily regulated. Accurateheat control means that your favorite dish can bemade over and over again with uniformly successfulresults.Cost of cooking electrically is much less thangenerally supposed.CAFE AND VINEYARD ELECTRIC CO.Falmouth Hyannis Chatham Oak BluffsWALLACE'S MARKETMEATS and PROVISiONilStaple and Fancy GroceriesFresh Vesetabies in SeasonF. E. WALLAiOE, Prop.Established 1904FALMOUTH, MASS.SANSOUCiBARBER SHOPExpert Bofcibin,3rWOODS HOLE, MASS.

:Volume IINumber '2 WOODSBUREAU OF FISHERIESCONSERVATION WORKFish Commission Established by Congressin 1871The United States Pish Commissionwas established by Congressin 1871 and Spencer FullertonBaird was appointed thefirst Commissioner in the sameyear. Until 1903 the Commissionwas operated as an independentorganization but atthat time it was placed underthe administration of the, then,Department of Commerce andLabor and the title was changedto the United States Bureau ofFisheries. The duties of theCommission were outlined byProf. Baird in his report of1872-73 in the following wordswhich refer to the resolution ofCongress establishing the Commissdon: "The resolution . . .directed that it should be theduty of the Commissioner toprosecute the necessary inquiries,with a view of ascertainingwhether any and, if so, whatdiminution in the number offood-fishes of the coast and lakesof the United States had takenplace; and to determine whatwere the causes of the same, andto suggest any measures thatmight serve to remedy the evil."(Continued on Page 10)Laboratory ActivitiesTuesday, July 198.00 P. M.Evening Lecture. Dr. JacquesBronfenbrenner, Associate atRockefeller Institute. Subiect:"Studies in the Bacteriopliagreof d'Herelle" (provisional title).Motion pictures.Friday, July 224.00-6.00 P. M.Botany Tea.8.00 P. M.Evening Lecture. Dr. Frank R.Lillie, University of Chicago.Subject: "The Gene and theAutogenetic Process".Saturday, July 239:00-12:00 P. M.Club Dance. Orchestra. M. B. L.Club. Admission free to members;75c for non-members.Sunday, July 24Beginning at TwilightInformal Singing. Roof of BrickBuilding if the weather is good.Otherwise the group will gatherupstairs on the M. B. L. Clubporch.HOLE, MASS., SATURDAY, JULY 16, 1927Subscriiilirrii Sl.'Wsingle t'opk's. !:.

1>AGE TWO THE COLLECTING NET"The ChemicalRoom"Its Past and PresentDr. Olinr S. struiiBI'rnd'ssDr of Xfuniliiiiy ami Xmiro-Histolusy, t'lilli'Kf "f l'h.\sicians i:iulJ-'urgfous. Coliinilila I'liiviTsity.This is the siHomi installiiieut fDr. Strongs artuli' on the developmentof the Chemical Room.In a year or two it was foundthat a larger space was requiredfor the Chemical Room and newquartei-s were taken up in thebasement of the middle part ofthe Old Main Building includingthe adjoining end of the northwing. These quarters weremuch more spacious than theold, but the height of the ceilingin places made tall persons practicallyineligible as assistants.It may be remarked here that in1907 "the ad,ioining Dark Roomsfor photography in the southwing, with their marvelouslabyrinthine passages, were constructedunder the direction ofthe Chemist, accompanied bythe steadily increasing horrorof the Director at the mountingexpenses involved during construction.The basement ChemicalRoom had its mysteries too.A certain gentleman, now anhonored professor in one of ourbest known universities, was atthat time engaged to a younglady residing in Woods Hole towhom he v.-as soon to be married.One evening, on his wayto discuss with his fiancee certainimportant details of theirapproaching wedding, he encountereda certain animal indigenousto Woods Hole withvery disastrous results. Theconversation had to be conductedat long range, and on his re-turn he buried the discarded]garments in that portion of thenorth wing forming a part ofthe Chemical Room, this partat that time having no floor.Later the victim, thinking theprocess of deodorization wascompleted, requested anothermember of the Laboratory toexhume the aforesaid garmentsand send them to him. Thedirt floor of this part of theChemical Room, after the receiptof this request, resembled anewly ploughed garden ; butowing to some mistake in directionsthe garments were neverfound.It was during this so.iourn inthe basement that the ChemicalRoom discarded the loose slipsof paper on which orders weremade and which soon found theirway into the wastebasket andsub.stituted the present orderbooks which have been blessed(?) by investigators ever since.This was the suggestion, as theChemist remembers it, of ShiroTashiro who was then acting asassistant in the Chemical Roomand beginning there his nowfamous researches on the evolutionof carbon dioxide in neuraland other forms of vital activity.Move to Crane BuildingDuring the whole sojourn inthe basement the ChemicalRoom steadily expanded andwas very much crowded whenfinally transferred in 1914 tothe south side of the basementin the new brick building donatedby Charles R. Crane andopened for the first time thatseason. At that time the easternend of the basement, thepart now with a wooden floorand some other adjoining roomson the south end, were occupiedby Mr. and Mrs. Bisco.Before, however, this transferwas made an important innovationwas introduced by theChemist. This consisted in theappointment of a member of thegentler sex as one of the assistantsin the Chemical Room,Miss Dawscn. The Cheniistwell i-emembers the trepidationof the Director when this innovationwas suggested to him.Quite recently the Chemist remindedthe Director of this_ incident,pointing out the brilliantsuccess of this innovation andthe Director very gracefully explainedhis trepidation as dueto fear for the safety of thebachelor Chemist.The expansion of the ChemicalRoom and the consequentdesire for more space was by nomeans checked in the new quartersand soon longing eyes werecast upon Mr. Bisco's apartmentwhich was not really well adaptedfor residential purposes. Consequentlyin 1918 what wasknown as the old red KidderCottage was moved to its presentlocation and occupied byMr. Bisco and his former apartmentwas absorbed by the ChemicalRoom. Expansion continuedand in 1925 the ChemicalRoom added to its quarters thefine additional room containedin the new building opened then.The Chemist well remembersthe bland suggestion of theDirector that with this largeaddition the Bisco part wouldno longer be needed, but thissuggestion was firmly, fortunately,opposed by the Chemist.The Director in turn accusedthe Chemist of easting longingeyes, when looking over theplans, at the space allotted tothe present machine room acrossthe hall. It looks at present asthough the triumphant marchof the Chemical Room in thisdirection has been checked.Statistics Show GrowthIt might be well at this pointto indulge in some dry statisticsand glance at some figures ofexpenditures culled from theTreasurer's Reports from 1888to 1910. Owing to the way(Continued on Page 11)APPARATUS ROOMSENTAIL MUCH CAREPrecision and fragile apparatusowned by the Marine Bio-Laboratoi-y has been setlogicalaside in special rooms and casesin charge of a custodian. Thisgroup includes a fairly extensiveequipment of physical andphysico - chemical insftrumentswhich are kept in adjustmentand repair especially for research.The stock is indexed,and a list arranged alphabeticallyfor reference will be found inthe apparatus rooms office, room216, Brick Laboratory. Exceptingcertain instruments of precisionwhich are permanentlyreserved for comparison andcalibration the apparatus is accesiblefor short loans, but it isdesired that this equipment shallbe generally available and thatits use shall not be restricted toa small number of persons. Itis requested, therefore, that investigatorswho could not providethemselves with special apparatusplan their work so as tomake the best use of the moreexpensive and delicate instruments,by permitting for somerotation or interchange withothers. Where this is impracticablethe Laboratory will endeavorto provide the necessaryequipment but will in such casescharge a moderate fee for itsuse.Applications for use of thespecial apparatus may be m.adethrough Mr. B. M. Duggar, -Tr.in the Apparatus Rooms oflficeduring weekdays, 9 to 12 a. m.Advance requests which havebeen received in connection withthe Application for Research Accommodationsare on file andinstruments will be suppliedwhere possible in accordancewith these notifications.Reference to the general policyand working arrangement ofthe Department of ChemicalSupplies and Scientific Apparatuswill be found in the AnnualAnnouncement, 1927. pages 34to 36, together with instructionsconcerning certain specialequipment. It will be of advanta.geto those desiring the useof apparatus to reread thissection in the Announcement.Those who are strangersabout the Laboratory buildingsand who are unacquainted withthe general plan of distributingthe special apparatus, may findthe following statements concerningthe location of the morepermanent general apparatus,and the information regardingassociated matters of value andinterest.(Continued on Page 3)SPECIAL SALEOFMETAMl POCKETMICROSCOPEMn^nilicalion '>r>X )o (iO«XMet a 111! 1' »r;;.l);'. V.The Macmiilan Companyannounces publicationnext v/eek, July19th, ofWOODRUFF:Foundationsof Biology, ThirdEditionBAITS ELL: Manual ofBiological Forms, RevisedEdition.The most widely used collegetext in general Biology, and itsaccompanying laboratory manual,have been carefully revised.Significant recent advancesin this science are covered;illustrations have beenrevised and amplified; phraseologyhas been simplified; andthe use of unnecessarily technicalterms eliminated.Copies now on displayin the Library. Teachersof College Biologywill be mailed copieson request.AddressThe Macmiilan Company60 Fifth Aventr New York

—:;:THE COLLECTING NET PAGE THREE"The Story of Woods Hole"(Continued from Page 1)tion be purchased by such institutions,corporations, and personsand presented to the Governmentfor this purpose. Accordinglythe land and shoreline on which the buildings andwharves of the Bureau of Fisheriesnow stand was bought ofIsaiah Spindle for §7,250, andpresented to the Government,this sum being contributed bythe following donors:The Old Colony R. R. Co $2500Johns Hopkins University 1000Princeton University 1000Williams College 500Alexander Agassiz 500Jolin M. Forbes 1000Isaiah Spindle & Co 500Mrs. Robert L. Stuart 2d0Mr. Joseph S. Fay donatedthe tract of land along theshore between the present CoastGuard wharf and the entranceto Penzance.Mr. Agassiz for Harvardother collegesand universities namedUniversity and themade their contributions "withthe understanding that, as faras possible they were each to beallowed to send one specialist tothe station for the purpose ofcarrying on scientific work."(Fish Commission Report1883). This explains the factthat each of these institutionshas the privilege of appointinga representative to a table atthe Fisheries Bureau.When onone occasion this privilege wasdenied by the Commissioner ofFisheries Mr. Agassiz foughtthis decision and won his case.Thus the Fish CommissionLaboratory was permanentlyestablished at Woods Hole in1881, the land belonging to thepresent Fisheries Bureau wasacquired, and in the followingyear the present Laboratorywas built. In 1886 the "Residence"was constructed andthere Baird died in the summerof 1887.2. The Agassiz Laboratory atPenikese.While Woods Hole was thusselected as the permanent stationof the United States FishCommission another laboratory,short-lived but of great influence,was established by LouisAgassiz on Penikese, one of theElizabeth Islands, only fifteenmiles distant from Woods Hole.This small island about twothirdsof a mile long and halfas broad was given to ProfessorAgassiz by Mr. Anderson forthe purpose of establishingthere a summer school of NaturalHistory, and a large laboratoryand dormitory buildingwas erected and the schoolopened in the summer of 187.3.This was, according to ProfessorWhitman, "The first seasideschool of Natural History."®f)e draper of ^gas^s^i?(Continued from Page 1)Then the Master in his placeBowed his head a little space,And the leaves by soft airs stirred,Lapse of wave and cry of birdLeft the solemn hush unbrokenOf that wordless prayer unspoken,While its wish, on earth unsaid.Rose to heaven interpreted.As, in life's best hours, we hearBy the_jpirit's finer earHis low voice within us, thusThe All-Father heareth us;And his holy ear we painWith our noisy words and vain.Not for Him our violenceStorming at the gates of sense.His the primal language, hisThe eternal silences!Even the careless heart vvas moved,And the doubting gave assent.With a gesture reverent.To the Master well-beloved.As thin mists are glorifiedBy the light they cannot hide.All who gazed upon him saw,Through its veil of tender awe,How his face was still uplitBy the old sweet look of it.Hopeful, trustful, full of cheer,And the love that casts out fear.Who the secret may declareOf that brief,unuttered prayer?Did the shade before him comeOf the inevitable doom,Of the end of earth so near.And Eternity's new year?In the lap of sheltering seasRests the isle of Penikese;But the lord of the domainComes not to his own againWhere the eyes that follow fail.On a vaster sea his sailDrifts beyond our beck and hail.Other lips witthin its boundShall the laws of life expoundOther eyes from rock and shellRead tthe world's old riddles well:But when breezes light and blandBlow from Summer's blossomed land.When the air is glad with wings.And the blithe song-sparrow sings,Many an eye with his still faceShall the living ones displace.Many an ear the word shall seekHe alone could fitly speak.And one name forevermoreShall be uttered o'er and o'erBy the waves that kiss the shore.By the curlew's whistle sentDown the cool, sea-scented air;In all voices known to her,Nature owns her worshipper.Half in triumph, half lament.Thither Love shall tearful turn.Friendship pause uncovered there.And the wisest reverence learnFrom the Master's silent prayer.Lou^s Agassiz died in December,1873, and the school was continuedthe following summerunder the direction of his son,Alexander Agassiz, and wasthen abandoned owing chieflyto its inaccessibility.On the opening day ProfessorAgassiz gathered all the studentsin the large laboratoryroom and amid the noise of carpenters'hammers occurred thescene celebrated by Whittier inhis poem, "The Prayer of Agassiz".This large building whichwas in the form of an H had thelaboratories on the first floorand dormitories on the second,one wing for men and the otherfor women. In addition to thisbuilding there were a mess halland kitchen and the house ofthe director. After two sessionsthese buildings stood unoccupieduntil about 1894, whenthey were destroyed by fire. Atone time it was proposed totransport the laboratory buildingto Woods Hole, but ProfessorBaird found that the costwould not warrant this undertaking.Agassiz had a number offramed mottoes hung in thelaboratory, among them thefollowing"Study Nature, not Books.""The Laboratory is to me aSanctuary;I would have nothing done init unworthy of the GreatAuthor."These and other mottoes werebrought to the M. B. L.by AssistantDirector Bumpus about1893 and were hung in the oldlibrary room, irrespective of thefact that the first of these mottoeswas scarcely appropriatefor a library.The influence of the PenikeseSchool was out of all proportionto its length of life; during itsbrief existence many subsequentleaders in American biologystudied or taught there,among these, W. K. Brook, CorneliaClapp, Alpheus Hyatt,David Starr Jordan, CharlesSedgwuck Minot, Edward S.Morse, C. 0. Whitman, Burt G.Wilder and many others. Inaddress at the opening of theMarine Biological Laboratoryin 1888, Professor Whitmansaid : "At the close of the secondand last session at Penikesein 1874, Alexander Agassiz appealedto all the colleges and allinterested Boards of Educationfor support; but all in vain, fornot a single favorable reply wasreceived, and so his intention toremove the laboratory to WoodsHole was never carried out.Thus that great and memorableundertaking, after absorbingenough money to build andequip a most magnificent laboratory,was abandoned for(Continued on Page 5)

IPAGE FOUR THE COLLECTING NETDUGGER LECTURESON PLANT VIRUSESDr. D. P. Duggei', professor of plant physiology and economic biologyat the University of Wisconsin, deliver a lecture on virus diseases ofplants on the evening of July 8.Author's SummaryIn this discussion of investigationson some virus diseasesof plants the lecturer confinedhimself to those diseases withtypical "mosaic" characteristics,especially the mosaic disease oftobacco. This disease exhibitsas the most striking symptom ablotched (deep green and yellowgreen) appearance of theleaves accompanied by deepseatedhistological changes, butlittle if any necrosis. The virusis readily transmissible bymeans of diseased juice, butnonculturable outside of thehost, so that experimental workof all types involves infectionexperiments.After a consideration ofrather extensive cytologicalstudies made recently, in whichem.phasis has been laid on thepossible significance of certainintracellular bodies variouslyidentified as "protozoan-like","pathological", etc. it was pointedout that while cytologicalstudies might be suggestive,final proof of the nature of thecasual agency must be based ona variety of experimental .studies.These last were presentedunder three primary captions,filtration, m.echanical comminution,and adsorption.Filtration experiments werecarried out with a variety ofcommercial and adapted filtertypes, including porcelain, clay,silicious earth, and collodion.These were tested and standardizedas to grade of porosity, asfar as practicable, by means ofhydrophilic colloidal solutionswith particles of approximatelyknown size. Parallel controlwork was done with some smallforms of bacteria. The generalresult of the filtration work wasthe determination that the infectiousagency might exist inthe form of particles about thesize of hemoglobin particles in astandard one per cent solution,calculated to be about 30-35uu.a size beyond microscopic vision.It was found that for all practicalpurposes there was no interferencewith filtration on accountof the charge on the surface—whethernegative or positive.Such filtration experiments,admittedly, throw nolight on the capacity of thevirus to be drawn out into extremelyattenuate threads, butitwas felt that the grinding ex-(Continued on Page 0)ReviewDoctor Bugger's lecture onplantviruses showed such careful,logical and thorough experimentationand such judiciousand clear presentation that reviewof it, beyond his own summary,is unnecessary. Thewriter will therefore contenthimself with a few added commentson the subject of virusdiseases of plants. JMoreover,these comments must be consideredas those of a layman oramateur in the field, for virusdiseases are quite aside from thewriter's field of investigation.The main claim the writer hasto knowledge in this field is contactin his laboratory with severalinvestigators of virus diseases.His knowledge of virusdiseases has been acquired muchas carbon takes up the viruses,Vy absorption.There is no doubt about theenormous economic loss causedby these diseases-. It is a questionwhether this loss is greatlyexceeded in many crops by thedamage caused by the combinedinjury of fungal and bacterialdiseases. Moreover the injurycaused by virus diseases seemsto be increasing at an alarmingrate. A few years ago we foundin the literature a few referencesto "physiological diseases".Today the literature inplant pathology is filled witharticles on virus diseases showingthe great tolls taken by thesediseases. This increase may bedue in part to increases in transportationof plant productswhich distribute both the virusesand their insect carriers andin part this increase may be onlyapparent. We are just learningto notice losses that have longexisted but escaped our attention.The fact that virus diseasesare not wholly or rapidlyfatal, but manifest themselvesby greater or less reduction ofyields in many cases, by partialor complete sterility in othersor by gradual killing over a periodof years in still others, haslead us to overlook for a longtime the insidious cau.ses of theselosses.One of the diflSculties met inlontrolling virus diseases is thefact that under certain conditionsthey may be present in aplant in masked form, that is,without showing the usualsvmptoms or even marked reductionin grovrth. Withchanged conditions for gro^v+hthe disease may develop in itsmost destructive form. Thebulbs of lilies imported fromBermuda and Japan are a goodillustration. The plants asgrown in these countries showno marked diseased symptoms,but when the bulbs are grownin the United States the plantsare mainly worthless due tovirus diseases carried on thebulbs. It is only recently thatthe cause of poor productionfrom these apparently goodInilbs has been realized. Thesecountries must learn to growthe lilies free from virus diseases,we must produce suchbulbs ourselves or lilies mustcease to hold their importantplace amongst ornamentals. It.seems very likely also that thesevirus diseases are the cause ofmuch of the sterility tiiat hasbeen found in lilies by geneticists;this sym.pton of the diseasebeing interpreted as agenetic character.Some of the potato virus diseases—andthere are several ofthese—manifest themselves onlywhen the crop is growing attemperatures below 27 degreesC. At 27 degrees C and abovethe ordinary symptoms disap-fFor some years Bermudapear.has been trying to grow her seedpotatoes for fall planting inLong Island. This has been anuphill job because of the abundanceof virus carrying insects.With her best efforts the seedstill bore enough virus tc reducjthe yield forty percent. Theyreport this year that seed cropon Long Island shov/s fiftypercentmosaic and will not usable.The high percentage of mosaicappearing this year may be dueonly to the cool season. Theseed grown other years mayhave been as bad but the conditionsof growth masked thesymptoms.Potatoes can be grown in thenorth most states of the UnitedStates almost entirely free frommosaic, but Bermuda has notformerly been able touse thesefor seed, for the reason that thepotato requires nine to twelveweeks rest and the noi-thernpotatoes are harvested only afew weeks before they must beplanted in Bermuda. RecentlyDenny has discovered certainchemicals which force the potatointo immediate growth andthe far northern potatoes yieldmuch better in Bermuda thanLong Island seed. Bermuda'spredicament this year with herLong Island seed may lead herto adopt this .physiologicalriiethod of control. This is onlyone illustration of several methodsthat have been worked outfor partially controlling mosaicdiseases in one crop or another.In the main, however, controlmethods have not been devisedand it is going to be no simplematter to work out methods toprotect ourselves against thetremendous losses from virusdiseases.Virus diseases of plants inone sense are developing a veryinteresting situation. Thesediseases are largely transmittedby insects. Their understandingand control are calling forthe united effort of plant pathologistsand entomologists.These two groups are accordinglybeing drawn together intheir work. The entomologistsare also coming to realize thatthe direct injury insects do toplants is hardly move significantthan their indirect injury asvirus carriers.A group of virus diseases ofplants thai Doctor Duggar didnot include in nis diocussion areof great interest. This groupis well exemplified bj' "asteryellows". This disease has sofar as knov,-n a specific cai-rier,Cicachila sexnotata, a species ofleafhopper. The virus mustalso be in the body of the insectfor sometime before it is transmissibleto other plants. Curiouslyenough L^.s same diseasecan be transmitted by the sameinsect to many different plantsincluding fifteen families andmore than fifty species. Curiouslyenough too the favoredhost of this insect, China aster,was imported from China wherethe disease does not appear andthe carrier was imported fromEurope where the disea.se doesnot also appear. Bringing thefavored host and the carrier togetherhas caused much trouble.The question naturally ariseswhere was the disease causingagent before the favored hostand carrier were brought together.Did it exist on certainplants in America with someother insect carrier, or is it amatter of recent origin? Forthese questions we have no answeras yet.The transmission of "asteryellows" and the required incubationperiod in the carrier'sbody reminds one of two humandiseases, namely; yellow feverand malaria. In both of thesehuman diseases the organismscausing the diseases have beenfound and studied and are ofmicroscopic dimensions. In"aster yellows" the highestpower of the microscope, darkfield illumination and ultra photographswith ultra violet lighthave all failed to show any organisms.These facts add stillmore to the puzzling nature ofthe causitive agents of virusdiseases of plants, as developedby the lecturer. There are severalplant virus diseases thathave specific carriers like "asteryellows" and that can be tran.smittedin nature, so far asknown, only by these carriers.To what extent the virus in(Continued on Page 9)

:B. of F. Seminar HearsHail and Galstoff TalkOn Thursday, July 7th, thestaff of the Bureau of Fisheries,independent investigators of thelaiboratory and a number of invitedguests from the M. B. L.colony joined in the first weeklyround table discussion of researchproblems in the parlorsof the Fisheries residence building.Dr. P. S. Galstaff, chiefoyster investigator of the Bureau,discussed in a most interestingmanner the Bureau's oysterinvestigations on the varioussections of the coast fromCape Cod to Texas, dwellingparticularly on the studies beingconducted at Woods Holeand giving the results of his recentexperiments on ciliary motionin the oysters with its bearingon hibernation and selfpurification and also experimentson artificially inducedspawning. Dr. Galstofi" outlinedhis investigation proposed forthe coming summer, mentioningstudies on the effects of heavymetals on the metabolism of oystersin which he will work incollaboration with Dr. SamuelLepkowsky, biochemist from theUniversity of Wisconsin.Dr. F. G. Hall from DukeUniversity, a temporary investigatorof the Bureau, discussedhis studies which began severalyears ago on changes in thecomposition of fish blood in responseto changes in the environment.Dr. Hall explainedhis studies on the effects of as-Dhyxiation and changes in salinityas shown by the compositionof the blood system. Bothpapers inspired a free and informaldiscussion, which wasfollowed by a social hour duringwhich refreshments wereserved. Many enjoyed dancingin the smoking room, while bothnewcomers and old timers wereafforded an opportunity to becomeacquainted.Apparatus RoomsEntail Much Care(Continued from Page 2)Location of the more GeneralEqtdpmentMany of the heavier pieces ofapparatus are not loaned butlocated at convenient placesabout the Laboratory buildingsconnected for use, o," availableto be moved into a suitable spotfor work. Smaller and moreportable outfits of the same kind,however, are to be found in oneof the apparatus store rooms andloaned on application. In sucha list of equipment with definitelocation, may be included thebalances or scales, centrifuges,filter-pumps, gas tanks, Kjeldahlshelves, ovens, photographicequipment, refrigerators andcold rooms, Soxhiet extractors,sterilizers, etc. Briefly theirlocations are as follows:Baances200 gram capacity, 1/10 mgnisensititivity, analytical type.Rooms 112, 119, 212, 31GNorth wing O. M.First floorBrick Laboratory2 kilogram capacity,THE COLLECTING NET PAGE FIVEBol.Room 119Br.North wing 0. M.First floor5 kilogram capacityRoom 212Bot.BrTrip scales and torsion balancesinBalance Rooms andon application through ApparatusRoom Office.Precision balances andweights in care of certainindividuals.CentrifugesRooms 110, 122, 205, 313 Br.First floor 0. M.Portable electric and handcentrifuges on application.Filter-pumps attached to waterpipes in most laboratoryroom or on application.Pumps of glass constructionobtainable through ChemicalRoomSpecial equipment for intivmittentwork and high vacuumby application throughApparatus Rooms OflSceKjeldahl distilling and digestingshelvesRoom 108 and 121 Br.Extra shelves and equipmentonapplication.Photographic safelights, etc.Rooms under InvertebrateZoology Class Room, incharge of Dr. E. C. Cole,Room 24, 0. M., Room 315Br.Safelights (Wratten & Wainwrightscreens) on applicationto fit ceiling fixtures inLaboratory dark rooms.RefrigeratorsSpecial cold rooms, basement.Brick Lab. (Adjustments oftemperature in charge of Mr.T. E. Larkin, Superintendentof Machinery, Room 7-a.Br.).Refrigerators with iceRoom 122, also corridor ofthird floor. Brick Lab.North wing 0. M.Soxhiet extractorsRoom 110Br.Sterilizers, including verticalautoclaves, Lautenschlagerhot air-ovens, etc.Rooms 1, 111, 121, 206, 315Br.First floorBot.Freas Drying Oven Room110, Br.X-Ray equipment in charge ofof Dr. J. W. Maver, R. 343,Br.Smaller portable devices, ApparatusRooms.Special Service InformationIn addition to the equipmentfor scientific work several mattersassociated with the use andconstruction of apparatus havebeen developed in the Laboratoryalong different lines.Those in connection with the ApparatusRooms, or which incertain instances affect morethan one individual or stockroom and involve special apparatusare briefly mentioned below.Occasional reference to this informationwill be found helpfulin expediting research" work inone way or another.Catalog File. Adjoining Room216, Brick Laboratory, will befound a file of apparatus catalogsand bulletins of numerousmanufacturers and dealers, arrangedalphabetically and keptup to date. Investigators whodesire to procure special informationconcerning cost andavailability of apparatus maymay consult this file or borrowfor brief periods the printedmatter on hand.Electrical connections andlighting fixtures. Desk lampsand table lights are furnishedwith each room, or on applicationto Mr. Bisco, Room 6, BrickLaboratory. Special fixtures,changes in the wiring, or connectionsto the special low orhigh voltage circuits may be arrangedwhen necessary thruMr. Larkin, Room 7-a, basement,Brick Lab. Before attachingspecial devices to the electricoutlets it will be well for eachinvestigator to look over thevoltage and ampere rating onthe name plate, or consult withMr. Larkin. The general lightingcircuit in all buildings of theLaboratory is 115 volts. DirectCurrent, and the outlets willnormally carry 5 amperes satisfactorily(550 to 600 watts).Under these conditions resistanceunits are required for lowvoltage devices ; transformerscannot be used in the direct currentcircuits.It will be well for each one tobear in mind that one side of theelectric circuits is connected tothe ground and hence leakageresulting in possible damage to(Continued on Page 7)CENTRIFUGESINTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO.352 Western Ave., Boston, Mass.These Centrifuges were developed to meet, in a practicalway, the varied requirements of many laboratories. Theyare made in several sizes, with capacities ranging fromtwo tubes of 15 ml. each to ten cups of 1500 ml. each,and with relative centrifugal forces up to 3800 timesgravity.BulletinsSizes.CI and C2 describe the most used LaboratoryTIMEIS the important factor In all activitiesSAVE ITby UHinfrThe Wistar Institute Bibliographic Servicewhich brings to your table authors' abstracts of all papers aboutto appear in the.Journal of Moriilioloj-y and PliysioloeyThe .Journal of Comparative NeuroloByThe .American Journal of AnatomyThe Anatomical RecordTile .Journal of Experimental ZoologyAmerican Anatomical Memoris.American Journal of Physical AnthropologyFolia Anatomica Japonica (Tokyo. Japan)Biological BulletinThe Journal of Parasitology.Stain Technology.Australian Journal of Experimental Biologyand Medical Science (Adelaide. .South Australia)Advance Abstract Sheets53.00 per yearBibhog-raphie Service Cards $5.00 per yearBoth appear before the complete articles are publishedTHE WISTAR INSTITUTEThirty-sixth Street and Woodland Avenue :: :: :: :: Philadelphia, Pa.

space,jjisPAGE SIX THE COLLECTING NETThe Collecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine Biolo^calLaboratcry and of Woods Hole ingeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSRobert Chambers, Prof, of Anatomy,Cornell Uaivjrsity Medical School.Edwin J. Conklin, Prof, of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of zoology,Yale Ui.iversity.EDITORIAL STAFFWare Cattell EditorDorothy Ale\inder As3t. EditorHugh Montgoin-ry Art EditorMrs. L. V. Hoilbrunn. .General NewsHelen S. Morr:.; General NewsContributing EditorsJack FoggSport NewsWard I. Gregg InvertebrateMary HardestyEmbryologyT. G. Adams ProtozoologyBu:.:ness Staffvl.u.ir.rlnc U.idc- ,vood.,.Bas. Manager{Application for entry as second-classmatter is pending.)The U:Kversal PressNew BedfordWoods HoleMassachusettsCur HomeWe appreciate greatly theprivilege of using the TrusteesRoom which was extended to usduring the preparation of the"Directory for 1927". At thistime frequent consultation wasnecessary with those personsworking in the business officeof the Laboratory, and theproximity of the latter lightenedour task.The Collecf'ng Net has nowbecome established in its newheadquartersin the Old CarpenterShop which was the"Bake Shop" in the old whal-Sunday SingingOnce it was the custom formembers of the laboratory togather every Sunday evening attwilight for informal singing.At these gatherings "laboratory"songs were sung alongwith the old melodies known byevery one. The revival of thiscustom beginning next Sundayevening will do its part in restoringthe "community spirit"which has been partly lostwiththe rapid growth of the laboratory.Older people numberthese evenings of singing asamong the most enjoyable hoursspent at Woods Hole—and weare confident that those who canfind time to this Sunday will attendagain the following week.DIRECTORY ADDENDAADDITIONSShauffler, W. G. phys. (Princeton)Br. 225.Mathews, A. P. prof. phys. CincinnatiBr. 344.Phipps, R. mechanician, mechanicaldept.CORRECTIONS'^rane, S. collector.Sribyatta, L. fel. Rockefeller Inst.Br. HI.Thorn, Louise C. see. to Dr. Crocker."The Story of Woods Hole"(Continued from Page 3)shelves of each rack.The wallshelf racks are indicated by WA,WB, etc. and the tables as TA,TB, etc. There is a separatelocked cabinet filled with drawersfor the dyes, drugs and someof the rarer metals. As a minornoint, but possibly of interestit may be mentioned that the Inumbers of the shelves, thechemical symbols of the basesoccupying certain shelves and|ether similar de.signations arestenciled with a water paint andsubsequently brushed over with Ishellac. Other more completeand time-consuming labeling,|more subject to change, is simp-ily neatly lettered on the edgesof the shelves with soft yellowchalk. When this is sprayedv/ith a solution of shellac in anatomizer it is fixed so that itcannot be readily rubbed off.When changes are desired thewhole label can easily be re-loved with alcohol and a piece;of cloth.Careful Records KeptSome ten years ago or thereaboutsthe Chemist felt it in-ing days—and there it findsample and quiet. An,em.bryo project thus installs itselfin an ancient setting. Here cumbent upon him to get up anwere made the sea biscuits elaborate catalogue of the ChemicalRoom supplies which wouldwhich the whalers stored in thehold of their vessels in preparationfor their long and advenposes.While a card cataloguealso be used for inventory purturousvoyages around Cape has many advantages, it is notHorn. Later it was a tenement easily handled and is liable tohouse, but it was not until 1916 become mixed up when used bythat the Laboratory acquired more than one person. Consequentlyit was decided to use athis historic and picturesquebuilding.loose leaf catalogue with intercalated.sheets for inventoriesbearing the names not only ofthe Chemical Room but of thevarious biuldings in whichsome of the supplies might belocated at the time the inventoryi's taken. By pursuing the policyof entering all the various sizesof given articles, whether at thattime in possession of the Laboratoryor not, and by leavingspaces for the intercalation ofadded items in their properplaces, the catalogue, althoughvery bulky, was of such a characterthat very few changes inthe leaves have had to be madesince. Not only were the itemsshown, but also the cataloguenumbers from a well-known andlarge firm, such as Eimer andAmend, were indicated and onthe backs of the opposite pages,which were blank, correspondingillustrations cut from thecatalogue were pasted, therebymaking it much easier for assistantsunfamiliar with thesupplies to identify the variousarticles. Dates of purchaseand also catalogue prices wereadded. Although the latter aresubject to considerable changesthey nevertheless furnish generalindications as to the valuesof the articles. The firms areindicated by initials and in thefront part of the catalogue thereis a key to these initials givingnames of the firms andthe fulitheir addresses, such data beingoften very uesful in orderingmore supplies. Other abbreviationsused are also explained inthis place. The extension inventorysheets can be removedwhen filled and others insertedin their place. The locationin the Chemical Room ofeach item is also noted on themain page after each item.While such a catalogue is notivery often consulted by membersof the staff who have becomefamiliar with the locationof supplies it is often very usefulto new members and is necessaryfor .stability in their generalarrangement.Before taking up the generalfunctions of the Chemical Roomand the system upon which it isrun, it may be well to remarkthat the Chemical Roomis largely postplanned. not preplanned.In postplanning theresimply a codification of thesystem after it has been evolvedby actual experience. Preplanningconsists in laying out asystem even down to minute detailsbefore it is put into actualoperation. While preplanning isto some degree necessary, preplannersare usually more or lessof a nuisance in imposing theirideas, aesthetic, utilitarian andotherwise, upon their unfortunatevictims. A postplannedcodification of the system pursuedin the Chemical Room, asevolved from past experience,was embodied by the Chemist ina pampOilet, some eight or tenvears ago, and presented to theDirector. The IDirector glancedat the somewhat bulky pamchlet,his face at first fell and thenbrightened as he said "Well thissimply embodies what we havebeen doing right along, doesn'tit?" Upon being assured thatno preplanned atrocity wasabout to be inflicted upon theMarine Biological Laboratorypublic, he promptly approved thedocument and handed it back tothe author, thereby deftly avoidingits perusal.It is proposed to quote freelyfrom this admirable documentat the risk of repeating variousnotices already seen ad nauseamby members of the M. B. L.The department of "ChemicalSupplies", located in the "ChemicalRoom" has charge of theordering, storing and distributionof all laboratory apparatus(excepting the more delicateand expensive apparatus alreadyalluded to as in charge of ProfessorPond), glassware andreagents including drugs anddyes, owned by the M. B. L. andused by the M. B. L. investigatorsand classes during theirwork in the M. B. L. laboratories.It does not sell or in anyVv-ay provide supplies to be usedelsewhere than in the M. B. L.The titles "Chemical Supplies"and "Chemical Room" are thusnot entirely accurate but werechosen to sharply differentiatethe department from the "SupplyDepartment" (under Mr.Gray in the Stone Building)which furnishes biological material(animal and plant) notonly to investigators and classesof the M. B. L. but sells the sameto various other institutions andalso sells certain other supplieswhich investigators at the M. B.L. may require for their permanentuse. The ChemicalRoom staff makes up the variousfixing, hardening, preservingand staining solutions, andcertain standardized reagentsused by investigators and classesin ordinary biological and chemicalwork. It aoes not, howwer,'undertake special chemical workfor individuals or classes.The main duties of the ChemicalRoom staff are thus (a)ordering .supplies, (b) keepingthese supplies in order and inproper condition while stoi'edin the Chemical Room, attendingto their distribution to investigatorsand classes and totheir return, after use, in propercondition to their properplaces in the Chemical Room,making up certain solu-and (c)tions etc. for biological andchemical work. It may be remarkedthat certainsupplies toclasses are kept permanentlyoutside the Chemical Room andare largely under the care of theinstructors but over these theChemical Room staff exercisesa certain amount of supervi.''>ion.In certain cases also where investigatorsare reasonably certainof returning the next seasonand of using the same supplies,by signing a card providedfor that purpose the suppliesremain in their room until nextseason or are kept apart in theChemical Room until their returnthe following season.(To Be Continued)

.IGlass-bloivingOrchestra Dances to BeHeld Regularly by Clubparticularly to girls. Gentlemenare also requested to be unaccompanied,although this rulewill not necessarily be in effectat the end of the dance.Scholarship FundNot Yet BoostedMr. Leonard B. Clark has notyet purchased the Ford fromMr. Cushman of the CrockerGarage. The latter, with hiscorps of mechanics, has beenworking almost incessantly —but still he does not feel preparedto let the car get outsideof the garage under the weightof a six-foot Canadian (wemean that he is afraid that thecar might not remain intact undercircumstances such asthese)However, we learn that thingshave been put up in splints andpacked and supported to extentalmost sufficient to get by.Clark, it is understood, willhave it out on trial this weekend.We are wondering howfar he will be able to get andjust how much of it he will beable to take back to Mr. Cushman.Pressure is being brought tobear from every possible source—and the chance of getting theten dollars for our cholarshipfund seems to ge a good one.It is rumored that Mr. Clarkhad an engagement to go outfor a drive on this coming Sundaywith a certain young lady.For some reason, shortly afterreading the last issue of TheCollecting Net, she told himthat it would be quite impossiblefor her to keep the engagement.We apologize to Mr. Clark forhaving upset his plans, but canonly remind him that it hasbeen the long-standing policy ofThe Collecting Net to reportthe facts as it knows them to be.Apparatus RoomsTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE SEVENEntail Much CareM. B. L. Club's first dance of (Continued from Page 5)Carbon Dioxide, etc.the season was held Saturday a device or to the permanent apparatusabout the buildings mayevening, July 9, and was so wellpatronized that plans have been result if care is not exercised.completed for orchestra dancingat the Club regularly everyKeep electrical outfits awayfrom the water and the concretefloors or walls. Ask for informationin case you are not cer-Saturday evening during thesummer months.tain of the outfit you desire toA double stag party will be use.given at the next dance in anService. Foreffort to let newcomers becomesmall and minor repairs toglass apparatus individual outfits,consisting of blast-lampsbetter acquainted. Everyonewishing to attend the dance on and air bellows or motor blowersSaturday, July 16, is requested may be loaned for short periodsto come singly. This applies from the Apparatus Rooms.More difficult work may be arrangedthrough a glass-blower,available at certain times duringthe season. Arrangementsshould be made in advance forthis service either through theChemical Room or ApparatusRooms.Excepting certain materialsregularly stocked by the Laboratory,the work is done at cost,the glass-blower's time beingthe chief item, at $2.50 per hour.Incmidescetit lamps. Incandescentelectric light bulbs withstandard screw (Edison) basefor desk and general laboratoryillumination are providedthrough Mr. Bisco, for use inthe devices which are suppliedto investigators.Replacements for special apparatus,scientific equipment,heating units, and the like aresupplied by the ApparatusRooms office for those devicesowned by the Laboratory.Special lamps, bulbs with bayonetbases, miniature lights,etc. for experimental work maybe purchased through the SupplyDepartment, or through thelocal shops. The Penzance Garagenear the Laboratory buildingscarries a stock of flashlightand automobile bulbs.Mechanical work. A machineshop is located in the Brick Laboratory,equipped for certainoperations with standard andspecial tools, and with a machinist,Mr. R. E. Phipps, assignedto apparatus work. Investigatorswho have need ofrepairs of a technical nature orspecial construction may makearrangements either throughthe Apparatus Rooms office orby direct application to Mr. Larkinor Mr. Phipps. ExceptingmJnor repairs a record is madeof labor involved and stock used,since in most cases special apparatusis constructed of sucha nature as to be used again byworkers coming to the Laboratory.Special apparatus, or expensiveconstruction is chargedat cost to the individual forwhom the arrangements aremade, if in the judgment of theLaboratory the work does notprovide generally useful apparatus.Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen,The morecommon gases in metal cylinders(100 and 200 cu. ft. bottles)are available through theChemical Room if applicationis made in advance. Small(fractional cubic foot) cylindersof oxygen and carbon dioxideare provided with specialattachments through the ApparatusRooms. All reducingvalves, regulators and fittingsare supplied by the ApparatusRooms.Special care is frequently necessaryin the fitting of the variousregulators to dilTerent makesof tanks, preferably at the timeof initial connection for use.Application to Mr. Larkin forinspection and advice may assistin avoiding unnecessary leaksbreaks and accidents as well asprotect the Laboratory againstreceipt of dangerous tanks orconnections.Everyone should avoid handlinggauges, tank valves and connections,with greasy or oilyhands, rags or tools. Withoxygen especially keep oil andgrease cnvay. Use small toolswhich are properly adjusted forthe nuts and valves, or obtain(Continued on Page 8)ScientificThe officialLaboratory physicianthis year is Dr. S. D.Blackford, who will hold officehours in Dormitory Room 103from 10.30-12..30 A. M. Thosewho wish to consult Dr. Blackfordshould first procure a slip(the the Maine Office in theBrick Building) which will begiven on payment of a fee ofone dollar.HUDSON-ESSEXMOTOR CARSWe have sevei-al good secondhand cars for sale.The Crocker GarageCorporation, Inc.FalmouthVisitMaCape Cod's LargestDepartment StoreH. MALCHMAN«&BRO.Thos. Malchman, Prop.CLOTHIERS, HATTERSand FURNISHERSMain StreetTelephoneEXHIBITConnectionInstrumentsJuly 1 9th to 29thLECTURE HALLFalmouthBausch & Lomb Optical Co.Executive Officesand ManufactoryROCHESTER, N. Y.

——PAGE EIGHT THE COLLECTING NETApparatus RoomsEntail Much Care(Continued from Page 7)directions and assistance fromthe Apparatus Rooms or theMachine Shop in case of doubt.This year the Laboratory isequipped to fill small oxygencylinders and also power bottlesof carbon dioxide. Requestsfor small quantities of gas atlow and moderately high pressuresmay be filled upon noticeleft with the Chemical or ApparatusRooms.Photographic ivork. Increasingdemands on the Laoratoryand the assignment of most ofthe dark rooms for scientificwork of a physical nature considerablylimits the availablespace for photography. Portabledevices are loaned by theApparatus Rooms for photomicrography,etc.The photography of apparatus,experiments in progress,set-ups, and charts or drawingsmay be arranged for throughMr. Duggar, Room 276, BrickLaboratory. Lantern slides, aswell as process negatives, contrastprinting, enlarging and reducingor retouching may bedone at cost. Likewise mechanicaldrawings or arrangementsof tables for copy can be donewith special arrangements. Alimited amount of panchromaticand isochromatic work canbe handled by either dark developmentor desensitization.Photographic chemicals areusually available in the ChemicalRoom, omitting special reducingagents. Commercial plates andpaper, however, are not furnishedby the Laboratory.Storage of valuable papers,made through the ApparatusRooms or the Business Office.Statistical calculations, progressiveanalysis, and comptometry.Use of calculating machinesmay be arranged forthrough the Apparatus RoomsOffice. At different times duringthe season it is frequentlypossible to arrange for experiencedassistance with the machineswhich are available foruse, or for instruction in the useof them for special operations.Ordinarily the mechanical calculatorsare in demand and advancenotice will be required tocare for individual requirements-THE CLUB DANCESWe are indeed glad to learnthat the M. B. L. Club will holdan orchestra dance every Saturdayevening. These dances willfill a long felt need and will beespecially appreciated by thosewho like to dance and who donot own cars and cannot affordto pay the relatively high priceswhich are charged at the tearooms and dance halls in thevicinity.Members of the M. B. L. Clubcan now attend an orchestradance without involving any expenseto them. Of course someof the larger dance halls offerbetter music and a better floor,but we feel that this is counterbalancedalone by the friendlyatmosphere of our own littledance. Here one is not tieddown to a limited group but candance with his friends, and inthe course of the evening meetmany fellow students and researchworkers, with whom theymight not otherwise have theopportunity of becoming acquainted.We urge those who did notattend the last Club dance to bein attendance next Saturdayevening, so that they too, mayenjoy the spirit of good fellowshipwhich prevails. It is hopedthat many will come withoutpartners because in this waythe opportunity of meetingmany new people will be stillgreater.This fallgoes to the University of Pittsburgas professor and actingDr. Robert T. Hancehead of the department of zoology.Dr. Hance has been at theRockefeller Institute for MedicalResearch for several years.Dr. Donald B. Young has beenchosen for the headship of thedepartment of zoology of theapparatits and fine metals. Forthe convenience of investigatorswho plan to continue research at University of Maine.the Laboratory at a later time,or desire temporary storage duringabsence, a set of vaultdrawers,vault-cupboards, andsafe deposit boxes are available.Arrangement for these may beDr. Younghas been associate professor ofzoology at the University ofArizona.EMBRYOSFundulus greeted us upon ourfirst day at Woods Hole. Beforewe had heard four of Dr. Goodrich'slectures on the teleost,we were already adept in militarytactics. There would havebeen no doubt of this in the mindof even a uniformed observer ifhe had seen normally verticalmicroscopes assume in unison ahorizontal position. Such elaboratepreparations are necessaryfor even a fleeting glanceof the elusive Cunner polarbodies.Dr. Charles R. Stockard ofCornell Medical School, in hisspecial lecture, told us that weourselves are not entirely responsiblefor our present condition,for there are good and badeggs, and environment is extremelypowerful. It is evenpossible by nearly freezing theunsuspecting eggs to producewtins. All the young hopefulscientists immediately attemptedtwinning but returned withlittle success, for even the embryoshave become immune toWoods rlo!o weath3r.However, the class has nodoubt but that environmentplays a very important part indevelopment — after treatmentwith alcohol, did not ears floplike eyes?—but of course werealize that such subjects are allover the heads of the Invertebrates.While waiting for twins toappear, the atmosphere wasconstantly punctured with criesof, "Where's the micropyle?"But why should this cause somuch consternation? The micropyleis right in the class!We even seen an occasional firstcleavage.Captain Veeder has good reasonto be proud of his good shipCayadetta. On the first fieldtrip of the Em'bryos it cruisedabout the fish traps for an hour,scanning the horizon, waitingfor the noble Sagitta to arrive.BBut then it must be rememberedthat the Sagitta went two milesup and down for every one mileahead.Discovered a new speciesMetridium echinarachniensis.We give all the credit for thisdiscovery to Dr. Plough of Amherstbut it must be rememberedthat had it not been for theable assistance of Dr. Rogers ofOberlin this discovery would nothave been possible.At the end of a four-day marathonbetween the students andCoelenterate planulae, the planulaewere declared to be still inthe lead.Neither by natural nor artificialmeans could Gonionemusbe persuaded to lay eggs. Oncemore this famous Woods Holecitizen reniged.To break the monotony ofregular lectures held to the tuneof speed baots in the harbor. Dr.Hoadley spoke on studies on thedevelopment of the chick—andDr. Richards on the continuityof the germ plasm.After two lectures by Dr.Rogers on Echinoderms roadsigns appeared on all sides:"Please walk gently.Embryos must not be disturbed."On Saturday Dr. Plough willgive a special lecture. Dr. Just'slecture on fertilization comessome time next week.W C DAVIS-COMPANYHOME FURNISHERSFALMOUTH MASSThe Elizabeth TheatreFALMOUTH, MASS.HIGH CLASS PHOTOPLAYSShow Starts at 7.45 — Feature Picture at 8.30Short Reels Repeated After the Feature Picture.A COMPLETE SHOW AFTER 8.30Saturday Two Shows at 7.00 and 9.00 O'clockMatinees Monday, Wednesday and Satiurday at 2.30Monday July 18EDDIE CANTORin"SPECIAL DELIVERY"Fox News Educational ComedyTuesday July 19"THE LOVE THRILL"withLAURA LAPLANTE,TOM MOORE andBRYANT WASHBURNNewsComedyTWO DAYSWednesdayB=BThursdayJuly 20 July 21"THE YANKEE CLIPPER"A Tremendous realistic dramaof the SeaAdults 50c Children 25cMatinee 2.30 P. M. onWednesday.Friday July 22LON CHANEY in "MR. WU"Topics of the DayEducational ComedySaturday July 23HARRY LANGDON in"HIS FIRST FLAME"Pathe News Sennett Comedy

——MAST GIVES REVIEWOF WORK ON AMOEBAFirst in Series of Evening LecturesThe lecture of Professor S. 0.Mast consisted of a presentationof the more important resultsand conclusions thus farobtained and formulated concerningstructure, locomotion,and stimulation in Amoebaproteus.He faced the old problem ofeither spending most of histime on the work of himself andhis students and of payingscant attention to the previouswork, a course which is generallyadopted, or of discussing atsome length the previous workand devoting less time to hisown work. He chose the latteralternative.The first ten minutes of hislecture were devoted to a discussionof the views ofSchultze. Berthold, Butschli,and others. In this he stressedparticularly the two surfacetension theories, the one formulatedby Berthold and the otherby Butschli. He then demonstratedby very convincing evidencethat a number of importantphenomena concerned withlocomotion in Amoeba are notin accord with either of thesetheories. Among these he emphasizedthe "biting" in two ofParamoecium and Frontonia byAmoeba. He showed figures byhimself and Root, Beers, andAmoe-Kepner and Whitlock ofba feeling on these two organims.These figures, in whichthe body of the ciliate is representedas being drawn out soas to form a small strandin a part of the food vacuole(and the evident fact that thepart of the ciliate not yet inthe food vacuole was underpressure, because of changes inits shape) , seem to answer thecriticisms that have been madeagainst Mast's contention thatthese organisms are actually"pinched" in two by action ofthe amoebae. They show thatthe Paramoecium or Frontoniadoes not really "pinch" itself intwo, that it is not cut in two bya digestive process, and thatthis phenomenon can not be dueto surface tension in accordwith the theories mentioned.He presented with the aid offree hand sketches and slideshis conclusion that the body ofan Amoeba can be divided intothree chief regions, an outsidefairly tough membrane, theplasmalemma, an inner region,the plasmasol. and an intermediateregion, the plasmagel.He maintained that the plasmagelchanges to plasmasol atthe posterior end ; that thecentrally located plasmasol flowsforward to stream out at theanterior end like a fountain:and that the sol is convertedagain into gel at the anteriorend.One of his slides representingthe structure of Amoeba wasmade from a figure in his splendidpaper on Amoeba whichappeared last winter. This figure,drawn with the aid of hisstudent, the Japanese investigator,Ibara, is destined to appearin many textbooks.He concluded that there arethree chief factors concernedin locomotion : first, a continuouschange from the gel to thesol state at the posterior endand the opposite at the anteriorend ; second, an increase inelastic strength in the plasmagelfrom the anterior to theposterior end; and third, adhesionto the substratum. Thethird factor seemed to be demonstratedconclusively by graphsshowing the rate of locomotioncf Amoeba on various substrata.These indicated that onredistilled paraffin there is noadhesion and consequently nolocomotion and that on ordinaryglass, quartz, and pyrex glassthe rate is about the same, afterinitial differences, while oncommercial paraffin the rate oflocomotion is considerablyhigher.Consequently, he maintainedthat, if the three factors involvedin locomotion are theones stated above, then stimulationconsists in a modificationof one or more of them.His conclusion that stimulationby light and by electricityare fundamentally different wasbased on the work of his students,Folger and Luce. He(Co;itinued on Page 10)DUGGER SUMMARY(CanSinuecl from Page 4)periments, next discussed,served this purpose.The virus was subjected tomechanical comminuation testsby means of comparative studiesupon bacteria and upon diseasedtobacco juice, the grindingsubstance being diatomaeeousearth. Grinding was effectedin an agate mortar providedwith a motor-driven exccntricallyarranged pestle, adevice frequently employed ingrinding bacterial cultures. Periodsof grinding ranging fromone to six hours were found tobe effective in rupturing both"•egetative cells and spores ofbacteria, but no appreciable injurywas done to the virustreated in the same way. Whilesuch results yield no data for adirect determination of size,they are regarded as indicatingthat the virus agency cannot existas a large, flexible, attenuate,or semi-liquid body; and againthe data suggest an extremelyTHE COLLECTING NETsmall size of the virus agency.A variety of experimental resultsseemed to find explanationin a high adsorptive capacity onthe part of the virus, so thatdirect determination of thisproperty was made by usingsubstances of diverse type.Among the various adsorbingsurfaces, charcoal and clay, forexample, were contrasted withsuch basic materials as precipitatedcalcium carbonate andcalcium phosphate. Charcoalwas found to be surprisinglyadsorptive of the virus, this diseaseagency being rendered inertin respect to infection whenone gram of juice (diluted) wastreated for a relatively shortperiod (12 hours) with onegram of blood charcoal, calciumcarbonate was less effectivethan charcoal, while calciumphosphate—^probably soluble oninoculation into the tissues^was still less effective. By comparisonwith bacteria and otherorganisms, this capacity of thevirus to be adsorbed was consideredfurther to be proof ofits ultramicroscopic size. Infact, the first two lines of studystressed were regarded as showingthat particles of minute size(colloidal dimensions) are involved,and rather extensiveadsorption experiments indicatethat large organisms are notconcerned.After considering brieflyother lines of experimentationand some possibilities of the socalledenzyme or toxin natureof the virus, it was pointed outthat on the whole this virusshows characteristics very suggestiveof a low order of life,subcellular, only sightly responsive,and perhaps with a veryinferior degree of organization.This possibility was made thebasis of a purely speculative discussionof the origin of livingorganisms. Our ideas of thecriteria of life are derived exclusivelyfrom observations onthe complex cell. Could suchcomplexity originate at onejump? In general, this discussionwas a plea for a carefulconsideration of the problem ofthe origin of life, that it maybe brought more nearly into linewith the facts known concerningthe development of othermaterials on the earth, and moreparticularly into line with theuniversality of evolution.DUGGER REVIEW(Continuprl from Pag-e 4)these, other than aster yellows,reauires a period in the insectbodv is not fully determined.Whether we can think of thecausative agents of the "asteryellows" type of diseases as filterableviruses is not known,because as yet they can not betransmitted except by specificcarriers or by budding or grafting.PAGE NINEPerhaps one of the longestknown virus diseases of plantsis "peach yellows". It has beenknown at least 135 years andhas been rather intensivelystudied for forty years. In spiteof this we do not even know howit is transmitted from a diseasedto a healthy plant, let aloneknowing anything about thecausative agent. We only knowthat it is not transmitted by theordinary needle or scalpel method.To find the carrier of peachyellows will be a neat scientificcontribution. Assuming thatthe carrier is an insect, the difficultyis evident in contrast to"aster yellows", when one realizesthat asters have about adozen common insect pests andthe symptoms of the disease appearin the plant two or threeweeks after the infected insectfeeds on the plant, while on thepeach there are about one hundredfiftyrather common insectthe dis-pests and symptoms ofease do not show up for morethan a year after a diseased budis grafted into the plant.In closing I might say taht Ifeel the lecturer needed to makeno apology for the speculativeportion of his lecture in whichhe suggested that the causativeagents of virus diseases are avery simple type of organismmuch simpler than the simplestforms we have previouslyknown and studied and are accustomedto think of as the simplestpossible living beings. Thesame is true of his suggestionthateven today such extremelysimple organisms may be inprocess of creation. Being evolutionistswe can hardly believethat life started at a simglejump with complex things asthe simplest bacteria with theircomplex protein molecules andtheir highly developed metabolism.Indeed perhaps the earlierorganisms had much simplerproteins, and much simpler metabolismthan any known organism.Perhaps, too, some ofthese very primitive organismshave remained over to prey uponthe higher ones as they developed.It will be no more strangefor us to discover a series of organismssimpler than the simplestbacteria than it v\'as forLeeuwenhoek to discover themicroscopical "beasties" in hisday. In the future we may haveto follow in the footsteps ofSpallanzani, Pasteur and othersin working out the methods ofreproduction, the cosmic significanceand the nature of themetabolism of this very simpleorder of life. Such scientificimagination is productive ratherthan dangerous when it isbacked up by the careful logical.sort of experimentation shownin the lecture.Dr. William CrockerBoyee-Thompson Inst, for PlantResearch

^PAGE TENMast Gives Reviewof Work on Amoeba(Continued from Page 9)contended that the orientationsto these two stimuli are merelyoutwardly similar; that m theelectric current pseudopods areformed on the cathode side, owingto solation on that side;while in light, pseudopod formationis inhibited on the illuminatedside owing to gelationon that side. This recalls hisview that the process of orientationof Volvox in light and inthe electric current are fundamentallydissimilar. His discussionof the work of his student,Folger, was tantalizing inits brevity. It appears to showconclusively that the BunsenRoscoe law does not hold for thereactions to light in Amoeba;that as the luminous intensityincreases the length of thelatent period increases rapidlyto a maximum and then decreasesmore slowly to a minimum,while the length of thestimulation period decreaisesrapidly to a minimum and thenincreases slowly; and that inorder to produce a response tolight in Amoeba, consisting of acessation of movement, aboutthirty times as much energy isrequired in very bright light asis required in weaker light.THE COLLECTINGAccording to the Bunsen Roscoelaw equal amounts of energywould be required.His contention that there isno specific relation between thechemical content of the surroundingmedium and the formassumed by an Amoeba wassupported by slides showingthat Amoeba proteus can assumeall its possible shapes inthe purest water that can beproduced in a pyrex glass still.Moreover, he demonstrated thatilocomotion in Amoeba occursin such water, thus contradictingthe view that locomotion ispossible only in solutions containingcertain salts, especiallycalcium, excepting possibly extremelyminute amounts.He also presented evidenceshowing the relation betweenthe rate of locomotion and temperatureand hydrogen ionconcentration. With the aidof slides he discussed the reletionbetween hydrogen ion concentration,sugar concentration,and urea concentration and thetotal volume of Amoeba, as' wellas the relation between thesefactors and the plasmagel-plasmasolratio. Here again onewas tantalized by his hurriedtreatment and by his failure totell the methods used in measuringthe volume and the relativeamounts of plasmasol andplasmagel, in measuring therate of locomotion, in regulatingand controlling the temperature,and in measuring andcontrolling the hydrogen ionconcentration. One felt thatthis was perhaps the most importantpart of the lecture andyet lack of time prevented theadequate treatment that the resultsdeserved.One came away from thelecture impressed by the factthat a tremendous amount ofwork of the utmost importancehad been done by ProfessorMast. Furthermore, one wasconscious of the fact that an impressiveprogram of work hadbeen outlined.William L. Dolley, Jr.Electric Cookery is More ConvenientJust the Turn of a SwitchThat is all that is needed to start cooking on a Hotpoint Super-•Automatic Range. No hunting for matches or carrying coal andwood. And there is no danger if electricity is turned on accidentallyby the children.Come in and let U3 tell you about the many other advantagesof the Hotpoint Electric Range.HOTPOINT Super-Automatic ElectricRangesCape and Vineyard Electric CompanyOfficesFalmouth Hyannis Oak Bluffs ChathamatNETConservation Work ofBureau of Fisheries(Continued from Page 1)Although the work of the bureauhas broadened to some extentsince that time, its chiefactivities are still the same aswhen first established. It isconcerned primarily with thediscovery of the depletion ofour fisheries, with causes andwith possible remedies. Throughits participation in fish culturaloperations, it has actively strivento prevent depletion and tobuild up fisheries which havebeen depleted. The great salmonfisheries of Alaska, one ofthe most valuable in the world,are under the control of the Departmentof Commerce and areadministered by the Bureau ofFisheries.The bureau consists of fonrmain divisions: the divisions ofscientific inqdiry, fish cnlture,fishery indlstries and the Alaskaservice. The work of the divisionof inquiry includes practicallyall of the work for whichthe bureau was originally establishedand involves the study ofthe various fisheriesin order todetermine yhich are showingdepletion and what methodsmay be applied toward theirconservation. The division offish culture is concerned mainlywith the proagation and distributionof various food and gamefishes and also conducts the rescueoperations in the waters ofthe upper Mississippi Valley bymeans of which millions of fishleft stranded in shallow pools bythe receding waters after thespring floods, are saved fromcertain death and returned tothe river. The division of fisheryindustries collects statisticswhich are of fundamental importancein revealing the characterand extent of depletion,and which also serve trade purposes.It conducts investibationsof methods of preservingand of Ish merchandisiny in orderto provide for the hiphesteconomic use of the harveststaken. The Alaska service administersthe laws yoverningthe filsheries of Alaska, whichinclude the salmon, herring,halibut, cod, and clam fisheries,and a number of others of lesserimportance. It also handles theimportant fur-seal industry,centered in the Pribilof Islands—an industry so closely relatedto the fisheries that its care hasbeen placed in the hands of theFisheries.Bureau of(To Be Continued)The Crocker Garage Co.IncorporatedTow Car—Tel 72-2FalmouthMass.General Repair WorkWhen Looking for ReliableMerchandise TryARENOVSKI'SEst. 1892 Phone 410The Home ofHart Schaffner & Marx ClothingLamson & Hubbard HatsPrintzess Suits, Coats andDressesEverything in the Way of SportClothesWalk-Over ShoesSatisfaction Guaranteed orMoney RefundedFalmouth .:- Mass.Dr. George H. GreeneDENTISTOffice, Ncirly Opposite St. B-irnabasMemtirial ChurcliFALMOUTH, MASS.Hours: 9 A. M. - 12 M. ;1-4 P. M.Telephone 35Hardw.ire Paints and VarnishesCHARLES T. EASTMANFALMOITH, MASS.Phone Orders Promptly DeliveredTel. 407KitchenFurnishingsGlenwoodRangesBeach Party?FRESH ROLLSBACONSAUSAGESTEAKS andCHOPSEVERYTHINGQUICK SERVICELOW PRICESMorrison'sWoods Hole, Mass.MarketSANSOUCIBARBER SHOPExpert BobbingWOODS HOLE, MASS.THE LEATHER SHOPFalmouth, Mass.ARTHUR C.EASTMANFollow the Crowd to'DANIELS'for Home-made Ice Cream,Delicious Sandwiches,CoffeeriCMC I-rXCHES A SpeciiUty

!PAGE TWELVE THE COLLECTING NET0UV ^uti)oritie6Dr. Edwin G. Conklin is professorof biology at PrincetonUniversity, and a member ofthe National Academy of Sc'-ences.Dr. Oliver S. Strong is professorof neurology and neurohistologyat the College of Physiciansand Surgeons, ColumbiaUniversity.Dr. Samuel E. Bond is assistantprofessor of physiologyat the University of Pennsylvania.He is in charge of theapparatus department of theLaboratory.Dr. W. L. Dolley, Jr , is professorof biology at the Universityof Buffalo.Dr. Alexander Forbes is associateprofessor of physiologyat the Harvard University MedicalSchool.Dr. B. M. Dugger is professorof physiological botany andeconomics at the University ofWisconsin.Dr. William Crocker is directorof the Boyce-ThompsonInstitute for Plant Research.ROBINSON'SPHARMACYB. W. Dris, Prop.R. W. Nickerson, Reg. Phar.Falmoutth's OldestDrugstoreFirst-classDrugs and ImportedToilet ArticlesA Registered PharmacistAlways on DutyTHE SEA ROBINDirectly on the SoundClub Breakfasts . . 30c upAlso Dinner, Tea, andSupperMRS. CRITTENDENAttractive Weekly RatesTel. 667-3Compliments ofPENZANCE GARAGEWOODS HOLE, MASS.Day or Night A. L. A.Phone 652TowingIDEALRESTAURANTBEST FOOD IN TOWNMain Street Woods HoleApparatus Accumulatesat Barely Burning BlazeHistory was made in thishumble little town on the after-No in-noon of Friday, July 8.auguration could have beenmore impressive, although mostof the inhabitants of the sleepyvillage were hardly aware ofthe significant event occurringwithin their midst.At 5.48 the unceasing calm ofa scientific community hungover Woods Hole. Hardly astarfish crawled in the laboratory,hardly an eel wiggled inthe pond. At 5.49 the deepthroatedvoice of an alarmthreatened the peace and quiesenceof the locality with thedread menace of fire. The signaltokened the schoolhouse districtwhich lies in the remotesuburbs of the town, and therefore,few from the Laboratoryfelt able to follow the fire departmentas it thundered forth,but curiously scanned the skyacross the Eel Pond. Disappointednot to see the sky alightfrom the glow of the flames theyreturned to the dead monotoneof research, while at the sceneof disaster history was writtenfor Woode Hole.The Collecting Net correspondentis able to report authentically,much as it maystartle the readers of thisweekly, that the new WoodsHole fire pump was actually putinto operation for the first time.According to Mr. Ferris, permanenthead of Station 5, anauthority, the apparatus undeniablyworked, pumping greatstreams of water to quell theblaze which lurked in the depthsof the Stevenson House cellar.As if to make the occasionmore inspiring the FalmouthFire Department lent the gloryof two engines and a hook andladder to augment the sturdyWoods Hole pair, and togetherwith Fire Chief Ray D. Wells'private machine made a totalof five pieces of apparatus.The traffic tie-up threatenedto be serious on the Falmouthroad. Care were blocked in ajam diiRcult to manage becauseof the presence of the entirecanine and small boy population.Some of those fortunateenough to see one or two billowsof smoke (the correspondentamong them) and noticed firemenpouring chemicals do'wnthe chimney realized that asmall pile of blazing newspapersin the cellar had caused the initiationof the shiny red andsilver pump of which WoodsHole is rightfully so proud.Horseshoes in Full SwingAmong Old HandsThe newcomer at WoodsHole is not infrequently heardto inquire whether the Laboratoryboasts a blacskmith shopin addition to its other adjuncts.This query seems sometimes tobe prompted by the discoveryof a collection of horseshoesneatly parked on the rear wallof the Old Main Building but isdoubtless more often occasionedby the fact that at almost anyhour of the day from dawn tilldusk a curious clinking sound,\as of hammer on anvil, may beheard by anyone wanderingwithin half a mile of the Laboratory.To the initiated, however,this sound conveys merely theknowledge that the "old-timers"are at it again in the horseshoepits. It means in all probability,especially if it be heard atthe noon hour, that "Art" Dawsonis tossing double-ringers orthat "Sturt", with pipe firmlyclutched between teeth, is exhibitingthat Hermes-like posethat characterizes his followthrough.Or perhaps it is"Mart", that splendid exponentof scientifically cautious procedurein the realm of horseshoepitching. Yes, nearly all oflast season's headliners are withus once more and may be seenlimbering up daily in preparationfor the annual ladder tournamentwhich wiill soon be infull swing. Dr. J. A. Dawson,last year's winner, is on handto defend his crown, and hisrunner-up and time-honoredrival. Dr. O. L. Inman, is oncemore out to make a serious bidfor the championship. Each issaid to be playing a strong gameand the battle should be a keenone. In addition to these.Lancefield, Swett, SturtevantWilson, and a host of others,any of whom may prove the"Dark Horse of 1927", may beobserved so frequently in actionthat one is led to predict a yearof activity totally without parallelin the annals of M. B. L.horseshoes. Victoribus suntpraemiaK. and G.BAKERY and LUNCHBreakfast 45c Supper 45-60cDinner 60-75cSpecial Rates by the WeektoLaboratory WorkersMrs. Grace Grant, Prop.P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO.PUBLISHERS. PHILADELPHIA.Exhibiting in theVestibule of theMain BuildingOutlines of the Comparative Anatomyof Vertebrates."By J. S. Kingsley, EmeritusProfessor of Zoology, Universityof Illinois, Urbana.3d Edition. 535 Illustrations.Cloth, $4.00."The Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates."By Warrington Yorke, M. D.,Professor of Parasitology, Universityof Liverpool and LiverpoolSchool of Tropical Medicine, andP. A. Maplestone, M. D., D". S. O.,with Foreword by C. W. Stiles,Prof, of Zoology, U. S. PublicHealth Service.307 Illustrations. Cloth, $9.00."The Early Embryology of theChick."By Bradley M. Patten, AssistantProfessor of Histology and Embryology,School of Medicine,Western Reserve University.2d Edition. 62 Illustrations.Cloth, $2.25.Meredith. Hygiene.A Textbook for College StudentsWith Sections on Anatomy,Physiology and Pathological Conditions.268 Illustrations. Cloth,$3.50.By Florence Lyndon Meredith,M. D., College Physician and Professorof Hygiene, Smith College.Gager.General Botany.689 Illustrations. Cloth, $4.00.By C. Stuart Gager, Ph. D., Sc.D., Pd. D., Director, Brooklyn BotanicGarden."The Embryology of the Pig."By Bradley M. Platten. ColoredFrontispiece and 168 Text illustrations.Cloth, $3,r,0."A Manual of Land and FreshWater Vertebrate Animals ofthe United States."By Henry Sherring Pratt, Prof,of Biology, Haverford College.184 Illustrations. May, Bibliography,Glossary. Cloth, $6.00.

.Volume HXiimber SWOODS HOLE, MASS., SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1927.Subscription $1.25THE PERMEABILITY OF THE CAPILLARY WALLE. M. LandisUniversity of PennsylvaniaMr. Landis delivered a lecture bearing the above title on the evening ofJuly 15. The author's summary and a review of the paper follow.The methods used in the study of the passage of water anddissolved substances through the capillary wall have been forthe most part indirect in character, and have involved largenumbers of capillaries. The interpretation of results obtained inthis way is difficult because ofthe continually changing diameter,pressure, and rate of By Dr. A. P. MathewsRevievrflow in the separate vessels Professor of Physiology, Universitywhich compose the capillaryof Cincinnatinetwork. These variables can It is well known that betweenbe reduced in number and more the ends of the arterioles andadequately controlled by studyingsingle vessels, which limits to be found a network of verythe veins of the body there isobsei-vation to what is in fact fine blood vessels of which thethe unit of fluid interchange. walls are a single cell in thickness.These vessels are theA micro-injection techniquewas used for the measurement capillaries. It is through theof systolic, diastolic, and mean walls of these vessels that allblood pressure in single capillaries.The results indicated blood must pass to the tissues;the food matters brought by thethe existence of a balance betweencapillary blood pressureand the osmotic pressure of theplasma proteins. The level atwhich this balance occurred washigher in the rat, a mammal,(Continued on Page 5)m. W. iC. CaknbarSaturday, July 239:00-12:00 P. M.Club Dance. Orchestra. M. B. L.Club. Admission free to members;75c for hon-niembers.Sunday, July 249:00 P. M.Informal Singing. Roof of BrickBuilding if the weather is good.Otherwise the group will gatherupstairs on the M. B. L. Clubporch.Tuesday, July 268:00 P. M.Evening Lecture. Dr. Robert M.Yerkes, Professor of Psychology,Yale University. Subject:"The Psycho-biology of theGorilla".Friday, July 294:00-6:00 P. M.Physiology Tea. M. B. L. Club.Friday, July 298:00 P. M.Evenincr Lecture. Dr. HenryBigelow. Subject: To be announcedlater.and the waste and other productsof the chemical activity ofthe tissues pass back to theblood. The question of the natureof the processes involvedin this passage outward and inwardin the tissues has been investigatedfor many years, andopinions have been dividedwhether it is wholly a physicalprocess of osmosis, the capillarywall playing a wholly passivepart, or whether it is in realitya vital process, the physical playof osmotic forces being controlledand regulated by the vitalactivity of the living cellsof the capillary wall. The analogousproblem in the lungs, ofthe passage of the oxygen into(Continued on Page 5)RESEARCH IN COLLEGESAn informal conference inregard to research in collegeswill be held in Room 130, BrickBuilding, at 8.00 P. M., Thursday,July 28. Brief accountsof conditions in a few institutionswill be given, accompaniedby a general discussion. Thismeeting is called in accordancewith the vote passed at the similarconference held last summer.All interested are invitedto attend.CILIA AND CILIAThe Protozoology class assembledthe twenty-eighth ofJune with the serious intentionof pursuing the elusive Protozoan.A collecting trip was inauguratedimmediately after alecture by Dr. Woodruff, whogave the class a general idea ofthe Protozoan. Lillie's Ditch,Dump Pond, School House Pond,and various other future basesof supply were visited. Theafternoon's work settled downto trying to find what the booksso accurately describe.This tale would, from nowon, be mere repetition of lectureand laboratory, were it not forthe variety in lectures and thelearning curve in the laboratorywork.The lectures describe the biologicalbackground beginningfirst Avith the origin of the microscope,from simple lenses tothose that finally led to them'anufacture of the present daymasterpiece. Indeed as the automobilewas popularized byHenry Ford so was the microscopepopularized by RobertHooke's "Micrographia," HenryBaker's works, as well as thoseof the two Adams, father andson.Microscopes are of little significanceunless the men whouse them correlate the resultsof keen observation. Leeuwenhoek,a man of no formal education,observed the organismswhich we today recognize as(Continued on Page 4)Currents inthe HoleAt following hours the currentin the hole turns to run from BuzzardsBay to Vineyard Sound:A.M. P.M.July 23 11.45 12.00 m.July 24 12.40 10.04 a.m.July 25 1.40 2.00July 26 2.40 2.50July 27 3.40 3.40July 28 4.20 4.40July 29 5.15 5.15July 30 6.00 6.10In each case the currentchanges six hours later and runsfrom the Sound to the Bay.Single CopieH,lucFISH COMMISSIONWAS ONCE HOUSEDAT LITTLE HARBOR"Reminiscences of the FishCommission"Dr. Edwin LintonHonorary Research Fellow in Zoolology,Utiiversity of PennsylvaniaI. Baird at WootU HoleIn consenting to write a seriesof articles on his early days at theFish Commission, Dr. Linton isundertaking a task which will beappreciated by everyone at thelaboratory.I have been asked by theEditor of The Collecting Net towrite out some of my recollectionsof events connected withthe United States Fish CommissionLaboratory at Woods Hole.In complying with this requestI shall make, for my first contribution,an unpublished addresswhich was delivered at the.Baird Centennaiy Celebrationin the auditorium of the UnitecStates National Museum aiWashington, D. C, on Februar;3, 1923._Seven years ago, lacking bu';_six days, it was my honor tchave a place on the program o;'exercises attending the unveilingof a memorial tablet toSpencer Fullerton Baird, on thefortj'-fifth anniversary of theestablishment of the UnitedStates Bureau of Fisheries.My contribution on that occasionwas an appreciation ofProfessor Baird (Science, N. S.,vol. 48, pp. 25-34) , in which appreciationstress was laid on hispower, through a simple, persuasiveeloquence, which waspeculiarly his, to convince thosewho were then in charge of publicaffairs, of the vital importanceto the nation of scientificinquiry.The creation of such an organizationas the National ResearchCouncil, in the earlydecades of this century, may belooked upon as a natural developmentof ideas concerning thepublic welfare which dorvnatedthe mind of Professor B-^'"''' in(Continued on Page 4^

—PAGE TWO THE COLLECTING NET"The ChemicalRoom"Its Past and Precentl)r. Ollvir S. SiruiiBTrofi'ssor of Ncurolojcy aiul Xeuro-HistolOK.v, Colk'j,'!' of rll.\sici:nis ^:lulSursvoiis, C'liluiubia Uiilvtrsity.This is tlK- t!i;v

Choral Club Organized;Plan to Give ConcertLast August a group of Laboratorypeople interested mmusic met to discuss the possibilitiesof singing a step beyond"Sweet Marie" and "Abdul-abul-bulAmir". Their noblepurpose has been realized in theWoods Hole Choral Club, an organizationof forty memberswhich meets on Tuesday andFriday nights at nine o'clock torecuperate from the lectures.The organization is unusuallyfortunate in having for its leaderMr. Ivan Gorokoff, directorof the Smith College Choirs,and late choirm^aster at theRussian Cathedral at New York.A public concert is contemplatedfor the middle of August,but the exact date has not yetbeen arranged. At this timeWoods Holers will have an opportunityof welcoming and encouragingthis new organization.Forbes' Summary(Continued from Page 2)larity in all the above propertiesshows that the response isof essentially the same naturein both tissues. It is probablya development of something inherentin primitive cells.Lucas' work also helps toform clearer pictures of theworkings of the nervous systemas a whole. The older literaturetreats "excitation" loosely as ifit were a continuous streampoured through a nerve asthrough a pipe, graded m intensityby the strength of stimulusas by a faucet or throttle.The fact that in axons, at least,the stream is. made up of individualresponse whose size dependsnot on the stimulus buton the degree of recovery froma previous response calls for animportant revision of the olderpictures of reflex activity. Theidea of graded synaptic resistancemust be modified, and theselective eifects ascribed to temporalsequence of impulses insteadof to graded intensitywithout reference to sequence.Sherrington's earlier workemphasized the purposive andcoordinating nature of spinalreflexes. More recently, sincethe newer conception of thenature of nerve response hasbeen available, he has dealtmore with the analysis of reflexes.With the aid of isometricrecording he has found muchabout the sequence of volleys ofindividual nerve impulses involvedin the limb reflexes.The question of synapticfunction is unsettled. Sherringtonenumerated the salient differencesbetween conduction inthe nerve trunk and in the reflexarc, and he gave reasons forascribing the properties of thereflexes to the synapse. The extensivebranching and redistributionof impulses in the graymatter is also an important featurein the reflex.Lucas raised the questionwhether reflex function mightbp built up of responses fundamentallylike that of the nervetrunk, and whether the postulateof a special type of functionin the synapse might be superfluous.He showed how a certaintype of summation in thenerve-muscle preparation andthe Wedensky effect might providea basis for explaining reflexsummation and reflex inhibition—twoof the most distinctivefunctions of the reflex arc.Sherrington has suggested thatthe synapse may differ from theaxon in having a capacity togradedand cumulative activity.This view facilitates the interpretationof reflex behavior,and both the "local excitatoryprocess" and mechanical summationin mhsrle provide counterpartsin peripheral tisshesfor these asshmed properties otthe center.In any case the all-or-noneprinciple leads to importantgeneralizations. If it is mtimatelyshown that all the activity'of the nervous system,not only in the axons but alsoin the synapses, is made up ofa single type of disturbance, itwill be a "generalization as importantto neurology as thatwhich explains all atomic masseson the combinations ofTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE THREEprotonsis to physics. Even if a distincttype of function must bepostulated for the synapse, therecognition of unit impulses inthe axon is almost as clarifyinga generalization.Cattell's Summary(Continued from Page 2)servedly so in its present form,nevertheless, the reviewer feelsthat the question of the effectof rhythm on sensation and motorfunction warrants furtherinvestigation. We have evidencethat,under certain conditions,the frequency of the impulsebears an important relationto the effects produced,for example in conditionsgiving Wedensky inhibition,and when one impulse travels inthe subnormal phase of the precedingone. Recent work fromAdrian's laboratory has demonstratedthat the rhythm of individualnerve fibers varies withthe strength and duration of thestimulus, and it can be hardlyquestioned that these changesof rhythm are responsible forchanges in the sensations. Onthe motor side it can readily bedemonstrated that the rate ofstimulation modifies the degreeof summation produced inmuscle. It seems, therefore, notunreasonable to suppose thatreflexes may be modified insome degree by changes in therhythm of central discharge,and such a conclusion in no wayinvalidiates the all-or-noneprinciple.It has been customary for thespeakers in the evening lectureseries to give some of their ownwas a dis-investigations, and itappointment to the reviewerScientificthat Dr. Forbes did not drawupon his own wealth of materialand describe investigations nowin progress. It must be remembered,however, that the physiologistsform but a small minorityof the Woods Hole groupof biologists, and it may be thata better purpose was served ingiving a less technical talkwhich was of general interestto all members of the labora-EXHIBITInstrumentsJuly 1 9th to 29thLECTURE HALLBausch & Lomb Optical Co.Executive Offices and ManufactoryROCHESTER, N. Y.TIMEis the iinportajit factor in all activitiesSAVE ITby using-The Wistar Institute Bibliographic Servicewhich brings to your table authors' abstracts of all papers aboutto appear in the:Journjii of Mori»Iiol«Ky and riiysiologyThe Journal of Comparative NeurologyThe American Journal of AnatomyThe Anatomical RecordThe Journal of Experimental ZoologyAmerican Anatomical MemorisAmerican Journal of Physical AnthropologyFolia Anatomica Japonica (Tokyo, Japan)Biological BulletinThe Journal of ParasitologyStain TechnologyAustralian Joarnal of Experimental Biologyand Medical Science (Adelaide, South Australia)Advance Abstract Sheets ________ $3.00 per yearBibliographic Service Cards _______ $5.00 per yearBoth appear before the complete articles are publishedTHE WISTAR INSTITUTEThirty-sixth Street and Woodland Avenue I^hiladelphia, Pa*

PAGE FOUR THE COLLECTING NETReminiscences of the FishCommission(Continued from Page 1)the middle decades of the pastcentury.If the same wisdom and success,which characterized ProfessorBaird, in initiating, andcarrying through projects forthe nation's welfare, attend theactivities of the Council, thosewho look for an honorable andprosperous future for our countryare in a fair way of seeingtheir expectations realized.The topic which has been assignedto me in these centennaryexercises is "Baird atWoods Hole."Ihave already put on recordsome of my recollections ofthose days (Science, N. S., vol.41, pp. 737-753), and am naturallytempted to draw uponthem on this occasion. I shallendeavor however, in trying tointerpret my impressions ofthose cross-sections of time inwhich I had the rare privilege ofassociating with the man whosememory we are now met to celebrate,to make but little directuse of those reminiscences.Professor Baird's acquaintancewith Woods Hole began asearly as 1863. In 1870 he madea systematic beginning in thestudy of Vineyard Sound andadjacent waters, with the objectof ascertaining the facts respectingthe reported diminutionin the supply of food fishes.In this preliminary work hemade much use of the localknowledge, and untiring co-operativelabors of Vinal N. Edwards.Vinal lived to take partin the ceremonial of the unveilingof the tablet to the memoryof Professor Baird, and for afew years after. Among therelics of the early days of theFish Commission which he keptin his room in the laboratory ofthe Bureau of Fisheries, was apair of shoes which ProfessorBaird had worn when he andVinal were making collections.As I knew Vinal, his mind,it seemed to me, mirrored withsui'prising accuracy, and in detail,the moving panorama ofnature, the changing tides, theshifting winds, the flight ofbirds, the migration of fishes,from Narragansett Bay to Monomoy.Professor Baird hadgreat confidence in the accuracyof Vinal's knowledge, and I aminclined to attribute much of hisacquired worth to the educationwhich he received through hisassociation with the Professor.In the early days of scientificinquiry into problems relatingto the fisheries which it wasdesired to solve. Woods Holewas chosen as the place to begin.That was in 1871. ProfessorVerrill writes me thatthey did their work with a sailboat and a worn out steamlaunch. However meagre theequipment may seem, when it iscompared with what it was tenyears later, there can be no"criticism, other than commendatory,of a scientific staff withProfessor Verrill in charge.In subsequent years headquarterswere established at variouspoints on the coast, fromNaank, Connecticut, to Eastport,Maine, and, for a part ofthe summer of 1877, to Halifax,Nova Scotia. In 1875 WoodsHole was again the headquarters.After that season it wasnot until 1881 that return wasmade to Woods Hole, whichthenceforth became the centerof activity for such scientific investigationas was carried on'by the Fish Commission in thesummer time on the New Englandcoast.The reasons which ProfessorBaird gave for his choice of asite for a permanent laboratoryhave often been quoted, but areentitled to a place here:A totaUy different condiitionof thing's was found at WoodsHole where the water is exceptionallypure and free fromffdiment. end where a stron?tide rushing; through the WoodsHole passage keeps the waterin a state of healthv oxygenationspecially favorable for biologicalresearch of every kindand desci-iption. The entire absenceof sewage owing to the remotenessof large towns, as wellas the absence of large riverstending to reduce the salinity ofthe water, constituted a strongargument in its favor, and thisstation was finally fixed upon forthe pm-pose in question.It is worthy of note that thischoice of a location for a biologicallaboratory was approved bythe founders of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory, which begana work in 1888 that has madeWoods Hole familiar to biologiststhe world over.Great power was given to theCommissioner of Fish and Fisheriesat first, since the heads ofthe various executive departmentsof the government Avererequired to furnish to the Commissionerany assistance that itwas in their power to render.We, therefore, saw something ofthe machinery of the FederalGovernment at Woods Hole.For example, until July, 1885,the laboratory was in a buildingon the wharf in Little Harborbelonging to the Light HouseService. Moreover, the officersand crews of all the steamvessels of the Commission wereon the pay-roll of the Navy. The•power that was thus placed in.the hands of the Commissionerwas sufficient to have turnedthe heads of some men, but, sofar as my observation extends,I can testify that Professor(Continued on Page 10)Cilia and Cilia(Continued from Page 1)Protozoa and Bacteria. Ehrenbergin the early nineteenthcentury saw everything thatwe see" today. However he misinterpretedthe thesis formsin terms of Metazoan morphology,even in terms of bewhiskeredphysiogomy. He did,however, add a certain degreeof dignity to the embryonicscience of Protozoology._Dujardinoriginated ideas diametricallyopposite to Ehrenbergand gradually supplemented theMetazoan interpretation.To leave out Schleiden andSchwann, whom the "prep"student knows in connectionwith the cell theory, wouldslight the ever increasing historyof Biology. We shall takethe leap of a span of years toButschli, who is considered thegreatest student of the Protozoabecause of his application ofProtozoology to the clearing upof other problems. His summariesare considered excellent.In the latter part of the nineteenthcentury Kent did verygood work on the Protozoa, butit did not come up to that ofButschli.We must not leave out Steinof the late seventies of the nineteenthcentury, who is noted inour laboratory for his threevolumes. An initiated hearermight suspect our group of pre-Volstead tendencies to hear thefrequent demand for "Stein's".July 14, 1927 Dr. Wenrichof the University of Pennsylvaniadelivered a talk about theinteresting vicissitudes of theparasitic amebae. Modestlydisclaiming any authoritativeknowledge he proceeded to giveus a thorough talk including six"good" species. A seventhspecies was mentioned 'and logicallyeliminated.The leatning curve is reptilewith "despond" plateaus. Thefirst two as three days show norise in altitude. Cries of"Hurry up, lend me your ocularmicrometer," are interspersedwith sighs of disappointment asthe Metabolic Protozoa depart."Diagnostic features" is ourmotto until at night in ourdreams we see nothing butcirri and membranelles. Webecome cilia and cilia, wishingthat Euplotes Charou wouldcarry us across the River Styxto the land where everyone hasidentified one hundred species,past Cerebrus's watchful eyes,who hands us back our "masterpieces"as "not diagnostic."Follow the Croivd toDANIELS'for Home-made Ice Cream,Delicious Sandwiches,CoffeePICNIC I.VNCHES A SperinltyBIOLOGICALLABORATORYAPPARATUSMicroscopes and RSicroscopeAccessories—Including Bausch& Lomb, Leitz, Spencer andZeiss makes.Microtomes—Including Bausch& Lomb, International, Jungand Spencer forms.Incubators—Including C.S.&E.,Freas and Thelco types.Also Water Baths, Sterilizersand General Laboratory Apparatus.Write for further details andvisit our ShoviTOoms at 18thSt. and 3rd Ave.EIMER & AMENDEst. 1851 Inc. 1897HEADQUARTERS FOR LAB-ORATORY APPARATUS ANDCHEMICAL REAGENTSNEW YORK, N. Y.Third Ave., 18th to 19th St.When Looking for ReliableMerchandise TryARENOVSKl'SEst: 1892 Phone 410The Home ofHart Schaffner & Marx ClothingLamson & Hubbard HatsPrintzess Suits, Coats andDressesEverything in the Way of SportClothesWalk-Over ShoesSatisfaction Guaranteed orMoney RefundedFalmouth -:- -> Mass.24-hourService onFilmsBostonDailyPapersJAMES'S SPADown by the DepotDurand's ChocolatesMeals atCynthia Sweets all hoursHome-cooked FoodPARK TAILORING SHOPMen's and Women's Fine TailoringM'ii.i.ia:m s€hi,kpahk. iti>ii.Work Called For and DeliveredtpI. i;;w-4Weeks BUlj?., l^aimouth, Mass.

EMBRYOSOne half the course is overand we are still going in circles.An order has gone to New Bedfordfor thirty compasses—Whycan t eggs be square? But stillit must be remembered that piescome in circles as well as eggs—also blueberries. Between Dr.Goodrich and Dr. Rogers the piesoon disappeared as the lab floortook on a new coat of paint._With the beginning of experimentalwork on Echinodermsthere came a general exodus ofglassware from the cupboardand a corresponding lack ofroom for further activity. Butit's worth it if we can justshake apart a few Starfish blastomeres.We've taken to thecentrifuge like children to aWe know just how tonew toy.diagnose its wild groans.If anyone needs ribbonsurgedmatched to dresses she isto apply at the Embryology lab.Experts in matching colors arebeing ground out there everyhour. Before long we'll be findingthe pH of that glorioushenna in Arbacia eggs.Dr. Clarke, "the tadpole'stailor", gave a fascinating lectureon the Growth and Expansionof Cells in the Tail of theTadpole. Friday Dr. Rogersentertained us with a lecture onthe development of the star fishwhich he illustrated most elaboratelywith colored clay models.Saturday, Dr. Plough reviewedhis recent experimental work onlocalization in Echinoderms.This week we are studyingMolluscs.Landis' Summary(Continued from Page 1)not specifically prove, that thiswas the true mechanism involvedin fluid movement. Itwas possible, however, to studydirectly the relation betweencapillary pressure and the passageof fluid through the endothelialwall. When blood flowthrough a single capillary in thefrog's mesentery was stoppedthe corpuscles at the free extremityin some instancesmoved toward the closed end,indicating filtration; in someaway from the closed end, indicatingabsorption ; and in othersthe corpuscles remained in theiroriginal positions. This movementof the cells at the open endof the occluded vessel was usedas a measure of the directionand the rate at which fluid waspassing through the capillarywall. The filtering area couldbe computed from the lengthand diameter of the capillary.A micro-pipette introduced intothe vessel determined the capillarypressure.At pressures above 14.5 cm,of water filtration was alwaysobserved; while below 10 cm.absorption occurred in almostevery case. Between 10 and 13cm. there was little or no movementin either direction. Aswould be expected from Poiseuille'slaw, when the rates offluid movement, measured incubic micra per square micronof capillary wall per second,were plotted against capillarypressure, they were distributedabout a straight line. This intersectedthe line of zero filtrationat a pressure of 11.5 cm.which represented the osmoticpressure of the plasma proteinsmeasui-ed against the capillarywall. Mathematical treatmentof the data permitted the computationof a filtration constant.Good agreement was observedbetween the observed rates offluid movement and values calculatedon the basis of this filtrationconstant.Having, thus obtained a quantitativemeasure of normal capillarypermeability it was possibleto study the manner inwhich this property was modifiedunder certain experimentalconditions. It had been observedrepeatedly that activehyperemia produced a rapidmovement of fluid from theblood stream into the tissuespaces. This change was usuallyascribed to the dilatationof the capillary on the assump-than in the frog, an amphibian.In both forms the average gradientof pressure fall along thecapillary network was relatedto the colloid osmotic pressure tion that the stretched capillaryin such a way as to permit filtrationin the arteriolar portion fluids, and, according to Krogh,wall became more permeable toof the capillary, and absorption even to colloids. But by directin the venous portion, tending nieasurement it was found thattherefore to maintain a constantblood volume.This balance between capillarypressure and the osmoticpressure of the plasma proteinsstrongly suggested, but still didin any active hyperemia thereappeared also a pronounced riseof capillary pressure, whichwould tend to produce an increasedrate of filtration. Itseemed of interest to determinewhich of these factors was themore important.Experiments involving theperfusion of single capillariesof known diameter, at a knownpressure, indicated that the rateof passage of certaindye solutionswas related not to the degreeof dilatation, but dependedentirely upon the pressure atwhich the perfusion was made.Moreover, direct measurementof fluid movement showed thatin capillaries of the same diameterthere might occur filtration,THE COLLECTING NET PAGE FIVEabsorption, or neither accordingto the relation of capillary pressureto the colloid osmoticpressure. In addition at anyone capillary pressure the rateof filtration remained constantirrespective of capillary diameter.It seems therefore thatthe increase in filtration whichaccompanies dilatation of thenormal capillary is due not toa change in the permeability ofthe capillary wall, but to a risein capillary pressure.A study of injured capillariesindicated a marked increase intheir permeability. Micro-injectionshowed that the damagedendothelium was quitepermeable to highly colloidaldyes and to the plasma proteins.By direct measurement it wasfound that fluid filtered throughthe injured wall from six toeight times as rapidly as throughnormal endothelium. Due tothis increased permeability theeffective osmotic pressure of theplasma proteins was reduced toless than half the normal value.In measuring capillary permeabilityunder the conditionswhich are likely to accompanyactive tissue function it appearedthat, within physiologicallimits, increase of hydrogen ionconcentration and rise in carbondioxide tension produced nomarked change. A lack of oxygen,lasting for three minutes,increased the rate of fluid movement,and lowered the effectivecolloid osmotic pressure; bothchanges in all probability beingdue to an increase in the permeabilityof the capillary wall.Within certain limits thischange was reversible.It appears from these observationsthat the direct measurementof fluid movement may beof value as a means of determiningquantitatively the modificationsin permeability producedby various experimentalprocedures. It seems also thatthe importance of local capillaryblood pressure, as a factor influid movement, can hardly beover-estimated in the quantitativestudy of the physical processesinvolved in either normalor pathological capillary permeability.Mathews' Review(Continued from Page 1)the blood and carbon dioxideout of the blood, has, for themoment at least, been settled asa purely physical matter, thelung cells not actively interveningin the process.In the view of Dr. Landis,who at Dr. Jacobs' suggestionapplied the method of microinjectionworked out by Barbour,Kite and Chambers andperfected by the latter, to thestudy of capillary pressures inthe capillaries of the mesenteryof the frog and rat, the formationof lymph, that is the passageoutward of fluid from theblood to the tissues carryingwith it substances in solution,is a purely physical process; asis also the absorption of fluidfrom the tissues. The capillarywall plays no active part in theprocess, although if injured itspermeability increases and itlets more fluid through and alsopermits the passage of colloids,such as the blood proteins,through the wall.The lecturer gave almost entirelythe results of his own investigations.These were carriedout with great ingenuityand led to the direct determinationof the pressure in individualcapillaries of the mesentery.He was thus able to show directlythe diminution in the pressurein the arterioles and in thecapillary network and in thesmall veins. Many other attempshave been made, withsome success, to measure thecapillary pressure, and the resultsobtained by the authorconfirm in general the resultsobtained by these other methodsbut have the advantage thatthey are direct determinationsof .single capillary pressures.The pressure thus found inthe capillaries of the frog mesenterywas about 11 or 12 cms.of water, a figure in consonancewith the work of Krogh. In therat's mesentery it was higherand of about 25 cms. of water.It seems remarkable that thepipette thus introduced into thecapillary should not have allowedany leakage about thenoint of entrance, but apparentlyno such leakage occurred. Ifleakage had occurred the resultswould have been to some extentinvalidated.The speaker madeno direct statement in this regard,but it is to be assumedthat so obvious a source of errorwould have been guardedagainst.By means of the measurementsthus obtained a formulawas derived which permittedthe calculation of the amount offluid passing through a definitearea of the capillary wall in adefinite time as a function of thedifference between the osmoticpressure of the proteins of theblood and the pressure in thecapillary. The amounts calculatedin this manner and from,observations of the movementsof corpuscles agreed as closelyas was to be expected.Measurements were alsomade of the state of permeabilityof the capillary wall by theinjection of dyes of variouskinds and the determination ofthe time required for the dye topass outside the capillary whendifferent pressures were appliedto it. The results were found(Continued on Page 10)

;;;;:PAGE SIXTHE COLLECTING NETThe Coilecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory and of Woods Hole mgeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSRobert Chambers, Prof, of Anatomy,Cornell University Medical School.Edv.-in J. Conklin, Prof, of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of Zoology,Yale University.EDITORIAL STAFFWare CattellEditorDorothy Alexander Asst. EditorHugh Montgomery Art EditorMrs. L. V. Heilbrunn. .General NewsHelen S. Morris General NewsJack FoggWard L GreggMary HardestyContributing EditorsSport NewsJelly FishEmbryologyT. G. Adams Cilia and CiliaAnonymousOur BaciaBusiness StaffKatharine Underv.-ood. . . . Bus. Man.Use MichaelisAsst. Bus. Man.(Application for entry as second-classmatter is pending.)The Universal PressNew BedfordWoods HoleMassachusettsAn ApologyWe humbly ask the indulgenceof our readers for the manyand varied errors which occurredin the last issue of The CollectingNet. They will not occuren masse again. Ratherthan permit mistakes to creepin with such frequency we willlet the number come out onMonday instead of Saturday.But this must not happen, andcan be avoided if we send ourcopy to the printers in sufficienttime. The bulk of thematerial must be in our handsbefore noon on Sunday so thatwe can put it on the boat leavingfor New Bedford on Mondaymorning. The remainderof the copy must follow on theearly boat Tuesday morning.Short items of importancecould be taken care of as lateas Tuesday evening, but thesemust always be limited.We view with chagrin thecondition of The Collectinq Netfor July 16. But we can alwayssee a bright side to theworst situation. What fun itwill be to watch ourselves imrprove, and how much more aperfect number will be appreciated!A day of sunshine atTuscon is just another day, buta day of sunshine at WoodsHole is the day!The Sad Fate of a Youthful Sponge(Tune: "John Broivn's Body.")There was a little blastula no bigger than a germ,Who performed invagination in his mothers mesoderm,And soon his nascent cilia with joy began to squirmIn ecstacy supreme.Chorus:Kci)i'.lt at'tLTi-neh vt'l'se.Oh, the joys of locomotion,Down within the depths of Ocean,Oh, to feel the great commotionWithin each blastomere.No protozoan e'er can guess the pleasure he did feelAs he felt within his ectoderm a growing pastrocoelWith joy and pride his polar cells began at length to reelIn foolish self-content.His gastrocoel was filled "with pride that comes before a fall.And he felt his mother's ectoderm to be exceeding small,So he freed himself from all restraint by rupturing the wall,And floated out to sea.But oh, alas for youthful pride, as upward he did soar,He caught the topmost spiculae upon his blastopore;And, trying hard to get it off, his ectoderm he toreA great, big, ugly rent."come ciuickly now and"Oh, Mother dear," he cried in grief,try . ,To heal my little ectoderm, or else I'll have to die;But his mother dear was sessile, and could only sit and cryFrom her excurrent pore.Now every night his little ghost within the depths is found,Lamenting to the annelids that burrow in the ground;The hydroids wave their tentacles and shudder at the soundOf that familiar strain.H. H. Wilder.Amphioxus{Tune: "Tipperary.")A fish-like thing appeared among the annelids one day;It hadn't any parapods or setae to display;It hadn't anv eyes or jaws or ventral nervous cord.But it had a lot of gill-slits, and it had a notochord.Chorus ;Repeat aftereach verse.It'sIt'sa long way from Amphioxus,It's a long way to us;a long way from AmphioxusTo the meanest human cuss;It's good-by, fins and gill-slits,Welcome, skin and hair;It's a long, long way from Amphioxus,But we came from there.It wasn't much to look at, and it scarce knew how to swim.And Nereis was very sure it hadn't come from him;The molluscs wouldn't own it, and the arthropods got sore.So the poor thing had to burrow in the sand along the shore.It wriggled in the sand before a crab could nip its tail^;And said, "Gill-slits and myotomes are all of no avail"I've grown some metapleurial folds, and sport an oral hood.But all these fine new characters don't do me any good."It sulked awhile down in the sand without a bit of pep.Then stiffened up its notochord and said, "I'll beat em yet;I've got more possibilities within my slender frameThan all these proud invertebrates that treat me with suchshame.""My notochord shall grow into a chain of vertebraeAs fins mv metapleural folds shall agitate the seaThis tiny dorsal nervous tube shall form a mighty brainAnd the vertebrates shall dominate the animal domain.'SCHOLARSHIP FUNDGETS TEN DOLLARSDr. Ralph Cole, owner of"Cole's" store in Falmouth, hasmade the initial donation to"The Collecting Net ScholarshipFund". On hearing aboutthe Fund and its purpose he immediatelywrote out a checkfor ten dollars payable to theFund. Dr. Cole's donation isappreciated by every one at theLaboratory and likewise hisrequest to "call again next summerfor another one".DIRECTORY ADDENDAADDITIONSHuifes, R., supt., Bureau of FisheriesTo The Collecting NetIndividually scientists seemto be more or less indispensibleto a community—mostly more.Collectively, the reaction seemsto be reversible. At least thatmust be the sad conclusionreached by one who, though farfrom scientific, knows the differencebetween fresh, sparklingH-O and the excuse for waterthat is perpetrated at WoodsHole. Have you had your irontoday? Healthy it may be, butfor flatness, tastelessness andcolor-scheme it is inconceivablyappalling.Isn't there some noble, unselfishscientist who can tearhimself away from seardh andre-searching long enough tobring Woods Hole water back toa state of normalcy? Let himprove that scientists en masseare not quite as legarthic andhopeless as they now seem tobe, and gain the fervent thanksof oneUnscientific Sufferer.A MYSTERIOUSSILENCEREIGNSWe have heard absolutelynothing about Mr. Clark andMr. Cushman and the object oftheir get-together. The conditionshave been diagnosed asbefore the storm"."the lullSentimental Salt''Wed me, my affinity,"Fervent Fluorine cried.Sweet maid Sodium shyly said,"For you I would have dyad."Fickle Fluorine falsely .fledWith Silly Kate, who jeers:"Content yourself with old Chlorine-Shed sodium chloride tears."Hal Ide, pH. D.

:THE COLLECTING NET PAGE SEVENII."THE STORY OF WOODS HOLE"Dr. Edwin Grant ConklinProfessor of Zoology, Princeton UniversityTHE BEGINNING OF BIOLOGY AT WOODS HOLE.(Continued)Anniversary CelebratedOn August 13, 1923, the MarineBiological Laboratory celebratedat Woods Hole the 50thanniversary of the founding ofthe Penikese School. A bronzetablet commemorative of LouisAgassiz and the Penikese Schoolwas set in a great boulder nearthe highest point on the islandof Penikese and a replica of thiswas placed in the entrance hallof the Crane Building of the M.B. L. Addresses were made atthe semi-centennial celebrationby three persons who had beenteachers or students at Penikese,namely : Edward S. Morse,David Starr Jordan and CorneliaClapp as well as by certainofficers and members of theM. B. L. All the speakers emphasizedthe new and fruitfulmethods in the study of biologyAvhich were introduced by thePenikese School.3. The Annisquam Laboratoryand the Inception ofthe M. B. L.The Marine Biological Laboratoryis the immediate outgrowthof a sea-side laboratoryconducted at Annisquam,Massachusetts, from 1880 to1886 by the Woman's EducationAssociation of Boston, incooperation with the Boston Societyof Natural History. TheAnnisquam Laboratory was organizedto serve the same endsas the Penikese School. Itspromotor and director was AlpheusHyatt, Curator of theBoston Society of Natural History,student of Agassiz and inherorof the Penikese ideal. Atfirst this laboratory was locatedin half of his own house andlater in an old barn remodeledfor the purpose. At the end ofits sixth session letters weresent out to persons and institutionsthat might be interested,inviting cooperation in establishinga larger and more permanentlaboratory. A preliminarymeeting was held at theBoston Society of Natural Historyin March, 1887, when itwas decided to raise S15,000 tofound a new laboratory. In thecourse of the next year aboutS10,000 was raised and onMarch 20, 1888 the Marine BiologicalLaboratory was incorporated.The First Annual Reportof the Laboratory says that"differences of opinion as to location,policy, etc., were difficultto reconcile," but Woods Holewas finally chosen becauseBaird had selected it for theFish Commission Station afterten years of experience up anddown the coast from Eastport,Me., to Crisfield, Md. A smallplot of land, 78x120 feet nearthe Fisheries Station wasbought for about §1300 and atwo story, frame building 28x63feet was erected on it, whichwith its water supply cost aboutS4000. In this founding of theMarine Biological LaboratoryAlpheus Hyatt was the leadingspirit and for two years heserved as President of the Trustees.Associated with him asfounders of the Laboratory wemust include three other Penikesians,C. S. Minot, W. K.Brooks and C. 0. Whitman andtheir names, together with thatof Agassiz, are now commemoratedin the name of the roadson the Gansett Property of theLaboratory.4. Professor Whitman AcceptsDirectorshipThe next step was to find asuitable director. ProfessorWhitman of Clark Universitywas finally offered the directorshipand accepted, and it is nodisparagement of what othershave done to say that the characterof this Laboratory is dueto Whitman more than toany other person. Whitmanwas in a peculiar sense a productof Penikese. A graduate ofBowdoin College and a teacherof Latin in the English HighSchool, Boston, he got his firstinspiration for biological workat Penikese. In his address atthe opening of this Laboratory,July 17, 1888, he said, "TheMarine Biological Laboratorytraces its historic roots to Penikeese.. . .Our minds naturallyrevert to the old PenikeseSchool." He often referred toPenikese, and its ideals wereever present in his mind andwere to a large extent embodiedin this Laboratory. As our parentslive in us so Penikese livesin the Marine Biological Laboratory.In his inaugural address atthe opening of this LaboratoryProfessor Whitman clearly indicatedwhat these ideals were."There is great need," he said,"for a laboratory which shallrepresent (1) the whole of biology,(2) both teaching and research,(3) the widest possiblecooperation of Educational andScientific institutions. Such alaboratory should not be merelya collecting station, nor a summerschool, nor a scientificworkshop, nor a congress of biologists,but all of these; an institutioncombining in itself thefunctions and features of thebest biological institutes in theworld, having the cooperation ofthe biologists of this country,and thus forming a national centerof research in every departmentof biology." Again in hisfirst Annual Report he said:"The new Laboratory at WoodsHole is nothing more and I trustnothing less than a first steptoward the establishment of anideal biological station, organizedon a basis broad enough torepresent all important featuresof the several types of laboratorieshitherto known in Europeand America. An undertakingof such magnitude cannot be amatter of local interest merelyand if it be pushed with energyand wisdom, it cannot fail toCompliments ofPENZANCE GARAGEWOODS HOLE, MASS.Day or NightPhone 652A. L. A.TowingBeach Party?FRESH ROLLSBACONSAUSAGESTEAKS andCHOPSEVERYTHINGQUICK SERVICELOW PRICESMorrison'sWoods Hole, Mass.Marketreceive the support of the universities,colleges and schools ofthe country."There was little in the earlyconditions of the laboratory tojustify such high hopes. It beganwith no assured cooperation,no constituency, a barebuilding, no library, no privaterooms for investigators, only arow boat for collecting and withonly two instructors, seven investigatorsand eight students.What it has grown to you cansee for yourselves. I think I donot exaggerate when I say thatthis Laboratory is probably thevery best as it is certainly thelargest marine biological laboratoryin the world.THE LEATHER SHOPFalmouth, Mass.ARTHUR C.EASTMANK. and G.BAKERY and LUNCHBreakfast 45c Supper 45-60cDinner 60-75cSpecial Rates by the WeektoLaboratory WorkersMrs. Grace Grant, Prop.P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO.PUBLISHERS :Yofke and Maplestoneof Vertebrates:: PHILADELPHIA-TheNematode ParasitesBij Warrington Yorke— Professor of Parasitology, Universityof Liverpool. P. A. Maplestone, M. D., D. S. 0.Forexvord by C. W. STILES, Professor of Zoology, UnitedStates Public Health Service.xi + 536 pp. 307 illustrations containing 1002 figures, 8vo.$9.00'pHIS book has been prepared in an effort to simplify-*•the identification of Nematode parasites. The generaaare described and classified.Pratt— Manual of Land and Fresh Water VertebrateAnimals of the United StatesBy Henry S. Pratt, Professor of Biology, Haverford Col-XV + 422 pp. 184 illustrations, 8vo. $6.00'y HIS manual supplies diagnostic descriptions of the- land and fresh water vertebrate animals of theUnited States (exclusive of birds,) together with anal}d;icalkeys by means of which they can be readily identifiedand their affinities determined. It gives the acceptedscientific names of species as well as all the larger groupsto which they belong, and also reflects the recent advancesin our knowledge of their systematic and structuralrelationships, their manner of life, and their geographicaldistribution. The region covered by this workis the whole of the United States between the Canadianand Mexican borders, and the southern portion of Canada.This book will be found to be of inestimable valuefor reference in all biological libraries and laboratories.EXHIBITING IN THE VESTIBULEOF THE MAIN BUILDING

;PAGE EIGHT THE COLLECTING NETTHE C. F. WING CONE\\BEDFORD. MASS

|tf^.tf^l^'i?,"?,distributiondenceprogressivewhichplasm—howeverthere'jBRAND NEW ARRIVALIN PACKARD FAMILYMiss Priscilla Adams Packardweight seven and one-quarterpounds, became the daughter ofDr. and Mrs. Charles Packardon Sunday, July 17, at Stratford,Conn, the home of Mrs. Packard'smother. Priscilla and hermother are getting along aswell as can be expected. Dr.Packard returned to WoodsHole on Monday evening, July19.Conkiin's Suiiimary(Continued from Page S)granules or pigments may bemerely passive materials thattake no active part in the processof differentiation, but "likethe shells on the beach they indicatewhere the tides of lifehave been." Among such eggsthat are particularly favourablefor the study of localization areithose of annelids, gastropods,cephalopods, ascidians, and amphibians.The study of the livingeggs in all of these groupsshows that there is a progressiveformation of different substances,and a progressive localizationof these substances. Experimentson all of these groupsindicate that the visible granulesor pigments may be shiftedabout without destroying thelocalization pattern of the egg.This proves that there is somesubstance in which this patterninheres and which does notchange its position when thevisible substances are movedIn the ascidians alone,safe in saying, therefore,periments Spemann has found that he would agree that sincejIthat there is localized in the are ova that exhibit noendoderm of the dorsal lip a fac- localized areas, the mere prestor which determines the differentiationof the dorsal organs terials suspended in the cylo-ence of variously colored ma-of the embryo. IIt is significant definite theirthat the notochord comes !from to systems and tocells in this region and I have organs— is not sufficient evifoundin ascidians and in am- that such materials ofjphioxus that the embryo does themselves are the causa of thatnot grow in length nor differ- 1 differentiationentiate normally unless 1a noto- we term embryology,chord is present. Is it possible jjjthat notochoi-dal tissue is Si3e-1'n/r „ f ^r,xv .mann's "organizer"? Finally ^^"^ °^ *^'^ PY^ t^at noritis generally accepted that al^^u^l\rZZl?r'f^^^''''^^'Tthough the nucleus is the seat IZo° f A f Vf^,'^P.^^ofinheritance materials nuclei. ^rZ;.''L ! 7T'' ^Z^""''^'undergo'no differentiation .^"."^.Crepidulain Pr,""^'"?'-the course of development The!stratification: 'HfijS^'"^.>f^°-'^' f^'cytoplasmthat is, theon the other hand is' ^"^i^^the seat of new differentiations !J't^' °\suspendedIts polarity, .symmetrv and pat^l P^^ Nicies of the protoplasm beternof localization are some-' ^ I ''>^''^^'^ ^ones according-IP^"'^about.of allfoundvisiblegroups named, I haveithat the dislocation ofsubstances does lead tothe dislocation of the developingorgans, and in this group, aswell as in others with "determinatecleavage," isolated blastomeresgive rise only to theparts of embryos which theywould have produced if they hadremained in connection withthe other blastomeres.Thi.s "mosaic development"of ascidians esrgs is very unlikethe results which Prof. E. B.Wilson obtained with the eggof amphioxus 34 years ago. Inview of the fact that the normaldevelopment of amphixous followsthe same pattern as that ofthe ascidians. I have repeatedProf. Wilson's experiments andhave found, as he did, that isolatedblastomeres of the twocellstage give rise to perfectlarvae. In a single instanceProf. Wilson found that onebla.stomere of the four-cell stajregave rise to a nearly completelarva, and in a, number of instancesI have found the samething to be true. Therefore theegg of amphioxus althoughTHE COLLECTING NETshowing the same localizationpattern as that of the ascidians,IS much more capable of regulation.This may be associatedwith the fact that the protoplasmof the amphioxus egg ismuch more fluid than is that ofthe ascidian egg. After thefour-cell stage, regulation of isolatedblastomeres never appearsin amphioxus and it rarely appearsas late as the four-cellstage. It occurs much morefrequently in anterior quartersthan in posterior ones and inthis respect it resembles theegg of 'Triton as described bySpemann. In conclusion,' theegg of amphibians, ascidiansand amphioxus have the samepattern of localization. In allof these there is a crescenticarea on the anterior-dorsal sideof unsegmented egg which goesinto the dorsal lip of the blastoporeand later gives rise tothe neural plate and notochord.In all of these eggs there is anarea around the posterior sideof the unsegmented egg whichgoes into the ventral and laterallips of the blastopore, and whichcontains all or almost all of thematerials which form the mesoderm.By a series of beautiful ex • feel!Just's Review(Contiiiusd fi-om Page 8)materials except that the pigmentgranules are at the surface.There are eggs whichare, according to descriptions,perfectly transparent. Whetherpigmented or not, numbers ofeggs show no morphological organization;and indeed, manyeggs, except during maturationor through the possession of afunnel (too frequently and erroneouslytermed a micropyle)in the jelly hull, give no evidenceofeven their inherent polarity.And the polarity of both eggcells and of adult organisms onthe basis of physiological studies,especially the work of Childand his students—the most importantmodern work in thephysiology of development—^wecannot dismiss simply by sayingthat polarity is a species ofmysticism.I have studied ProfessorConkiin's work most seriouslyand have leaned on it mostheavily in my own studies. Itimes fixed before fertilization *'' ^^'7 'f^'' ^'^""'H'and it is therefore necessarv to t^-f ^7'^°^ ^' •"°^f-1 "T"":rnr,r-inrio+>,of fv,. „„„„i„„„I„°: tTifuged cggs, as Lillie firstconclude that the egg alone fixes' 'I'' ''^^" .u^^"" . ^-T .^^the '^°^'^'pattern*^"' contradictmg theof devflopment and earlier work of Morganthat the eggonandArbacia;sperm are noteaualasmMorgan himself laterdevelopmental po- showed for the eggs of Arbaciatencies.and of Cumingia. Conkiin'sresults on the eggs of severalgastropods belong here also.S'lk UnderwearIt is noteworthy that all theseova except th;-' ovum of ArbaciaLinersSilk HosieryPerfumesDress MaterialsatMRS. WEEKS' SHOPSF.^LMOUTHpossess determinate cleavage.What is more, of centrifugedeggs with determinate cleavage(e. g., Lillie's work on ChaetoDterus)the clear portions devoidof granules are capable of development.IV.On the basis of these considerationsit is reasonable to con-PAGE NINEelude that the progressive differentiationwhich is development,is not dependent on visiblestuffs in the eggs whether thesebe pigmented or not, no matterhow definite may be their distributionto the germ layersand to the various organs. Progressivedifferentiation—i. e.,development—is inherent in theground substance or colloidalsubstratum in which are suspendedthe granules, spherules,and the like—of mitochondria,yolk, oil, etc. Even in tho.secases where the variously coloredsuspended particles takeup definite loci in the developingembryo, we have no good evidencethat such location is morethan casual. The ground substanceis real protoplasm; theformed bodies suspended in theground sub.stance are not protoplasmin the fundamental sense:they are but expressions of theactivity of this practically almosthomogeneous ground substance.This does not meanthat the granules, spherules,etc., whether pigmented or notare mere metabolites — theyhave, as we know, undoubtedfunctions. But if we are seekingthe "cause" of the progressivedifferentiation, i. e., of development,it is a mistake in theface of the mass of evidence onthe other side, to attribute thisprogressive differentiation tovisible stuffs in the egg, howeverimportant they may be in asubsidiary way to the maincourse of development.It is unfortunate that manyworkers apparently do not sufficientlyappreciate the distinctionbetween the ground substanceor colloidal substratumof the cell and the cell body asa whole—that is, the groundsubstance plus the various granules,spherules, etc., suspendedin it. Thus, Wilson speaks ofthe alveolar structure of protoplasm,meaning by the alveoli,I would guess, the yolk spheres.There is no good evidence thatthe ground substance is alveolar;or, that it is an emulsion.It would be well, therefore, ifwe keep in mind that there isthis almost homogeneous andalmost optically empty groundsubstance, which, isolated fromthe visible stuffs in an egg withdeterminate cleavage, is capableof the developmental process.The localization phenomena inthe_ progressive differentiationwhich is development, is a problemof the ground substance.Dr. George H. GreeneDENTISToffice, Ne.arly Opposite St. Barnabas;\Irinorial ChurchFALMOUTH. MASS.Hours: 9 A. M. - 12 M. ; !-! P. M.Telephone 3.j

11gland.PAGE TENTHE COLLECTING NETReminiscences of the Fishgratification, an appropriationwas m.ade by Congress whichCommissionallowed for the improvement ofthis property. As a result,(Continued from Pa?e 4)what in 1882 was a rocky point,Baird exeixis^s power with soon became the well-appointedconsummate tact. The othm. o-rounds of the Fish Commission,with sea wall, basin, poolof the Albatross performed theirsomewhat unusual duties with and pier on the water, and laboratoryand other buildings oncheerful promptness. As loiCaptain Tanner, whom I saw m the landward side, much as theyall the vigorous activity ot hib are today.Suff personality, his suppor o Dr. Andrews recalls the longProfessor Baird was enthusias consultations which Professorfie efficient and whole-hearted. Baird was holding with ProfessorsVerrill and Smith over blueProfessor Baird was verysensitive in the matter of appointments.I am quite sure steamship for deep sea work.prints of new buildings and a?hat any one with the name of These were so far accomplishedBaird would have stood little factsIfhance of securing a position onthe Fish Commission. He evenexpressed regret that the chiefengineer on the Albatross borethat name, with whose assignmentas an officer of the Nayy,he could not have had anythingto do. and who, so far as he, orany one else knew, was no relationof his..us who did not joinThose ofthe Commission until isomissedmuch of the experienceof those who had been associatedwith Prof essor Baird m previoussummers. Thus, Di. E.A. Andrews, m a recent letter,speaking of the work at Newport,tells of the shrinking attentionwhich he and others inthe laboratory gave to an exhibitionof snakes let loose on thefloor by the Professor, whotalked, most interestingly ot theking-snake, and other sortsmeanwhile handling them withfamiliarity and pleasure not altogethercomprehended by_ hisstartled audience. This is aphase of Professor Baird, whichwe at Woods Hole had bttle opportunityto observe.The importance of having apermanent laboratory at WoodsHole appealed so strongly toProfessor Baird, that, when itappeared to be doubtful thatthe government could be inducedto assist in the undertaking,he devised the plan of havingthe colleges and universitiesassist by contributing to thepurchase of land, on conditionthat they should have perpetualright to a table, or tables, forthe use of students, or membersof their teaching staffs.About this time he enlistedthe -sympathy of the late JosephFay in the project, the resultof which was a gift to the generalgovernment, for the FishCommission, of the water fronton Great Harbor, running fromthe property, now owned by theMarine Biological Laboratory,to a point about opposite the•western end of the breakwateron Buzzards Bay. Then, somewhatto the Professor's surprise,1 think, but much to hisby 1882 that_ plans 'forthem were not much in evidenceso far as my memory serves, although plans for the equipmentof the new laboratory were discussed,the designs for whichwere drawn by Professor Verrill,and constructed under hisdirection.The Albatross was plannedfor deep sea work, and was, andstill is, a good sea-going steamship.Perhaps no one is at fault,and it is doubtless only an incidentin the onrush of events inthese days of world disturbance,,but, when, last summer, I sawthe Albatross made fast to theFish Commission wharf, atWoods Hole, with no crew,either on board or ashore, withstreaks of rust on her sides,and with a list to starboard, asif she were downright discouraged.I could not help contrastingher present forlorn plightwith the trim appearance which.she presented, Avhen, in 1883,complement of officerswith fulland crew, and with the temporaryaddition of a small staff ofinvestigators, she made her firstdredging trip to the GulfStream. I remember too thelively interest which ProfessorBaird took in this trip, and inthe strange examples of theabyssal fauna which were secured.I do not know what he wouldthink, if he were here, and ashe was when the Albatross wasnew. He gave me the impressionof being one who had learnedto maintain complete masteryover himself. That he was capableof just anger there can beno doubt, and I think that thepresent disuse of the Albatrossmight prove a severe test of hispowers of self-control.(Continued Next Week)SANSOUCIBARBER SHOPExpert BobbingWOODS HOLE, MASS.Mathews' Review(Continued from Page 5)that when the blood circulationhad been interrupted for a fewminutes, the capillaries allowedthe dye to pass very much morerapidly and would allow evencolloidal dyes to pass. Urethanehad a similar action. Injury ofany kind increased the ease ofpassage of fluid and colloidthrough the capillary walls.Simple dilation of the capillariesdid not change their permeability,as had been suggested as apossibility by Keogh, althoughthe increased pressure of theblood in the capillary producedby dilation of the arteriole didincrease the rate of passage offluid outward.The work as a whole is verymuch to be commended. It isingenious, thorough and quantitative.It gives us definite figuresfor the rate of passagethrough capillary walls whichare valuable. It made on theaudience a delightful impression,as it was presented clearlyand gracefully.The general result of_ thework was to confirm an opinionexpressed some thirty years agoby Professor Starling, the Englishphysiologist, that the pressurein the capillaries must belarge enough to force out of theblood the liquid with substancesin solution, against the pressureinward due to the osmotic pressureof the blood proteins. Determinationsof the osmoticpressure of the proteins of theblood plasma have shown pressuresranging from 10 to 12 cms.of water in frogs blood. This isjust the pressure measured byLandis as the capillary pressure.While the results thus supportthe idea that the passageof fluid through the capillarywall is largely controlled bythese two mechanical factors ofosmotic pressure and capillaryblood pressure, as has beenigenerally concluded hitherto,they show also that the state ofthe capillary wall itself is stillmore important. This state isreferred to by the author in consonancewith custom as permeability:but it really means thestate of vital action of the wallitself. The capillaries are madeof living cells; these cells areinnervated. Dr. Landis hassho-wn that the maintenance of.their ordinary impermeabilityto proteins is dependent upontheir respiration; and since thefundamental effect of the nerveimpulse is to change the rate ofthe respiration of cells, it maybe anticipated that furtherwork will show that the formationof the lymph is controlledby the activity of the capillarycells, although the drivingforces may be those of osmosisand capillary blood pressure.Dr. Landis should bring hisresults into connection with thework on secretion. It will berecalled that many years agoHeidenhain postulated the controlof lymph formation bynerves, and made the assumptionthat the passage was largelya secretion controlled byspecial nerves. The reviewerdiscovered many years ago thatif blood is cut off from the salivaryglands for a few minutes,readmission of the blood is oftenfollowed by the spontaneous andrapid flow of saliva from theDr. Landis has shownthat this process of deprivationof oxygen leads to the increaseof passage of fluid through thecapillary wall. The naturalconclusion is that this may indirectlycause the spontaneoussecretion of saliva observed.And if this is so, the control ofsecretion by the chorda tympaninerve may be largely by itsactionon the blood flow, in addi-•tion to its innervation of contractileelements in the gland.The admirable work of Dr.Landis illustrates also the greatvalue of the discovery of amethod of investigation. Methodsdeveloped by Dr. Chambersfor the study of cell structureare found to be applicable tothe solution of a problem mquite another fleld. By thismethod the biologist can studyindividual capillaries. He no_longer has to rely on statisticalaverages of behaviour of greatnumbers of capillaries. It is bythe study of individuals, ratherthan by that of populations,that real advance is made inbiological work. It is thispower of stiidying individualswhich gives the biologist hisgreat advantage over the physicistand chemist, for both thelatter branches of science areforced, in nearly all cases, tostudy great populations, and torely on statistical methodswhich show only what the averageconduct will be and neverwhat any single individualmolecule or atom or electron orindividual will do. Perhapswhen the physicist is able tostudy the behaviour of an atomhe will find it showing all theindications of possessing mentalityand exercising choice,which the biologist finds inevery living thing whether thatbe the cell of a capillary wallor himself.IDEALRESTAURANTBEST FOOD IN TOWNMain Street Woods Hole

:jfinal.!OUR BACIAWhat we are doing in Physiologymay be summarized asfollowsFor the first two weeks weaveraged nine lectures a week;now we have one a day, at nineo'clock. Professor Michaelis ofBerlin and Johns Hopkins hasbeen lecturing on physical chemistryas applied to biology. Almosteveryone who can manageit comes to hear him, but sincethere are some who cannot, asummary of his lectures may beof interest. First he treated theperiodic system in a strikingfashion, valence, interactions ofelements all standing out intheir relationship to it. Nextthe mass law. The "K" of allthe reactions will be an intimatememory to all of us.Electrolvtic dissociations led to"pH", and that to "buffers" and"indicators". Hydrogen andquin-hydrone electrodes werenext discussed, then adsorptionand surface tension. Ordinai-yphysico-chemical subjects werepresented in a most extraordinarymanner. Dr. Michaelis continueshis course Tuesdays,Wednesdays and Fridays atnine o'clock. Dr. Jacobs or Dr.Fenn lecture on the other days.Dr. Jacobs' lectures have beenequally noteworthy. He haspresented over ninety references,(up to the present time),each one succinctly summarizedand mostly from recent publications.Such a summary of literaturein itself would be remarkable;but he has donemuch more. He put a vitalityinto mathematical equationswhich makes even a DoubtingThomas realize that in biologythe mathematioaJ approach isan extremely' productive one:calculus, physiology, chemistry,and applied sciences show theirintimate relationships.And the laboratory work, atpresent under Drs. Jacobs andHaywood, but soon to be underDrs. Fenn and Hartline, is anoutstanding feature. One ofthe class claims unerring accurracyin differentiating the malefrom the female Arbaeia. but the Irest go blindly in, making lots!of mistakes. Effects of ions, Ialone and in combination, effectsof change of tonicity ofthe water, and pH bring out themore or less quantitative results.The Amherst instructorrarely gets poor results; othersa minority, perhaps, though onetween one and six a. m., rarelyunoccupied between six and one.The shades of the arinicolalarvae, the neytelus, and thefaithful Funduli cry out for aplace in this sketch but shortshrift must be given them.Youail (if we may so address someof the fearless few still reading)know how Fundulus withscales intact can live in eithersea or fresh water. This mustbe seen to be appreciated; alsothose remarkable chromatophores.As an N. Y. U. MedicalSchool man said : "How did anyonehappen to find out that they'beat' after being put in sodiumand then in barium?"The inability of the dulyelected sub-editor to preparethis note for The Collecting Netis regretted by the whole class,but by none more than by the'Anonyynous Undersigned"'The Chemical Room"(Continued from Page 2)bable price, is also noted in theChemical Room book. This enablesthe Chemical Room tokeep track of the general amountout against it even though notcorresponding exactly to thebill prices. When the billcomes in it is of course comparedwith the items in the ChemicalRoom book, the bill pricesare also added and the bill itselfalong with the name of the firm,order numbers, date and totalamount is entered in anotherplace in the same book.When an order comes in, besidesbeing checked off as receivedin the order book, thedate of receipt, in the case ofchemicals, is stamped upon thelabel and the label and stopperedend is dipped in a mixture ofmelted soft paraffin and beeswax.This is also done to mostreagent bottles each time afterthe bottle has been opened duringthe season.The above named orders aretermed "Emergency Orders". Incontra-distinction to them thereare orders made up in advanceof the season, based upon theprobable needs for the comingseason. Such orders are knownas "Winter Orders". Data forthose orders are obtained fromentries in the book entitled"Suoplies Needed for Next Sea-.'•on". from inspection of theemergency orders of the seasonand from a careful inspection ofthe stock at the end of the season.Entries are made inabove book during the season byTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE ELEVENof them is now writing, are notso clever and their curves when any member of the staff. Fromplotted remind one of the Coolidgeangle worms now causing estimated pricct and forms thethese data a list is made up witha deep schism in the G. 0. P. basis of the winter orders. InDon't forget the explanations placing these orders, certain(not always mathematical) of standardized articles, the priceswhy the curves were or were of which are fixed, are orderednot as they should be. The laboratoryis rarely occupied be-the laboratory deals mostf'-om a suitable firm with whichextensively.In the case of othersupplies quotations are obtainedfrom several firms and the ordersare placed on the basis ofthese. In all cases quotationsare obtained before an order isplaced whether there is competitionor not. When these ordersreach the Laboratory they areof course checked off on the invoicesand the goods placed inthe proper places in the ChemicalRoom, bottles of chemicalsbeing first dated and treatedwith paraffin wax as previouslyindicated. When the bills comein their prices are of course comparedwith the quotation pricesm the usual way. At thebeginning of the season all thebills for emergency orders withtheir amounts etc., but not theiritems, are entered in the abovementioned Chemical Room orderbook. These, with the subsequentemergency order bills enteredthere, not only enable theChemical Room to easily keeptrack of its annual expendituresbut furnishes a reasonably accuratebasis for a tabulation ofthe amounts spent for chemicals,glassware, etc., (excepting theapparatus now under the chargeof Professor Pond). It wasfrom such data that the expendituresfor each year since 1910,given earlier in this aiticle,were based.It may be of interestto note in passing that theChemical Room has had dealingswith about seventy-five toone hundred firms in its pasthistory. In the early days theold firm of Bausch and Lombreceived considerable attentionbut now for many years pastthe fine old German firm ofEimer and Amend of New Yorkseems to hold first place, with,an honorable mention of theArthur H. Thomas Company ofPhiladelphia and the FisherScientific Company of Pittsburgh.The above applies especiallyto glassware etc. In theline of chemicals we find still on.the shelves many bottles labeledKahlbaum, all pre-war, togetherwith much from J. T.Baker, Eimer and Amend,Merck, Eastman Kodak Company,not to mention a numberof others. In the case of certainkinds of .supplies, the policyhas been pursued, when fillingin emergency orders, of orderingextra amounts. This hasresulted, in the case of dyes, inbuilding up a fine stock of theGrubler dyes, there being in theneighborhood of two hundredon the Chemical Room list.(To B3 Continued)SAMUEL CAHOONWholesale and Retail D.3aler inFISH AND LOBSTERSTel. Falmouth 6G0-C61WrotJa Hole, Mass.DR. H. A. WHITEDENTISTMain St. Opposite Post OfficeTel. 907-2 Falmouth, Mass.RIDE THE BUSTO FALMOUTHIt costs less than todrive your own car.B. R. NICKERSONWOODS HOLE, MASS.The Elizabeth TheatreFALMOUTH, MASS.HIGH CLASS PHOTOPLAYSShow Starts at 7.45 — Feature Picture at 8.30Short Reels Repeated After the Feature Picture.A COMPLETE SHOW AFTER 8.30Saturday Two Shows at 7.00 and 9.00 O'clockMatinees Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at 2.30Monday July 25"WEDDING BILLS"withRAYMOND GRIFFITHFox Ne\v3 Educational ComedyTuesday July 26"BROADWAY NIGHTS"withLOIS WILSON, SAM HARDYNewsComedyWed. & Thurs July 27-28"McFADDEN'S FLATS"with C. Murray, C. ConklinPathe News Aesop FablesShort ReelFriday July 29with"FRAMED"MILTON SILLSTopics of the Day

PAGE TWELVE THE COLLECTING NETJELLY FISHOn July 28 some 50 odd studentsassembled in the Invertebratelaboratory to learn allthat the catalogue promised.For you who are further interested,we refer you to the 1927announcement of the MarineBiological Laboratory. Theroutine of lecture and laboratorywork has been broken byfive field trips so far. These areby far the most interesting featuresof the course. By thismeans the students get firsthand information as to thehabitat and habits of the animalsthey are studying. Thisis really invaluable to some ofour budding professors of InvertebrateZoology.The first trip was Dr. Dawson'sParadise, for we went ona protozoa hunt. As the classis very large we divided intotwo parties, one going out inthe vicinity of Nobska with Dr.Young, and the other to Penzancewith Dr. Dawson. (Note:Wear your seven-league bootswhen going with Dr. Young oryou will find yourself somewherein the rear). You cannotfool Dr. Dawson when itcomes to protozoa. All attemptsto present unidentifiedforms failed.Many of the newcomers toWoods'Hole decided after a visitto the Cedar Swamp and theSphagnum Swamp that fieldtrips are no joke, but must betaken in a humble spirit for onenever knows when the fall isgoing to come.At Quisset we went on ourfirst salt water collecting trip.Dr. Bennitt enjoyed this forworms were abundant. It reallyis a help that each tour revealsin abundance a form tomake our staff happy and enthusiastic.And speaking of enthusiasm,it is a joy to go collectingwith our staff, for theynever grow weary of the countlessquestions and are quite ashappy to receive a student's discoveryas though it were really.something never before seen.Quisset was a rather moist excursion,but clean salt water isno hardship.Preceding the field trip forJuly 9, Dr. Young lectured onPhylogeny. This was our firstcruise on the Cayadetta, althoughsome went on the Nereisand said that they pitied thoseon the larger boat. The wharfpiles at Vineyard Haven, arewell covered with Mytius edtilis,and thanks to the forethoughtof Drs. Young and Severinghaus,certain fortunate membersof the class carried onthroucrh the arduous work ofscraping pilings wifh steamedmussels. We were fortunate ingetting a very good collectionof the animal inhabitants ofwharf pilings.Another trip was taken toNobska for salt water formsand was distinguished by a fewduckings into the salt water.As bathing suits were the acceptedcostume for this event,no harm was done. The sunburnsvisibly increased. Theprize trip was on Saturday,July 16, when the class went toHadley Harbor. In his instructionsto the class before starting.Dr. Young announced thatif anyone was unacquaintedwith the properties of mud hewould not long remain in ignorance.Now all you have to sayis "Hadley Harbor" to an invertebrateand he will groan.All joking aside this was themost successful collecting so farand will probably hold the record.One hundred and sixty-fiveforms were collected and onehundred and three forms wereon the demonstration table.The mud flats proved to be mostrich in Echinodermata. Dv.Young's team deserves the prizefor getting the most forms, thenumber being about one hundredtwenty.We really do more than goon collecting expeditions, eventhough this account seems todeal mainly with that part ofthe course. If you were to dropin any evening at any hour, youwould certainly see many studentsworking busily to completework not finished duringregular lab. hours. It is duringthese times that we get to knoweach other and much exchangeof general inform^ation goes onin these informal workingperiods.(Bw ^utfjoritiegDr. Edv/in Linton is nowHonorary Research Fellow inZoology at the University ofPennsylvania. He came firstto Woods Hole as assistant toProfessor Verrill in 1882, andhas returned continuously towork here during the summerexcept for five scattered yearswhen he was working at otherbiological stations. Dr. Lintonwas professor of zoology at theWashington and Jefferson Collegefrom 1892 to 1922; andalmost from the beginning ofhis research work he has beendevoting the larger part of histime_ to the study of parasitologyin fishes. He has concernedhimself especially with the lifehistory and distribution of the,Helimuth parasites.Through the generosity ofMr. Henry D. Sharpe, a memberof the Corporation of BrownUniversity, a fellowship inbiology of ?1000 has just beenestablished for the year 1927-1928.LABORATORYandSUPPLIESOur General Laboratory and Museum Supplies Include:Scientific Apparatus and Instruments, Chemicals, AnatomicalModels, Osteological Preparations, NaturalHistory Specimens and Preparations, Wall Charts,Museum and Naturalists' Supplies, Glass Jars,Miscroscopes and Accessories.Biological and General Laboratory SuppliesTHE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATIONOF AMERICADept. of Natural Science,G. Lagai, Ph.D.119-125 7th Ave.(Cor. 17th St.)New York CityCENTRIFUGESINTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO.352 Western Ave., Boston, Mass.These Centrifuges were developed to meet, in a practicalway, the varied requirements of many laboratories. Theyare made in several sizes, with capacities ranging fromtwo tubes of 15 ml. each to ten cups of 1500 ml. each,and with relative centrifugal forces up to 3800 timesgravity.Bulletins CI and C2 describe the most used LaboratorySizes.HUDSON-ESSEXMOTOR CARSWe have several good secondhand cars for sale.The Crocker GarageCorporation, Inc.Fain ith Mass.Laboratory Directions inGeneral PhysiologyBy E. NEWTON HARVEYPrincetonUniversityA limited numiber of copiescan be obtained from thePrinceton University Store,Princeton, N. J., for $1.00each, plus postage.W C DAVIS-COMPANYHOME FURNISHERSFALMOUTH MASSB=B

;Number 4 WOODS HOLE, SATURDAY, JULY 30, 1927 Siilisf-riptioii $1.2.>History cf Woods HoleIs Thems Used by ArtistIt is a far cry from candleworks to chromosomes, fromguano to science, from whalingships and British soldiers toyachting rigs and summerboarders—from 1667 to 1927,but Mr. Frank J-,. Gifford, businessman through the week andartist on Sundays, has foundthat the feel of the old daylingers along with the new—thisimported 'Biological'.For one thing the old housethat Ebenezer Hatch built sometimeafter he came here in 1667is still standing. In its time itknew Indians, battling Colonists,whaling traders, and a journeyto its new foundation 'on QuissetAvenue, where it is knownas the old Knight house. Foranother thing Mr. Gifford haspainted pictures of Woods Holefrom the time he was a boy,and he has painted memory picturesof Woods Hole from thetime his grandparents knew.He owns pictorial evidence ofWoods Hole from 1812, the earlypictures painted from his fathers'memory as clear cut nowas his own remembrances. Aseries of these and other pictureswere taken to New Yorkthis winter, exhibited in theWhitney studios and photographedfor various rotogravuresections.Mr. GifFord's first historical_picture is concerned with thatappealing incident in 1812 ofthe British soldiers versus theastute New Englanders, of thefamous schooner that was requisitionedby the British. Thedoughty New England captainran the 'boat aground in LittleHarbor, and when the Britishsoldiers came for it they wereentertained to satiety with ginas effective as the present bootlegvariety. And so they forgottheir errand.Little Harbor at that timewas fringed with the ten-footwigwamish looking pyramidsthat were put over the salt vatson rainy days, when salt wasmade by drying out sea water.(Continued on Page 11)iH. p. 1. CalenbarSaturday, July 309:00-12:00 P. M.Club Dance. Orchestra. M. B. L.Club. Admission free to members;75c for non-members.Sunday, July 319:00 P. M.Informal Singing. Upstairs on theM. B. L. Club porch.Wednesday, August 44:30 P. M.Dedication of a memorial tabletto the late Jacques Loeb.Addresses By: Dr. Simon Flexner,Rockefeller Institute, Dr. Fx'ankR. Lillie, University of Chicagoand Dr. Hardolph Wastencys,University of Toronto.Friday, August 154:00-6:00 P. M.Tea. Protozoology and Embryology.M. B. L. Club.Friday, August 58:00 P. M.Evening Lecture. J. MansfieldClark, Prof?E3or of Chemistry,Hygienic Laboratory, Washington,D. C. Subject: "A restrictedbut new approach tooxidation-reduction in the livingcell".DEDICATION OF TABLETCOMMEMORATING LOEBON COMING WEDNESDAYA ceremony in honor of Dr.Jacques Loeb, who died in 1924,will be held in the auditorium ofthe brick building on Wednesdayafternoon, August 4, at 4:30P. M. at which time a bronzeplaque commemorating his lifeand work will be unveiled. Theplaque will later be placed in thelobby of the building next to theWhitman tablet.Three short addresses inhonor of Dr. Loeb will be givenby friends and fellow workers.Dr. Frank R. Lillie former directorof the M. B. L. will speakas a representative of the laboratoryon Loeb's relation to theM. B. L. Dr. Simon Flexner ofthe Rockefeller Institute willspeak on Dr. Loeb's connectionwith the Rockefeller Ir.stitute,and Dr. Hardolph Wasteneys ofthe Univfrsity of Toronto, afoi-mei" pupil of Dr. Loeb, willdiscuss his work in physiology.Each of the addresses will beabout ten minutes in length.WHAT ISLIMITINGFACTOR IN GROWTHSize and Number as Relatedto Orga:i!E!TisDr. N-. A. CabbXfniatuldjjist. r. S. Diiiai-tinvnt of-VjirlcultureRt'port 0." ail hyinformal evening talkI»r. Cobb whieh was j^iven at tiie Bureau(if Fisheries as one of a series ofi etuv s I>\- the liur.-au of Fisheries'"nv^'srijjatnrs.Why not vertebrates a milelong and a thousand feet high?Why not vertebrates only aquarter of an inch long? Theknown facts clearly indicatelimits in both directions. Thespeaker sketched some of thereasons for the existence of theupper limit, e. g. circulation difficultiesdue to friction in theblood vessels, accumulation ofan excess of excreta during thelong journey out and back, thedifficulty of maintaining temperatureat the extremitieslimits set by the strength of materials,bone could not be strongenough or muscles efficientenough to properly support andmove so large an organism ; foodsupply difficulties; space limitationsconnected with protectingsuch an organism from the elementsetc., etc.Reasons were sketched for thenon-existence o f exceedinglysmall vertebrates. The complica t e d vertebrate mechanismwould be in the way in an organismof such small size. Why anelaborate pumping system topump blood for a distancethrough which it might diffusewithout such a system? So with"centralized" respiration. Thecompetition of such imaginarysmall vertebrates with otherorganisms, say insects, of simplerstructure better adapted tosuch small sizes would be ahopeless struggle. Why not insectsas large as moles or assmall as microbes? Similarsketchy observations were alsomade concerning the clearly indicatedsize limits in this groupof "lower" organisms.(Continued on Page 2)DATE IS SET FORWATER SPORTSAnnual Natatorial Contests to BeHeld Friday, August 5,at 3 P. M.Mrs. Warfcasse Is SponsorThe annual Woods Hole WaterSports, so long a feature of thesummer's activities, will be heldagain this year under the sponsorshipof Mrs. J. P. Warbasse,to whose interest and effortsthe success of this event has somany times been due. Thesecontests will be conducted fromthe Cayadetta float in view ofthe spectators who will line theshore directJy in front of theLaboratory, and will begin at3 o'clock on the afternoon ofFriday, August 5th.The customary series ofevents will be run off, with additionsand variations. Asusual, swimming and divingwill be the order of the day, butbesides these there will be a TubRace for junior entries andCanoe Tilts for boys and girls.It is hoped to make the RelayRaces an even more popularfeature of the Sports this yearthan they have been in the past.The various classes will be encouragedto form relay teams,both men's and women's, andthe competitive spirit thus engenderedamong the studentsshould run high. At present nosatisfactory scheme for handicaDoingthe Invertebrate team,with its reputed quartet of collegeswimming stars, has beensuggested, but it is rumoredthat they may have to swim witharms and legs tied behind them.It is hoped that the Investigatorsmay enter a crack team offour against a picked studentquartet.As the Junior events will becalled off first starting promptlyat 3 P. M.., the Senior Swims andDives will be in order at 4 orshortly after, thus avoiding conflictwith the laboratory classwork.A competent corps of judgeswill be under the leadership ofDr. H. C. Bradley, and the re-(Continued on Page 11)

—PAGE TWO THE COLLECTING NETRound Table DiscussesCopepods and the NemasThe staff of the Bureau ofFisheries together with the independentinvestigators andseveral guests met again for the"Fisheries Thursday NightRound Table" on July 14. ThisIS the second meeting in theseries designed to give opportunityfor the discussion of theproblems of the various investigatorsand to promote fellowshipamong the workers. Dr.C. B. Wilson and Dr. N. A. Cobbwere the leading speakers, althoughmany joined in the informaldiscussion Avhich followedthe presentation of thepapers.Dr. Wilson, who has spentmany years at Woods Hole, andis a recognized authority oncopepods, discussed special problemsconcerning the copepods ofthe Woods Hole region. Up to1926 published lists includedonly about 75 species knownfrom this locality. Dr. Wilsonhas, however, collected over 300species already, including parasiticand free-living forms, andhas made significant observationsconcerning their distributionwith regard to various ecologicalfactors.Dr. N. A. Cobb, senior nematologist.U. S. Department ofAgriculture, discussed his workon the marine nemas under thetitle "Size and Number as ReHe point-lated to Organisms".ed out the characteristics ofmarine nemas which make themso well adapted for the investi- igation of fundamental problemsin biology and illustrated, atsome length, the development ofmathematics as a necessary partof biological research.An informal social hour folowedthe more general discussions.About forty personswere present.What Limits Size(Continued from Page 1)Generalizing why not multicellularorganisms beyond certainmaximum and minimumlimits? A little thought showsthat limits are set by the relationshipsof particular mechanismsto the distances involved;and as size, in such cases, is afunction of the number of cooperatingcells, the limits areset in numerical terms. This becomesclearer when we considerour ability to represent a cellularorganism by a strictly mathematical(numerical) expression.(The bioequation.) *The speaker next asked, "Whydo we not have cells a meter long• .Tnur, Wash. Aeatl. St'ionce, Juiip •?. 13--"belowand why not typical cellsthe limits of a micron or two."Here again reasons were sketchedas to why the mechanism ofthe typical cell would be so complexas to "be in its own way"when the distances involved becomesufficiently small and thenumber of properties to betransmitted sufficiently few.Size limits in these variouscases are set by a fundamentalnecessity, having its "final"source in the size of the electroniccombinations. Particularattention was called to the factthat, usually, the size limits of"adjacent" higher and lowergroups of organisms reciprocallyoverlap (e. g. Vertebrates andInsects), and also to the factthat cells representing individualsof certain species of unicellularorganisms are largerthan some of the multicellulars,or, to emphasize by reversing,many multicellulars are smallerthan some of the larger unicellulars.There is a distinct lappingof one on to the size limitsof the other.When we speak ofpictures" of distant and invisiblethings and events, and haveinvented means for transmittingthrough various media signsthat represent these mental pictures.Thus the social organismevolved.the social organism it is usuallyassumed that we are usinganalogj', but an interesting formulationmight be made out forhomology Are not the interactionsbetween relatively fardistantintellectual organisms,existing in the sea of air surroundingthe earth, in manyways actually homologous withthe passage of stimuli, etc. inmore viscous fluid media betweencells? When two verysmal/1 organisms live m symbiosis,or between cells in blood,or between cells even more in-timately organized we have thiscondition.The concept of organisms ofthis higher or social grade suggeststhe question of there beingalso lower orders of organismsat the other end of the acceptedseries. This idea is not newfor their existence was specificallyasserted by acute observersand adventurous thinkersin the plainest of languageat least half a century ago,but at that time the supportingevidence was so meagre that theidea did not rise to the dignityof a working hypothesis. Now itis quite different. Today whatwe know about certain smallliving elements, both inside andoutside of cells, compels such aworking hypothesis, even if weare not already beyond the hypotheticalstage.Here again, size seems aprime determining element.When a cell( really a relativelycomplex and large organism)transmits its exceedingly numerousproperties to its descendants,nothing short of an elaboratecensus and mobilization is adequate.Hence follow mitosisand itscomplications.A cell has, in a great degree,to take care of itself; and somust have many of the multitudinousproperties characteristicof the groups of cells constitutinghigher organisms. Itmust nourish itself. "You cantake the horse to food, (or viceversa) but you cannot make himeat;—^he must do that himself,"seems to summarize the situation.If the cell ("eats") assimilates,and is to continue, thenit must have mechanism adeluateto select, transport, digest.excrete, etc.—at least to takesome part in reproducing itself.All this complexity is because ofthe number of characters, and''Organisms'* cf Greater Size,because of the size,—i. e. the dis-"Social Organisms"Developing a more complexnervous system, the higherorganisms have evolved "mentaltance involved. But what if allthese be a hundredfold or morereduced? Plainly, the requirementswould call for a simplermechanism; cell-mechanismwould be so complicated as to bein the way.LITOBIONTSThe speaker had ventured tosuggest a general name, Litobionts,for the group of organismswhich his observations lediiim to believe to exist, thesevery organisms of lower grade;—'(litos, simple), simple-organisms.The Litobionts have distinctiveproperties, such assmall size, and simplicity of composition,but nevertheless, live,assimilate, grow, multiply ;not only dividing somewhatafter the manner of some higher,filamentous organ-more or lessisms, but multiplying by endogenmisd^^^ision, this latter beingone of the speaker's own observations.Yet it is possible to over emphasizethe smallness of Litobionts.The speaker stated hisbelief that we have been lookingat Litobionts a long time,—Litobiontsof the larger size,—^withoutrecognizing their nature,just as observers previous to thetime of Schleiden and Schwannhad been looking at cells withoutrecognizing their natui'e.Just as the multicellular andunicellular organisms overlapeach other in the matter of size,so the unicellular organisms(having the charcteristic propertiesof cells as now defined)overlap the Litobionts. Thereare unicellular organisms smallerthan some Litobionts. _Or,in reverse, some Litobiontslarger than some unicellularorganisms.That the Litobionts are muchsimpler than cells, is indicatedby a number of facts. Their effectson light indicate that inthe main, they are composed ofa smaller number of kinds ofmolecules of a more orderly arrangement.The fact that someof them are soluble in reagents,(e. g. acetic acid,) is anotherindication of relative simplicity.In a word, we must conceive ofthe Litobionts as made up of asmaller number of kinds ofsimpler molecules manipulatedthrough very much smaller distances,and therefore necessarily(a matter of "economy", "leastresistance") by simpler mechanism.It is quite conceivable thatsome Litobionts may be smallerthan some of the largest molecules.Not needing such largeand complex molecules, themass of the Litobiont may evenbe smaller than that of somesuch molecules.The duality characteristic ofall matter leads, however, to anarrangement of the parts inLitobionts such that we can onlythink of them at present largelyin term.s of what we know ofcell physiology and mechanics:simply because knowledge progressesfrom the known to theunknown. Our knowledge ofcells must be one of the mainsources of our Litobiont concepts.We may at least suspectthe existence of organisms orquasi-organisms simpler thanLitobionts.(Continued on Page 10)ATTENTION TENNISFANS!Beach Courts Ready For PlayThe work of re-foundationingand re-surfacing the threebeach courts of the M. B. L.Tennis Club has finally beencompleted, and by the time thisnotice appears it is fully expectedthat the lines will be laidand that the courts will be completelyready for use.At considerable expense to theTennis Club the beach courts,which have always lacked satisfactorydrainage, have beenraised six inches, complete tiledrainage has been installed anda new playing surface applied.As a result, these courts presentat all times a dryness of surfacethat is in marked contrastto their former hygroscopicity.However, until the courts canreceive the hardening effect ofacouple of days of enthusiasticsunlight, which at present seemsalmost too much ever to hopefor, members are requested torefrain from play followingheavy rains when the new andsoft surface might easily be impaired.

i counts'jijIII."THE STORY OF WOODS HOLE"(Continued)Dr. Edwin Grai-it ConklinProfessor of Zoology, PrinceLon UniversitySOME RECOLLECTIONS OF TKE FIRST SUMMER ATWOODS HOLE, 1BS3By Cornelia ClappProfessor Emeritus of Zoology, Mount Hoiyoke CollegeI am asked to recall the eventsand to record some of the impressionsreceived during thefirst session of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory at WoodsHole, Massachusetts in 1888.I had seen the circular announcingthe opening of the Laboratory.I v.'as sure that Iwanted to see what it was likeand to enjoy the advantages ofstudy at the seashore. My memoriesof the Penikese School towhich I went in 1874 quickenedmy desires and the name of Dr.C. 0. Whitman as director addedto my interest since he alsoPenikesian.was aThus it was that I arrived atWoods Hole July 10, 1888. Imade my way to the buildingwhich was to be the laboratory.It was still unfinished. Carpenterswere at work making tables,putting up shelves, and doingother necessary last things beforeit could be occupied forwork.The first man I met was Mr.Bowles, one of the carpenters.From him and from Mr. VanVleck, a fellow Penikesian whomI met on the street, I learnedthat Dr. Whitman had not arrived; that he was delayed byillness in his family; that thefor Woods Hole people tookequipment for the building wasstill on the road, probably sidetrackedsomewhere; that itmight be some time "before thelaboratory was opened; that noarrangements had been madefor boarding, and that I mustlook out for myself.So the search for a boardingplacebegan. It proved fruitless,no boarders. Fortunately somedid take lodgers and there wasan eating place at the railroadstation. The eating room provedto be a dark, dingy hole wheretwo or three men, who wereworking at the Fish Commission,took their meals, and thereI took m.y first meals. I found aroom temporarily at Mrs.Hatch's house across the railroadbridge, and about this timeI heard of a Miss Harris, a studentfrom Wellesley, who hadbeen at Woods Hole and was expectedto return in a day or two.A littlelater Miss Harris and Itook rooms at Mrs. Samson's andmeals at the railroad stationwhich we gladly left whengardener's cottage at the headof Little Harbor was opened.This cottage was placed at thedisposal of the Laboratory byMr. Fay. The Marine BiologicalLaboratory workers tooktheir meals there. Dr. Gardinersat at the head of the table andcften entertained us with ac-of his life in Leipzig.This was the "Mess", so-calledfrom the first ; the name originatedwith Dr. Gardiner. Ihave vei-y pleasant memories ofthe table talk and of the associationsthere. Later I had a roomin the cottage for some tim.e.The laboratory building wasbecoming more usable every day.It was set down among bouldersand the area across the streetwas strewn with rocks of allsizes through which we made ourwinding way to the main streetnear the Stone Building. Theway was plain enough by daybut it was sometimes a little intricateand interesting when theshades of evening had fallen.The great lack was the absenceof the equipment. Nowthe Marine Biological Laboratorywas an outgrowth of AnnisquamLaboratory, which,through the kindness of ProfessorHyatt, had been maintainedby the Woman's EducationAssociation of Boston from1880 to 188G. This Associationbecame the instigator of themovement to found a permanentbiological station at Woods Hole.The women trustees were thosewho had been active in the projectof a marine laboratory forteachers; one of these. MissFlorence Gushing, was prominentand in many ways eflScient.Thus Woods Hole inherited someequipment from Annisquam butnot much.I very distinctly recollect theday when the delated freightcar bi-ought our longed-forenuipment. Dr. Whitman, Dr.Minot, and I, with the assistanceof Dr. William Patton of theFish Commission, unpackedboxes and barrels of glasswareand instruments. It was late'n the evening when the lastbarrel was opened and its contentschecked. Then from ourarduous labors we repaired toTommy Howes' ice cream parlorwhich was just closing for thenight and regaled ourselves withice cream and sherbet.The Fish Commission was agreat advantage to the Laboratoi-y;how great one who wasnot present that first summercan hardlv realize. The Laboratoryhad no boats, no nets orother apparatus required forfurnishing material for studybut the Fish Commission hadTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE THREEand we enjoyed the benefitsthereof. The Fish Commissionsupplied the seawater for theaquaria. Well do I rememberthe Fish Hawk and Captain Col-'ins, the skipper of the schoonerGrampus.The men from the Fish Commissionused to come over eveningsto visit the new laboratoryand perhaps to consult ourbooks, for we had in the cornerof the upstairs laboratory a fewshelves containing the nucleusof our present library. Thisconsisted of some books givenby Mrs. Glendower Evans, thesister Iof Dr. Gardener. Mrs.Evans gave these books as amemorial of her deceased hus-jband and they still bear the Imemorial book plate which sheprepared. And Dr. Minot, I'remember, was much interestedin the cataloguing and arrangingof these books.That first year there wasneither Wilson, nor Morgan, inor Lillie, nor Conklin; theyjcame later.At the Fish Commission wereDr. Watase, Dr. Ryder, and ProfessorPatton.jAt the Marine Biological Laboratoryin the Department ofInvestigation were: IThe B N AArranged as an Outline ofDr. E. G. Gardiner, MassachusclIsInstitute of Technology,M:ss O'Grady, Bryn Mawr,Miss C. M.. Clapp, Mount Holyoke,E. 0. Jordan, Massachusetts Instituteof Technology,Miss Helen Torrey Harris, Wellesley,Miss Isabel Mulford (Botany).Vassar,Mr. Washburn, U. of Michigan.In the Department of Instructionwere:Charles Atwell, Evanston, Illinoia,.Tamos Norton, Ravenswood, Illinois,John G. Owen, Bridgeton, N. J.Spencer Trotter, M. D.,more College, Pa.,Swarth-Susan J. Hart, Jackson, Mich.,C. Walden, Fort Worth, Texas,Jennie Waldo, Rockford, Illinois,Caroline Woodman, Lewiston,Maine.That is, there were seven investigatorsand eight students.It is interesting to note hoAVmany difl^erent parts of theUnited States were represented.Maine sent one student, Texasone, Illinois three, Michigan one,Pennsylvania one. New Jersey(Continued on Page 10)Regional and Systematic AnatomyA Contribution to the Science and Teaching of AnatomyBYVictor E. EmmelProfessor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of IllinoisLaboratory Guest at The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and BiologyREVISED SECOND EDITIONThe Basle Aniatomical Nomenclature (the B N A) has been preeminentlysuccessful in the elimination of approximately 45,000 unnecessarysynonjmis for the macroscopic structures of the humanbody, and has consequently become an international anatomiclanguage.This list of seme 5000 terms, intended for common use in the medical'schoois, was arranged on the basis of systematic human anatomy.It appears obvious, however, that, from the standpoiimt of practicalanatomy, .a regional arrangement of these terms in conjunction withtheir f.ystematic tabulation would greatly increase the usefulness ofthe B N A.With this objective in mind, the present systematic B N A has beenexpanded to include a correlated regional arrangement nf anatomicalterms—an arrangement based upon^the sequence in which the structuresindicated by these terms may be exposed and demonstra/ted tothe naked eye m actual dissection—^thus securing a direct associationof the term with the visualization of the structure to which it refers.Although a minimum encroachment upon individual initiative isevaluated as a dominant objective to be sought, concise statementsare given for the m.ore difficult incisions and dissections involved inthe demonstration of the structures listed. The order in which theregions are dealt with is based upon a sequence which facilitatesobservation of those structural relationships of greatest practicalsignificance. The work consequently contitutes a basis for a directcorrelation of anatomical terminology and structure in the practical.study of the cadaver and presents a resume of regional and systematicanatomy for anatomical and clinical reference.This book of about 250 pages, illustrated with twelve plates andfigures in delineation of surface anatomy and surface projections ofthe skeleton, will be ready September 15, 1927. Price, S3.50, boundm cloth.ADDRESSTHE WISTAR INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY AND BIOLOGYThirty-sixth Street and Woodland Avenue : : : : Philadelphia, Pa.

::PAGE FOUR THE COLLECTING NET"The ChemicalRoom"Its Past and PresentI)r. Olivir S. !S(ronBProfussor of Xcurolujjy and Neuroilistiilogy,Oolli't'C (it I'hjsieiaiis i:ncl•Sur^^cous, C(»!uinl)ia t'nivt'rsit.v.Tills is the last iiistallmout ofDr. StroiiK's artii/li" on Ihu Uevoloyniratof thv Chemical Uiioni.The system pursued in the distributionof supplies to investigatorsand classes is as followseach investigator and class isprovided with an order book, asmall book of about six by threeand a half inches (known commerciallyas a pass book, dollarsand cents, 40 lines) on thecover of which is the name ofthe investigator or class andalso the building and the numberof the room occupied. Inthis book the investigator, or inthe case of a class the instructor,writes a list of the suppliesneeded stating definitely number,sizes, quantities, formulaeif necessary etc. with the date.This may either be hung on thedoorknob on the outside of thedoor of the investigator's room,whence it is collected daily, orit may be handed in at theChemical Room counter. Shortorders are filled immediatelywhen possible and the orderbook either returned to a rackon the wall just outside theChemical Room near the counteror taken back to the investigator'sroom. The rack in questionconsists of a number ofslots with each slot numberedbelow according to the buildingand the number of the room. Inthe case of longer orders whichcan not be filled immediately,when filled they are deliveredto the investigator's room by ajanitor and the order book iseither returned with the orderto the investigator's room or replacedm Ihe rack according tothe investigator's wishes Asmentioned before thi ssy.stemwas introduced when the ChemicalRoom was still located in thebasement of the Old Main Building.One advantage of thissystem is that it enables the investigatoron his retrun eachsuccessive season to utilize theitems entered in his order bookon previous seasons as memorandafor the order he is makingout. When the investigator'ssupplies are returned tothe Chemical Room at the endof the season the articles arechecked off in the order book beforebeing returned to their properplaces. The writer wouldlike to mention, apparently quitecasually but really quite feeling-,ly, that investigators are prayerfulhjrequested to clea,n theirplnssware and see that everythingis in order before theirsupplies are returned to theChemical Room. At the close ofthe season the order books arefiled away in alphabetical order,accoi'ding to the names of theinvestigators. At the beginningof each season the investigatorreceives his pre\'ious order bookor if he is a newcomer a neworder book is made out with hisname, building and room number.A number of books withthe building stamped upon themare already on hand to minimizethe amount of this clerical workoccurring during a rush period.When each book is given outthe name of the investigator isentered on a printed list ofbuildings and room numbersprovided for this purpose andconversely his building androom number is added on a listof expected investigators furnishedby the Business Office.This list is typed with intervalsafter each initialletter so as toprovide for additional names inapproximately their properplaces. The various buildingsare indicated by initials and areas follows: Brick Building B. B.,Old Main Building 0. M. B.,Piockefeller Building (the smallwooden building formerly usedbv Jacques Loeb) Rock. B.,Botany Building Bot. B., andOld Lecture Hall Building 0. L.H. B.There are naturally a numberof details and complications inthe management of the ChemicalRoom which can not be goneinto here. There may be mentionedhowever the General LoanBook, alphabetically indexed inwhich are entered in the properplaces the articles which aregiven out only for a short time,so that they can be located whenneeded if not returned immediately.The most hopeless articleof this kind is of course the hammer.There may also be mentionedthe necessity for a NarcoticBook, the law requiringsigned orders for the distributionof certain drugs comingunder this head. During the waranother somewhat similar bookhad to be kept for explosivesand certain ingredients for thesame.When the Chemist looks backover the history of the ChemicalRoom it seems as though theprocess of development, as faras his own activity is concerned,consisted in a successive sloughingoff of various duties, theirplace being partially taken bynew more general responsibilitiesarising out of the increasingsize and differentiation offiinction of the Chemical Room.This process is a familiar oneknown as the taking up of "executivework". While there isconsiderable truth in the saying,quoted sometime ago by a famouscollege president in one ofhis reports, that successful executivework consists in doingwell what might just as wellnot to be done at all, there doesseem to be a necessity for a certaincontinuity of office on thepart of someone to attend tosome of the more general functionsmentioned earlier in thisarticle. This together with acertain sentimental attitude onthe part of the Chemist an'' .-certain easy-going tolerance onthe pai-t of the Director probablyaccounts for the long incumbencyof the writer. In thi.ssloughing-off process, what ispractically a new official positionhas risen more and more inprominence and importance.This is the position previouslydesignated the "P e r s o n inCharge" during the absence ofthe Chemist. The initial impulseto this increased importancewas due to the enforcedabsence of the Chemist duringthe session of the summer schoolof Columbia University when hebegan teaching in it some dozenyears ago. A much more importantcause, however, is the increasingimportance of a realchemist in the Chemical Roomactivities. Among these "Personsin Charge" two names perhapsstand out especially. Theyare Thomas B. Grave 1920-1925,and Mr. William A. Wolff, thepresent person in charge. TheMarine Biological Laboratoryisgreatly indebted to their conscientiouswork, their great interestin the Chemical Roomand especially their great developmentof its chemical activitiesand usefulness in this line.Providing certain very generallyuseful standardized reagentsmay be mentioned as a concreteexample. It must however besaid in general that the ChemicalRoom has been very fortunatein always securing theservices of a staff of assistantswho have been competent andconscientious in their work. Therecords of the Chemical Roomstaffs previous to 1915 are notavailable but the following arethe staffs beginning with thatyear: 1915: W. E. Hoy, HarleyGould, Carl R.. Moore, HumphreySugrue. 1916: W. E. Hoy,Carl R. Moore, E. E. McMorland;1917: Harley Gould, I. J.Davies, Hoyt S Hopkins, ErnestMahr, Howard Morgan; 1918:I. J. Davies, J. E. Kindred, HowardMorgan; 1919: J. E. Kindred,M. M. Richter, C. C.Speidel : 1920 : Thomas B. Grave,Hope Hibbard, J. Burish; 1921:•Thomas B. Grave, Hope Hibbard,M. M. Richter; 1922:Thomas B. Grave. Hope Hibbard,G. R. Tracy, Lucile Moore1923: Thomas B. Grave, HopeHibbard, J. B. Lackey, OlgaOsterhout; 1924: Thomas B.Grave, Hope Hibbard, OlgaOsterhout, Lucile M. Burns,SCHOOL ANDSOCIETYA weekly journal coveringthe field of education in relationto the problems of Americandemocracy. Its objects arethe advancement of educationas a science and the adjustmentof our lower and higherschools to the needs of modernlife. Eacii number ordinarilycontains articles and addressesof some length, shorter contributions,discussion and correspondence,reviews and abstracts,reports and quotations,proceeding's of societies and adepartment of educationalnotes and news.Annual Subscription $5.00;single copies 15 cents.SCIENCEA weekly journal, establishedin 1883, devoted to theadvancement of the natural andexact sciences, the official organof the American Associationfor the Advancement ofScience. For thirty yearsSCIENCE has been conductedby its present editor, and isnow generally regarded as theprofessional journal of Americanmen of science.Annual Subscription $6.00;single copies 15 cents.THE AMERICANNATURALISTA bi-monthly journal establishedin 1867, devoted to thebiological sciences, with specialreference to the factors ofoi'ganicevolution.Annual Subscription $5.00;single copies $1.00.AMERICAN MENOF SCIENCEA. Biographical DirectoryA fourth edition of this bookis now in preparation. Thereare only left about fifty copiesof the third edition which is aninvaluable work of referencefor libraries and for all havingrelations with scientific men.The first and second editionswere sold out before a newedition was printed. There aremany who need the third editionand should order it now.Price: Ten Dollars, net,postage paid.THE SCIENCEPRESSGrand Central TerminalNew York, N. Y.

:IcertainII uponIbut! to'ence,—THE COLLECTING NET PAGE FIVE'Tiie Cl).ei-ii;cal Room"(Cor.tiiiued from Page 4)Mary Dunlap, Mary Closson,Burridge Jennings; 1925Thomas B. Grave, Anna Dunlap,Joseph Hale, Mrs. Harnly,Marion Maclean, William A.Wolff; 1926: William A. Wolff,Anna Dunlap, Joseph Hale,Mary Ballard, Dorothea Haas,Pauline Holbert, B. M. Duggar,Burridge Jennings, Louise Mast.1927: William A. Wolff, JosephB. Hale. Dorothea Haas, PaulineHolbert, Elsa M. Keil, EvelynH. Mekeel, Constance R. Leavitt,Oscar W. Richards, BettySpivack, Averill Zimmerman,Louise R. Mast. In this list theperson in charge for each yearis mentioned first. Those namedlast are in some cases juniormembers of the staff, by whichis meant younger members whohave not as yet entered college.With the inci-easing size andmultiplicity of activities of thestaff a certain amount of differentiationof its duties has becomenecessary. Accordinglycertain members who are bestqualified by training attend especiallythe strictly chemicalduties, such as, making up solutions,etc., others may go overthe stock and check up the catalogueentries; others may keepespecial eye on the stills, usedcontinuously in making distilledwater. All of the staff maybe thrown occasionally intoactive service, in rush periods,at the counter, and filling thelonger orders which on accountof their length connot be distributeduntil the following day.The duties of the person incharge, as already mentioned,consist in genei-al supervisionof the chemical room and makingup all orders. The writerfeels that in closing an articleof this kind mention should bemade of certain persons not inthe Chemical Room who havenevertheless been of great assistanceto it. First and foremostshould of course be mentionedDr. Frank R. Lillie, the thirdof-a-centuryfriend of thewriter, whose kindly helpfulness,suggestions, and ready acquiescencein various ChemicalRoom plans has been a constantsource of strength to this departmentThe same characteristicseems to distinguish hisrecent successor as Director.Next should be mentioned Dr.Oilman A. Drew to whose giftfor successful and practicalplanning many of the finestphysical details of the ChemicalRoom are due. Another personwhose well-known skill and ingenuityhas contributed manyimportant furnishings to theChemical Room is Mr. HerbertHilton. However carefully adetail or furnishing beplanned by the person wantingit, Mr. Hilton can be dependedto improve that plan. Aperson the nature whose workperhaps makes it less noticednot less important is Mr.Arthur H. Bisco who possessesan exceptional degree patiattentionto detail, an instinctfor system and in generala highly intelligent and skillfulexecution of many plans for thearrangement of supplies in theChemical Room elaborated bythe Chemist in conjunction withhim. It we pass to another departmentwe cannot refrainfrom mentioning the genial andgenei'ously obliging BusinessManager. Mr. F. M. MacNaught.ably assisted foy Miss PollyCrowell, otherwise known as"the Boss". In fact the wholestaff of the Business Officeshould be included. The factshould also be mentioned thatmany of the investigators andteaching staff of the Laboratoryhave on innum.erable occasionshelped the Chemical Room bytheir suggestions and assistancein other ways. It is perhapsinvidious to single out namesbut perhaps, confining ourselvesto the older investigators, thereshould at least be mentioned Dr.A. P. Matthews, Dr. Walter E.Carrey, and Dr. H. C. Bradley.Finally there should be mentionedthat tower of strength, bothin his expert knowledge andwillingness to help, our confrereDr. S. E. Pond.When it is remembered thatthe Chemical Room supplies anddistributes material not only forseveral classes of quite differentcharacter from each other butalso for well over two hundredinvestigators working in verymany varied lines of researchit is evident that the problemspresented are quite unique.There is more analogly to theproblems presented by the suppliesfor a whole universityrather than for any single Universitydepartment. As far asthe writer is aware these problemshave, in the main, beensuccessfully met. It might alsohe delicately intimated, when itis remembered that some investigators,_e.speeially perhapsthose in their earlier careers, donot welcome suggestions, thatdiplomacy and tact is a verydesirable quality in the membersof the Chemical Room staff. TheM. B. L. obviously cannot providea series of laboratorieseach equipped on a scale equalto that seen in eacTi universityrepresented at the laboratoryand it is earnestly hoped thatany suggestions made by membersof the Chemical Room staffwill not be received as thoughreflecting upon the ability orexperience of the investigator.Fcbom—Entomology3rd EditionWith Special Reference to Ecological Aspects5 Plates and 303 Text liluitratior.o. Clcth, $4.00By J. W. FoLSo.\l, Sc. D. (Harvard), Asr,htant Pro/estor ofEulomologn, University of IllinoisA comprehensive but concise account of insects for use either asa tex^ cr as a guid2 to perioral observation. This edition has beenextensively revised and a new chapter on Insect Ecology is givun Avaluable ibiiMiography has been added.Galloway Zoology4th EditionA Textbook for Universities, Colleges, Normal Schools255 Illustrations. C'oth, $2.73By T. W. Galloway, Ph. D., Revised by P. S. Welch, Ph. D.,Asr.ociate Professor of Zooloyij, University of MichiganThis te.xt inspires a vital interest in animals; an appreciation ofthe human values oi animals; ability to use the library, the field, andthe laboratory in individual pursuit of these interests.LochLead—Economic EritoraologyA Class book. 257 Illustrations. Cloth, $2.75By William Lochheab, B. A., M. S., Emeritus Professor of Biology(Quebec)The book presents euCh materia! as will best help the student inacquiring' -a fair •working knowledge of the modern science in economicentomology. It discusses the structure, growth and economics ofinsects; the identification of insects; injuries to farm, garden andorchard crops; classification and description; control of injuriousinsects.Reese—Economic Zoology2nd Edition194 Illustrations. Cloth, $2.50By Albert M. Reese, Ph. D., Professor of Zoology,West Virginia UniversityThis te.xt makes the economic aspects of the subject the main pointof attack with morphology habits, etc., secondary.Pratt—Manuel of Land and FreshWater Vertebrate Animals184 Illustrations. Cloth, $6.00By Henry Sherring Pratt, Professor of Biology,Haverford College, Pen.n.This manual furnishes diagnostic descriptions of the Land andIn-esh Water Vertebrate Animals of the U. S. together with analyticalkeys by which they can be readily identified and their affinitiesdetermined. The region covered is the whole of the U. S. betweenthe Canadian and Mexican borders. Birds are excluded.P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO.Publishers 1012 Walnut Street PhiladelphiaCataloguesOn RequestSINCE 18S2MAKERS OFMicroscopes and AccessoriesMicrotomesProjection ApparatusPhoto.-nicrographic CamerasField GlassesBotanical ApparatusPhotographic LensesCentrifugesHaemocytometersSpectrometersRefractometersColorimetersOther Optical ProductsBausch & Lomb Optical Co.Main Office and Factory: Rochester, N. Y.New York: Park and 42nd Sts. Chicago: 5 No. Wabash Ave.Bo-.tcn: 333 Washington St. San Francisco: 28 Geary St.

:—;;—;;;:;PAGE SIX THE COLLECTING NETThe Coiiecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory and of Woods Hole ingeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSRobert Chambers, Prof, of Anatomy,Cornell University Medical School.Edwin J. Conklin, Prof, of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of Zoology,Yale University.EDITORIAL STAFFWare Cattell EditorDorothy Alexander Asst. EditorHugh Montgomery Art EditorMrs. L. V. Heilbrunn. .General NewsHelen S. Morris General NewsContributing EditorsJack FoggSport NewsWard I. Gregg Jelly FishMary HardestyEmbryologyT. G. Adams Cilia and CiliaAnonymousOur BaciaBusiness StaffKatharine Underwood. .. .Bus. Man.Use MichaelisAsst. Bus. Man.(Application for entry a.-; second-classviaticr is pcndiny.)The Universal PressNew BedfordWoods HoleMassachusettsThe ScholarshipFundWe have been so busy that wehave scarcely had time to givethought to our ScholarshipFund. The lowest amount to beReceipts from the saleof copies $139.00Receipts from Advertising333.00Total receipts $472.00Cost of printing andpaper $451.00This leaves a balance of $21.00on the desired side of the ledger.Miscellaneous expenseshave amounted to $136.00. Thelarger items in this sum aretyping, ^15.00; preparing ofthe Carpenter shop. $17.00, andpostage, $69.10. This amountcan be divided equally betweenthe eight numbers issued duringthe season. The sum of $51.00must then be added to our expensesfor the past three weeks.This leaves a deficit of only$30.00.With these figures we are wellsatisfied. The average receiptsfrom the sale of copies will notbe lowered in August, and thosefrom advertising will be greater.We shallhave a sum of moneyat the end of the year to turnover to the C. N. ScholarshipFund. Of this fact there cannow be no doubt.DIRECTORYADDITIONSADDENDAWarren, H. C. prof, of psychology.Princeton. Br. oO.t.To the Collecting Net:raised was set at 8200.00, but,frankly, in naming this modestsum we realize that we are pro-It was my privilege and pleasureto attend the recent EighthAnnual Meeting of the AmericanFederation of Organizationsfor the Hard of Hearing. Thisbably over-cautious. Almost federation is composed of overquarter of this amount has thirty-one constituent bodiesone -,- -already been given, and withoutthe expending of any time oreffort on our part.There are many reasons whyone might contribute to a fundThesuch as the one in question.oustanding reasons are:(1) The lending of assistanceto a deserving, but financiallyembarrassed student.(2) The forwarding of biologicalresearch and the objectsof the Marine Biological Laboratory.Any expense involved in raisingthe money will be taken careof by The Collecting Net. Thusevery cent contributed will beused to help one of our deservingstudents. Checks should bemade payable to "C. N. ScholarshipFund".IntrospectionAt this time we are able togive approxirnate figures for theexpenses and receipts of TheCollecting Net for the first threenumbers.throughout the country, and itspurpose is the prevention ofdeafness, the conservation ofhearing, and the rehabitilationof the deafened. This work isbeing carried on with cooperationof the U. S. Bureau ofStandards, the Am. Med. Asso.,and the writer understands, theNational Research Council; theconstituent bodies cooperatingwith their local school boardsand medical men. Among itsofficers are Dr. Wendell C.Phillips, N. Y. C; Dr. HoraceNewhart, Univ. of Minn. ; Dr.Gordan Berry, Worcester,Mass.; Harvey Fletcher, Ph. D.,Western Electric Co., and manyother well known men of medicineand science. Among itsmany activities are: hearingtests for the school, and preschoolchildren, the teaching oflip-reading through the publicschools and its own organizations,social activities, scholar-.ships for the deafened, and economicand social surveys..Tulien P. Scott, Pre.sidpnt.St. Louis Loao-ue for the Hard ofHearing.ALGAEThe weather man has beenvery unkind to the botanists onscheduled field trips this summer,but on Thursday July 21members of the Botany departmentand the class in algae spenta very fine day at Gay Head.Quite a few new and interestingspecimens were found by theObservations were madeclass.on the rather strange-coloredclay deposits along the coast,and many climbed to the top ofthe clay cliffs and enjoyed lobstersandwiches from this pointof vantage. Pottery made bythe Indians living there wasadmired and bought. These allday trips add spice to the algaecourse, and we only wish we hadtime for more of them.Members of the Botany departmentand students werehosts at a tea given at the M. B.L. Club on Friday July 22.ORTHOGENESIS(Tune:— "The Wearing of the Green")Oh, what is this we hear today about the chromosomes —That we must throw them all away and junk our microtomes;That the pigeons in the dove-ootes tell us how we came to be,Although the chromosomists rave, and all their coterie.Thus no meaning should be given to the forms of X and Y,And Drosophila with all its genes is but a common flyFor changes metabolic are the cause of that and this,And the Universe was brought about by OR-THO-GEN-E-SIS.The epidermic markings placed upon the palm and sole,Reveal an inner factor that is given the control.And the hypothenar patterns shown by him and her and meAre most beautifully graded, showing continuity.When the facts are plainly written on the little-finger pads.And the mai-kings of your thenar bear a likeness to your dad'sWe must come to a conclusion very similar to thisThat the Universe was brought about by OR-THO-GEN-E-SIS.Thus in spite of hematoxylin once shed by you and me,We will gather up our paraffin and pitch it in the seaWe will analyze a pigeon's egg and print our hands and feet,And even pawn our miscroscopes to make the work complete.We will study rows of beetles showing slight degrees of changeWe will view them through a spectroscope to get their colorrange.For with the New Biology we arrive at only thisThat the Universe was brought about by OR-THO-GEN-E-SIS.—H. H. Wilder.It'sSWEET MARIEa question in my mind, sweet Marie,sweet MarieWhat in annelids you find,Can you number and confirm all the segments of a worm?Do you know the mesoderm, sweet Marie?—ChorusSweet Marie—sweet MarieTell me what without the lens you can seeDo you think you'd better tryWith your own unaided eyeTo distinguish nuclei, sweet Marie?Take the carmine from the shelf, sweet MarieThink to put it back yourself, sweet MarieTake a little frog or fish, put it in a stender dish.Fix it any way you wish, sweet Marie. ChorusKaryokinetic shapes, sweet Marie,In the anthropoidal apes strange would be;Take a bit of onion-tip, or a piece or lily-slip,Or a salamander's lip, sweet Marie.—ChorusSweet Marie—sweet MarieTell me what without the lens you can see;You can count the chromosomesAnd the archoplasmic zones;They're more stylish now than bones, sweet Marie.—

—!!:—•sorREWARD!A free subscription to The,Collecting Net will be given tothe person furnishing informationleading to the identificationWe learn that a young manvery nicely dressed in white occasion grave fears were feltcame down, to the Supply DepartmentDock whistling as he would be permanently anchoredthat one member of the partywalked. He climbed into the to the roof. It is said that thelittle white boat that was moored Laboratory would be held responsiblein cases of tarring andthere, and proceeded to carefullybail out the every last dropso that both he and the fairfeathering.young damsel who was to accompanyhim could keep their 50 Laboratory workers assem-Last Sunday a group of overtwo pairs of handsome shoes bled on the upstairs porch of thefrom becoming moist. But, alas,M. B. L. Club for the third singingof the season. The incidentthis chap was in a mood of carefreecarelessness and hummedas he bailed. "And before I that caused the most amusementkhev/ it" we were told confident-occurred not long after thegroup assembled. While theyially, "there was a great splashand then just a head a-bobbin'up and down."Searching inquiries have revealedlittle more than the factthat when the saddened and bedraggledform shamefacedlycrawled out of the Eel Pond hedid not present as neat an appearanceas before be made hisignominious plunge.There are obvious reasons forthis person to conceal his identity; but there are equally obviousreasons why we must know it.We want to send out our bestreporter to interview him. Cannot some one help us?A PARADOXBy heck! but them biologists,They sure are most queer.They poke about the pools forscum,And use thestrangest gear.A dozen different kinds of'scopes,Electric ovens, tooT wonder how they eat the messAfter it's cooked—don't you?I hern one of them dumbbellstalk.And lafl'ed until I criedHe says that when germs viultiplyThe goll-darned things divide.Their heads are swelled withcalculusAnd words that make you sick,But this poor fish what I hern^talkDon't knew arithmeticpH. D.THE LEATHER SHOPFalmouth, Mass.ARTHUR C.EA.STMANSUNDAY SINGINGThe group singing Sundayevening, July 17, which tookplace on the roof of the BrickBuilding was a very pleasantafi'air. The crowd was small, butof the individual who lost thecreases of his white trousers on enthusiastic. More pebbles werethe night of July 27. They were scattered over the peanut galery,left in the Eel Pondso that no further catastropheswill occur, since on the previouswere singing, two or three latecomers entered themselves to thealready loaded porch swing. Tothe horror of those on it and tothe amusement of the rest, thechains suspending the swingsuddenly snapped and the groupdescended to the floor. For thenext several minutes there wasmuch more laughing than singing.THEC. F. WINGCO.NEW BEDFORD, MASS"Finger Bowls"We have supplied:Marine Biological Laboratory,Woods Hole,Oibcrne Zoological Laboratory,YaleThe Universities of Cincinnati,Pittsburg and John=HopkinsWa will ship anywhere in theworld.Mail orders filled.THE C. F. WING CO.730 PURCHASE ST.New Bedford, Mass.THE COLLECTING NET PAGE SEVENElizabeth Beetoe, also a gradateof Oberlin and now an"invertebrate" will foe a technicalassistant in the departmentof anatomy at Wesitern ReserveUniversity Medical School.DR. H. A. WHITEDENTISTMain St. Opposite Post OfficeTel. i)07-2 Falmouth, Mass.Saunders' Books(SEE EXHIBIT IN MAIN BUILDING)New Bacteriology—by FordI'.y \Villi;im W, Furd, .M. D., Trofessorot liactfi-ioIoK.v, .ScIkmiI of Hy-•Swne and Puhlic Hi'iilth. JohnsHoIiUIns University. Octavo of 10(i»pa;^vs, illustrated. Clotli, $8.30 net.Physiology—by HowellIly William It. Unwell, I'll. D., M.!>., I'rofessor of Physiology in the.1 o h n s Hopkins University, Baltinioi-e.Octavo of lOfla pages, containing:SOS illustrations, many in colors.Ninth edition. Cloth, .fi!..'iO net.Human Physiology—by StilesBy Percy Goldlhwait Stiles, AssistantProfessor of Physiology atHarvard University. 12mo of 433li.iffes, illustrated. Fourth edition.rioih, $2.25 net.Conservation of NervousSystem—by StilesBy Percy Goldthwait Stiles, AssistantProfessor of Physiology at HarvardUniversity. 12mo of 272 pages,illustrated. Third Edition. Cloth,.f2.2.-j net.Physical Chemistry—by McCIendon andMedesBy .T. P. McCIendon, Ph. D.. Professorof Physiologic Chemistry, andGrace Medes, Ph. D., Assistant Prof'S^orol' Physiological i 'lieinistry.University of Minnesota MedicalS

,PAGE EIGHT THE COLLECTING NET"Reminiscences o' the FishCommission'Dr. Edwin LintonHonorary Research Fellow in Zoololocju,University of Pcnni-.yivanw.I. Baird at Woods Hoie(Continued)As the memories of thosesummers which I spent at WoodsHole in the days of ProfessorBaird are made to pass m review,I am tempted to speak ofthose who dominated the foreground;of such personalities asProfessor A. E. Verrill, whobrought to the scientific woikof the Commission a profounaknowledge of the invertebrateSe of our coast, from SouthernNew England to Labrador,based on dredging operations,which began in I860, and continuedwithout interruption tothe days I am attempting to recall(It is a pleasure to be ableto report here that in a letter,dated January 25, 1923, andwritten in a firm hand, that, although84 years of age, he isstill working until midnight o.later, every day of the week) -,1of Professor Sidney I. Smith,himself a prodigy of industry inthose days, with his keen intellectand lovable character; olRichard Rathbun, with his habitsof close application to thework in hand, which habitsnever left him, and to whomthis magnificent building, mwhich we are now met, is in nosmall degree due; of John A.Ryder, a philosopher, whosephilosophy rested on the solidground of nature, into whosesecrets he was inquiring—tooearly taken, to the great loss ofscience; of Theodore Gill, who,awakened a sort of awed won-'der in the minds of us youngermen by the marvelous range andaccuracy of his memory; of G.Browne Goode, whose brilliantmind and honest eye attractedus to him, and upon whom wenaturally looked as the one bestfitted to continue the work ofProfessor Baird, when the timeshould come for him to pass onto other hands the torch whichhe himself had lighted. Ofthese and many others I wouldgladly speak, but I am admoni.shedthat my subject is "Bairdat Woods Hole." But even asthe persons whom I have named,and others with them, walk andtalk and act on the stage of mymemory, there is still the abidingconsciousness that _therewas a moving force, a quiet butpersistent directing agencypresent in it all, and that Wasthe mind of Professor Baird.In a sense, then, we who werethere and were endeavoring inour several ways to contribute;to the main purpose of all thisactivity, the laboratories inwhich we worked, the ships,whose range was in the watersalong the coast for many miles,and seaward to blue water, wereall but parts of the thoughtwhich Professor Baird had projectedinto the future, and weresimply taking places predestinedin that thought; much as Alicewas one of the things in the RedKing's dream, according to thephilosophy of her two amiableguides, in this case, however,the projector of the dream ofthe Fish Commission was notsleeping, and. if he dreamed, hedreamed his dream so well thatits realization, which was effectedin his day, has sufferedno more than temporary perturbationsince that day ended.In 1884 the Residence buildingwas completed and first occupied,by Professor Baird andfamily, his clerical force, andiimmediate scientific staff, earlyin August.In those days the Commissionwas extending its workthroughout the country, andthe executive labor entailed bythe various activities of fishhatcheries, distribution of fish,stocking of ponds and streams,was becoming .so exacting as tooccupy the greater part of theday. So it was that in these,which proved to be the closingyears of the Professor's life,histime was more and more occupiedwith the details of administration;to such a degree, infact, that one wonders how hesucceeded in keeping so well intouch with the scientific side ofthe work of the Commission ashe did.So far as I recall there wasno formal machinery visible inthe administration of the workof scientific investigation. TheProfessor was never too busy,that he could not find time toturn from his desk to advise,counsel, or encourage any onewho was engaged in scientificresearch who desired an interviewwith him. His wisdom ledhim to leave the initiative withthe investigator himself, although,now and then, he mightsuggest lines of research, which,to his mind, seemed to call forinvestigation. He held to thebelief that it was not best forthe beginner in zoology to becometoo early absorbed in anarrow problem; rather, hethought that the best foundationwas laid by the beginner'smaking himself an authority onsome natural group of animals.While holding to this view, hewas not in any sen.se dogmatic,-and ever kept an open mind,singularly free from prejudice.Amid all the distractions of administrativeduties the atmospherewhich surrounded himwas charged with the stimulatingenergy of scientific inquiry.rW C DAVIS-COMPANYHOME FURNISHERSFALMOUTH MASSHOME COOKED FOOD-THAT ISDIFFERENTBREAKFASTCantelope, orange or grapefruitChoice of cereal with creamEggs, bacon and ham cooked in any way you wishHot toast and usually hot rools or muffins.Dinner and supper are just as good. We serve m?at and desertwith each meal.Our bread, cakes and pi-£ are delicious.$10.00 a week—Spacial rates to M-B-L-itesK. & G. BAKERY AND LUNCH ROOMWoods Hoie, Mass.HOTPOINT ELECTRIC RANGESElectric heat is flameless, uniform in intensity,evenly distributed and easily regulated. Accurateheat control means that your favorite dish can bemade over and over again with uniformly successfulresults.Cost of cooking electrically is much less thangenerally supposed.CAPEFalmouthMVINEYARD ELECTRIC CO.Hyannis Chatham Oak BluffsThe Elizabeth TheatreFALMOUTH, MASS.HIGH CLASS PHOTOPLAYSShow Starts at 7.45 — Feature Picture at 8.30Short Reels Repeated After the Feature Picture.A COMPLETE SHOW AFTER 8.30Saturday Tv/o Shov/s at 7.00 and 9.00 O'clockMatinees Monday, Wednesday and Saturday at 2.30Monday August 1"FRISCO SALLY LEVY"withSALLY O'NEIL, KATE PRICE,AND ROY D'ARCYTuesday August 2"NAUGHTY BUT NICE"withCOLEEN MOOREWed. and Thurs Aug. 3-4Matinee Wednesday Only"THE KID BROTHER"withHAROLD LLOYDFriday August 5"THREE HOURS"withCORINNE GRIFFITHJ

THE COLLECTING NETPAGE NINEReminiscences of the FishCommission(Continued i'rom Page 8)As I recall the life at WoodsHole in the summers of 1882-1887, about the only recreationwhich Professor Baird seemedto allow himself was that whichwas derived from the relaxationwhich he found in keeping himselfacquainted with world affairs,and with current literature,not even wholly neglectingthe more evanescent contributions.His familiarity with currentliterature and world events,outside hisimmediate and multifariousscientific interests, waslargely due to the ministry ofhis wife, a woman of remarkableintelligence and humor, andof his talented and devoteddaughter. The easy and naturalconversation at table, and inthe evenings, after the wearying,and no doubt often tryinghours at his desk, which thes-3adoring companions contributedto his daily life, not only suppliedneeded recreation, butkept him in touch with theworld's best thought.As the increasing burdens ofadministrative work, which henever learned to shift to othershoulders, and which he broughtwith him into what should havebeen a vacation, began to tell onhim, one can understand the reliefhe must have found in followingthe adventures of LittleLord Faunteleroy, and his anxietyfor fear that some disastermight befall the author, beforethe story, which was running inSt. Nicholas, would be finished,and his relief, when he foundupon inquiry that the manuscriptof the complete story wasin the hands of the publishers.In the early days of the FishCommission scientific investigationwas even less understoodthan it is today, and it wasProfessor Baird's wish that visitorsto the laboratory shouldbe instructed in the importanceof gaining a knowledge of allconditions which in any wayaffect fishes. Although he didnot say it, I am inclined to suspectthat the thought was somewhereback in his mind that wemight now and then be entertainingcongressmen unawares.Indeed it was no unusual thingfor people of influence in publicaffairs to visit the laboratory.Visitors to the laboratory weremanv, and of great variety ofintelligence, if one were tograde them on the nature of the•ciuestions which were asked.was allQuestions as to what itabout, and why, were perennial.These proved to be so difficultto answer in a way that satisfiedvisitors of the sanity of theinvestigators, that, according toDr. Andrews, it was ProfessorVerrill, who, finding that hisattempts to enlighten his interlocutors,on one occasion wereunavailing, had an inspiration,and told his visitors that he waspaid for it. This was held to bea quite satisfactory answer. Ifthe curious visitors had beengiven the exact amounts of thepecuniary rewards of thosewhom they saw engaged in whatthey heard was calledscientificresearch, it may be that theywould sitill have had lingeringsuspicions of the lunacy of suchpeople.Sometimes the interest of visitorsmade itself felt in rathersurprising ways. According toDr. Andrews, it was at Newportthat Professor Sidney I. Smithcomplained that certain fairvisitors, who were watchinghim at work with his microscope,breathed down the backof his neck. And I myself waswitness to a similar incident inthe laboratory on Little Harbor,and heard J. H. Emerton, agentle bachelor, who lovedspiders, but was shy of women,wail a similar protest, as a livelyparty of chattering visitorswere going down the stairs. Ithink that the Professor li.stenedto_ accounts of such happeningswith almost as much interest ashe did to reports of the findingof new species.Visitors of celebrity, whocame to pay their respects toProfessor Baird, were not infrequent.I remember, on oneoccasion, the President of theUnited States was there overnight, was given an exhibitiontrip on the Fish Hawk, and theprocess of operating the beamNow wetrawl was shown him.younger assistants, coming aswe did from inland, knew nothingat first hand about Presidentsand their ways, or of theways of those who were accustomedto be about them. Whenwe were told that there was tobe a collecting trip in the morningwe reported for duty in ourusual unconventional attire. Bythe time the Fish Hawk wassteaming out into VineyardSound we made the discoverythat, officers and crew, andeverybody else on board, were,pnch nnd all dressed in honor ofthe Chief Executive, all bravelyfl^d. fw^ easy in their minds,except three voung men, whowere having all the disagreeablesopsations peculiar to thosewho dream of like unpleasantexnoriences. I remember yet,"uite vividlv, the appraisinglook which the Professor gaveus iust before, as it seemed tous.he decided not to present ustn President Arthur.A visit madp tn the laboratoryhv the wife of President CleveiRpd.devoid as it was of cere-T^nnv, made a pleasant impressionon us, and left a memory ofunaffected and intelligent interest,on the part of the visitor, inwhat was going on.There were other visitors,giants in their day, who did notowe their distinction to politicalsuccess; such as Professor E. D.Cope, S. Weir Mitchell, and Dr.warm friendsWilliam Osier, allof Professor Baird. It is apleasure to recall that these mentook the time to sit down by thetables of us young men, andshowed by their intelligent questions,and understanding comments,that their interest in ourattempts to find out aboutthings was genuine.Those of us who returned toWoods Hole in the summer of1887, were shocked to see thatin the months which had iiitervenedsince we had last seen theProfessor, the Great Destroyerhad been busy, and had almo.stcompleted his work. ThroughJuly and the first half of Augustwe were saddened by the dailysight of the once vigorousframe, now pitifully wasted, ashe was wheeled about in an invalid'schair by the faithfulGeorge Butler.In spite of his enfeebled conditionhe was still interested inwhat was going on. I rememberthat following a short conversationwith him in July, headvised that Vinal Edwardsand I should go to Nantucketfor certain material.Preprints first four ChaptersNear the end h; had Georgetake him about the groundswhich surround the Residencebuilding, for a last look, andthrough the various rooms ofthe laboratory, where he had akindly, and not uncheerful wordfor every one.Then, on the 19th day ofAugustt, 1887, at 3 :45 P. M., inthe Residence building of theU. S. Fish Commission, he died.To the prescribed church service,which was read by the rectorof the village church, wereadded the beatitudes which pronounceblessings on the peacemakers,and on those who arepure in heart.NOTES AND NEWSThe Gilchrist Potter prize, anOberlin award was made toMadeline Field, who is at presentengaged in research workat the Laboratory. Miss Fieldwill teach at Simmons Collegefor the first semester of thecoming year, and will follow itwith graduate work at HarvardMedical school during the secondsemester.Miss Madeline Field will beteaching at Simmons College forthe first semester of this yearand will then take up graduatework at the Harvard UniversityMedical School. Miss Fieldwas the recipient of the GilchristPotter prize at Oberlinthis year.CURTIS-GUTHRIE "ZOOLOGY" Availablefor Examination in LibraryBOOK READY LATE SUMMERA "Textbook of General Zoology," hy Drs. Winterton C Curtis andMary J. Guthrie of the University of Missouri, is now well throughthe press and will be ready for distribution the latter part of thesummer. Preprints of the first four chapters may now be seen inthe library of the Marine Biological Laboratory and a comiplete copyof the page proof will be available early in August. This will givethe many teachers interested in the book as a possible text, an opportunityto note the scope and method of treatment used by the authors.Orders for fall delivery are being received and it is suggestedthat those desiring to use the book send in their orders assoon as possible.This text book is based upon the conviction that General Zoologyis best taught by the "principles" method and that the way to dothis is by the intensive study of a limited number of animals, followedby demonstrations of the application of these principles.Thus, the frog is used to illustrate the structure and functions ofthe most complex form of animal body, the protozoa as animalsreduced to the lowest terms, and the hydra as a simple, many-celledorganism. The authors believe that this method is superior to the"phyla" method where each animal is considered primarily as arepresentative of the group to which it belongs while its generalbiological aspects are regarded as merely incidental.Laboratory Dirctions in Zoology, ($1.50) by the same authors, waspublished in 1925, and was designed to accompany this textbook.JOHN WILEY & SONS Inc.440 Fourth Avenue, New YorkPublishers

thej|7_'raiiits—PAGE TEN THE COLLECTING NET"What Limits Size'(Continued from Page 2)The speaker next outlined hisbio-equation by means of whichthere is obtained a mathematicalexpression of an organism orpart of an organism, an equationafter which, as he said, youcan write "Q. E. D." in the samesense that it is written after ademonstration in geometry. devoted toAs a great deal of mathematicsas is used in genetics wasmerely alluded to, inasmuch asthe Laboratory was opened Ithis particular matter is oftenhad to decide what work I shoulddiscussed nowadays, and it was, the instrument that has probablycontributed vastly more to should I enter as a student or asbegin. The question wastherefore, assumed to be familiarto all.an investigator. I think thethe advancement of mankindthan any other inventionNext a passage from theof rv^^r^'^^Q^YV-hitman in regardmodern tmies. A long study otspeaker's address given as theto the way to study really settledthe matter and I becameannual address before the Aus-antralasian Association for theAdvancement of Science, 1892,was repeated in order to picturegraphically the range offrequencies from to infinity,and this was followed by a discussionof the manner in whichthe mathematics of frequenciesis "invading" biology, the experimentsof Schneider andSperti and their colleagues beingcited as suggesting that the coincidenceof certain electronic frequenciesin the molecules of livingmatter with those of externalagents are not only of greatconsequence, but capable of mathematicalexpression. As themolecule has become amenableto mathematics, the degree ofmathematical exactness that bidsfair in time to dominate biologj'will be of that degree of exactnesscharacteristic of astronomy,since the ratios of thenumerical values in organic moleculesare of somewhat thesame order as those in astronomy.As a particular instance, abrief allusion was made to thespeaker's polariscopic investigationsof the very small birefringents existing in living cells.These bodies vary in size froma very few microns down to andbeyond the limitsof resolution.Undoubtedly in this region ofbiological research volumes, essentiallymathematical, will bewritten that will read like thepages of crystallography, dominatedby the mathematics of thelight-frequencies used to explorewhat we now call protoplasm.The speaker alluded to thegibe of an engineer that "biologistsknow about enough mathematicsto make change and thatis all", and himself suggested,using astronomy as a "measuringstick", that mathematicallyspeaking, biologists are perhapsnow about where the Chaldeanswere when they made their sur-,vey of the Heavens.The address at the opening ofLaboratory was given Julyi^^g^ ijy Dj-. Whitman theFinally, the speaker described Director. It may be found inbriefly the nature of the polari- jj^g Report to the Trustees fo)-copic apparatus he is using andhopes to devise for the study ofthe excessively minute birefringcntsexisting in living cells, andrcncluded with an earnest appealfor the devotion of a verylarge sum of money to the improvementof the microscope,stating his belief that nj moneyany conceivable hospitalor other similar philanthropicinstitution could possiblyapproach the service thatmight be rendered mankind byimprovement of the microscope,1888. Those present were: Mr.Van Vleck, a Penikesian, C. M.Clapp, a Penikesian, Dr. Minot,Prof. Sedgwick, Dr. Gardiner,Miss Gushing, Miss O'Grady, E.0. Jordan, Miss Harris, MissMulford, Mr. Washburn, Mr.Fay and a few other personsfrom the town.As soon as Iwas located andthe possibilities convinced himthat the microscope is still capableof great improvement andthat such improvement willmake possible the investigationof problem.s involving what appearto be the critical relationshipsbetween light and life, aregion of research at present'beyond reach mainly because ofthe limitations of the microscope.The use of the frequenciesnecessary for these investi--gations is, at present, probablyalmost within reach. "The possibilityof "stepping down" thehigher (super spectrum) frequencieswas alluded to as wellas the use of lower harmonicfrequencies.To seek development in thisdirection, i. e. improvement ofthe microscope, is shown to beone of the most logical of effortsby the fact that successwould amount to a further extensionof human eyesight, themost valuable to us of all ourphysical assets.The Story of Woods Hole(Continued from Page 3)one. One only came from NewEngland.The investigators came fromThe Institute of Technology 2.Rryn Mawr 1.Mount Holyoke 1.Wellesley 1.Vassar 1.University of Michigan 1.Professor Sedgwick and hiswife were staying at the hotelat Quisset Harbor and duringthe .summer Professor Sedgwickcame into the laboratory almostevery day. He was a trusteeand had been most influential instarting the Laboratory. I rememberthat he gave us a talkon the Sundew, a plant which hediscovered grew plentifully inthe region.investigator.The next question was. Whatsubject should I investigate. Therecently published work ofAllis en Amia, done at theAiiis' Laboratory, lead Whitmanto consider further study ofthat subject desirable. So herecommended that I take for mysubject of investigation TheLateral Line System of theToadfish (Batrachus tau.)This I did with the consent ofDr. Ryder, who had vv^orked onthis subject. This was the firstsubject given out at The MarineBiological Laboratory and Allis'first publication on Amia wasshown to me as a model for myown work on Batrachus tau.The Journal of Morphology wasa new thing in the LTnited Statesat that time for the publicationof original work.I can see Dr. Whitman sittingdown with us, showing us hov/to draw, telling us about thetechnique, making us feel thattime was no consideration; ourbusiness was only to see and toget the results. The thoroughlyscientific spirit which was evidentand the complete absenceof sensationalism was shownwhen he honestly told us thatwe should not waste our timewith lectures. I was introducedto his ideas of original workor research, to his methods ofwork, to the idea, that persistentand completely absorbed attentionto one subject will lepdto comprehension of much besidethat. This was a new ideato me. Serial section cuttingwas new. It opened up a newaspect of work along biologicallines.The atmosphere of that laboratorywas an inspiration; thedays were peaceful and quiet;there were no lectures nor anythingelse to distract the attentionfrom the work in hand.Dr. Geor3:e H, GreerteDENTIST(Klici'. Xrarlv OppiisiU' St. BiiriialisisMcniM.i:.! CluH-clLFALMOVTII, MASS.Hours: 1) A. .M. - 1^ M. :1-4 V. -M.iv,-i.l,..i,.. :;.-,SANSOUCiBARBER SHOPExpert BobbingWOODS HOLE, MASS.II;iril\v:ir':hh1 VaniislR'sCHARLES T. EASTMANFAL:i£OrTH. MASS.Pluino OrikTS Tromptly PflivorerlKitclu nTt'l. 407runiisliiiii^slili'iiwoodTHE SEA ROBINDirectly on the SoundUaiiffcsClub Breakfasts . . 30c upAlso Dinner, Tea, andSupperMRS. CRITTENDENAttractive WcekSy RatesTel. 667-3Beach Party?FRESH ROLLSBACONSAUSAGESTEAKS andCHOPSEVERYTHINGQUICK SERVICELOV/ PRICESMorrison'sVisitWoods Hole, Mass.MarketCape Cod's LargestDepartment StoreH. MALCHMAN& BRO.Thos. Malcliman, Prop.CLOTHIERS, HATTERSand FURNISHERSMain StreetTelephoneConnectionFalmouthROBINSON'SPHARMACYB. W. bris, Prop.R. W. Nickcrson, Reg. Phar.Falmoutth's OldestDrugstoreFirst-classDrugs and ImportedToilet ArticlesA Registered PharmacistAlways on Duty

THE COLLECTING NET PAGE ELEVENHistory Of Woods Holeis Theme Used By Artist(Continued from Page 1)and the wharf was made ofthirty foot poles corn-cobbed togetherin a square, dowelled inand filled with stones.The next canvas memory ofWoods Hole was around 1840on the site of the Penzance garage.A magnificent 400 tonwhaling vessel was built thereon the pier directly over thewater and when the ship wasready for sailing the owner ingeniouslyremoved part of thewharf and let the boat slide intothe water like a skiff. Thisevent which Mr. Giflford haspainted occurred about tenyears before he was born.In the pre-railroad days ofWoods Hole of 1845 Little Harborboasted a heathy stagecoachtraffic. Travellers wouldput up at Joe Parker's prim lookingtavern with its second storyporch and a watch tower on theroof. Five of the houses thatstood on the road to the tavernare still there; Mrs. Purdam'shome, Miss Josephine Fish's,Miss Sarah B. Fay's, and MissFanny Robinson's home. Theold Bradley house was latermoved to a site near the laboi'-atory.In the relatively modern timesof Mr. Gifford's youth WoodsHole was a busy little town, itsshores dotted with houses; itsback yards (where there wereback yards) became undulatingcorn fields shaped in with stonefences. There was a grist mill,a candle factory, a guano works,a cooper's shop, a fish dryingindustry and a whaling fleet.But Mr. Gifford. pondering thesethings, remarked, "There wasn'tanythinij doing here beforethe 'Biological' came. I'm gladexternal factors.On July 21 Dr. Redfield gavea special lecture in which hemocyaninswere ably discussed.These copper-containing pigmentsare under investigation,as they offer a more readily controlledgroup than the haemoglobins.CILIA AND CILIAHaving left our first despondplateau, we were stimulated byan interesting lecture on Free-Living Amoeba by ProfessorSchaeffer of the University ofKansas. As a Proteus guidinghis sea calves. Professor Schaefferhas kept an oagle eye ou hisflock of amoebae. His observationsand lesulting conclusionshave caused almost as much discomfortas the judge whoawarded the golden apple atthat ancient beauty contest. Inother words. Amoeba proteusis not what it was formerly conceivedto be. Seven forms havebeen singled out of which one isclassified as Amoeba proteus.Thus amoebae are being morespecifically classified so thatwhen Ajnoeba proteus is mentioned,a definite concept can toeformed and discussed.On the other hand many observersthink that amoebae willnot be able to be classified dueto the varied vicissitudes oftheir life histories. Still ProfessorSchaeffer has confirmedhis species to a certain degreeby complement fixation testsafter the manner of Nuttall.It is of interest to report thatJames Harvey Robinson, authorof "The Mind in the Making"can be seen plugging away athis desk in the laboratory.The class taxonomist has beenbusy trying to classify seventeenor eighteen forms that havecome to his notice. It has beena difficult task, tout followingProfessor Schaeffer's example,he makes a good try.The most outstanding organismfirst to be classified was amember of the Ciliata difficultto place because of its numerousanterior cilia and enormousperistomio cirri, to say nothingof its rigid body. A study ofits life history has revealed thatit sporulates frequently. Theseit's here!"ciliated spores are usually foundon the tennis court. One observeron an ofl^ day observed theseOUR BACIAspores in a degenerate cycle associatedwith the horseshoesThe lectures in the Physiologycourse are being carried on west of the wooden laiboratory.In some forms endomixisby Professor Miohaelis who hascontinuesthe work in physicalbeen observed ; ectomixis cannotbe hoped for. Most observershowever hold that thischemistry on Tuesdays, Wednesdaysand Fridays. Dr. Fenn is form is free living. It so resemblesDysteria of the Holotrichidalecturing on the other threedays on "varied response",that it has been named Hysteriahetheringtonensis.particularly of muscle and nerve,Still another variety of Cilia-to changes in oxygen and otherta has been described as ante-"iorlv. peripherally ciliated andis usually found in the fingerbowls of the laboratory, moreoften, however, on the beaches.The "tyro" who is anxious tofollect mav be the fir.st to detectStrcmbonium morrisiana by a^^ecifilized bark which resemblesthe mammalian cough. Thetaxonimist has neglected tomention that hysteria hetheringtonensiscan be detected by queersounds that resemble the Englishwords "Marvelous! Marvelous!Simply ripping!" The taxonimistmust not be taken too seriouslyas the writer believes thatEhrenberg's spirit still prevails.Another peripherally ciliatedform might be described as havinga round head, had Ehrenbergbeen reading a history ofCromwell the night before hemade these observations. Justnow it is rarely ever found inthe laboratory, Ijeing now classifiedamong the "Four Hundred".Its life cycle can be studied bestat night. Beware of Lacrymariadolor to be changed toLacrymaria laetitia after Augustfirst.Water Sports(Continued from Page 1)suits of each event will be announcedpromptly from thefloat. Contestants will be summonedby the announcer to thefloat a few minutes in advanceof the event in which they areentered, thus avoiding all possibledelays.Posters announcing the WaterSports will be displayed in conspicuousplaces well in advanceand will advise the contestantsto hand in their names, togetherwith the event or events w'hichthey plan to enter, to a designatedofficial.Following are the eventswhich have been scheduled,in the approximate order oftheir occurrence on the program:Boys' Race : 12 years and under(25 yards)Girls' Race: 12 years and under(25 yards)Boys' Tub Race: 12 years andunderGirls' Tub Race: 12 years andunder_Junior Boys' Dive : 16 andunderJunior Girls' Dive: 16 and underBoys' Race: 15 and under (50yards)Girls' Race: 15 and under (50yards)Senior Boys' Dive: over 16yearsSenior Girls' Dive: over 16yearsBoys' Race (Dash and Long Distance): over 16Girls' Race (Dash and Long Distance): over 16Relav RacesCone TiltsHelen Te Winkol (Oberlin'26 ( has been appointed laboratoryassistant in physiology atMt. Holyoke for the next collegeyear.RIDE THE BUSTO FALMOUTHIt costs less than todrive your own car.B. R. NICKERSONWOODS HOLE, MASS.When Looking for ReliableMerchandise TryARENOVSKl'SEst. 1832 Phone 410The Home ofHart Schaffner & Marx ClothingLamson & Hubbard HatsPrintzess Suits, Coats andDressesEverything in the Way of SportClothesWalk-Over ShoesSatisfaction Guaranteed orMoney RefundedFalmouth -:- .:- M^ss.HUDSON-ESSEXMOTORCARSWe have several good secondhand cars for sale.The Crocker GarageCorporation, Inc.Fain nth Mass.Follow the Crowd toDANIELS'for Home-made Ice CreanDelicious Sandwiches,CoffeeI'ifMC Li.\'rin:sIDEALRESTAURANTMain StreetWoods HoleCompliments ofPENZANCE GARAGEWOODS HOLE, MASS.Day or Night A. L. A.Phone 652TowingSAMUEL CAHOONWholesale and Retail Dealer inFISH AND LOBSTERSTel. Falmouth 660-661Woods Hole, Mass.

:PAGE TWELVE THE COLLECTING NETEMBRYOSUnder Dr. Graves' guidancewe began the fourth week bypursuing the squid from thecradle to the grave. Being anextremely obvious thing themicrcpyle was seen easily andthe variegated chromatophoresmade our drawings look all themore like the comic strip in theSunday paper.Nereis and Crepidula with Dr.Packard as sponsor made theirdebut in the embryologj' lab.on Thursday. They are completesocial successes, in facteveryone has gone dizzy overCrepidula.Dr. Rogers' grand finale wasmade when on his last day inlab. he was explaining somethingin Dr. Conklin's lectureand ended by saying "It certainlyseems to work accordingto Hoyle". One puzzled studentgave an agonized look and said,"But it was Conklin who discoveredit, wasn't it?"Dr. Baker's lecture on "TissueCulture" with its slides andmovies was the first thing thathas chased away that tired lookfrom the hard working students.These attempts to prove ThomasA. Edison's theory that mandoes not need sleep, have metthe same result as many otherresearch problems — completefailure. Miss Baker of theRockefeller Foundation has donean interesting piece of work ontissue culture, studying especiallythe nutrition of the growingcells.After numerous visits to thedark room Gonionemus hasfinally been prevailed upon tolay eggs. The race for the lobsterdinner which Dr. Ploughhas promised to the one who succedsin raising a larval formwith more than three arms, hasbegun.Dr. Just's lecture on "Fertilization"is scheduled for thiscoming week and there is a possibilitythat we may soon hearDr. Galtsoff tell about oysterspawning.Corporation MeetingThe annual meeting of theCorporation of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory will be heldin the auditorium of the laboratoryat Woods Hole, Mass., onTuesday, August 9th. at. 12o'clock noon for the election ofofficers and trustees and thetransaction of such business asmay come before the meeting.Coast Guard Day will beobserved on August 4, and elaborateplans have been rriadcfor its celebration at Base 18,including a special banquet atwhich Congressman Charles L.Gifford will be a speaker.Currents inthe HoleAt following- hours the currentin the hole turns to run from Buzz:irus£)ay to Vineyard Sound:A. M. P. M.Ju'.y 30 6:13 6:29Ju!v 31 6:57 7:11Aug. 1 7:41 7:59Aug. 2 8:26 8:47Aug. 3 9:10 9:31Aug. 4 9:59 10:20Aug. 5 10:33 11:06Aug. 6 11:27 11:56In each case the currentchanges six hours later and runsfrom the Sound to the Bay.DAWSON HEADSHORSESHOE TOSSERSAnnual Laddci- Tournament In FullSwing As Seascn WanesDr. J. A. ("Art") Dawsonwas the proverbial "popularchampion" during the week ofJuly 18th, successfully defendinghis title as No. 1 man inthe Annual Horseshoes LadderTournament against no less thanfour challengers. In only oneof these matches did Dawsonlose a game, namely, in his tiffwith Frank Swett, who took thefirst game 21-13. All his othervictories were clear-cut and decisive.The ranking of the contestantsat present isas follows:1. J. A. Dawson2. 0. L. InmanF. H. SwettE. A. MartinJ. W. WilsonA. H. SturtevantD. E. Lancefield8. L. HoadleyThe principal change in thisorder during the past week wasbrought about by Swett, whomoved up to No. 3 position byhis win over Earl Martin. Inmanprevented Swett's furtheradvance by beating him instraight games, 21-17, 21-17,thus retaining his own post atNo. 2.Following are the outstandingchampionship matches for theweek of July 18th:July 18—Dawson d. Swett: 13-21, 21-7, 21-10.Julv 20—Dawson d. Martin:21-10, 21-12.July 21—Inman d. Swett: 21-17, 21-17.July 22—Dawson d.Lancefield21-6, 21-0; Dawson d. Hoadley:21-14, 21-13, Swett d.Martin: 21-19, 21-5.Elizabeth H. Parsons, a graduateof Oberlin and now a memberof the embryology class here,has been appointed graduate assistantin zoology at Wellesley.ANOTHER TRIUMPH INMICROSCOPE CONSTRUCTIONTHE NEWSPENCERCOMBINATION BINOCULARand MONOCULAR BODYTWO IN ONEChanges from binocular to monocularvision and vice versa as easily andquickly as from one objective to anotheron a nosepiece.With the new Comibination body alltho possibilities of both eyes—greaterbrilliancy of field, critical resolutionand definition, ease and comfort ofvision, stereoscopic effect, etc.—are atthe command of the operator.It is no longer necossary to botherwith two tubes. Shown at our'-. -EXHIBIT IN LECTURE HALL AUGUST 2nd toSpt-nct-rMiiTosc'opoNo. 7HwithConilnn.-itionBody12thSPENCER LENS COMPANYManufacturersMicroscopes, Microtomes, Delineascopes, OpticalGlass, Optical Measuring Instruments,Dissecting Instruments, Etc.BUFFALO, N. Y.BRANCHES: NEW YORK, BOSTON, (CHICAGO,Lamp with tilting pin in positionSAN FRANCISCOMicroscopeLampwithiris diaphragmand focusablecondensing lens.Microscopists prefer this lamp because of the convenience of theiris diaphragm, the focusable condensing lens and the well diffusedlight.PALO COMPANYApparatus for Industrial and Laboratory Use153 WEST 23rd STREET NEW YORK, N. Y.CENTRIFUGESINTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO.352 Western Ave., Boston, Mass.These Centrifuges were developed to meet, in a practicalway, the varied requirements of many laboratories. Theyare made in several sizes, with capacities ranging fromtwo tubes of 15 ml. each to ten cups of 1500 ml. each,and with i-elative centrifugal forces up to 3800 timesgravity.Bulletins CI and C2 describe theSizes.most used Laboratory

—Volume IINumber 5WOODS HOLE, MASS.. SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1927KuhNcription $i.2^CLUB PLAYS AREGIVEN SATURDAYFor several years the M. B. L.Social and Tennis Clubs havecombined to give an annual entertainmentconsisting of oneactplays, music and varietynumbers. This year a gala performancehas been arranged forSaturday evening, Aug. 6, at8:30, in the M. B. L. Auditorium.In order to meet the variedtastes of the members of ourlarge and complex communityto please the high-brow, the lowbrow,and the omni-brow, andto do it in one evening—^a diversifiedfeast will be laid beforethem, and it is predicted that hewill be a most ardent pessimistand misanthrope who will notthoroughly enjoy some part ifnot all of the program. Therewill be two one-act plays, instrumentalmusic of a highorder, and several vaudevillenumbers accompanied by, andinterspersed with, appropriatemusic.The first play will be a dramatizationof a scene from BoothTarkington's famous book "Penrodand Sam", entitled: "ConcerningTrousers". All thev^ork on this play—^the adaptation,directing, scenery, and(with one exceptioii^ the acting—isbeing clone 'by an enthusiasticjunior dramatic groupthe oldest of whom is thirteenyears old.(Continued on Page 11)m. ^. %. CalendarSaturday, Aug. 68:30 P. M.M. B. L. Club Plays. Auditorium.Admission: 50 cents and $1.00.Sunday, Aue:. 79:00 P. M.Informal Singing. Upstairs on theM. B. L. Club porch.Monday, August 812:00 MEnd of Class Work.Monday, August 8Concert: Woods Hole Choral Society.M. B. L. Auditorium.Tuesday, August 912:00 M.Annual Meeting of the Corporationof the Marine BiologicalLaboratory.Friday, August 124:00-6:00 "p. M.Tea. Investigator. M. B. L. Club.REMINISCENCES OF THEFiSH COMMISSSIONDr. Edwin LintonHonorary Research Fellow in Zoolology.University of Pennsylvania11. Early DaysSome years ago, in an eveninglecture before the MarineBiological Laboratory, I gavesome reminiscences of theWoods Hole Laboratory of theBureau of Fisheries. This lecturewas published in Sciencevol. 41; pp. 737-753. Also inScience, vol. 48 ; pp. 25-34, thereis published .471 Appreciation ofSpencer FuUerton Baird, inwhich reference to his work atWoods Hole is made. In thetwo issues of The Collecting Netwhich precede this issue thereappears a paper which was preparedfor a special occasion, thetitle of which paper is: BairdatWoods Hole.In complying with the editor'srequest that I write someof my recollections of the FishCommission at Woods Hole forThe Collecting Net, it is not myintention to make much use ofmaterial already published, although,naturally, as I attemptto recall memories of times past,the same persons, and doubtlesssome of the incidents whichcame to the front in my publishedreminiscences will again appearon the stage.It was in the summer of 1882that I had my first experiencewith the U. S. Fish Commission.I had just finished a year'sgraduate study at Yale wheremost of my work had been withProfessors A. E. Verrill andSydney I. Smith, both of whom(Continued on Page 8)Corporation MeetingThe annual meeting .of theCorporation of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory will be heldin the auditorium of the laboratoryat Woods Hole, Mass., onTuesday, August 9th, at 1.2o'clock noon for the election ofofficers and trustees and thetransaction of such business asmay come before the meeting.THE GENE AND THE ONTOGENETIC PROCESSFrank R. LillieProfessor of Zoology, University of ChicagoDr. LilUe delivered a lecture bearing the above title on the evening of July22. The author's STjmmary and a review of the paper follow.The presentation involved two aspects : first, critical, tooffset the conception especially as presented by (joldsmidt inhis "Physiologische Theorie der Vererbung", but also outlinedby others, that the theory of the gene may be developed into a-complete theory of the organism.Second, constructive, toReviewseek by correct definitions theBY Leigh Hoadleyrespective roles of the physiologyof development and gene-Assistant Professor of Zoology,Harvard Universitytics in the life history. It wasThose who heard the lecture pointed out in the introductionthat the conception of a singleof Prof. Frank R. Lillie a weektheory covering both geneticsago Friday evening had probablyanticipated a comprehensive ment is a reversion to the uni-and the physiology of develop-discussion of this subject by one tary conceptions of Darwin andwho has been in intimate contactwith much of the importedthat work since their timeWeismann, and it was maintainantwork on the physiology of has led, and is still leading, todevelopment, and one who has a sharp separation of these twomade definite contributions of disciplines.a very high character to its Since as a result of modernfundamental concepts and investigations genetics has becomesquite a unitary science,hypotheses. Nor were they disappointed.while physiology of developmentis at most a field of work,After mentioning the divergenceof schools which followed it was considered advisable tothe overthrow of the determinis-proceed by an examination oftic hypothesis of Weismann,Prof. Lillie emphasized the differenceswhich exist today betweenthe schools dealing primarilywith nuclear or cytoplasmicphenomena, and then showedthe importance of recognizingboth aspects to any adequatetheory of development. Thiswas nicely expressed in the discussionof the fundamental conceptswhich were presented asan introduction to the developmentof the main theses. These,viz., the germ, individuation anddifferentiation i. e. the origin ofembryonic segregates togetherwith the elaboration and realizationof potencies of the finalterm, lead to several conclusionswhich are extremely importantto an adequate conception of developmentalprocesses.I do not wish, nor is it myplace, to review the definitionswhich were given, but there arecertain qualifications which Iwish to emphasize. In the firstthe necessary concepts ofphsyiology of development, followedby an inquiry into therelation of the theory of thegene for each concept.The concepts considered werethose of the germ, of individuation,and of differentiation inits two aspects of embryonicsegregation of potencies and ofrealizationof potencies.Omitting in this abstract thedefinitions of the germ and ofindividuation, embryonic segregationwas characterized as follows:1. Its' action proceeds from themore general to the more specialin a definite sequence which isboth dichotomous and discontinuous.2. This results in a progressivegenetic restriction, of amore or less fixed kind, in theprimordia thus established.3. These processes exhibit definiteorder, (a) in time, (b) inspace, i. e. localization in the(Continued on Page 5) (Continued on Page 4)

gettheastrengthPAGE TWO THE COLLECTING NETT..E BEHAVIOR OFGORILLA BERINGEIEVENING LECTURERobert M. YekkesProfessor o; Fsychology,Yale UniversitiiReviewed by Howakd C. WarrenProfessor of Psychology,Princeton UnnersityProfessor Yerkes is wellmade many first-hand studies ofvarious species and is author ofa monograph on the DancmgMouse. In beginning his lectureDr. Yerkes warned theaudience that, though interestedin the study of behavior, he isnot to be classed as a behaviorist.The latter term is appliedto a philosophical theory, whichlimits scientific investigation mthe field of psychology to the examinationof actions and conduct,ruling out altogether thestudy of conscious phenomena.Dr. Yerkes is not in sympathywith this doctrine. He claimsthe privilege of studying animalconsciousness, and of usingmental terms freely in describingthe behavior of subhumanspecies.The lecture was a report,illustrated by motion pictures,of the behavior of a young gorillaobserved under careful controlconditions by Dr. Yerkes,in January, 1926, and again ayear later, in January, 1927.Apparently the first historicreference to the gorilla was byHanno, a writer of the fifth centuryB. C.There are uncertainreferences by Battell (1625)and Monboddo (1774). and arecognizable description byBowdich in 1819. The firstscientific description was publishedby Savage and Wyman in1847. Even today little isknown about the live gorilla,and our knowledge of the genusconfined to the more commonisspecies. Gorilla gorilla. Theother .species, G. Beringei, iscomparatively rare and occupiesa very limited habitat in Centralother so as to reach suspended Iproblem (of a food-problem,food, it required a long period [at least), without the capacityof trial and error before sheadvanced to the three-box stage.One of the most illuminating"passages" in the lecturer'sfilms shows Congo seated on atwo-box elevation, holding athird-box in her lap, and gazingalternatively at this box and thesuspended food. There wereattempts to lift the box towardthe food, to hold the box in midairand at the same time toknown among psychologists asone of the foremost investigatorsof animal behavior. He hasmount upon it; she failed entirelyto generalize the act of "putfitingbox on box". And ag

LUMINOUS BACTERIA AND PHOTOSYNTHESISE. Newton HarveyProfessor of Physiology, Princeton UniversityDr. Harvey delivered a lecture on July 13 before the Botany Seminar bearingthe above title. A summary of the lecture and a review follow.SummaryBY Charles S. ShoupPrinceton Unii'ersityMost sea animals develop,a few hours after death, smallcolonies of luminous bacteriaon the surface of their bodies.This occurs before putrefactivebacteria have begun activity andhave overwhelmed these othervery interesting forms. Suchpeculiar growths were knownto Boyle many years ago, for h?found them growing on meat atordinary temperatures. Now weare able to isolate these organismsand transplant them intoartificial media containing a considerablequantity of salt andadjusted to a decided alkalinity.The medium prepared for thispurpose is usually a peptoneglycerin-agarin sea-water. Ina few hours an abundant growthappears in good media and theorganisms may be handled andtransplanted in routine bacteriologicaltechnique.Luminous bacteria are quiteharmless, and they may be foundwithin the bodies of some smallforms, such as the sand-fleaswith which we are familiar hereat Woods Hole. Only the saltwaterforms are luminous, butthese bacteria may infect freshwateranimals. Certain luminousshrimps in Japan and asquid found at Naples, are luminousdue to growth within thebody of these organisms. Animalshave been injected withluminous bacteria and have beenmade to glow for a time, butsuch forms cannot grow in livingmammals, for there thetemperature is too high. Someanimals have a symbiotic relationwith bacteria, as Photoplepharon,the fish with a modifiedorgan for the continuous growthof luminous bacteria peculiar tothe fish itself.Luminous bacteria are nobaffected by stimulation, exceptas they become more luminouswhen oxygen is added to themedium after partial absence ofair. Their glow is steady andsimilar to the glow of luminousfungi, rather than to the intermittentglow of the firefly or ofother luminous forms withwhich we are familiar. Luminousbacteria are not visible inthe sea-water, for there they aredispersed so widely that thereare no aggregations of the millionsnecessary to give easilyvisible light. Luminous bacteriamay be subjected to the actionof anesthetics and recover. Asmall amount of KCN will dimthe light and slow the oxidationReviewBY Conway ZirkleBnssey InstitutionIt is not often that the Botanistscan have at one and thesame seminar a show, an accountof progress in the investigationof a most interestingorganism and the explanation ofa new and refined method of research,which promises to yieldresults in fields far removedfrom that in which it was developed.The lecture given byProf. E. N. Harvey on luminousbacteria was all of these. Anyphosphorescent organism js ashow for biologists and, whenthe lights were turned off, luminousbacterial colonies on agarslants, bacterial emulsion whichgave enough light to tell timeby and glowing cultures in pieplates,which were used as Petri-dishes,v/ e r e shown theaudience.Luminous bacteria unlike thephosphorescent organs of certainanimals glow continuouslyas long as there is free oxygenavailable; in its absence theylose this luminescence. Thus aculture will serve as an indicatorand will by its glowing indicatethe presence of freeoxygen.It is of course impossible totell how much of our presentscientific progress is due to anincreasing accuracy of measurement.Certainly many fields ofmost fruitful investigation,which were closed to biologists,who knew the solutions they investigatedmerely as acid, basicor neutral, were opened 'by thedevelopment of a more precisemethod of measuring pH. Anincreased delicacy of indicatorsfor other factors is almost certainto extend our knowledge infundamental- ways.The importance of oxygen inthe life process is recognized.Its detection in even the mostminute amounts is necessaryfor the solution of many problems.Are cei-tain anaerobicorganisms really anaerobic orwill they tolerate free oxygenin amounts smaller than wehave yet been able to measure?How much light is needed bygreen plants for the assimilationof carbon and hence the releaseof oxygen ? What is the oxygensupplying power of a clay soilthree feet under a swamp?The delicacy of these luminousbacteria as an indicator isshown by the fact that light isproduced by only .0053 mm. Hg.oxygen tension. The light fromTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE THREEa single match can certainlycause no great amount of photosynthesisto take place, yet apiece of marine alga immersedin an imulsion of these luminousbacteria will produce enoughoxygen to cause a glow when itis subjected to this amount oflight. A like evidence of ptutosynthesiscan also be foundunder circumstances where itwouk: hardly be expected to takeplace. The liberation of oxygenby the exposure to light ofleaves which have been groundup, frozen and thawed again,dried and again moistened canalso be proved.It can readily be seen that theluminous bacteria constitute amost useful tool for future investigation.Summary(Continued from Column 1)processes. The luminescence,however, may only be reducedto one-quarter while the respiratoryoxidations are reduced onetwentieth.Boyle found that when a tubecontaining a suspension of theseluminous organism.s was allowedto stand, it shortly becamedimmed and the glow disappeared,only to reappear upon vigorousshaking with air. The glowof the bacteria is absolutely dependentupon abundance of oxygen,and it is for this reasonthat they constitute splendid indicatorsfor detecting the presenceof oxygen in liquids and atthe phase-boundary betweenliquids and gases. It has beenshown that a suspension ofluminous bacteria begins todim when about 2% oxygen ispresent. The flow-meter hasbeen used for measuring theamount of oxygen just necessaryto produce light. This has beenfound to be .0053 mm. Hg.oxygen tension. Consequentlythe presence of luminous bacteriamay be utilized as a very delicatetest for oxygen.Beijerinck in 1902, was thefirst to study photosynthesis,with luminous bacteria as anindicator of the process. Usingan emulsion of ground cloverleaves, he found that photosynthesiscontinued when the clovercells were destroyed, and thatphotosynthesis continued in redlight and not in blue when theelectric arc spectrum Avas projectedby aprism on the plant,IJlva. Molish, in his studies ofdried leaves, found that a filtrateof Laminum leaves driedfour days in air and two daysin a dessicator could produceoxygen. This seemed to be anexception, but in 1925 he foundthat the leaves of manyland plants will photosynthesizeafter drying rapidly.Dried leaves ground in amortar with water, the unfilteredmass being added to a suspensionof luminous bacteria,will cause a dimunition in theglow of the suspension in fromfive to ten minutes. Upon illuminationthe bacterial glowagain appears, due to photosyntheticoxygen from the suspenedchloroplasts. It has beenfound that dried clover leaveswill photosynthesize even afterthree months in this condition.Frozen leaves will photosynthesizeagain when warmed and immediatelytested, but they soonlose this power.Luminous bacteria, due totheir ability to absorb oxygenas well as to glow in minutequantities of oxygen, are thenespecially adapted as indicatorsto study photosynthesis afterplants have been under anerobicconditions for some time. Mostrnarine algae can photosynthesizeimmediately on illumination,even when kept in an oxygen-fieeemulsion of luminoi.sbacteria for one half hour.TIMEis the important factor in all activitiesSAVE ITby nniiigrThe Wistar Institute Bibliographic Servicewhich bring-s to your table authors' abstracts of all papers aboutto appear in the:.Journal of Morphology and PhyBioIo&j-Tho Journal of Comparative XeurologyThe Ainerit-an Journal of AnatomyThe Anatomical RecordThe .Tournal of Experimental ZoologyAmerican Anatomical ^lemorisAmerican Journal of Physical AnthropologyFolia Anatomica Japonica (Tokyo. Japan)Biological BulletinTho Journal of ParasitologyStain Technology.instralian Journal of Experimental Biologyand Medical Science (Adelaide. South Australia)Advance Abstract Sheets ---...._ $3.00 per yearBibliographic Serrice Cards ....... $5.00 per yearBoth appear before the complete articles are publishedTHE WISTAR INSTITUTEThirty-sixth Street and Woodlajid Avenue :: :: :: Philadelphia, Fa.

'PAGE FOUR THE COLLECTING NETCHORAL SOCIETY WILLPRESENT CONCERT SOONThe Woods Hole Choral Societywill give a concert in theM. B. L. Auditorium on Mondayevening, August eighth. TheChoral Society was organizedlast season and during part oflast season and this summer hasbeen working hard under theable directorship of Mr. Gorokhoff.Mr. Gorokhoff trained thefamous Russian Choir Avhich delightedaudiences in WoodsHole several years ago. He isnow Professor of Music at SmithCollege.The program will contain avariety of carefully selectedpieces, including Russian andScotch folk songs, and sacredmusic.Fisheries ThursdayNight Round TableThe staff and investigators ofthe Bureau of Fisheries Laboratorymet for the regularweekly discussion of researchproblems in the parlors of theresidence Thursday evening.The staff, investigators, and thestudents of the M. B. L. wereinvited to participate.The general topic of discussionwas marine fishery investigationand Dr. 0. E. Sette gavea talk on "The mackerel fisheryand biological aspects of itsfluctuations".Lillie's Summary(Continued from Page 1)whole, and (c) of determinatequalities coordinated both inspace and in time.4. There is a final term ineach of the branches, which isfollowed by histogenesis and definitivefunctional differentiation,though certain terms (orbranches) remain open throughoutlife. We may thus distinguishclosed and open termsthroughout the life history withreference to embryonic segregation.Each of these charracterizationswas then discussed, and theproblem of embryonic inductioncame in for special consideration,leading to the conclusionthat all examples served to showthat induction produces onlythe phenotype for which ontogeneticsegregation had preparedthe way ;that the specificityof the response lies in thestage and locus, not in the inducingagent, and that the possibilitiesfor any induction arconly two in number. This simplesituation is often confusedby two prevalent ideas, the onethat potencies may be more thantwo in number at one time andplace; the other that the inducingagent may have determiningvalue, i. e. be a so-called formativestimulus. The fallacies ofthese positions were exposed.An adverse position was takenconcerning the formative stuffhypotheses of development generally,and also against thevague idea of referring developmentto autocalysis. Metabolismfurnishes the energy of development,but its varying kindsare to be regarded primarily aschemical indicators of differentiationsalready accomplishedand only secondarily, as in thecase of hormones, as factors ofdifferentiation.The processes of ontogeneticsegregation may lead to closedterms at their end, i. e. tissuesand cells said to develop by selfdifferentiation; or in certainlines of ontogenetic segregationthe terms may remain open, andthe cells retain a double potencythroughout life as e. g. in thefeather germs of sexually dimorphicbirds, or in cells of thenervous system. These are tobe distinguished from the alternativesof any action system,which are reversible, as contrastedwith the irreversiblecharacter of ontogenetic segregation.The space relationship in developmentas such appears tobe resolvable into physiologicalterms whether of gradients orinduction. However, the timesequence of developmental processesremains an unanalysablefeature of the life history. Ateach stage of the ontogeneticprocess specific forms of reaction,whether of the whole, orof its parts, occur. The orderis invariable, at least within anygiven system and fhas not sofar been experimentally modified.In the second part of the lecturethe bearing of the theoryof the gene upon the above aspectsof development was considered.Genetics contributeslargely to the conception of thegerm; but is helpless so far asthe theory of individuation isconcerned. With reference tothe phenomena of embryonicsegregation genetics is the victimof its own rigor. If eachcell receives the entire complexof genes, it is self contradictoryto attempt to explain embryonicsegregation on the gene theory.Goklschmidt's attempts in thisdirection were characterized asa rather splendid failure.On the other hand in allphenotypical realization, i. e. inthe objective appearance of anycharacter at any stage, thegenes undoubtedly play a decisiverole. The genetic problemdiffers from the embryologicalproblem inasmuch as any definablecharacter at any time inthe life history may be treatedas final for genetic study, andexamined with reference to itsmodes of recurrence in successivegenerations. One cannotimagine at the present time anyother experimental techniquethat would even remotely approachin delicacy of treatmentto the superlative refinement ofmodifications of the gene systemthat the genetic methodrenders possible. It is an indispensiblemethod for phenotypicalanalyses, whether in aa:enetic or a physiological sense.But it has its limitations, physiologicallyconsidered, arisingfrom the necessary finality oftreatment of any character, andfrom our complete ignoranceeither of the chemical nature ormode of action of the genes.The necessary postulate ofgenetics is that the genes are alwaysthe same in a given individual,in whatever place, atwhatever time, within the lifehistory of the individual, exceptfor the occurrence of mutationsor abnormal disjunctions towhich the same principles thenapply. The essential problemof development is precisely thatdifferentiation in relation tospace and time within the lifeANOTHER TRIUMPH INMICROSCOPE CONSTRUCTIONTHE NEWSPENCERCOMBINATION BINOCULARand MONOCULAR BODYTWO IN ONEChanges from binocular to monocularvision and vice versa as easily andquickly as from one objective to anotheron a nosepiece.With the new Combination body allthe possibilities of both eyes—^greaterbrilliancy of field, critical resolutionand definition, ease and comfort ofvision, stereoscopic effect, etc.—^are atthe command of the operator.It is no longer necessary to botherwith two tubes. Shown at ourhistory of the individual whichgenetics appears implicitly toexclude.The phenotypic identity ofenvironmental modifications ofgiven characters and of genemodifications of the same characterswas then emphasized.This is explicable on the assumptionthat both act on a givenontogenetic process.Physiology of developmentand genetics both teach us thesame lesson, viz, that at thefoundation of any given phenotypicevent there is an unanalyzedontogenetic process,which expresses itself in timeby qualitatively different typesof reaction, whether to the environmentor to the gene, or toboth combined. This is the unrecognizedpresupposition of allThis pro-studies in either field.cess is deterministic, and opento observation and experimentlike everything else occurring innature.The life history exhibitsa duality expressed in theassociated phenomena of ontogenyand genetics: on the onehand the genes which remain thesame throughout the life history,on the other hand the ontogeneticprocess which neverstands still from the germ to oldage. Physics and chemistryhave no place among their categoriesfor the ontogenetic proce-ss,and a fortiori for thephylogenetic. Why not surrenderourselves, in considerationof these problems, to thecurrent of more naive biologicalcategories ?EXHIBIT IN LECTURE HALL AUGUST 2nd to12thSPENCER LENS COMPANY-^ -.,,^ Manufacturers ^*- *^^^fsPENCER^ Microscopes, Microtomes, Delineascopes, Optical fsPENCER^l[Byrr*L^J Glass, Optical Measuring Instruments, l[BurrAL^J^Sb^ss^ Dissecting Instruments, Etc. ^Ss===^BUFFALO, N. 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'—•—HoadieyReview(Continued from Page 1)place, given a germinal duality,viz., cytoplasmic and nuclear,and admitting bdth species andindividual specificity in development,it follows that any alterationin genetic constitution, beit of nuclear or cytoplasmic elements,must result in developmentaldifferences. It might beadded that, at least in the higherso-called non-determinate types,environment plays a very importantrole, of which I shall saymore below.In discussing differentiation,Prof. Lillie distinguishes twogeneral varieties, one of whichinvolves the origin of germinallocalizations, embryonic segregation,and the other of which isconcerned merely with the elaborationand realization of potenciesin already definitely localizedand determined areas. Itwould seem at the present timethat all eggs have one propertyin common. (I refer here topolarity.) Subsequent embryonicsegregations bear a definiterelationship to this main, andfuture subordinate axes of thegerm. While this spacial relationshipis definite, it is no moreso than the temporal relationshipsexhibited during ontogeny.Just as cellular diflferentiationimplies an increase in the complexityof the cell, so embryonicsegregation implies an increasein the complexity of the germ.We have just seen that the determinatequalities of enibryonicsegregation are coordinatedin space and time, and theymust, of necessity, also involvegenetic restriction in the sensein which Minot used the tei-m.It is also very evident that thecourse of the process alwaysruns from the generalized to themous nature of the process inthe higher forms. Recognizingthis. Prof. Lillie has presentedan immense amount of data insupport of this view whichwould appear, on careful examination,to be the only one whichwill explain the facts. Theconfusion is apparently due tothe fact that while the considerationof potencies in questionreally involves only the immediatesegregations, all thosewhich may subsequently ariseare not rightly to be included.Here we should fix our attentionon ehe reaction of the substrateto the inductive factor and considerthe temporal arrangementa& well as the spacial.I have spoken above of thepart which environment mayplay in the fate of areas in openterm. This is a very importantfact which depends upon thetruth of the above statementsfor its validity. The environmentalfactors which are eff'ectivein changing the type of differentiationof parts of an individualare tliose which involveits position in the individual asa whole, and consequently thetype of inductive influence towhich it will react. All of theexperiments ion amphibian transplantationin the early stagesemphasize this. Mangold hasvery aptly described it as"Ortsgemasse Entwickelung".We might speak of it as positionaldevelopment. This issupported by all of the data onindependent self-differentiationwhich, in itself, indicates thepresence of elements in finalterm. The author has emphasizedthe point that some of theelements in the individual remainin relatively open termthroughout life, which givesplasticity to the individual duringthe later stages of the ontogeneticprocess.There is another implicationof the closed and open term hypothesiswhich is very significantand would seem to be animportant truth in the light ofmany recent experiments. Irefer here to the inability cfcells to undergo retrogressivedifferentiation in the sense ofreversals of embryonic segregationand the limitations placedupon them when in the finalstages of open term, or, forthat matter, at any time duringthis process of genetic restriction.This will be recognized tomore specialized during the developmentof the individual.This, the lecturer believes, is cells.accomplished by a process which In concluding his remarks.is both dichotomous and discontinuous.No one who is familiar reasons for the failure of theProf. Lillie pointed out thewith the immense amount of gene theory as it stands at theavailable information on celllineage can doubt the truth ofthis hypothesis here, thoughthere are those who, perhaps,cannot appreciate the dichoto-involve the distinction betweendedifferentiated and indifferentpresent time to make significantcontributions to the physiologyof development as far as theembryonic segregation of potentialareas is concerned. Themost evident is the fundamentalhypothesis that .each daughtercell receives qualitatively andquantitatively the complementof genes which was presentin the mother cell. W it hthis hypothesis it is impossibleto explain the action ofthese elements in developmentwithout referring immediatelyto the character of the substrate.Hence we find the sameproblem presented as to theorigin of the specific substratesand the way they are made susceptibleto gene influence, thatTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE FIVEisappears in a slightly differentform in the case of embryonicsegregation. That there is agenetic influence, no-one woulddeny, nor would anyone denythat this may become evident atvarious definite times in the lifehistory of the individual, butthe theory admits only thecausal factor, the gene, and theend result, in the form of theinfluenced character. At thepresent time, therefore, bothgenetics and the physiology ofdevelopment find themselves confrontedby the need for the answerto the question : Whatthe cause and method of embryonicsegregation?iVlrs. Edmund s 'b o u r n e,daughter of the late JacqueLoeb, visited in Woods Hole recently.Dr. Warbasse has sailed onboard S. S. "Stockholm" forGotenborg, Sweden, on July 30as a delegate of the InternationalCooperative Congress to be heldin Stockholm, Sweden on August15. On its conclusion he intendsto take a three weeks skiingtrip in the snow and the glaciersof Norway. His son Eric willaccompany him. They are expectedto return on September10.ASTRONOMICAL LULLABYTwinkle, iwinkle, little star!Ciiemists know just what you are;Though your carbon content's high,You're no diamond in the sky.Helium and hydrogenForm a part of you, we ken,But your heat is much too grreatFor carbon in its crystal state.And your spectral lines, beside.Tell a tale you fain would hide;If you're sixty or sixteen—Billion years, of course we mean.These same lines, by tvxdsting, proveHow and with what speed you moveWatch your step, star, and bpwareThe spectre-telescopic stare!Stars there are, we might remark,Having ways unseen and dark;The astronomer contrivesTo find some leading double lives.Betelgeuse, Orion's pride.Lay false modesty aside;By interference telescopeMichelson has sized you up.The BNAArranged as an Outline ofTwinkle, twinkle, little star!We know just how warm you are,By your color red or blueWe've your number, indexed too.Regional and Systematic AnatomyA Contribution to the Science and Teaching of AnatomyBYVictor E. EmmelProfessor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of IllinoisLaboratory Guest at The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and BiologyREVISED SECOND EDITIONpH. D.The Basle Anatomical Nomenclature (the BNA) has been preeminentlysuccessful in the elimination of approximately 45,000 unnecessarysynonyms for the macroscopic structures of the humanbody, and has consequently become an international anatomiclanguage.This list of some 5000 terms, intended for common use in the medicalschools, was arranged on the basis of systematic human anatomy.It appears obvious, however, that, from the standpoint of practicalanatomy, a regional arrangement of these terms in conjunction withtheir systematic taibulation would greatly increase the usefulness ofthe BNA.With this objective in mind, the present systematic BNA has beenexpanded to include a correlated regional arrangement of anatomicalterms—an arrangement based upon the sequence in which the structuresindicated 'by these terras may be exposed and demonstrated tothe naked eye in actual dissection—^thus securing a direct associationof the term with the visualization of the structure to which it refers.Although a minimum encroachment upon individual initiative isevaluated as a dominant objective to be sought, concise statementsare given for the more difficult incisions and dissections involved inthe demonstration of the structures listed. The order in which theregions are deMt with is based upon a sequence which facilitatesobservation of those structural relationships of greatest practicalsignificance. The work consequently contitutes a basis for a directcorrelation of anatomical terminology and structure in the practicalstudy of the cadaver and presents a resume of regional and systematicanatomy for anatomical and clinical reference.This book of about 250 pages, illustrated with twelve plates andfig-ures in delineation of surface anatomy and surface projections ofthe skeleton, will be ready September 15, 1927. Price, $3.50, boundin cloth.ADDRESSTHE WISTAR INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY AND BIOLOGYThirty-sixth Street and Woodland Avenue : : : : Philadelphia, Pa.

:.:PAGE SIX THE COLLECTING NETThe Collecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory and of Woods Hole ingeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSRobert Chambers. Prof, of Anatomy,Cornell University Medical School.Edwin G. Conklin. Prof, of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of Zoology,Yale University.EDITORIAL STAFFWare CattellEditorHugh Montgomery Art EditorMrs. L. V. Heilbrunn. .General NewsHelen S. Morris General NewsJack FoggContributing EditorsSport NewsT. G. Adams Cilia and CiliaBusiness StaffKatharine Underwood ... .Bus. Man.Use MichaelisAsst. Bus. Man.{Application for entry as second-classviatter is pending.)The Universal PressNew Bedford WoodsMassachusettsThe Scholarship FundHoleWe are glad to make note ofanother contribution of ten dollarsto the "C. N. ScholarshipFund". We have now receiveda total of fifty-five dolars. Thisis one quarter of the sum thatwill be divided into two scholarshipsof one hundred dollarseach. They will be awarded totwo financially embarrassed anddeserving students to make itpossible for them to return nextsummer and work on a researchproblem at the Marine BiologicalLaboratory. The awardswill be made during the firstweek in September by a committeecomposed of five personsin charge of the classes.FLEXNER ANDWASTENEYS, ELUOGIZELILLIELOEB AND HIS WORKA dedication ceremony inhonor of Dr. Jacque Loeb, washeld Thursday afternoon, Augu.st4th in the auditorium ofthe brick building, and a bronzeplaque commemmorating Dr.Loeb was placed in the lobby ofthe laboratory next to the Whitmanplaque and unveiled at theiime of the ceremony.The speakers of the afternoonTS'ere Dr. Frank R. Lillie, formerdirector of the laboratory whospoke on Dr. Loeb's connectionwith the M. B. L.; Dr. HardolphWasteneys of the University ofToronto who spoke on certainphases of Dr. Loeb's work ; andDr. Simon Flexner of the RockefellerInstitute who spoke onDr. Loeb's connection with theInstitute.Dr. Lillie spoke of the historyof the laboratory in connectionwith Whitman and Agassizwhose names had toeen placed,like Loeb's, in bronze on thewalls of the laboratory. He alsotold how Loeb had designed andused for so many years the littlewooden laboratory which nowstands next to the botany building.During Dr. Loeb's life thebuilding stood on a site nearthe edge of the Eel Pond, andwas moved after Dr. Loeb'sdeath in 1924 to its presentplace.Dr. Wasteneys spoke on Loeb'swork on proteins, since it wasimpossible to discuss or evenmention all of the fields in whichhe worked. He brought out' theimportance of the work on proteinsand the simplicity ofLoeb's methods and apparatus.Those problems which Loeb Avasunable to solve he would oftenset aside for years until science,or apparatus, or his owti knowledgecaught up with the problemand he was able to goahead with it. Loeb did all ofhis work with unusually simpleapparatus, in contrast to theelaborate methods so prevalentamong laboratory workers, accordingto Dr. Wasteneys.Dr. Simon Flexner, head ofthe Rockefeller Institute, spokeof Loeb's connection withRockefeller from 1910 when theInstitute was able to persuadeLoeb to desert his teaching forthe research position, to 1924when he died. Dr. Flexner discussedLoeb's own history andthe influence of the great scientistsof the past century withwhich Loeb had come in contact.He was a graduate of theUniversity of Strassburg, and inhis younger days was taught byFick, Golz, and Sachs. FromSachs he had become interestedin tropisms and did much of hislater work or tropisms in ani-These teachers who hadmals.come under the influence of suchmen as Helmholz, P a s te u r,Nernst and a score of othergreat physiologists of the 19thcentury, passed on much of theirinfluence to Loeb. It was thisinspiration, according to Dr.Flexner, as much as anythingelse, which made Loeb the greatfactor that he was in the RockefellerInstitute. Flexner toldof the enthusiasm felt for Loebby the younger men of the laboratory,how eager the membersof the Institute were to sitat Loeb's table because of hisbrilliant conversation and hisability to inspire. If Loeb haddone nothing more than to inspirehe would still have donetremendous service to the Institute,said Dr. Flexner. Dr.Loeb's death occurred suddenlyin 1924 at the height of hisscientific career.The library must have a completeset of your reprints. Howcan you help the staff to securethese?To follow up the point aboutreprints that was recently made,are you willing to do one of twothings?(1) Make a note of your reprintsthat we already have, bylisting these from the cataloguethat is on the same stack flooras the reprint collection (ifthere are many of these, we willbe glad to do this for you)When you are in your own laboratoryin the fall, compare thislist with a complete list or collectionthat you may have ofyour own reprints. Then sendus those that we lack along witha complete bibliography of yourpapers, chronological if possible.(2) Hand to us a chronologicalbibliography of all of youi'papers. We will return this toyou checked toshow those thatwe already have. When youare in your own laboratory inthe fall, return the list to uswith those reprints that we lack.Please bear in mind that itis most desirable that youshould place not one set, but aduplicate set of your reprintshere. Please place the MarineBiological Laboratory Libraryon your mailing list for twocopies of all current papersthat you issue.Librarian,Marine Biological Laboratory,Woods Hole, Mass.Protective AssociationMeets Friday E^feniegThe annual meeting of theWoods Hole Protective Associationwill be held in the Old LectureHall on Friday evening,Aug. 12 at eight o'clock. AllNOTICEMany of the books appearingon the shelves in the "newbooks" corner of the readingroom have been presented to usby the publishers with the provisionthat v,'e let them know ofthe number of sales that theirpresence in our library mayhave brought about. We can-members are urged tonot do this without your cooperation.Wiil you be sure totell us on the shp at the end ofthe bookcase of any new booksyou have learned about hereand have recommended for yourown library's purchase.To the EditorMay I claim just enough spaceto praise a feature in your CollectingNet which has appealedespecially to me? Being hard ofhearing I have unfortunatelybeen compelled to forego thepleasure of attending the lecturesin persona propia and ofgetting each speaker's messagedirectly from him (or her, ifthere be such !) Therefore yourpublished abstracts and reviews,written clearly and withgenerous appreciation of faithfulwork well done, are a realdelight to me and must be soothers handicapped as I am.Dr. Alfred Meyer,Woo'ds Hole, Mass.toattend.The Woods Hole ProtectiveAssociation is an organizationof householders at Woods Holeformed about six years ago formutual protection against breakageand theft during the wintermonths, and for the furtheranceof all measures directedtoward adequate police and fireprotection. The Association employsan inspector who examinesthe exterior of each house on theAssociation's list once a weekwhile it is unoccupied, and reportsimmediately any evidenceof attempted burglary or otherdamage. In addition the Associationofi'ers a standing rewardof $100.00 for informationleading to the arrest andconviction of any offender.The present officers arePresident Dr. H. H. Plough,Secretary Miss Florence Tuckham.Any householders who wishto join the Association are urgedto attend the meeting.To the Editor:We have just received the July23rd issue of the Collecting Net andare very much interested in the descriptionwhich you give of the earlyhistory of Woods Hole and also of thedetails of the present management ofthe organization. We are very muchpleased with your friendly referenceto our firm as given on page 11.We wish, however, to call your attentionto the fact that our firm isnot in any sense a German firm, exceptthat the founder of the firm whowas the assistant of Liebig in Germanycame to this country in 1848 with thethought of being a professor of chemistryat Harvard. As he had nomoney to get from New York to Boston,he remained in New York to earnsufiicisnt money and becoming interestedin the work remained here andeventuially organized the fii-m ofEiimer & Amend. We are enclosingintixiductory section of our BCMcatalog where these details are given.Please note, however, that no Germoneywas ever invested in this company,and also that the present membersof the firm, and in many casestheir parents, were born in thiscountry. While originally a largeportion of the chemical laboratory apparatusand chemiical reagents wereimported from Germany, the amountimported at the present time is verysmall and the materials which we supplyare in general manufactured inthis country. Exceptions are ZeissMicroscopes, S. & S. Filter Paper andsome German glassware.Again assuring you of our appreciationof your kind reference to ourfirm, we areF. WiLbur Shulenberger,Eimer and AmendNew York, N. Y.

••— —THE SIX BLIND MEN ANDTHE JELLYPHANTApologies to John G. SaxeThere were six men of cbemistryTo research much inclined,Who went to see the Jellyphant(Tho all of them were blind )That each by observationMgiht satisfy his mind.The first approaclhed the JellyphantAnd happening to noteIts thirst for acids, bases 'too,At once began to gloat"I see," quoth be, "the Jellyphant'sAn ampholj'tic goat."The second, happening to touchThe amino-acid paws,Said— " 'Tis a biped, without doubtObeys all biped laws.Ridiculous to speak of itAs running on all fours."The third said— "Every mother knowsWhy mayonnaise stands up.Well-made emulsions won't fall outIf you invert the cup.'Tis plain to me the Jellyphant'sAn eraulsOfid-colloid pup.""I fell 'suoh firmness," ®aid the fourth,"That seems to indicateThe beast a solid backbone has—I see it sure as fate!This Jellyphant is nothing butA suspensoid vertebrate."The fifth deaminized its arms.But still it quenched its thirst."Ha, ha," he cried, "a hootch-houndsure!Deny the fact who durst?A keto-enol chamelon this—Of all I've seen, the vrorst!"The sixth immersed the JellyphantIn water without malit.Sober, it sang H ion hymns.In tune, wdthout a fault.He sighed, and ci'ied— "This malignedbeast'sAn orthodox old salt!"And so these men of chemistryDisputed loud and long.Each in his own opinionExceeding stiff and strong,Tho each was partly in the rightAnd all were in the wrong.Thus oft in scientific warsThe disputants, I ween.Rail on in utter ignoranceOf what each other meian.And prate about a JellyphantNot one of them has seen.pH. D.Dr. Hallowell Davis, assistantprofessor of physiology at theHarvard Medical School, was arecent visitor to Woods Hole.While here he gave a lecture onnerve conduction to the physiologyclass.Currents inthe HoleAt following hours the currentin the hole turns to run from BuzzardsBay to Vineyard Sound:A, M. P. M.Aug. 6 11:27 11:56Aug. 7 12:12Aug. 8 12:51 1:06Aug. 9 1:43 1:56Aug. 10 2:33 2:46Aug. 11 3:23 3:34Aug. 12 4:14 4:21Aug. 13 5:01 5:14In each case the currentchanges six hours later and runsfrom the Sound to the Bay.Dr. J. G. Wheatly, professorof engineering at the CarnigieInstitute of Technology died inJune. Dr. Wheatly and hisfamily have spent many summersat Woods Hole.IDEALRESTAURANTMain StreetTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE SEVENWoods Ho'.eCompliments ofPENZANCE GARAGEWOODS HOLE, MASS.Day or Night A. L. A.Phone 652TowingProfessor Thomas Hunt Morganhas returned from an absenceof about two weeks, duringwhich time he visited thelaboratory at the Tortuga Islands.'SE«t. 1892 Phone 410The Home ofHart Schaffner & Marx ClothingLamson & Hubbard HatsPr:ntzes8 Suits, Coats andDressesWalk-Over ShoesSatisfaction Guaranteed orMoney RefundedFalmouth -:- -:- Mass.CENTRIFUGESINTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO.352 Western Ave., Boston, Mass.These Centrifuges were developed to meet, in a practicalway, the varied requirements of many laboratories. Theyare made in several sizes, with capacities ranging fromtwo tubes of 15 ml. each to ten cups of 1500 ml. each,and with relative centrifugal forces up to 3800 timesgravity.Bulletins CI and C2 describe the most used LaboratorySizes.andSUPPLIESOur General Laboratory and Museum Supplies Include:Scientific Apparatus and Instruments, Chemicals, AnatornicalModels, Osteological Preparations, NaturalHistory Specimens and Preparations, Wall Charts,Museum and Naturalists' Supplies, Glass Jars,Miscroscopes and Accessories.Biological and General Laboratory SuppliesTHE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATION!OF AMERICADept. of Natural Science,G. Lagai, Ph.D.119-125 7th Ave.(Cor. 17th St.)New York CityThe Natureof the Worldand of ManLast fall critics united incalling this one of the finestand most engrossingpopularizationsof current sciencein existence.Among others, The SaturdayReview of Literaturesaid, "It sweeps on from onegreat truth to another in away that gives one a profoundrespect for the recentprogress of science."And The Nation,without being diluted.""PopularIn its handsome new editionit will continue to be the answerof science to the persistcuriosity of this generation.$5.00The UniversityChicagoPressof5750 Ellis Ave. CHICAGO

:—PAGE EIGHT THE COLLECTING NETReminiscences of the FishCommission(Continued from Page 1)had been connected with thescientific work of the Fish Commissionfrom its first organization.There was some delay in 1882in getting started with the workat Woods Hole, and I took advantageof this delay to acceptan invitation from ProfessorJames D. Dana to accompanyhim on a geological trip into theBerkshire Hills. We went byrail to Canaan, Connecticut, andthen with horse and buggydrove through the region embracingGreat Harrington, Lee,Lenox and Stock-bridge. Wespent the 4th of July at Canaan,where I had my first experiencewith a New England celebrationof the day. I was muchimpressed by the noise andother evidences of enthusiasm.Toward evening the street infront of the hotel was prettywell filled with patriots, who, Iwas told, had come from someneighboring point. They wereshooting off pistols with enthusiasticabandon, and by theirwalk and conversation gaveevidence which in these daysmight be interpreted as indicatingthe near presence of a bootlegery,but in those days was anot unusual happening in thevicinity of a hotel bar. I stillthink of Canaan, Connecticut asa placeWhere every prospect pleasesIt was about the first ofAugust when we reached WoodsHole. I remember very wellmy first meeting with ProfessorBaird. It was in front of thehouse facing Little Harbor,which was occupied by him andhis family, and where the laboratoryand clerical force tooktheir meals. I am not surewhether it was called a mess inthose days or not, hut my. impressionis that it was so-called.As I recall the picture of thatscene I see Professor Baird asan elderly man, of large frame,with a slight stoop, v/earing abeard, but with his upper lipcleanly shaven after the fashionof those times. I realize thatthe picture is one recorded byyoung eyes, for it is with somethingof a shock that Inote thefact that at the time at whichI am writing this sketch, I amolder by several years li'an ProfessorBaird was at the time ofhis death which did not occuruntil five vcars after Ihe dateupon which I fir.st met him.He questioned me as to whatzoological work I had been doing,and wanted to know whatgroup of animals I was especiallyinterested in. I soon learnedthat he thought that the bestapproach to zoological work wasfirst to become famil'ar withsome group of animals. Suchfamiliarity was not to ei.d withthe ability to give names to alarge number of representativesof the group, but inferred intimatefirst hand knov.iedge ofmorphology, geographical distribution,habits and the like.Indeed, as I recall subjects ofconversation which I heard discussedby Professors Baird,Verrill, Smith, G. Browne Good,Theodore Gill and others, systematiczoologj^ formed but asmall part. It is true that forthe most part their concern waswith questions of what andwhere and how and why, but itdid not stray from the solidground of nature. Of a differentsort were the monologues ofJohn A. Ryder with which henow and then favored us youngermen. I am inclined to thinkthat if some of the more inspiredof these could have been takendown as they were spoVen, theywould have heen worth-whilecontributions to speculative interpretationof the cosmos.In 1882 and until the summerof 1885 the Fish Commissionlaboratory was housed in atwo story frame building on thebuoy wharf of the Light HouseService in Little Harbor.It stood where the presentbrick building now stands. Ihave not verified my belief, butI think that the frame buildingwhich stands north of the brickbuilding, is the one which wasused for the laboratory, andwas moved to its present site togive place to the brick structure.There was a frame buildingon that site, but as I rememberit, its appearance was quitedifferent from that of the onewhich now occupies the site.The first floor accommodatedthose whose work had to domainly with fishes, the secondwas occupied by those who wereengaged for the most part inwork with invertebrates. Thislaboratory, to which access washad by means of an outside stairway, accommodated, as I recall,ten work tables. Here work wasin progress from early morninguntil late at night. The youngermembers of the party spentmuch time collecting materialin the various ways familiar tothose who have taken the invertebratecourse in the MarineBiological Laboratory. One ofour methods of making surfacecollections has left an impressionon my memory. That Wcisto take the steam launch, Cygnet,and make fast to the large canbuoyin the "Hole" when thetide was running, and theretow for a half-hour or more.The towings were taken to thelaboratory and there looked overbefore leaving for the night.B=BW C DAVIS-COMPANYHOME FURNISHERSFALMOUTH MASSTHE LEATHER SHOPFalmouth, Mass.ARTHUR C.^^^"^EASTMANMarineBiologicalLaboratorySupplyDepartmentFOR THE BESTBIOLOGICAL MATERIALCLASSROOM MATERIALMUSEUM SPECIMENSLIFE HISTORIESCatologues and InformationFurnished by Applying atSupply Department OfficeGeorge M. Gray, CuratorMAGNIFIERSOur magnifiers are of firstquality optical and mechanicalconstruction.MasrniH.^rli .!.! hiwifli|.!,i.c—sr.cIif*5ifl bandKich.Cu»irli triple apliiniitii-n4'lironiatlcmasrnidt'r. I'rrfwdy corrected.A'ariuus sLees frdiii (iX to 35X.:\lliiers :\Iagiiifier. :U mm. lens, inag:-nitiiation 7.6X—St. 10 caeli.Write for Magnifier BulletinPALOCOMPANYApiiaratuH for IndUNtrial and LaboratoryUse153 W. 23rd St., New York, N. YDr. Georijre H. GreeneDENTIST9MOffice, Xc'iirly oppnsitf St. Barnahas.Mt-uiMiial ClmrehFALMOl'TH. SIASS.Hours: II A, M. - 12 M. ; 1-4 P. M.T-'.'iiliont.' \)oPlnnlwari^ Painis and VarnishesCHARLES T. EASTMANFALMOUTH. MASS.Phone Orders Promptly DeliveredTel. 407KitchenVisitFurtiishinj,''SGlenwoodCape Cod's LargestRansresDepartment StoreH. MALCHMAN& BRO.Thos. Malchman, Prop.CLOTHIERS, HATTERSand FURNISHERSMain StreetTelephoneConnectionFalmouthHUDSON-ESSEXMOTOR CARSWe have several good secondhand cars for sale.The Crocker GarageCorporation, Inc.Fair nth Mass.Beach Party?FRESH ROLLSBACONSAUSAGESTEAKS andCHOPSEVERYTHINGQUICK SERVICELOW PRICESMorrison'sWoods Hole, Mass.MarketTHE SEA ROBINDirectly on the SoundClub Breakfasts . . 30c upAlso Dinner, Tea, andSupperMRS. CRITTENDENAttractive Weekly RatesTel. 667-3

:THE COLLECTING NETPAGE NINEReminiscences of theFish Commissiaa(Continued from Page 8)As I look back upon thosedays I am impressed with thealmost total absence of anythingin the way of play, otherthan the daily swim which mostof us took. Professor Verrillwas an indefatigaible workerwho got along with but a fewhours of sleep. His habit ofclose application to work continuedunchanged until near thewhich was but aend of his life,few months ago. An interestingaccount of his life work, writtenby Professor Wesley R. Coe,appeared in a recent number ofScience. Another example ofpainstaking and efficient industrywas set us younger men byRichard Rathbun. I was gladto hear his work given high commendationrecently by Dr. C.B. Wilson, who has for manyyears been working on thegroup which Rathbun was investigatingin the eighties.Two or three days after ourarrival at Woods Hole (then,and for some years spelledWoods Holl) the Fish Hmvkwas sent on a dredging trip offthe coast from Monomoy toProvincetown.As this was myfirst trip on the Fish Hawk Iam naturally better able to recallmy experiences and sensationson this occasion than I cando for any of the many tripswhich I made on this vessellater.Fortunately the sea was calmand none of the unpleasantmemories which are usually associatedwith dredging trips onthe Fisli Hawk arise. I remember,however, that as we werelying at anchor the first nightout, I was kept awake for sometime by a peculiar rattlingsound somewhere near my berth,which kept time with the gentlerolling of the ship. I learnedlater that the sound wascaused by a lot of loose shot ina thermometer which was usedin getting depth temperatures.The thermometer happened tobe lying athwarifc-ships so thatthe shot rolled from one end ofthe tube to the other with eaclichange in the position of theship.Our first dredging wass ofi:'Chatham. I remember particularlythe fine specimens of themany^branched ophiuran, Astrophyton,and a large speciesof sea anemone, both of whichwere taken in considerable numbers.It was on this trip that Imade the acquaintance of twointeresting characters. CaptainZ. L. Tanner, and Captain H. C.Chester. Captain Tanner, Commanderofthe Fish Hawk wasa typical, bluff, ruddy-faced seaman,who might have stepped

;PAGE TENConservationBureau ofWork ofFisheries(Continued from First Issue)This brief outline of the purposesand activities of the Bureauwill be sufficient to showthat its primary purpose is theconservation of our fishery resources.It is pei-tinent, therefore,to inquire just what ismeant by conservation. Thismuch abused word does notmean merely saving, althoughit is probable that in the popularmind the tsvo words are synonymous.conservation involves as muchthe utilization of a resource toIt may be said thatthe fullest possible extent compatiblewith its perpetuation, asit does the preserving of the resourceagainst undue exploitation.A greater appreciation of thenecessity for conserving ourfisheries has undoubtedly beenbrought about by the seriousdepletion of some of the mostimportant of them. The sturgeonhave all but disappearedfrom both coastal and inlandwaters; the salmon of the Atlanticcoast have been entirelyexterminated or seriously diminishedin number in manystreams, and in certain streamson the Pacific coast the salmonare much reduced; the halibuton both coasts have been distinctlyreduced in numbers, unquestionablyas a result of overfishing;the shad and mullet ofthe east coast and the whitefishesand related forms of theGreat Lakes have been affectedand the production of oystershas fallen off.Division of Scientific InquiryThe work of the division ofscientific inquiry is exceedinglydiverse. A large measure of effortis devoted to biological studiesof important food fishesand of other animals such asoysters, crabs, clams, etc., whichyield important aquatic products.The scientific investigationof the fisheries, or of thefish on which the fisheries arebased, provides data essentialfor the proper conservation ofthe resources. We must haveinformation relative to suchfundamental facts as the rate ofgrowth, age at maturity, timeand manner of spawning, habitsof the young, feeding habits ofboth young and old, extent anddirection of migrations, and theextent to which the variousgroups of fish mingle, particularlywith respect to their interbreeding.A considerableamount of attention is given toenemies or other elements intheir environment which tendto reduce the abundance ofthose forms from which we obtainour fishery products. Suchstudies are commonly known as"life-history studies" and considerableattention is paid toinvestigations of this nature.As an aid to the work of artificialpropagation, studies arealso conducted dealing with thepathology and nutrition offishes.THE COLLECTING NETThe oyster industry of theAtlantic coast is one of the mostvaluable fisheries, annuallyyielding about $14,000,000worth of products. It is prosecutedin every coastal statefrom Massachusetts to Texas,but in many localities it hasdeclined to an alarming extent,the total decrease in yield in,the last 20 years amounting toalmost 60 per cent. The bureauhas been investigating thecauses of this depletion and hasfound that it is largely due topollution combined with theover-fishing of the natural oysterbeds close to shore. Duringthe first two weeks of itslife the young oyster is a verydelicate microscopic animal andis free swimming. At this stagein its life it is very easily killedby such adverse conditions asare brought about by the pollutionof the coastal waters. Itis also true that oysters do notset free their eggs until thewater in which they are livinghas warmed up to a temperatureof approximately 70 degrees.Frequently in the North thedeener water fails to becomesufficiently warm for spawningto occur in any appreciableouantity.As a result the seedingof the beds out from shoredepends to a considerable extentupon the successful spawningon those inshore. The youngoysters drift with the currentsfrom there onto the offshorebeds, settling down there andunder favorable conditions, theyreach maturity. Thus it may beseen, that, in certain localitiessuch as the Long Isand Soundregion, the success of oyster cultureis dependent on the successfulspawning of oystersclose to shore. Unfortunatelythis is where pollution is mostabundant and where the youngfree-swimming oysters have thenoorest chance for survival.There is apparently little possibilityfor improvement in thisfishery until the pollution problemhas been remedied.Despite the fact that the oysterhas been cultivated for hundredsof years and is one of thebest known mollusks there is asurnrising lack of exact informationconceimlng its life history.These problems are beingattacked in a systematicmanner at the Bureau's WoodsHole laboratory.Tlio great salmon fisheries ofth" Pacific constitute our mostvaluable fishery. A large partof the product comes fromAlaska, where during 1926 therewere over §62,000,000 investedin this industry. The productfrom Alaska alone was valuedat more than §48,000,000. Thecare of this great industry isvested in the Department ofCommerce and is administeredby the Bureau of Fisheries. Inorder to properly regulate thisfishery extensive studies havebeen carried on for a numberof years. As a result it is probablethat the life histories ofthe several species of salmon arebetter known than those of anyother important food fish. Weknow, for instance, how rapidlythe fish grow and their size atmaturity. The so-called parentstream "theory has been firmlyestablished as a fact of wide application.The parent streamtheory merely states the factthat the salmon, after spendingseveral years in the ocean wherethey feed heavily and grow rapidly,return for the purpose ofspawning to the same streamfrom which they came as youngfish. Salmon lay their eggs infresh water and the young fish,after hatching and sometimesliving in fresh water for one ormake their way tomore years,the ocean where they live untilmature. The problems "connectedwith the conservation of thesalmon fishery thus assume avery different aspect since it isat once apparent that if the runinto any particular stream bedestroyed, it can only be restoredafter a long period oftime or by extensive and successfulartificial propagation.The extent to which salmoriwander from their parentstreams is also a matter of importancefor although a run offish may not be in danger as aresult of fishing operations inthe region about its nativestream, there may be a fisheryestablished at some distantpoint which attacks the samerun of fish and causes depletion.In an investigation of thisproblem the bureau has taggedthousands of adult salmon inthe region about the AlaskaPeninsula. One of the mostsignificant things which developedfrom this work was thefact that the fish which formedthe most important part of thi.sfishery came from I3ristol Baywhere there is another greatand intensive fishery. Thus thefish native to Bristol Bay werebeing attacked at two points.Such information has been usedin providing regulations governingthe salmon fisheries ofthis region.In a somewhat similar mannerthe cod of the AtlanticCoast are being investigated.We are learning many importantthings about their life-( Continued Next Week)THESCIENTIFICMONTHLYFOR AUGUSTTHE HISTORY OF THE ALPHABET. Professor Ingo W. D.HackhSPIRITUAL VALUES IN SCIENCE. Professor Victor E.Levine 119PHYSICAL LAWS AND SOCIAL PHENOMENA. Dr. R. B.Lindsay1^7CREDULITY VERSUS SCIENTIFIC DEMONSTRATION. T.SWANN HaRDIKG 133SOME STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF LIVINGNESS. ProfessorD. Eraser Harris 1^9THE UNFIT SURVIVE. Dr. Herbert Maynard Diamond 144SCIENCE AND RELIGION. Professor I. W. Howerth 151A SUMMER ON LOGAN RIVER. Professor James G. Needham 162TRANSATLANTIC TELEPHONY. Dr. Frank B. Jewett 170THE SABER-TOOTH TIGER. W. A. Spalding 182THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE:How Big can a Star be? The Unseen Life of the Soil; theContribution of Scientific Men to American Independence;Alessandro Volta 1^^THE SCIENCE PRESSLANCASTER, PA.—GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,N. Y. CITY—GARRISON, N. Y.Yearly Subscription $5.00 Single Copies 50 cents9'''

THE COLLECTING NET PAGE ELEVENProgram of PlaysThe M. B. L. Club and the M B. L. Tennis ClubpresentThe Annual Benefit EntertainmentAuspices: Mai-ine Biological LaboratoryM. B. L. AUDITORIUM — AUGUST 6, 1927, 8:30 P. M.1.—CONCERNING TROUSERSA scene from "Penrod and Sam" by Booth TarkingtonCHARACTERSPenrod Frederick Copeland'SamSeymour EdwardsHermanPeggy ClarkVerman Vicky GlaserGipsy (The Cat) Manton Copeland, Jr.Duke (The Dog) Penelope LewisScene: The Schofield's back-yard.Director—Preston iCope'land. Scenery—^Comstock Glaser.2.—INSTRUMENTAL MUSICThe Penzance Trio3.— "A QUESTION OF PRINCIPLE"—a comedyby Martin FlavinA AAAAAACHARACTERSMan L. B. VreemanBanker C. E. McClungClergymanC. H. ScheidiJudge L. S. PowellCommunisit G. '>. De RenyiPoliceman K. C. BlanchardGirl Miss R. F. HarrellScene- -A SidewalkD'irection—R. N. S. Whitelaw4.—M. B. L. VAUDEVILLE CIRCUITDirector—P.ReznikoffA. Professor "Bantam" Blanchard, The Wonder WorkerB. "We" Kenneth Cole and his machine—Stepping on it.C. Power, Stabler and Uke—in Songs of Home and Hearth.D. "Tea for Several"by Dorothy BlanchardCHARACTERSMrs. Queen "Roberta" StablerMrs. Green Josepf iue DanforthLetitia Louise ThorneEdwardDick BlumenthalDr. SellsHerman FieldDr. Goof Joe HaleOrchestra—Piano, Frances M. Clark; Saxaphone, Frank Lillie;Clarinet, Norman Steele; Banjo, William Bartholemew.COMMITTEESProduction—Mrs. E. L. Clark, A. Keefe, Mrs. F. Swett, L. M. Schmidt.Stage, Scenery, Costumes—F. E. Chidester, C. Packard, S. E. Pond,E. A. Martin, F. H. Swett, R. C. McGoun, Elsa Keil, Mrs. EdwinLinton, Mrs. M. Copeland, Mrs. L F. Lewis.Business—E. R. Clark, R. Bennitt, D. J. Edwards, Mrs. W. K. Farr.Club Plays(Continued from Page 1)The second play will be aComedy— "A Question of Principle",by Martin Flavin. Betweenthe two plays the PenzanceTrio will render severalmusical numbers.The last half of the eveningwill be given over to the recentlyorganized M. B. L. VaudevilleCircuit—with four sparklingnumbers under the directionofDr. P. Reznikoff.Professor "Bantam" Blanchard,The Wonder Worker, willgive his famous sleight-of-handperformance. The next act willbe entitled "We"—by KennethCole and his machine "Steppingon it". The entrancing Trio:Power, Stabler and Uke willthen entertain with Songs ofHome and Hearth, and finallythere will be given for the first(and probably the only) timean original one-act skit— "Teafor Several", by DorothyBlanchard, the scene of which islaid in Woods Hole.The proceeds of the plays willbe used for improvements forthe two clubs. During the pastsix years the income from playshas enabled the Tennis Club topay off the debt on the 'beachcourts, to replace the back-netsaround the mess court. DuringIhe present season, it has rebuiltthe surface of and subdrainedthe beach courts.an expensiveprocedure costing morethan fifteen hundred dollars,the M. B. L. Club has enclosedthe porch, thereby nearly doublingthe capacity of the clubhouse; it has redecorated the interior;and has been enabled toenlarge greatly the facilities ofthe Ckib. Altogether these improvementshave cost nearlyfour thousand dollars and alarge share of this sum has beenderived from the plays.The will be no advance saleof tickets and no reserved seats.Tickets will be S.50 and Sl.OOand will be on sale at the door,beginning at 7:45 P. M.Follow the Crowd toDANIELS'for Home-made Ice Cream,Delicious Sandwiches^CoffeeI»ICMC LVNCIIKSIDEALRESTAURANTMain StreetWoods HoleRIDE THE BUSTO FALMOUTHCompliments ofPENZANCE GARAGEWOODS HOLE, MASS.Day or Night A. L. A.Phone 6.52TowingSAMUEL CAHOONWholesale and Retail Dealer inFISH .\ND LOBSTERSTel. Falmouth 660-6G1Woods Hole, Mass.

:PAGE TWELVE THE COLLECTING NETPROMOTION OF RESEARCH Serious Explosion OnIS TOPIC OF CONFERENCEHilton's "Playmate"A conference was held onThursday evening, July 28 atthe Marine Biological Laboratoryin regard to problems of researchin colleges. The meetingwas called in accordance withthe instructions from a similarconference held last summer.Twenty-two different institutionswere represented. Dr. H.B. Goodrich of Wesleyan Universityacted as chairman.Dr. M. M. Metcalf presentedan informal report of the activitiesof the Joint Committee forPromotion of Research inAmerican Colleges. This committeewas organized as the resultof a resolution introducedby Dr. Vernon Kellogg at ageneral session of the A. A. A. S.at Philadelphia in December1926. It consists of representativesof various learned societies.Among the plans suggestedis a recommendation for theestablishment with outside cooperationof three differentmeans of assistance. First, bysmall financial grants, to relieveteachers of the necessity of gainfuloccupation during the summer,in order that the time maybe devoted to research. Secondly,to establish research fellowshipsfor younger members ofcollege faculties. Thirdly; toestablish rotating research professorshipsprobably one in acollege. It has been suggestedthat such experiments be triedout first in a few colleges, preferablyin different parts ofthe country where there is expectationthat results will besatisfactory.After a discussion of thisreport, statements were made inregard to conditions in variouscolleges. Dr. 0. L. Inman reportedthe organization of a researchcommittee at AntiochCollege which apportions a researchgrant made by the college.Dr. C. G. Rogers outlined theconditions at Oberlin where aresearch committee of thescience departments has been inexistence for some time. Duringthe last year a general committeerepresenting all departmentshas been organized.Dr. J. W. Mavor spoke of theunusual conditions existing atUnion College because of supportgiven to definite reseaichprojects by the General ElectricCompany. Encouragement isnot limited to the field of electricalengineering.Dr. H. H. Plough outlined therecent reorganization of M. A.work at Amherst. The old systemof course requirements hasbeen abolished and now the y)''ogramof each student is madeto center about some specialThose ardent scientists whospring like old fire horses to thehoot of the Woods Hole firesiren, and who are invariablyto be seen steaming along in thewake of the hook and ladder,were tremendously excited lastSaturday, upon emerging fromthe lab. to see the Woods HoleFire Department apparentlyputting out a blaze in the firehouse. After more careful investigation,however, it wasseen that the fire was on boardthe "Playmate" which was pulledup to the drawbridge. Mr.Hilton, the owner of the boat,was priming the engine inpreparationfor one of his frequentSaturday afternoon sailingparties when the explosion tookplace. The cabin had been closedduring the hot forenoon and itis believed that gas had accumulatedand was ignited by thecombustion of the engine. Mr.Hilton was rather severely burnedand the "Playmate" will probablyneed about three hundreddollars worth of repairs beforeshe will again be the jolly craftthat has taken so many wearybiologists away from their microscopes—andbrought themback again.Conference On Research(Continued from Column 1)piece f.f research. A researchcommittee is established andthe college makes grants for encouragementof special researchprojects.The conditions at WesleyanUniversity were outlined by Dr.H. B. Goodrich. There arefound means of encouragementsuch as research funds in certaindepartments, limited stenographicaid, a full time researchassociate in one department, acollege machine shop etc. Thereis kept a record in the CollegeBulletin of all publications bymembers of the faculty. A researchcommittee has recentlybeen established.There was a general discussionof various points raised andthe following resolutions werepassedResolved : that this conferenceapproves plans for encouragementof research formulated bythe Joint Committee on Promotionof Research in AmericanColleges.Resolved: that reports givenat this Woods Hole conferenceshow that direct results havebeen accomplished through the.efforts of the Committee andthat in the opinion of this conferenceit is desirable that theCommittee should continue itsefforts for the promotion of researchin American Colleges.Ready in SeptemberINTRODUCTION— TO —VERTEBRATE EMBRYOLOGYBy WALDO SHUMWAYUniversity of IllinoisThe distinctive feature of this hook is the use of two methods ofpresentation. The comparative method, now used quite generallyby the foremost English, French, and German embryologists andmore recently adopted by American zoologists, is employed in lecturesand reading, while the sequential method is utiliz.=d in thelaboratory work. This combination, correlating embryological principlesbrouglit out by classroom discussion and lectures, with theanatomy of vertebrate embryos, as studied in the laboratory, hasproduced a text which is both practical .md teachable.Particular emphasis has been placed on four forms: Amphioxus,the frog, the chick, and man. This section includes the embryonicmembranes, and the development of body form. The second divisiondeals with the derivation of the separate organs and organ systemsfrom the germ layers. Part III, which covers the atlas, treats ofthe anatomy of the frog, chick, and the pig. Here a general accountis given of the three major embryological types followed bya statement of their differences.JOHN WILEY & SONS Inc.440 Fourth Avenue, New YorkNew College Texts inPublishersBiologyImportant Revisions of a Successful Text and Manual forthe Elementary CourseFoundations of Biology, Third EditionBy Lorande Loss Woodruff, Professor of Biologyin Yale University.Published Julij 10th, 8vo, 5i6 pages $3.50The revision of this widely used text representsnot only the addition of much material coveringrecent advances in the science, but also a repolishingof the older material, the addition ofmany new figures, and a new chapter emphasizingthe signifiance of biological knowledge forhuman welfare.Manual of Biological Forms, Revised Edition.By George A. Baitsell, Associate Professor ofBiology in Yale University.Published July 19th, 8vo, 411 pages $2.50A successful manual for the general biology orzoology course, covering a wide range of animaland plant forms. In this revised edition muchnew material has been added and a number ofthe laboratory exercises have been rewritten.Especially adapted for use with Woodruff:Foundations of Biology, Third Edition, but suitablefor other texts asjwell.Teachers of College Biologywill gladly be sent examinationcopies on request toTHE MACMILLAN COMPANY60 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK CITY

Volume 11NuiiiIuT (»WOODSTRUSTEES AND MEMBERSOF M. E. L. CORPORATIONHELD MEETING TUESDAYHOLE, MASS., SATURDAY, AUGUST 13, 1927SubHcription $].?5SiiiRle Copies, i!OcConklin and Stockard On ExecutiveCommitteeAt their meeting on August10 the Trustees of the MarineBiological Laboratory appointedDr. Edwin G. Conklin and Dr.Charles R. Stockai-d to replaceDr. Grave and Dr. Glaser whoseterms automatically terminatethis year.The following individualswere elected as members of theCorporation of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory: T. H. Bissonette,S. C. Dellinger, T. Y.Graham, Florence Hague, P.Reznikoff, H. W. Stunkard, W.B. Unger and W. E. Bullington.At the meeting of the Corporationwhich was held atnoon on Tuesday, the followingmen were elected to the corporation:Treasurer—Mr. Riggs, (One year)Clerk—Calkins (One year)Trusteer.: to S^rve to 19.31 H. C.Bunipus, W. C. Curtis, B. M. Dugeer,G. T. Moore, W. J. V. Osterhant'; J.R. Srhaum. W. M. V/heeler, L. L.Woodruff.M. JB. %. CalcnbarWednesdav, August 248:15 P. M.Moving Picture and Lecture. "TheTal'.' of an Ancient Mariner".Presented by Chester Scott Howland.Reserved j^eats, $1.00. Generaladmission, 50c. For the benefitof the Collecting Net ScholarshipFund.CurrentsAt followini

PAGE TWO THE COLLECTING NET"Reminiscences of the FishConiinission"pp.. E3wtN LintonHonorary Research Fellow in Zoolology,UvlvemH^j of Pennsylvania11. Early Days(Continued)In the years 1898-1900 thelaboratory was under the directorshipof Dr. H. C. Bumpus.His energy and initiative, andthe fertility of his mind in suggestinglines of investigationexercised a strong, directive influenceon the work that wascarried on in those years. Workersin the laboratory in thoseyears were favored by beingbrought into the intellectuallyhigh potential field of Dr. GeorgeH. Parker's personality. I recallvividly the ease with whichhe then, and in succeeding years,undertook the solution of whatseemed to be difficult problems,the simplicity of his point ofattack, and the success whichattended his researches. Thesense of hearing in fishes, theirreaction to aerial sound waves.the function of the otolith andof the lateral line, were someof the problems which he solvedwith the aid of such instrumentsof precision as a hat pin, a twoby-fourplank fastened to anaquarium and the one-poundgun of the revenue cutterAaishyiet.For several years prior to1911, when the results were published,systematic work of aquite comprehensive nature wasconducted by Dr. Francis B.Sumner, director of the laboratoryfor a number of years, assistedby Drs. Raymond C.Osburn, L. C. Cole and BradleyM. Davis, in the making of ageneral biological survey of theregion. Nothing of this sorthad been attempted since ProfessorA. E. Verrill's Reportupon the Invertebrate Animlasof Vineyard Sound and the AdjacentWaters, with an Accountof the Physical Characters of theRegion. This report will befound in the Report of the U. S.Fish Commission for 1871-2, pp.295-778 ;plates 1-39.The report of the sui-vey-which was made by Dr. Sumnerand those associated with himwas published in Volume xxxl.Parts I and II, of the Bulletin ofthe Bureau of Fisheries.A figure familiar to those who•were in any way connected \viththe Fish Commission Laboratoryat Woods Hole, from its beginningto the time of his death in1919, was Vinal N. Edwards, to-whose memory a tablet wasT)1aced in the Laboratory Buildingof the Bureau of Fisheriestwo years ago. A fitting tributeto the activities of Mr. Edwardsis given by Dr. Sumner in theintroduction to the Report uponthe Biological Survey, Part I, p.12;It was found by us that Mr.Edwards still possessed copiousnotes relaiing to the yield offlsh traps, tyiie nets, seiningtrips, and tow-net collectingwhicn had never been utilized..... Indeed one of the motiveswhich prompted its compilationwas a desire to inconporate in apermanent form the valuablebut still unpublished data in thenossession of this indefatigablecollector and observer.The artistic eye of Charles R.Knight saw in Vinal an interestingtype. He made a sketch ofhim which he afterwards painted.And this reminds me thatMr. Knight first came to WoodsHole in the summer of 1899.Those who listened to his lecturein the Residence Building of theFish Commission a year or soago will remember it, I am sure,as one of the most entertainingand instructive talks that thej^have ever listened to. In 1899Mr. Knight had a table in myroom in the laboratory where hepainted a number of fish, amongthem at least one shark. One dayDr.Whitman's Japanese artist,Hyashi, was in my room and heand Knight were talking aboutEuropean animal painters.Hyashi v;as about to make a sixweek's visit to Paris, and wasgetting what information heI don't know how many times,during that summer. The nameof the artist I am not sure about,but as I recall it, the name wasDupin. Hyashi asked : "Do youknow painter name Dupin?" Towhich Knight made answer:"No, I don't think so. How docould about Paris animal painters.A part of that conversationstill remains in my memory;perhaps it is because I told it toDr. Bumpus, shortly after Iheard it and he had me tell it,you spell it?" Hyashi spelled it.Whereupon Knight exclaimed:"Oh, Dupin, you bet! He's acorker !" Hyashi smiled politely,waited a bit for Knight to answerhis question, and then asked:"Is he a gooda painter." Hewas not interested in corkers,but he was interested in animalpainters.\Vhile the work which is carriedon in the research laboratoriesof the Bureau of Fisherieshas to do mainly with practicalproblems relating to the fisheriesindustry much of it is prosecutedwithout any immediateutilitarian object in view. As anexample of the way in whichsome practical use may be madeof data that was collected withno purpose in mind other thanto find out certain facts, I maybe permitted to include here abit of personal experience.On June 17, 1915 I receiveda telegram from Dr. H. M.Smith, U. S. Commissioner ofFish and Fisheries, asking meto be in Washington on the 19thfor a consultation cencerningparasites in butterfish, in orderthat I might appear on the followingMonday before representativesof the Department ofHealth of New York City topresent arguments against theembargo which had been placedupon the sale of that food fish.I complied with Dr. Smith'srequest, and at 9:30 A. M. onthe 21st I met, by appointment,representatives of the Departmentof Health at their office.Center and Walker Streets. Ofthe officials whom I met on thatoccasion I remember best S. S.Goldwater, Chairman of Commissionof the Department ofHealth, and Dr. Hermann Betts,Chief of Division of Food Inspection.The Department hadcondemned some consignmentsof butterfish on account ofworms in the flesh. I soon foundthat it was not cestode cysts inthe flesh which were objectedto, but nemtodes, which Dr.Betts assured me were wrigglingin enormous numbers in theflesh. I told them that I hadbeen examining butterfish inconsiderable numbers everyyear for the last ten years, and"that while cestode cysts wereoften present, and sometimes inconsiderable numbers, that nematodesdid not occur in thebutterfish which I had examinedon the southern coast of NewEngland. I also stated that immaturenematodes were commonon the viscera of butterfish,as well as of other food fishes,but that they did not in my experiencepenetrate the flesh.This information, by the way,could have been secured fromthe fish dealers of Fulton Market.My testimony was ineffective.Dr. Goldwater, with afrankness of expression fromwhich there was a singularabsence of suavity, remarkingthat I did not know anythingabout nematode parasites inbutterfish, and Dr. Betts vehementlyasserting that practicallyevery butterfish brought tothe market was wriggling withworms. Seeing that we werenot likely to get anywhere, thesuggestion was made that somebutterfish be sent to us from themarket. This was done, and ina short time six butterfish weredelivered at the office. Dr. Bettsbravely attacked one of themwith a butcher knife. He valiantlyslashed through the bellyof the fish, dragging the viscera,which happened to be carryinga considerable number of immaturenematodes, mainly clusteredon the pyloric caeca,across the muscle tissue. Thedoughty doctor hopped about inexcietment, fairly shouting:"There, see, see them! I toldyou the flesh was wriggling withthem!" I called his attentionto the fact that the worms hadbeen dragged by the knife fromthe abdominal cavity onto themuscle tissue, and asked him toopen the others from the back,without disturbing the viscera.This, rather reluctantly as itseemed to me. he agreed to do.None of the fish thus opened hadany nematodes either in or onthe flesh.I left the ofS«e of the Com.-missioner of the Department ofPublic Health in a fairly goodhumor, although there passeda few minutes of the interviewv/hen I yearned to pitch theCommissioner of Public Healthout of the window, throwing inthe Chief of Division of FoodInspection for good measure.After I reached Woods HoleIlooked over my records of examinationsof butterfish for fleshparasites, and was able to reportto the Bureau of Fisheries,and my reports were transmittedto the Department of Healthin New York, that out of thesome 5000 butterfish which Ihad examined for flesh parasitesin successive years, from1904 to 1914 inclusive , I hadrecord of but two nematodesfound in the flesh, and they belongedto a different speciesfrom that represented by theimmature forms common on theviscera of the butterfish, andother food fish.It appears that the troublewas started by some, possiblywell-meaning blunderer, whoinduced housekeepers to buytheir fish direct from people whosupplied the fish at a rate belowthat asked at the market. Thesefish were not dressed by thedealer, and when housekeepers,in preparing these fish for thetable, saw veritable worms inthem, not being familiar withthe ways of nature, and associatingworms of any kind withwhat is usually meant by"wormy meat", naturally raisedclamorous complaint. This complaintreached the ears of theDepartment of Health Officials,who immediately, in their ignorance,took action, which, if ithad been persisted in, wouldhave meant the destruction ofa great amount of wholesomefood, and would have kept fromthe markets of New York a veryconsiderable proportion of theyield of the fish traps of thoseparts of our coast which supplythe markets of that city.Dr. H. F. Moore, at that timeDeputy U. S. Fish Commissioner,, estimated that, during theshort time that the embargoagainst butterfish was in effectat New York, butterfish to thevalue of at least $30,000 werethro^vn overboard.(Continued on Page 11)

LABORATORY MACHINESHOPstance for it commands twomore machines to minister toits wants. There is a new savage-lookinggrinder in themachine shop which can destroythe glaze on a piece ofglass within a few moments.Secondly there is an oven,shaped very much like the goodold-fashioned Dutch bake ovens.Only this one can heat up to600" C, and by the time thistemperature is reached the glassrealizes that resistance is impossibleand yields to be moldedinto one of a thousand possibleshapes. Not as picturesqueas the way they do it inVenice (especially for the benefitof tourists), but more eff"ectivefor the up-to^^date scientist.Another innovation whichsaves time, trouble and expense,is found in the proud, new attachmentson the ovygen tanks.One is apt to take a machine They are shiny-faced gaugesshop rather for granted. To rimmed with brass, and obviatemost people the words register the necessity of sending tanksallgrease, heat and noise, assortedthe way to Boston to bafilled.sounds from the purr of a fanbelt to the sharp scratch ol tiling.But somehow things at machine shop this year is, how-The^prize achievement of thethe Marine Biological ever,Laboratoryall seem to claim the vir-the building of two splendidconstant temperature baths.tue of origniality. The machine One, made by Mr. Phipps,shop at the Laboratory is instands in the machine shop, thesome ways like your own trontother is already in action. Thesepeices of machinery look likeparlor. Probably it is cleaner.crossesThe most fastidious personbetween a refrigeratorand a swimming pool.would be willing to acknowledgethe neatness of the sweptA largetank is filled with water inwhich arecement floor and the remarkableorder among the tools andThe waterimmersed two, giantelectric light bulbs.is kept atthe sort of "what-nots" thata constant temperatureautomaticallyusually have the habit of beingby means ofa mercurialin perpetual confusion. Onetube which breaksor establishes the electric contactas the temperature changeswonders what sort of hocuspocusdoes the trick. But probablyone might call it thein accordance. Although theanalogy is far fetched, one is"house wifely attitude" appliedsomehow, I'eminded of the spasmodicelectric signs on dear,to machinery. Yet that is hardlya fair way to describe Mr.distant Broadway as the lightLarkin and his helpers, for notflashes on beneath the wateronly do they keep the shop shipshape,but they have improvedwith s u r p r i s i ng suddenessThere is, though, a feeling ofit with an initiative that hasfar greater awe on being informedthat the regulatory ap-been augmenting the efficiencyof the service rendered to theparatus is as fussy as to keepM. B. L.the temperature correct to oneThe great minds in the Laboratory,from the first floor up water is of course kept in con-one-hundredth of a degree. Theto the roof are formulating stant circulation, and it is saidtheir theories on the flabby 'mud that the machine works betterpuppy or on Nereis the circularswimmer, but there areat low temperatures.To the researchers who usetimes when they must comethese strange contraptions withdown to earth—or rather to theas much abandon as you mightbasement, where Mr. Larkinpick up an ordinary saucepan,cheerfully officiates.the machine shop is just anotherSeveral labor-saving devices room in the brick building, buthave been added to the machine to those credulous and uninitiatedones who can still marvelshop. There is for instance theapparatus for cutting glass tubing.The tubing is wrapped in of magic about it.at machinery, it has a faint stira microne wire which is heateduntil it becomes red hot andBronfenbrenner'ssears the glass to a point ofSummaryeasy breaking. Simple enough,(Continued from Pagebut far more efficient than the1)usual filing.Glass is an aristorcratic sub-organized, the lecturer believesthat bacteriophage does not exemplifysuch a transition.The experimental evidencepresented by the lecturer tendsto indicate that the agent oftransmissible lysis of bacteriais diffusible. The particulatedistribution of the agent istherefore only apparent and isdue to its ready adsorption onthe surface of colloidal particlesof the medium. The size of theparticles which are apparentlyendowed with the activity is notuniform; moreover, it can bevaried experimentally by causingredistribution of the agenton the surface of more highlydispersed colloids.The agent has no independentmetabolism, it does not respireTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE THREEand does not possess reducingpower. While it undoubtedlyaccumulates in the medium duringthe reaction there is noevidence of actual growth andassimilation of the substratum^by it. It accumulates only inthe presence of actively growingyoung susceptible bacteria, andthe rate of its accumulation dependsentirely on the rate ofgrowth of the susceptible bacteria.The sterile areas produced bythe agent on the surface of agarseeded with bacteria do not represent"colonies" of the livingvirus but are the result of diffusionof the lytic agent. Thesize and number of the sterileareas (plaques) can be variedat will by changing the concentrationof the medium. At lowtemperatures diffusion of theagent continues, and the size ofthe plaques increases in spiteof the inhibition of bacterialgrowth and the consequent interruptionin the further productionof bacteriophage.The adaptibility of the agentto various bacterial substratais strictly limited within thegroup of closely related species,and is not a general rule evenwithin these limits. The samplesof bacteriophage affectingunrelated species of bacteria exhibita number of characteristicswhich make it possible to distinguishthem from one another.When a given material exhibitsactivity for two or more speciesof unrelated bacteria it can beshown that it contains a mixtureof different phages.The agent is probably a productof bacteria secreted bythem into the medium duringthe abnormally rapid growthstimulated by the small amountof phage introduced from without.Apparently, similarchanges in bacteria may be setup within the animal organismby some as yet unknown stimulus,and may result in the spontaneousproduction of phage.Although many investigatorsclaim to have caused such spontaneousproduction of phage bybacteria under the influence ofvarious stimuli, in vitro, theirevidence is not quite convincingẆhen active agent (phage)is introduced into a bacterialculture, it begins to accumulatethere prior to and independentlj^of the lysis of bacteria. Withina few hours following its introduction,bacteria begin toswell. Measurements of theviscosity of the culture indicatethat at the height of the reactionbacterial mass may occupytwelve or more times its originalvolume. Cinematographicrecord shows that at the heightof swelling bacteria burst, withoutleaving any visible debrisin the majority of instances.Ready solubility of the bacterialresidue would indicate that thecytoplasm has undergone digestionprior to bursting of thebacteria. Chemical analysis oflysed cultures shows evidencesof such digestion.Duggar's Review(Continued from Page 1)of the activities of living organisms.With this interpretationwe would be in possession ofmaterial for experimental workwithin the realm of the animatebut on the very borderland ofthe inanimate. It would be asurprising opportunity, and theparasitism—if such it is—ofthis agency on the bacteriarenders it not much more difficultof experimentation than ifitwere a saprophyte.On the other hand there hasbeen the other general line of inten>retation,none too deriniteiyformulated in most cases, to theeffect that this specific lysis, orany similar lysis, does not involvethe idea of parasitism. Ingeneral, the lytic agent is regardedas of enzymic nature ; atleast, the process must be directlychemical, perhaps a chainof reactions, with appropriatecatalyzers.This view naturally leads (inpart) to an intensified study oforganic catalysts in general andof the possible effects of chemicalagents in activating the productionof the complex catalystscharacteristic of the cell.In short, the borderland ofthe animate would be fascinating;but the "propagation" of apathological metabolic disturbance,whether as a "disease" ofa colony of bacteria or of amulticellular tissue or organismwould be no less stimulating ofresearch. The possible relationof bacteriophage studies to certain,at least, of the so-calledvirus diseases of animals andplants is obvious.Dr. Bronfenbrenner's work isa positive contribution, andamong other conclusions deduciblefrom it is this: Certain ofthe assumptions of d'Herelleare not substantiated, and someexact experimental evidence isafforded to challenge the viewthat "Bacteriophage" is anorganism.Dr. Stephen Walter Ranson,M. D., Ph. D.,—the author of"The Anatomy of the NervousSystem"—is now Professor ofNeuro-Anatomy at WashingtonUniversity in St. Louis. Hisposition was incorrectly given inthe advertisement of W. B.Saunders Company in our lastissue owing to the accidentalomission of the proof correctionsmade by the publisher.

In a somewhat similar mannerthe cod of the AtlanticCoast are being investigated.We are learning many importantthings about their lifejPAGE FOUR THE COLLECTING NETConservation Work ofBureau of Fisheries(Continued from Last lisue)history and their migrations.From 1923 to 1926, over 36,000Icod, haddock and pollock weretagged off the coast of NewEngland. Approximately 1600of these were recaptured. Therecan be no question that tl;e dataobtained will be of incalculablevalue if the time ever comeswhen it will be necessary to protectthese fisheries. Fortunatelythere is no evidence at thepresent time that depletion istaking place, but the great fishingbanks are being exploitedmore and more each year, notonly by the fishermen of theUnited States and Canada butalso by European fishermen.Division of Fish CultureVery early in its history thebureau undertook the propagationand distribution of themore important food and gamefishes. The hea,;est mortalityamong fishes occurs duringtheir early life. Just as thereis a greater death rate amongbabies than among older peopleso there is a greater death rateamong young fishes during thefirst few days or months oftheir lives. Artificial propagationis designed to eliminate thehazards of life in the earlystages of fish development.From asmall beginning thisservice has now come to be oneof the largest in the Bureau andannually millions of young fishare reared and distributed inthe interior and coastal watersof the United States. Duringthe years 1925 and 1926 theannual distribution of fish of allspecies and stages of developmenttotaled approximately5,232,000.000 and of these all butabout 108,000,000 were of directcommercial importance. In theproduction of this enormousnumber of young fish the Bureauoperated 70 separate fishcultural stations. An importantphase of this work has beenthe cooperation between the bureauand the various Stateswhich have thus far taken anactive interest in practical fishculture. Such cooperative workhas been varied in its nature,involving in some instancesjoint operations at egg-collectingstations, and frequent exchangeof eggs of various .speciesfor the convenient distributionof the resulting fish. Inother cases the bureau hasloaned its distribution cars toenable the States to quickly andjconomically distribute the fishfrom their hatcheries. In stillother cases the bureau has beenable to incubate fish eggs in itshatcheries acquired by Statesnot operating hatcheries, theresulting fry or fingerlings beingplaced at the disposal of theState officers. Further cooperativework has been carried onin conjunction with clubs andindividuals who have establishednurseries for rearing tolarger size fish furnished by thebureau. The net result has beento increase the fingerlings productionfor 1926 two fold overthat for 1925.In addition to the work ofpropagation, this division 'hasdeveloped methods of rescuingfish from the pools left by recedingriver waters followingspring floods. This work isconducted mainly in the upperMississippi Valley and about150,000,000 fish are rescuedeach year from pools wherethey would undoubtedly die andare returned to the main river.This is one of the most importantand popular features of thebureau's work in fish conservation.During the year 1922this work attained its greatestvolume in the number of fishhandled. A total of nearly180.000,000 fish was thus salvagedand either returned to theoriginal waters or delivered toapplicants for planl-ing in adjacentterritory.The salvagedfi.shes comprise practicallyeveiT useful species common inthis region. There is considerablefluctuation in the volumeof this work, which depends uponclimatic conditions and thestage of the river.The division of fish cultureand the division of scientific inquiryhave cooperated for anumber of years in the developmentand conservation of thefresh-water mussels of the MississippiValley. The shells ofthese mussels form the raw materialwhich is used in the manufactureof pearl buttons—anindu.stry of considerable importanceproducing an annual outputof about $7,000,000. Theyoung mussels during the firsttwo or three weeks of their livesare minute microscopic animals.During this stage of their existencethev live on the gills ofcertain fishes. It is necessarythat they find the proper hostfish soon after they are releasedfrom the narent or else theyperish. The young mussels dopractically no harm to the fishon which they are living andthe Bureau has aided the maintenanceof the supply of musselsby bringing the young musselsand the proper host fishes together.This work is donemainly in connection with therescue operations. At the timethe fish are taken from the poolsand before they are returned tothe river some are placed in atank of water in which enormousnumbers of the minutelarval forms of the mussels havebeen liberated. In a very fewminutes hundreds of these haveattached themselves to the fishwhich are then released. Intwo or three weeks the larvalmussels will free themselvesfrom the host and will drop intothe mud a;t the bottom of therivers and smaller streamswhere they may develop intoadult mussels of commercialsize.Division cf Fishery IndustriesThe activities of this divisionare directed along several lines;the gathering and study of fisherystatistics, collecting data onthe methods of the fisheries, andtechnological work looking towardthe improvement of methodsof preparation and merchandisingof the fishery productsand of the use of their byproducts.The importance of adequatefishery statistics in a programof conservation, can not be overestimated.It is only by the collectionand study of such statisticsthat the diminution inthe stock of fish may be detectedbefore it has progressed tosuch an extent that it is apparentto fishermen. In that eventit has already proceeded to sucha degree that a rehabilitationof the stock is very difficult, ifnot impossible. The division offishery industries attempts tocollect as complete statistics asis possible with its limited personneland funds. In order tocanvass the fisheries of theUnited States, it has been necessaryto divide the country intoa number of sections whichare canvassed at intervals offive or more years. The sectionsare as follows: The NewEngland states, the Middle Atlanticstates, the South Atlanticstates, the Gulf states, the Pacificstates, the Great Lakes andthe Mississippi River and tributaries.It is recognized that statisticscollected at such intervals arereally not adequate for conservationpurposes. In view ofthis fact, special systems of statisticshave been instituted forsome of the more importantfisheries, especially those of internationalcharacter. Theseconsist of statistics which arepublished monthly of vessellandings at the principal NewEngland ports, and at Seattle,Washington, and also annualcanvasses of the shad fisheriesin the Hudson and PotomacRivers. The statistics in allcases include information onthe number of men engaged andthe gear employed in order thatthe intensity of the fishing effortmay be evaluated. Suchdata are of great value and providethe only source of informationwhich we have of thepresent tendency of our fisheries.They foi-m the foundationon which must be based thepractical application of measuresfor conservation.Supplementing these statisticson landings of fish there isan annual report on the productionof canned fishery productsand by-products, and a monthlypublication of the amounts offish frozen and held in cold storage.The latter are collected bythe Department of Agriculturethrough its Bureau of AgriculturalEconomics. These serveto furnish information of valuein following the development ofthese two very important phasesof the fi.shing industries.The extent to which fisheryproducts may be made availableto the people of the country isdetermined to no small extentby the price paid by the ultimateconsumer. This price is determinedin part by the cost offishing operations and this inturn is determined in part by.the cost of gear. Within thepa.st few years the division offishery industries has conductedextensive investigations lookingtoward the improvement of netpreservatives. It has developeda method of prolonging the lifeof fish nets by means of a coppercompound which has foundconsiderable favor, and is beingused ratlher extensively. Fui--ther experiments are being conductedalong these lines.Studies of the basic principlesinvolved in the preservationof fish with salt have madepossible the successful saltingof fish at higher temperaturesand therefore in wanner climates.Such methods are noAV incommercial practice. Improvedmethods for freezing fish forstorage land transportation havebeen worked out. Such improvementswill tend to reducethe losses during shipment,which are wasteful of a valuablefood product and which arean important factor in increasingthe cost of fish to the consumer.Improved mpfhods havebeen developed for the canningof sardines which, it is believed,will make for a better pi-oduct;possibly produced at a lowerprice, and which will tend to reducethe waste of this valuablefish.These examples are illustrativeof the technological workof this division. The importanceof this work from theviewpoint of conservation liesin the fact that the developmentof better methods of handlingfishery products will preventunnecessary waste and will improvethe product and at the(Continued on Page 8)

:.THE COLLECTING NET PAGE FIVEOne Hundred DollarsFor Scholarship FundJames Harvey Robinson MakesContributionThe Collecting Net ScholarshipFund has received a mostwelcome donation in the formof a one-hudred-dollar checkfrom Mr. Roibinson. In makingthe gift he said that theirwere no strings attached to itand that his donation was madeas a token of appreciation tothe laboratory.The Scholarship Fund hasnow accumulated the sum of$155.00, for the contri'butionsTotal $155.00The Committee on Awardsmet at noon on Thursday andselected fifteen possible candidatesfor the two availablescholarships. An applicationblank has been mailed to eachof the candidates, and upontheir return a careful study willbe made by the committee whichmade up by those in chargeisof each of the five classes.INSTRUCTIONSIN NAVIGATIONThe following directions havebeen taken from the governmentbeen taken from the GovernmentTide Book:Woods Hole is a narrowpassage leading between numerousledges and shoals from VineyardSound to Buzzards Bay,between the mainland and NonamessetIsland. It is wellmarked by buoys and beacons,but the tidal currents are sostrong that the passage is dangerouswithout some local knowledge.The buoys in the narrowestpart of the channel are frequentlytowed under by the currents.A stranger should notattempt topass through exceptnear slack water. Woods Holeis little used as an anchorage onaccount of the strong tidal currentsand the narrow channel.Great and Little Harbors are onthe noi'thern side.The northerly channel inWoods Hole from Great Harborto Buzzards Bay has a narrowbut straight reach and wasdredged 300 feet wide and 13feet deep, but there are numerousspots with 10 to 12 feet overthem. Another channel, Broadway,was dredged 300 feet wideand 11 feet deep, but it necessitatesa sharp turn ; the straightreach should be given the preferenceon account of the difficultyin making the turn in thestrong currents. The deepestdraft using the passage are localsteamers of 11 feet draft.Nobska Point, on the easternside of the approach to WoodsHole, is a low bluff marked by alighthouse (white tower withcovered way to a dwelling)Storm warning displays aremade near the lighthouse.Ledges, partly bare at low water,extend 150 yards southwestwardfrom the point.Little Harbor is the easternmostof the two coves in thenorth shore of the passage. Achannel 150 feet wide and 12feet deep has been dredged tothe wharf of the lighthouse depot,which is on the western {side of the cove, and a turninglisted below have been receivedbasin 400 feet wide and 10 toDr. James Harvey Robinson $100.00 12 feet deep in front of theMrrs. Annie Nathan Meyer 10.00 wharf. Small craft can anchorDr. Ralph Cole 10.00 off or above the wharf, favoringAnonymous 25.00 the western side, in 7 to 12 feet.Anonymous 10.00The dredged channel is markedby buoys, the course is markedharbor through it is 351° true(N 1/2 E mag.).Great Ledge is an extensiverocky shoal, awash at extremelow water, between the entrancesto Little and Great Harbors. Ared gas buoy marks its southwestside.Nonamesset Shoal is partlybare at low water, has depths of10 to 13 feet near its edge, andextends 400 to 500 yards eastwardfrom the island on thewestern side of the entrance toGreat Harbor. The shoal ismarked at its southeasterly endby a black bell buoy, and on itseasterly side by a black buoy.Great Harbor has an anchorageat the head about 14 rni^elong and nearly l^ mile wide;its depth is irregular, rangingfrom 3V2 to 12 fathoms in thechannel, and the holding groundis mostly poor. On the easternside of the harbor is the wharfand depot of the New York, NewHaven & Hartford Railroad;and above this is the wharf,basin and large buildings of theUnited States Fish Commission,which are prominent when enteringfrom southward. Shoalswith 5 to 9 feet over them extend400 yards from the northwesterlyend of the harbor.There is good anchorage 200yards northwestward of thecurrent and time of slack waterare affected by strong winds.At either entrance to WoodsHole the velocity of the currentat strength is nearly 1 knot.In the upper part of GreatHarbor, near the Fish Commissionwharf, the currents arebarely perceptible and vesselsat anchor lie head to the wind.Ice.—^The strong tidal currentsusually keep Great Harboropen. Drift ice is broughtthrough from Buzzards Bay,but seldom interferes with navigation,except in unusually(Continued on Page 11)ANOTHER TRIUMPH INMICROSCOPE CONSTRUCTIONTHE NEWSPENCERCOMBINATION BINOCULARand MONOCULAR BODYTWO IN ONEChanges from binocular to monocularvision and vice versa as easily andquickly as from one objective to anotheron a nosepiece.With the new Combination body allthe possibilities of both eyes—greaterbrilliancy of field, critical resolutionand definition, ease and comfort ofvision, stereoscopic effect, etc.— 'are atthe command of the operator.SponcerMioroBoopeNo. 7HwithCoIIltliu.lttODBodyIt is no longer necessary to botherwith two tubes.SPENCER LENS COMPANY^^ . .^^Manufacturers .^^*T*—*->..fsPENCERi Microscopes, Microtomes, Delineascopes, Optical fsPEfi'-l?]'Glass, Optical Measuring Instruments,Dissecting Instruments, Etc.BUFFALO, N. Y.BRANCHES: NEW YORK, BOSTON, (CHICAGO, SAN FRANCISCOThe BNAArranged as an Outline ofRegional and Systematic AnatomyA Contribution to the Science and Teaching of AnatomyBYVictor E. EnamelProfessor of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of IllinoisLaboratory Guest at The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and BiologyREVISED SECOND EDITIONThe Basle Amatomical Nomenclature (the BNA) has been preeminentlysuccessful in the elimination of appro.ximately 45,000 unnecessarysynonyms for the macroscopic structures of the humanbody, and has consequently become an international anatomiclanguage.This list of some 6000 terms, intended for common use in the medical•schools, was arranged on the basis of systematic human anatomy.It appears obvious, however, that, from the standpoint of practicalanatomy, a regional arrangement of these terms in conjunction withtheir systematic taibulation would greatly increase the usefulness ofthe BNA.With this objective in mind, the present systematic BNA has beenexpanded to include a correlated regional arrangement of anatomicalterras—an arrangement based upon the sequence in which the structuresindicated Iby these terms may be exposed and demonstrated tothe naked eye in actual dissection—^thus securing a direct associationof the term with the visualization of the structure to which it refers.Although a minimum encroachment upon individual initiative isevaluated as a do-minant objective to be sought, concise statementsare given for the more difficult incisions and dissections involved inthe demonstration of the structures listed. The order in which thereg'ions are deMt with is based upon a sequence which facilitatesobsei-vation of those structural relationships of greatest practicalsigTiificance. The work consequently contitutes a basis for a directcorrelation of anatomical terminology and structure in the practicalstudy of the cadaver and presents a resume of regional and systematicanatomy for anatomical and clinical reference.This book of about 250 pages, illustrated with twelve plates andfigures in delineation of surface anatomy and surface projections ofthe skeleton, will ibe ready September 15, 1927. Price, $3.50, boundin cloth.ADDRESSTHE WISTAR INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY AND BIOLOGYThirty-sixth Street and Woodland Avenue : : : : Philadelphia, Pa.

I::;!;——;—;—PAGE SIX THE COLLECTING NETThe Collecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine BiologricalLaboratory and of Woods Hole ingeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSof Anatomy,Robert Chambers, Prof,Cornell University Medical School.Edwin G. Conklin, Prof, of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of Zoology,Yale University.EDITORIAL STAFFWare CattellEditorHugh Montgomery Art EditorMrs. L. V. Heilbrunn. .General NewsHelen S. Morris General NewsJack FoggSport NewsBusiness StaffKatharine Underwood. .. .Bus. Man.Use MichaelisAsst. Bus. Man.(Application for entry as second-classmatter is pending.)The Universal PressNew Bedford Woods HoleMassachusettsThe Woods Hole ChoralSocietyThe Woods Hole Choral Societywon for itself many friendson Monday evening when itpresented its first annual concert.There are, however, achoral singing."The rehearsalsof the Choral Society are heldtwice a week after the conclusionof the evening lecture and thusthey conflict in no way withlaboratory work.We shall go a step furtherthan the modesty of Dr. Linton—who is president of the society—permittedsufficient excuseand reason for the existtenceof this society is alonefurnished by the real enjoymentand pleasure that it will give toothers. Those who attendedMonday's concert will vouchfor this statement.Dr. Arata Terao arrived onAugust 10 to carry on work a.sa n independent investigator.Dr. Terao is professor of Zoologyat the Imperial FisheriesInstitute in Tokyo, Japan.Ode to Drosophila(Tune:— "Maryland, mij Marijland.")Buried up for countless ages in the sea and mud and .slime.Then Washed up upon the seashore comes our fossil Turpentine.Chorus : Oh, my solid, oh, my golden,Oh, my amber Tui-pentine.Put you in my lady's necklace.Then you'll be both hers and mine.limited number of individualsInvertebratesat the laboratory who feel that Invertebrates are every^vhere—afresh water, land, and sea;its organization is not waranted.To us it seems a commend-You even find them in the air in great variety.Chorus: There is rest—there is restable undertaking. As Dr. Lintonso well says: "there are aiSweet restPoor invertebrates, they soon will restgoodly number of people in thecommunity who derive a great The lightning-bug is a funny bug; he doesn't know his mind;He flies about this world of ours with his headlight on behind.deal of pleasure from choralsinging, and who are willing to Chorus :tlevote a part of the time which Oh, Hydra is a greedy beast—of that there is no questionthey would, and should, give toHe will eat ten times his weight at least, and he won't getindigestion.recreation to the practice ofChorus :Mosquitoes haven't any sense, as far as I can seeThey pass the nice fat people by and stick their beaks in me.Chorus :The rotifer he lives alone, but oh, what fame is his,As an unsuspecting case of phylopaedogenesis.ChorusThe butterfly has wings of gold, the firefly wings of flameThe bedbug has no wings at all, but he gets there just the same.ChorusThe tapeworm shuns the outside world ; he's free from care andstrifeHe knows the advantageousness of parasitic life.ChorusHis food is predigested, stored outside his body-wallThat's fortunate, for he has no digestive tract at all.ChorusI always thought that fleas were black, but now I do not knowFor Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow.ChorusThe centipede must hate to walk, for when he moves aroundHe has to lift a hundred feet and place t'hem on the ground.ChorusDR. FISH TELLS OFKARTABO LABORATORYIN BRITISH GUIANADrosophila, Drosophila, enshrined within thy lactic jar,What variations there are seen—red, barred, balloon, and eosin; Last Wednesday in the Auditorium,Dr. H. D. Fish intro-What strange proportions in they race.When non-disjunction takes its place;duced some of us and "revisited"Yet from them many a formula we learn to know, Drosophila. with others the magic realms ofBritish Guiana. His preliminaryapologies for the repetitionDrosophila, Drosophila, thou dipterous philosopher.Within thy macrohromosomes, how many pangenes have their of his subject and its lack ofhomes ?serious, scientific savour wereThy spermic cells, muscid elf.hardly necessary, for most ofTeach me the secrets of myself.us were glad to sit quietly andAnd Life's deep problems buried are, within thy cells. Drosophila. travel through sunlit seas and* * *impassible jungles without theconventional accompaniment- ofTurpentinegraphs, figures and statistics.(Tune: "Clementine.")The slides were beautiful andoften amusing, as in the case ofIn a pine-tree, in the barrens, overgrown with poison-vine,the "Mona Lisa" sloth. Dr. FishGrows a substance soft and gummy, and its name is Turpentine.succeeded in making his SouthChorus : Oh, my sticky, oh, my gummy,American field appear a place ofOh, my oily Turpentineinterest and promise. Here isI will put you in my bottle,the land of virgin forestThen I know that you'll be mine.growths, where there are approximately3000 species ofIn the ages called Cretaceous, dripping from the bark of pine trees, only three hundred ofCatching gnats, bugs, and mosquitoes, grew some sticky which have been identified. HereTurpentine.insect life takes beautiful andfantastic forms which are myriadin number, here the Chorusnativewomen are ancient and witheredat the age of forty-five, herebamboo grows at an average ofeleven inches a day. Here, also,the sun seems ever to set in amist of glory while the moonsails through cloud seas oversapphire waves.Dr. Fish, after stressing theunlimited possibilities for researchin this virgin field ofBritish Guiana, made a ratherimpassioned plea for the interestof the audience in his projectof sending students here to carryon and increase the researchesnow going on, and seemed confidentof being able to securethe financial cooperation of commercialorganizations interestedin developing the resourcesand limiting the drawbacks oflife in the tropics.It sounded very tempting.Wethought that we would like tosee the armadillo, "dillowing inits armor", the traveller's palmthat always points north-south,the falls whose rebound is greaterthan the entire height of Niagara,and the sun setting overthe Kartabo Laboratory. Butwhen we thought of the darkywho floated his raft upstreamwhen the tide ran up and anchoredwhen it ran down, and soproceeded upstream "all in thecourse of nature", we wonderedhow much research we wouldaccomplish beneath the tropic•sun. And the thought of amess serving monkey meat cooledour ardor. However, weagree with Dr. Fish that anyoneanxious to go and ta;;kle the innumerableproblems whichawait the scientist in this cornerof the earth, sftould receiveall the assistance that can beobtained.

:——THE COLLECTING NET PAGE SEVENWEATHER SIGNSmorning, bad weather, or muchwind, perhaps rain; a grey skyin the morning, fine weather;high dawn, wind; low dawn,fair weather.A high dawn is when the firstindications of daylight are seenabove a bank of clouds. A lowdawn is when the day breaks onor near the horizon, the firststreaks of light being very lowdown.Soft-looking or delicate cloudsforetell fine weather, with moderateor light breezes; hardedged,oily-looking clouds, wind.A dark, gloomy, blue sky iswindy; but a light, bright-bluesky indicates fine weather.almost exactly.Small inky-looking cloudsforetell rain; light scud cloudsdriving across heavy massesshow wind and rain; but ifalone may indicate wind only.High upper clouds crossingthe sun, moon, or stars in a directiondifferent from that ofthe lower clouds, or the windthen felt below, foretell a changeof wind.BY THE MOONLIGHTThe nereis, the nereis'By moonlip.'ht "tows delirious:'He fills the sea .With progeny,!Now insn't that mysterious?Olga Marx.THREE-IN-ONEMichondria and chomosomes.Round vacuoles and nuclei,Upon their propoplasmic seaIn solemn state go floating byIn this dam cell.dash of Houbigant's Ideal,A flashiiiK and coquettish eye.Fair cheeks, rouged lips, and powderednose.All pass in frou-frou quickly byIn this damsel.Now that I've found I've flunked thecourse,And that girl will homeward fly,I rail at fate; filled with remorseI cuss, I gi-owl, I pine, I sighThey're both dam sells.pH. D.After fine, clear weather, thefirst signs in the sky of a comingchange are usually lightThe following notes concerningweather prediction arestreaks, curls, wisps, or mottledpatches of white distant clouds,gleaned from Eldriges Tide andwhich increase, and are followedby an overcasting of murkyPilot BookWhether clear or cloudy, a vapour that grows into cloudiness.This appearance, morerosy sky at sunset presages fineweather; and a red sky in theor less oily, or watery, as windor rain will prevail is an infalliblesign.Light, delicate, quiet tints orcolors with soft, undefinedforms of clouds, indicate and accompanyfine weather ; butgaudy or unusual hues, withhard, definitely outlined clouds,foretell rain, and probablystrong wind.When seabirds fly out earlyand far to seaward, moderatewind and fair weather may beexpected. When they hangabout the land, or over it, sometimesflying inward, expect astrong wind, with stormyweather. As many creaturesbeside birds are afl'ected by theapproach of rain or wind, such(Generally, the softer the cloudslook, the less wind (but perhapsmore rain) may be expected;and the harder, more "greasy,"rolled, tufted, or ragged, thestronger the coming wind willprove. Also, a bright yellow skyat sunset presages wind; a paleyellow, wet; and thus by theprevalence of red, yellow, orgrey tints, the coming weatherif not wind, to be expected.may be foretold very nearly More than usual twinkling ofindeed, if aided by instruments,the stars, indistinctness or apparentmultiplication of themoon's horns, haloes, "winddogs"(fragments or pieces ofindications should not be slightedby an observer who wishesto foresee weather.Remarkable clearness ofiatmosphere near the horizon,distant objiects, such as hills,unusually visible, or raised (byrefraction), and what is called"a good hearing day," may bementioned among signs of wet,sometimes calledrainbows,"wind-galls") seen on detachedclouds, and the rainbow, aremore or less significant of increasingwind, if not approachingrain, with or without wind.Lastly, the dryness or dampnessof the air, and its temperature(for the season) shouldalways be considered with otherindications of change, or continuanceof wind and weather.The Kny-Sheerer Corporationhas recently moved to largerand much more convenientlysituated quarters in New YorkCity. Their address is now:10-14 West 23th Street, NewYork, N. Y.At the end of last month Dr.Edwin G. Conklin took a shortlecture trip. At Columbia Universityhe delivered two lectures:(1) "Heredity versus environmentin human progress""Some common miscon-and (2)ceptions regarding evolution."Before returning to Woods HoleDr. Conklin was a guest of theMount Desert Biological Laboratorywhere he gave a talk onthe evolution conti'oversy in theUnited States.THESCIENTIFICMONTHLYFOR AUGUSTTHE HISTORY OF THE ALPHABET. Professor Ingo W. D.Hackh 97SPIRITUAL VALUES IN SCIENCE. Professor Victor E.Levine 119PHYSICAL LAWS AND SOCIAL PHENOMENA. Dr. R. B.Lindsay 127CREDULITY VERSUS SCIENTIFIC DEMONSTRATION. T.SWANN Harding 133SOME STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF LIVINGNESS. ProfessorD. Fraser Harris 139THE UNFIT SURVIVE. Dr. Herbert Maynard Diamond 144SCIENCE AND RELIGION. Professor I. W. Howerth 151A SUMMER ON LOGAN RIVER. Professor James G. Needham 162TRANSATLANTIC TELEPHONY. Dr. Frank B. Jewett 170THE SABER-TOOTH TIGER. W. A. Spalding 182THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE:How Big can a Star be? The Unseen Life of the Soil; theContribution of Scientific Men to American Independence;Alessandro Volta 183THE SCIENCE PRESSLANCASTER, PA.—GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,N. Y. CITY—GARRISON, N. Y.Yearly Subscription $5.00 Single Copies 50 centsPAGE PROOFOF THETEXTBOOKOFGENERAL ZOOLOGYBYWINTERTON C.CURTISProfessor of Zoology, University of MissouriANDMARY J. GUTHRIEAssociate Professor of Zoology,University of MissotiriMAY NOW BE EXAMINED IN THE M. B. L.READY September 1st.NEW YORKLIBRARYJOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.London :CHAPMAN & HALL, Limited1927

—PAGE EIGHT THE COLLECTING NETConservation Work ofBureau of Fisheries(Continued from Page 4)same time tend to lower theprice. If the true conserva*:ionof our fisheries includes theirfull utilization, these are mattersof no little importance.They do not tend, under ordinarycircumstances, to reducethe strain on a fishei-y resourcebut they do make possibli. afuller utilization of those fisheryproducts available.Alaska Servicepersonnel which in the activefishing seasons is augmented bya considerable force of temporaryemployees. A fleet of patrolvessels is maintained andother vessels a.-e chartered whennecessary for patrol work.The fur seals in which theUnited States is directly intei--ested make their home duringthe summer on the PribilofIslands, Bering Sea, Alaska.Here the young are born andcared for until they are strongenough to take to the ocean andtravel with their parents on thelong winter migration to thesouthward. Although a fewother small herds of fur sealsexist both in the North Pacificand in the Antarctic it is probablethat the Pribilof Islandsherd comprises nearly 90 percent of all the fur seals in theworld. This herd came underthe control of the United Statesat the time Ala.ska was purchasedfrom Russia in 1867.From 1870 to 1910 the right totake seals on these islands wasleased by the Government toprivate cornorations. In 1910,however, the Government assumedentire control of operationsat the islands and sincethat time the administration ofthis interesting and valuableresource has been in the handsof the Bureau of Fisheries.A most serious evil threateningthe sealing industry someyears ago was pelagic sealing.This means tne killing of sealswhile they are in the water. Itis destructive alike of males andfemales. It is economicallywasteful in that a large proportionof the seals killed are notsecured and the skins are accordinglylost. After the youngare born and while they are stillon the islands nourished bytheir mother's milk, eachmother seal killed while at seafor food, means the loss of anotherseal, its pup, which is lefton the islands to starve. InThe administration of thefisheries in the United States isvested for the most part in theseveral states, but the fisheriesof Alaska are under the directsupervision of the federal government.While these fisheries into between the United States,1911 a convention was enteredhave been made the subject of Great Britain, Japan and Russiawhich prohibited this waste-Congressional legislation fromtime to time over a period of ful and cruel practice. Throughmany years, it was not until the effective patrol maintained1924 that legislation designed by the United States Coastto meet fully the requirements Guard supplemented in southeasternAlaska by patrol vesselswas enacted. The Act of Congressapproved June 6, 1924, of the Alaska service, the PribilofIslands fur seals are fullyprovided comprehensive legislationfor the regulation and protected at sea. The killing ofconservation of the fisheries of seals on the islands is carriedAlaska and broadened very on under the careful supervisiongreatly the authority of the of the Bureau's experts. OnlySecretary of Commerce to promulgateregulations to meet these there is always an excess,the young males are killed. Oflocal and changing conditions. since the fur seal is highly polygamous,so that the herd is freeThis legislation has broughtabout the control of the fisheries to increase at its normal rate ofalong scientific and economic grovd;h. Computation of thelines and the beneficial re?ults number of seals is made eachare clearly apparent. The laws year while they are at the islandsand the beneficial resultsand regulations are enforced bymembers of the bureau's Alaska of this care is shown by the factthat the seal population has increasedfrom about 132,000 in1910 to 761,000 in 1926.Additional information on theactivities of the Bureau of Fisheriesmay be obtained from theAnnual Reports of the Commissionerof Fisheries or from theAnnual Reports of the variousdivisions and of the Alaska service.Dr. Rudolf Bennitt, formerlyinstructor in biology at TuftsCollege has been appointed associateprofessor of zoology atthe University of Missouri "nextfall. Dr. Leonard P. Saylesfrom Norwich University willreplace Dr. Bennit at Tufts College.THE ARISTOCRATThe stiffest thing in all the Lab.Humans apart—is the Horse-shoeCrab.His aristocratic pretensions are ris:ht,For he traces his line to a TrilobiteWho swam in the Mezozoic SeasSo kow-tow to the Horse-shoe Crab,if you please.And his blood is blue; so scientistssayHe was rich in copper, and pot thatv.ay. pH. D.WHALING INDUSTRYWiLL BE SUBJECT OFLECTURE AND MOVIEFor those whose imaginationsare stirred by brave tales of thesea and the men who follow it, atreat has been prepared by TheCoUecting Net. Mr. ChesterScott Rowland, lecturer andthe son of an old New Bedfordwhaling captain, will give a lectureillustrated by moving picturesof his own making. Thetheme is of those "ancientmariners" of New Bedford andNantucket whose vessels sailedthe seven seas in search of fortune,the "praying deacons"who left their Cape Cod plowsharesat the age of fourteen toanswer the call of the sea, ofthe women who worked andwaited sometimes as long asseven years for their ships tocome in, of rigging and harpoons,the toll of the sea, andthe lore of whalers and whalingways. The pictures are extremelyinteresting and showthe methods of whaling beforethe romance of the windjammergave way to the progress ofsteel, and the whale-oil lamp tothe incandescent bulb. Besidesthe reels there will be slidesmade from old pictures of whalingmethods, and extracts fromthe logs of old whaling vessels.The lecture will be given at8:15. There will be an admissionfee of fifty cents for nonreservedseats and a dollar forreserved seats, the proceeds ofthe performance to be added tothe Scholarship Fund.CENTRIFUGESINTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO,352 Western Ave., Boston, Mass.These Centrifuges were developed to meet, in a practicalway, the varied requirements of many laboratories. Theyare made in several sizes, with capacities ranging fromtwo tubes of 15 ml. each to ten cups of 1500 ml. each,and with relative centrifugal forces up to 3800 timesgravity.BulletinsSizes.CI and C2 describe the most used LaboratoryW C DAVIS-COMPANYHOME FURNISHERSFALMOUTH MASSBUSCHGLYPTAR OBJECTIVESare perfectly corrected anastigmats adapted to specialphoto-micrographic purposes and examination of objectsrequiring considerable depth of focus.Focal lengthPrice, eachEach objective is provided with an iris diaphragm.PALO COMPANYApparatus for Industrial and Laboratory Use55nim.$21.00153 WEST 23RD STREET NEW YORK, N. Y.Sa

THE COLLECTING NETPAGE NINETHE TALEOF ANANCIENTMARINER4,000 FEET OFMOTION PICTURESAlong with an authentic and entertainingtalk given by the son of an old renownedNew Bedford Whaling Captain.FOR THE BENEFIT OF€f)e CoUectins MttA dramatic rehearsal of the stirring andtragic events which were a part of the livesof the undaunted New England Whalemenof a century ago.It portrays this now forgotten saga of thesea . The story from its sudden initial interestto the dying of the final splendid oceansunset scene will intensely grip and thrill you.Its romance, its historical and educationalvalue, its strong appeal to your every aestheticsense will prove a revelation to you.MEN AND WOMENAND CHILDREN, TOOReserve Wednesday Eve.,Aug. 24, for This ShowTestedTradepPurityMark"E & A CHEMICALS" AREBETTER CHEMICALSFor over 70 years ithas been our business to KNOW the products ofthe foremost chemical manufacturers here and abroad and to KNOWwherein each excels. By applying rigid tests in our laboartory weselect from their best offerings to maintain the most complete chemicalstock in America.Exacting _chemists have long specified "E. & A. Tested Purity Reagents"for analysis. Many insist upon having "E. & A." label onall their chemicals. They KNOW why.Quality, service and price will please if on your next order you demand"E. & A. Chemicals."EIMER & AMENDEstablished 1851 Incorporated 1897Headquarters for Laboratory Apparatus and ChemicalsNEW YORK, N. Y. Third Ave., 18th to 19th StreetTurtox Biology MaterialsThe Six Turtox Catalogs describeMODELSMICROSCOPE SLIDESLANTERN SLIDESSKELETONSMUSEUM PREPARATIONSAPPARATUS AND INSTRUMENTSLIVE AND PRESERVED SPECIMENSWrite for Your Catalogs TodayFor Botany, Zoology and EmbryologyThe Sign of the Turtox Pledges Absolute SatisfactionGENERAL BIOLOGICAL SUPPLY HOUSEChic(Incorporated)761-763 East Sixty-Ninth PlaceCataloguesOn RequestSINCE 1852MAKERS OFIllinoisMicroscopes and AccessoriesMicrotomesProjection ApparatusPhotomicrographic CamerasField GlassesBotanical ApparatusPhotographic LensesCentrifugesHaetnocytometersSpectrometersRefractometersColorimetersOther Optical ProductsBausch & Lomb Optical Co.Main Office and Factory: Rochester, N. Y.New York: Park and 42nd Sts. Chicago: 5 No. Wabash Ave.Boston: 333 Washington St. San Francisco: 28 Geary St.

::PAGE TENFITZROY'S BAROMETERINSTRUCTIONSThe following notes on foretellingthe weather with a FitzroyBarometer appeared inEldridge's Tide and Pilot BookThe words on scales of barometersshould not be so muchregarded for weather indicationsas the rising or fallingofthe mercury; for it is stand atchangeable (29.50), and thenrise towards fair (30.00), itpresages a change of wind orweather, though not so great asif the mercury had risen higher; and, on the contrary, if themercury stand above fair andthen fall, it presages a change,though not to so great a degreeas if it had stood lower :besidewhich, the direction and forceof wind are not in any waynoticed.It is not from the point atwhich the mercury may standthat we are alone to form a judgmentof the state of the weather,but from its rising or fallingand from the movements of immediatelypreceding days aswell as hours, keeping in mindeffects of change of direction,and dryness, or moisture, as wellas alteration of force or strengthof wind.It should always be rememlberedthat the state of the air foretellscoming weather, ratherthan shows the weather thas ispresent— (an invaluable facttoo often overlooked) —^that thelonger the time between thesigns and the change foretoldby them, the longer such alteredweather will last; and, on thecontrary, the less the time betweena warning and a change,the shorter will be the continuanceof such foretold weather.If the barometer has beenabout its ordinary height, saynear thirty inches at the sealevel,and is steady on rising,while the thermometer falls, anddampness becomes less—northwesterly,northerly, or northeasterly wind, or less wind, lessrain or snow may be expected.On the contrary, if a fall takesplace with a rising thermometerand increased dampness, windand rain may be expected fromthe south-eastward, southward,or south-westward.A fall with low thermometerforetells snow.When the barometer is ratherbelow its ordinary height, saydown to near twenty-nine inchesand a half (at sea-level), a riseforetells less wind, or a changein its direction towards thenorthward—or less wet: butwhen it has been very low, abouttwenty-nine inches, the firstTHE COLLECTING NETrisingusually precedes or indicatesstrong wind—at times heavysqualls—from the north-westward,northward or north-eastward;after which violence agradually rising glass fortellsimproving weather, if thethermometer falls; but ifthe warmth continue, probablythe wind will back (shift againstthe sun's course), and moresoutherly or south-westerly windwill follow, especially if thebarometer is sudden.The most dangerous shifts ofwind, or the heaviest northerlygales, happen soon after thebarometer first rises from a verylow point; or, if the wind veersgradually, at some time afterwards.Indications of approachingchange of weather, and the directionsand force of winds, areshown less by the height of thebarometer than by itsfalling orrising. Nevertheless, a heightof more than thirty (30.0)inches (at the level of the sea)is indicative of fine weather andmoderate Avinds, except fromeast to north occasionally.A rapid rise of the barometerindicates unsettled weather; aslow movement the contrary; as,likewise, a steady barometer,which, when continued, andwith dryness, foretells very fineweather.A rapid and considerable fallis a sign of stormy weather, andrain or snow. Alternate risingand sinking indicates unsettledand threatening weather.The greatest depressions ofthe barometer are with galesfrom S. E., S. or S. W., thegreatest elevations with windfrom N. W., N. or N. E., or withcalm.A sudden fall of the barometer,with a westerly wind, issometimes followed by a violentstorm from N. W., or N. or N.E.If a gale sets in from the E.or S. E. and the wind veers bythe South, the barometer willcontinue falling until the windis near a marked change, whena lull may occur ; after which thegale will soon be renewed pei--haps suddenly and violently, andthe veering of the wind towardsthe N. W., N. or N. E., will beindicated by a rising of thebarometer, with a fall of thethei'mometer.After very warm and calmweather a storm or squall, withrain, may follow; likewise at anytime when the atmosphere isheated much above the usualtemperature of the season.To know the state of the airnot only the barometer andthermometer, but appearance ofthe sky should be vigilantlywatched.New College Texts inBiologyImportant Revisions of a Successful Text and Manual forthe Elementary CourseFoundations of Biology, Third EditionBy Lorande Loss Woodruff, Professor of Biologyin Yale University.Published July 19th, 8vo, 5i6 pages $3.50The revision of this widely used text representsnot only the addition of much material coveringrecent advances in the science, but also a repolishingof the older material, the addition ofmany new figures, and a new chapter emphasizingthe signifiance of biological knowledge forhuman welfare.Manual of Biological Forms, Revised Edition.By George A. Baitsell, Associate Professor ofBiology in Yale University.Published July 19th, 8vo, Jfll pages $2.50A successful manual for the general biology orzoology course, covering a wide range of animaland plant forms. In this revised edition muchnew material has been added and a number ofthe laboratory exercises have been rewritten.Especially adapted for use with Woodruff:Foundations of Biology, Third Edition, but suitablefor other texts asjyvell.Teachers of College Biologywill gladly be sent examinationcopies en request toTHE MACMILLAN COMPANY60 FIFTH AVENUE NEV/ YORK CITYLABORATORY APPARATUSandSUPPLIESOur General Laboratory and Museum Supplies Include:Scientific Apparatus and Instruments, Chemicals, AnatomicalModels, Osteological Preparations, NaturalHistory Specimens and Preparations, Wall Charts,Museum and Naturalists' Supplies, Glass Jars,Miscroscopes and Accessories.Biological and General Laboratory SuppliesTHE KNY-SCHEERER CORPORATIONOF AMERICADept. of Natural Science,G. 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:::THE COLLECTING NET PAGE ELEVENInstructions in Navigation(Cuntmued on Page 5)severe winters, when it mayclose the entrance from thatbay.The following directions aregood for vessels of 10 feet draftwith slack water in Woods HoleApproaching from eastward,pass about 14 i^ile southward ofNobska Point and Coffin Rockbuoy on a west-southwesterlycourse; or, from Nobska Pointgas and bell buoys, steer 279°true (WNW mag.) until on theGreat Harbor range. Fromwestward give the south side ofthe Elizabeth Islands a berth ofabout 1/2 mile, and steer forNobska Point lighthouse on anybearing northward of 51° true(NE by E % E mag.) untilabout •5). mile from it and onthe Great Harbor range.Steer 345° true (N mag.) onthe Great Harbor range (twolights on the Fish Commissionwharf) , and pass about 150yards eastward of NonamessetShoal bell buoy, about 50 yardswestward of the red gas buoymarking Great Ledge, and about50 yards eastward of the blackbuoy off the eastern side of NonamessetShoal.When nearly up with ParkerFlats buoy, a red buoy and ablack buoy will be seen closewestward, the red buoy lyingjust southward of Grassy IslandLedge light (a spindle with lantern).Turn shai'ply westward,pass midway between thesebuoys on a 257° true (W Vs Nmag.) course, and pass about200 feet northward of a blackcan buoy and about 100 feetnorthward of a black spar buoy(lying close northward of MiddleLedge light) . When pastthe latter buoy bring MiddleLedge light astern on a 284°true (NW by W 14 W mag.)course, heading for the northend of Uncatena Island, untilthe red buoy off Long Neckis about 100 yards distant andin range with the western sideof Long Neck, bearing 14° true(NNE by W Vo mag.). Thensteer 330° true (N by W % Wmag.) , which will lead intoBuzzards Bay about 250 yardseastward of the black bell buoyoff Naushon Point Shoal.Vessels of 7 feet or less draftcan pass 300 yards southwestwardof Nobska Point and steer290° true (NW by W mag.) .soas to pass about 200 yardssouthward of Juniper Point,leaving Coflfin Rock buoy wellto the southward and the redbuoy off Juniper Point about100 yards to the eastward. Thensteer 333° true (N by W Vk Wmag.) for the end of the FishCommission wharf until nearlyup to Parker Flats buoy, and ifgoing through into BuzzardsBay, follow the directions in thepreceding paragraph.ANNUAL WATER SPORTSPROVIDE ENTERTAINMENT(Continued from Page 1)A complete summary of theevents followsBoys' Race: under 12 years—Winner:Stephen Bradley; Second: SimonWilson.Girls' Race: under 12 years—^Winner:Doris Draper; Second: JaneRogers.Junior Boys' Dive—Winner: S.Bradley; Second: U. Bradley.Junior Girls' Dive—Winner: IsabelleMorgan; Second: Ruth Rogers.Boys' Race: under 16—Winner:Fairfield Dana; Second: BernardHolman.Girls' Race: under 16-—Winner:Alice Jigger, Second: Isabelle Morgan.Boys' Tub Race—Winner: JohnFaggi; Second: George Duggar.Girls' Tub Race—Winner: DorisDraper; Second: Betty Cool .Senior Boys' Race (50 yards)—Winner: Dick Warbasse; Second:Pete Warbasse. Time: 26 seconds.Senior Girls' Race (50 yards)—Winner: Hilda Wilson; Second; DorothyDana. Time: 27 seconds.Senior Boys' Dive—Winner: DickWarbasse; Second: H. Field and 0.Bradley tied.Senior Girls' Dive—Winner: HildaWilson; Second: Dorothy Dana.Boys' Race (220 yards) Winner:Dick Warbasse; Second: Bob Stabler.Girls' Race (220 yards) Winner:Hilda Wilson; Second: Isabelle Morgan.Mens' Relay„Race—Penzance-Naushon (P. Warbasse, Russell,Allen, D. Warbasse) defeated Invertebrates(Lovell, Abell, Pickett,Stabler.)Reminiscences oftheFish Commission(Continued from Page 2)In July of the following yearthere was another flurry in theDepartment of Health arisingfrom complaint of wormy butterfish,I was sent again to interviewthe authorities. Thisinterview took place on July 5,1916. I found a very differentset of men in charge from thosewhom I had encountered the previousyear. My interview waswith Mr. Lucius Polk Brown,Head of the Department of Foodand Drugs. He was of such adifferent type from that whichI had associated with New YorkHealth officials, that, after thevery satisfactory interview wasconcluded, I asked him whatpart of the country he camefrom. He said that he was aTenesseean. The memory ofthis genail and sensible soul offsetsin some degree the bad reputationwhich rests upon hisnative State in matters whichrelate to an open mind.The example furnished byProfessor Baird in bringing theintelligent attention of Congressto scientific methods of inquiryshould not be forgotten.That the endeavor to wrestthe truth from our surroundingsbe not palsied by the belligerentforces of traditionalism mustbe the concern of all who arestriving for that freedom whichthe reward of those who seekthe truth.isand findHardware I'aints and VanilshesCHARLES T. EASTMANFAI.,MOlITH, MANS.IMione OrdtTS Promptly DeliveredTel. 407Kitchen Furniahinfc'sGlenwood RangoHRIDE THE BUSTO FALMOUTHIt costs less than todrive your own car.B. R. NICKERSONWOODS HOLE, MASS.VisitCape Cod's LargestDepartment StoreH. MALCHMAN&BRO.Thos. Malchman, Prop.CLOTHIERS, HATTERSand FURNISHERSMain StreetTelephoneConnectionFalmouthBeach Party?FRESH ROLLSBACONSAUSAGESTEAKS andCHOPSEVERYTHINGQUICK SERVICELOW PRICESMorrison'sWoods Hole, Mass.MarketCompliments ofPENZANCE GARAGEWOODS HOLE, MASS.Day or Night A. L. A.Phone 652TowingDRESS SALEEXTRAORDINARYREDUCTIONSOFTHE WOMAN'S SHOP30 W. 50th St., New York CityIVIRS.Located inthe rear ofWEEK'S SHOPFALMOUTHARENOVSKI'SEst. 1892 Phone 410The Home ofHart Schaffner & Marx ClothingLamson & Hubbard HataPrintzess Suits, Coats andDressesWalk-Over ShoesSatisfaction Guaranteed orMoney RefundedFalmouth -:- -:- Mass.HUDSON-ESSEXMOTOR CARSWe have several good secondhand cars for sale.The Crocker GarageCorporation, Inc.Fair jth Mass.TIMEis the important factor in all activitiesSAVE ITby uflinirThe Wistar Institute Bibliographic Servicewhich brings to your table authors' abstracts of all papers aboutto appear in the:Jonrniil of Morphology and PhysioloeyThe Journal of Comparative NeurologyThe American Journal of AnatomyThe Anatomical RecordThe Journal of Experimental ZoologyAmerican Anatomical IMemorisAmerican Journal of Physical AnthropologyFolia Anatomica Japonica (Tokyo, Japan)Biological BulletinThe Journal of ParasitologyStain TechnologyAustralian Journal of Experimental Biologyand Medical Science (Adelaide, South Australia)Advance Abstract Sheets $3.00 per yearBibliographic Service Cards ------- $5,00 per yearBoth appear before the complete articles are publishedTHE WISTAR INSTITUTETliirty-slxth Street and Woodland ATenue : : : : :Philadelphia, Pa.

:PAGE TWELVE THE COLLECTING NETWHY THE WOODS HOLECHORAL SOCIETY?The Simple Arthropod(Tune:— "Die Lorelei.")TEXASDr. Edwin Linton, Presidentof the Woods Hole Choral Societygave the following introductionbefore the openingnumberInformation has come to meto the effect that many peoplehave been asking what the purposemay be of this Choral Society,to whose initial concertyou have come this evening.Now, in any community otherthan this one, nobody wouldthink of asking such a question.The organization of such a societyelsewhere would be acceptedwith no more question asto the reason for it than wouldbe asked of a sewing-circle, aspelling bee, or a horse-shoetournament. But in this communitywhere the quest for ananswer to the riddle of naturalphenomena is the business ofnearly everyone, the desire toknow the why and how, thewhence and whither of everything,new or old, is a perfectlynatural response to environmentalconditions.The shortness of the timewhich is at my disposal, and thepresence of the chorus on thestage necessitates the eliminationon this occasion of lanternslides showing mathematicalformulae, and logarithmicgraphs, which are needed in acomplete demonstration. Theanswer to the question: Why aWoods Hole Choral Society?therefore, must be attemptedthrough the old-fashioned methodof word of mouth.1. In the first place, musichath other charms than that ofserving as anodyne to soothesavage breasts, and there are agoodly number of people in thecommunity who derive a gi-eatdeal of pleasure from choralsinging, and who are willing todevote a part of the time whichthey would, and should, give torecreation to the practice ofchoral singing.2. A second reason is to befound in the excellent opportunitywhich is afforded by existingconditions for becoming acquaintedwith music which ahighly competent teacher ofmusic pronounces to be good.3. And a third reason is theopportunity which is here affordedto secure training inchoral singing under a directorof long and approved experience.The impelling force of thesethree reasons, viz., the enjoyrnentwhich is found in choralsinging, an opportunity to be-There was a simple arthropodUpon the summer sea;They caught him in a lobsterpotAnd brought him home to me.I cut his little carapaceAbout his little gills.And watched his unsuspectingheartBeat soft, subconscious thrills.I jerked his little walking-legsFrom out his body-wall,Till of that simple arthropodThere was nothing left atall-Nothing left but diagramsOf what he ought to be.And there's an empty lobsterpotUpon the summer sea.The Choral Society

Tolunie II^uln.nr 7WOODS HOLE, MASS., SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 1927.Sul>scri[jfin y(,i."»Pearce Gives LanternSlide Lecture on theAnimal Life of Nigeria"The Natural History efNigeria", was the subject of thelecture given last Thursdayevening in the old lecture hallunder the auspices of the Bureauof Fisheries. The lecture wasgiven by Dr. A. S. Pearse, professorof zoology at Duke University.Dr. Pearse has contributedmuch to our knowledge ofthe fresh-water fishes and hasrecently written a book on animalecology. He was sent toAfrica by the InternationalHealth Board to work with theWest African Yellow FeverCommission. Yellow fever inAfrica appears to be a differentdisease from that in the westernhemisphere and at the presenttime the causitive organism andits carrier is unknown.Dr. Pearse used a large numberof colored lantern slidesillustrating in an excellent mannerthe country through whichhe travelled and worked. Thepictures were taken by himselfand developed under great difficultiesin the tropical countriesand were later colored by himupon his return.Among -the interesting animalsdescribed were the "Gobies"a species of fish whichleave the water and climb upon trees or other objects projectingfrom the water. They areenabled to live out of the water(Continued on Page 5)Currents inthe HoleAt folio-wing hours the currentin the hole turns to run from BuzzardsBay to Vineyard Sound:DATE

i1',ly ferrous state.For many years this method iof study has been applied to in-organic systems, and with suecesswhen the systems studiedhave been well chosen and ade-|finitely formulated. These conditionsfor success are important:for it is to be emphasizedthat the thermodynamic equa-'ticn formulates the relation ofienergy change to some processjj:PAGE TWO THE COLLECTING NETFisheries Seminar HearsDrs. Perkins and GaltsoffThe Fifth Meeting of theFisheries Round Table tookI!>iacs Thursday, August IS, thejsubject being "Oyster Investiga-jtions". The leading speakeiwasDr. Earle B. Perkins who'is carrying on experimentaloyster work at Onset, Mass. Dr.GaitsoiT introduced Dr. Perkinswith a preliminary talk whichwas followed by a talk by Dr.B. D. Pease and Mr. Jos. Glancyof the Pease Laboratories, NewYork City, on the effect ofchlorinated water on oysters.COHEN SUMMARY(Continued from Page 1)When the free energy of achemical process can be made toflcv,' in a purely electrical channel,its measurement can bemade elegantly exact. Consider,for instance, the case of the reductionof ferric ions to ferrousions by hydrogen in a solutionof definite acidity. The deviceused in the study of this case isthe follov.'ing. A hydrochloricacid solution is divided and itstv/o containers are connected bya tube made comparatively narrowin order that two processesm.ay be approximately isolated.To one vessel is added a definitemixture of ferrous and ferricchlorides. In the other is placedhydrogen gas at a definite pressure.In each is immersed abare platinum electrode. Thisarrangement constitutes an electi"iccell. Accompanying thewithdrawal of current from thiscell, there occurs in one of thehalf-cells the oxidation of hydrogento hydrions, and in the otherhalf-cell the reduction of ferricto ferrous ions. It is an exampleof what Ostwald described as"chemical action at a distance".The reaction may be reversedby driving current from an externalsource against the electromotiveforce of the cell. Inshort, the cell is re\ersible. Ifnow at constant temperaturethe external electromotive forceis nicely balanced against that ofthe cell and there is attainedexperimentally one of the nearestapproaches to the ideal conditionfor maximum work. Thermodynamicsthen furnishes iheeauation relating the free energyof the reaction to its equilibriumconstant.The free energy in this instanceis measured in electricalunits, and since we know thatone faraday of quantity is associatedwith the transformationof one gram mol of ferrous toferric ions, it is useful to centerattention upon the intensity factorof the work term, namely,the potential difference of theelectromotive force of the cell.It describes the driving forcewith which a definite pressureof hydrogen, restrained by adefinite hydrion concentration,!tends to transform an equi-mole-lcular mixture of ferrous andferric ions towards the completejin general terms, and leaves itto the user first to determinewhether the energy change inquestion is susceptible to meas-lurement by a particular deviceand, if it is, to discover in thejsecond place what irelationsamong the components of the Isvstem will furnish a successfulsolution. As a guide in the lattertask, it is more or less immaterialwhat scheme of me-chanism is postulated (for thefinal working equation is ithe=ame in all cases) but consis-;tency is essential.A convenient mode of formu-'-iticn is the following. The differenceof potential, E, betweenan electrode and a solution isassumed to originate in the differencein the escaping tendenciesof the electrons in the twophases. This leads to the "fundamental"equationRTE = C -F In ewhere e represents the escapingtendency of the electrons in thesolution system containing amixture of oxidant and reductant,the interaction of whichisdescribed byOx -I- e = RedThe important consequence ofthis formulation is that thearbitrarily assumed differencebetween oxidant and reductantis one w'hich makes the reductantin this case written into ananion. Obviously the oxidantcould be a cation and the reductantneutral, or the chargescould be otherwise distributedso long as the difference is equivalentto a gain in electrons bythe reductant. In any case ihereductant is less basic or moreacidic than the oxidant, and thusitbecomes evident that the hydrionconcentration of the solutionis a fundamentally importantfactor.For the present discussionthere is no need to pursue thedevelopment of the workingequations in detail. It maymerely be stated that they includethe relation of electrodepotential not only to the ratioof total oxidant to total reductantbut al-o to the effects ofcliange in hycn-ion concentration.E.-cperimentally, it is convenientto study each of these effectsseparately : that is; (1) to measurein a heavily buffered solutionthe potentials correspondingto definite ratios of oxidantto reductant; and (2) to measurethe changes lin electrodepotential of a fixed mixture ofoxidant and reductant as the pHis changed. The first processdiscloses whether one or moreelectrons (or equivalents) areinvolved in the transformationof reductant to oxidant; thesecond reveals the existence andni.agnitude of dissociations ofionizable groups which havebeen created or destroyed in thereaction. The combined datapermit the accurate mapping outof the system over a surface definedby three coordinates, viznotential, pH and percentage reduction.This laborious mappingout m.ust be performed for thevarious systems before they canbe properly compared as totheir relative oxidation-reductioncharacteristacs.A brief survey will reveal thene;d of such descriptions forpurposes ranging from the moregeneral correlations of thephysical chemist to those of thecj tologist in his dealing withthe conduct of a specific reagentin the oxidation-reduction metabolismof the living cell. We,of the Hygienic Laboratory havebeen particularly interested indeveloping a series of indicatorsuseful in detecting intensitiesof reduction in a manner comparablewith the use of acidbaseindicators in detecting intensitiesof acidity. In this connectionwe must not neglect torepeat that our discussiion hasignored the quantity factor ofoxidation-reduction, which representsstill another aspect ofthe problem.We have formulated our equationswith the guidance of thepostulate of electron transfer.That the resulting equations fitthe experimental facts is noargument whatever that thepostulate represents actuality.It can easily be shown that thesame working equations can bederived with the guidance ofother postulated mechanisms, orderived entirely without theguidance of any mechanisticpostulate wbatever. But oncewe have the experimental dataand realize their independenceof mechani.stic postulate we arecurious to see if they are suggestivelyin favor of any specificmechanism of oxidation-reduction.In the first place, it has beendefinitely shown that the ionizationconstants appertainingto groups in the reductant createdby the process of reductionhave distinctly different values.Although an ionization i.^nstantis in a sense represeittative ofa stat'sLical state, it may certainlybe inferred that a singlediacidic anion can and probablydoes acquire hydrions stepwise.At constant hydi-ion concentrationwhere the anions wouldlend to take one hydrion and oneonly, the oxidation-)-eductionprocess in the transformation ofmethylene blu.? to methylenewhite, indoiphenol to leuco-indophenol,indigo to leuco-indigo,and other organic compounds ofsimilar type involves iwo equivalentsand these equivalents arepaired, in the sense that the mostaccurate measurements havefailed to reveal a trace of stepwisereduction. In the languageof the organic c'hemist. thisfailure to reveal a stepwise reductionin such compoundsmeans that there exists no correspondingintermediate compoundwhich can be isolated.The inference is that in the classof cases referred to the processof reduction is essentially theacduirement of an electron pairfollowed or not followed by theattachment of hydrions accordingto the relation of their concentrationto the several dissociationconstants.Such electrode measurementsas we have been discussing arenot generally feasible in organicchemistry any more than theyare in inorganic chemistry. Conanthas furnished good evidencethat certain ethylene linkagesare hydrogenated not byany process that is susceptibleto electrochemical measurementand formulation, but by thedirect addition of hydrogen withthe aid of catalysts. There i»also the case of direct oxygenaddition such as we find in theoxidation of hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin.Conant could findno evidence that this system canbe measured or formulated bj'the methods we have been considering.On the other hand, hofound that the hemoglobin-methemoglobinsystem can be measuredand formulated. The electrochemicalmethod both by itspositive and negative evidenceis beginning to furnish a backgroundfor judging the adequacyof certain theories regarding themechanism of biological oxidation-reduction.Few reversible, electromotivelyactive organic systems arefound among the compoundswhich the biochemist hasisolated from living cells andfrom among the products oftheir metabolism. Yet the favoritetool of the biochemist in hisstudy of biochemical oxidationreductionhas been one of thereversible and electromotivelyactive dye systems, notably thatof methylene blue.(Continued on Page 3)

ICOHEN SUMMARY(Continued from Page 2)It has been showR by Biilmannthat inthe reduction of certainazo dyes there is a reversiblestage followed by an irreversiblerearrangement. We have shownthat in the oxidation of certaindiamines, such as benzidine,there is a reversible stage followedby an irreversible processwhich we infer to be a certaintype of autoxidation. Conantoffers a very good rational interpretationto the otherwise stilluseful empirioal potentials definingwhat reagents will producean irreversible reductionand what reagents will not.Thus in the study of irreversiblereactions there is being stimulatedthe search for that type ofintermediate, reversible changewhich is amenable to formulationand to definite measurementby the methods here described.In our own work dating from1919, we have found that theeffects of cell suspensions uponelectrodes were as if some systemor systems in the cell hada definite electromotive activity.Cannan, Cohen and Clark recentlyobtained results whichcan best be explained at presenton the hypothesis that the livingcell activates some of its metabolitesin such a way that thereisproduced an extremely smallelectromotivelyquantity ofactive material. This the cellcontinues to supply from a comparativelylarge reserve. Thesmallness of the quantity presentat any moment accounts forthe precarious nature of the potentialsobserved. The definitenessof some of this materialwould account for the definitetrend of potentials and the interactionbetween cell suspensionand reversible oxidation-reductionindicators. The results entirelyfreed from postulates leadto a powerful experimentalmethod of attack.The reaction between succinicacid and methylene blue leadingto fumaric acid and methylenewhite might presumably alonereach an equilibrium, but thiswould probably take a very longtime. In the presence of muscletissue the attainment of equilibriumis greatly hastened.Thunberg, observing the extentto which the methylene blue systemis transformed and usingour data for the methylene bluesystem, calculated the potentialto which the fumaric-succinicsystem is transformed by muscletissue. His value is plus.005 volts at pH. 6.7. Essentiallythe same equilibrium wasfound by Quastel who workedwith resting bacterial cells.The potential found for cellsuspensions containing this succinic-fumaricacid system is distinctlynegative to that whichthe Needhams on the one handand Wurmser and Rapkine onthe other are finding in aerobiccells by micro-injection of oxidation-reductionindicators. Theregion of potential that they findis confirmed by other types of{experiment. In short, certainvery different types of experimentconverge to the conclusionthat the aerated cell maintainsa potential distinctly oxidativeto the methylene blue systemand distinctly reductive to certainindophenol systems. Butthis is enormously far distantfrom the potential of any systemin equilibrium with the oxygenof our atmosphere. We cansee no other conclusion than thefollowing: In the perticipationof oxygen in the chemistry ofthe living cell there is, on theone hand, no potentiometricallymeasurable oxygen equilibriumand yet, on the other hand, thereis some means by which the oxygen,contending against the reductiveprocesses of the cell,maintains a more or less definiteand potentiometrically measurablelevel of oxidation-reductionintensity. There is additionalsupport to this view and thepromise of useful extension ofour knowledge in the resultsfrom micro-injection studiesnow being completed by Drs.Chambers, 'Reznikoff and Pollackin collaboration with Dr.Cohen.We never find electrode potentialsmore positive than about-L.2 volt at pH. 7 as measuredboth by indicators and electrodeeven after air has been bubbledthrough a cell suspension. Culturesof certain anaerobic bacteria,as measured by electrodesand independently by such indicatorsas are available for roughestimates, oan induce not onlythe potential of the hydrogenelectrode but also a definite althoughsilght overvoltage. Ofsignificance in this connection isthe fact that under the conditionsimposed, these organismsare able to liberate free hydrogenfrom the medium as a productof their metabolism.The question of biological oxidation-reductionnow appearsto resolve itself into two distinctaspects: the problem of thecatalysis of oxygenation as aspecial aspect of oxidation applyingto the aerobic metabolismof the cell; and the problem ofthe catalysis leading to that typeof oxidation-reduction whichcan be formulated by the electrochemicalmethods here discussed,and studied when thecell is under anaerobic conditions.THE COLLECTING NET PAGE THREEREADY OCTOBER 1st.LaboratoryINHistologicalDirectionsTechniqueBy B. F. KINGSBURY, Ph. D., M. D.andO. A. JOHANNSEN, Ph. D.Cornell UniversityThis book represents the combination of technique notes wi-itten bythe first author for use in connection with courses in Histologyoffered by him for medical, premedical, and verterinary students,with a similar outline of histological methods designed by the secondauthor for use in courses dealing primarily with the histology ofinsects.Inasmuch as the methods for the microscopic examination of animalstructure are fundamentally the same, whether the structure is normalor pathological, the approach medical or zoological, it is believed thatthere has been here produced a book of much broader usefulness,without in any way sacrificing its value in histological work of morespecific application. A rigid selection has been exercised, so thatof the multitudinous methods employed in microscopic work onlythose are given which meet the requirements for attaining a broadpractical knowledge of animal structure.JOHN WILEY & SONS, Inc., Publishers440 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORKTHESCIENTIFICMONTHLYFOR AUGUSTTHE HISTORY OF THE ALPHABET. Professor Ingo W. D.Hackh 97SPIRITUAL VALUES IN SCIENCE. Professor Victor E.Levine 119PHYSICAL LAWS AND SOCIAL PHENOMENA. Dr. R. B.Lindsay 127CREDULITY VERSUS SCIENTIFIC DEMONSTRATION. T.SWANN Hardikg 133SOME STATISTICAL ASPECTS OF LIVINGNESS. ProfessorD. Eraser Harris 139THE UNFIT SURVIVE. Dr. Herbert Maynard Diamond 144SCIENCE AND RELIGION. Professor I. W. Howerth 151A SUMMER ON LOGAN RIVER. Professor James G. Needham 162TRANSATLANTIC TELEPHONY. Dr. Frank B. Jewett 170THE SABER-TOOTH TIGER. W. A. Spalding 182THE PROGRESS OF SCIENCE:Hoiv Big can a Star be? The Unseen Life of the Soil; theContribution of Scientific Men to American Independence;Alessandro Volta 183THE SCIENCE PRESSLANCASTER, PA.—GRAND CENTRAL TERMINAL,N. Y. CITY—GARRISON, N. Y.Yearly Subscription $5.00 Single Copies 50 cents

PAGE FOUK THE COLLECTING NETThe Collecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory and of Woods Hole ingeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSRobert Chambers, Prof, of Anatomy,Cornell University Medical School.Edwin G. Conklin, Prof, of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of Zoology,Yale University.EDITORIAL STAFFWare Cattell EditorHugh Montgomery Art EditorMrs. L. V. Heilbrunn . . General NewsHelen S. Morris Genei-al NewsJack FoggSport NewsBusiness StaffKatharine Underwood. .. .Bus. Man.Use MichaelisAsst. Bus. Man.(Application for entry as secoiid-classmatter is pending.)The Universal PressNew Bedford Woods HoleMassachusettsThe Club FlaysThere seems to be a differenceof opinion in regard to the programpresented for the benefitof the Social and Tennis Clubson the sixth -of August. In generalthe older and more consei--vative people regarded it as notmeasuring up to the standardsof the laboratory communityeither in taste or in quality.Others considered the performanceeven more fun than usual.Almost without exception thepart acted by the boys—whoput on their act with scarcelyany help—was well liked.In the following words wewere forewarned:"In order to meet the varied tastesof the members of our large andcomplex community—to please thehigh-brow, the low-brow, and theomni-brow, and to do it in one evening—adiversified feast will be laidbefore them, and it is predicted thathe will be a most ardent pessimistand misanthrope who will not thoroughlyenjoy some part if not all ofthe program."The consensus of opinion isthat the plan did not work. Unless time can be found to present really good plays—and topresent them well—we feel thatno loss would be incurred in dispensingwith this now annualaffair. The excellent suggestionhas been made that the M. B. L.Club dues of 31.50 be assessedalong with the tuition and researchspace charges. If thiscould be arranged ample moneywould be obtained without presentingthe customary plays.This plan would have certaindefinite advantages. Few peoplerealize or appreciate thelarge expenditure of energy andtime that theii* production commandeers.Dr. and Mrs. Clarkhave done a great deal for thelaboratory each year in raisingthe money required to supportthe Clubs. Their enforced absenceduring the critical periodthis summer was too easily evidentin the recent productions.Our Reduction in SizeIt is undoubtedly a loss tohave this number of The CollectingNet reduced in size.But the loss here is a gain tothe extent of $40.00 for ourScholarship Fund.MICHAELIS REVIEW(Continued from Page 1)electron produces an anion of avery weak acid and at the givenpH this anion combines to agreat extent with the hydrogenions of the solution the wholeprocess appears to consist in anaddition of hydrogen and thereforebelongs to the oxidationprocesses even in the older sensei'f the word whereas really theelectron and the hydrogen ionis taken in by the original molecule,one after the other. It isvery remarkable that in organicchemistry, probably without exception,the intake or the lossof electrons takes place only inpairs: i. e. a single electron isnever taken in or given off butalways two at the same time,whereas the combination withthe two hydrogen ions correspondingto the two electronsalways takes place in steps ; firstthe one and after that the other.This is illustrated in the factthat in any bivalent acid there isa remarkable difference in thetwo dissociation constants, e. g.hydro-quinone may loose firstone hydrogen ion and at a higheralkalinity gradually also theother one, but in the process ofoxidation of hydroguinone tonuinone there is no intermediatestep.In connection with the newerdefinition of oxidation and reductiona method can be developedfor the quantitative measurementof the intensity of the oxidantor reductant force. Inearlier periods of chemistry thequantitative side of oxidationor reduction force was as badlydeveloped as the quantitativeside of acidity or alkalinity.Just as the measurement of theelectromotive forces of the hyrlrogengas chain furnished a(luantitative scale for acidityand alkalinity, the measurementof the electromotive forces of anoxidation-reduction-chain providesthe quantitative scale ofoxidation and reduction power.Such an oxidation reductionchain consists of two half cells,one of which may be chosen arbitrarily,e. g. a calomel halfcell. It represents the standardvalue of the potential to whichthe oxidation potential of theother half cell is referred. As arule the potential of the oxidationchain is referred not to thecalomel cell but to a hydrogengas electrode in which the hydrogengas has a pressure of oneatmosphere and the pH of thesolution is zei-o. The other halfcell is the soluton, the oxidationpotential of which is to be meassured,in contact with an electrodeof blanc platinum or goldwithout any gas. Any solutionshowing a potential more positivethan the hydrogen electrodeis an oxidant for hydrogen andaccording to the greater or lesserpotential difference againstthe hydrogen electrode it is astronger or a weaker oxidant.There is no absolute boundarybetween oxidants and reductants,there is only a scale of increasingoxidative power whichin reversed order represents thescale of increasing reductantpower.There are relatively fewchemical systems in which anoxidation can take place in a reversibleway. Most of these systemsare solutions of organicthe reduction ofdye-stuffs,which produces a colourlesssubstance which b y oxygenspontaneously and reversibly isrestituted to the dye-stuff. 40years ago Paul Ehrlich utilizedthese reversible dye-stuffs systemsas a scale for the reductionintensity of living tissues.Ehrlich was in this respect farahead of his time and a quantitativeelaboration of this ideacould be only performed afterthe theory of oxidation-reduction-chainshad been developed.The theory of these chains wasgiven twenty years^ "^so byPeters who utilized Nern.st'stheory of galvanic chains forthe case of oxidation chains.The further elaborationforthe more complicated systemssuch as organic dyes has beenperformed chiefly by the speakerDr. Clark. He has not onlycreated an amplification of thetheory applicable for any particularcase which may occur butalso showed the intrinsic relationsbetween oxidation potentialsand pH. Whenever theoxidised form of a dye stuff i.«an electrolyte of a different dissociationconstant in the reducedform, the oxidation potential ofa mixture of the oxidised andthe reduced form depends notonly on the particular kind ofthe dye-stuff and the ratio of theoxidised and the reduced formbut also on pH. Thus the potentialin a dye-stuff system dependson two variables, the concentrationratio of the reducedand the oxidised form and thepH. In order to represent theserelationships in one graph aspecial coordinate system inthree dimensions must be applied.The speaker succeeded in establishinga whole set of suchdye-stuff systems mostly belongingto the Indophenols andIndigo-dye-stuffs. He selecteda suitable group of these dyestuffswhich he syntheszied himselfto a great extent and establisheda set of oxidation-reduction-indicatorswhich can beused as a substitute for potentiometricmeasurements in thesame way as other dye-stuffscan be used for measurement ofpH. The oxidation reductionpotential of any given solutioncan be measured by adding asuitable indicator of this seriesand evaluating colorimetricallythe percentage of reductionbrought about by the solutionto be measured.These methods were also usedin the measurement of the reductionpower in living cells andtissues. The dye-stuff methodis restricted in so far as a single.dye-stuff only covers a smallrange in the whole scale whereasthe potentiometric measurementgives a full picture of theentire course of the potentialwhile the reduction in the livingcell goes on. The reduction potentialis fully developed onlyin absence of oxygen but remarkablyenough the reducingpower as measured by the reductionof dye-stuffs is not inevery case in agreement withthe potential measured by thegold electrode or with the pressureof oxygen. Obviously theoxygen gas is not in a thermodynamicequilibrium with theoxidable substances in the tissues.In such a case the timefactor plays a great role, andthe interpretation of the measuredreduction potentials isencountered with greater difficultiesthan in conditions ofequilibrium. Different kinds ofcells, especially bacteria, approachafter a sufficient time ofanaerobic conditions differentvalues of reduction potentials.In strongly reducing bacteria,such as bacterium coli whichproduce hydrogen gas fromcarbohydrates, the reduction potentialwill even exceed the valueof the hydrogen electrode. Usuallythe reduction potential willlie somewhere between the hydrogenand the oxygen electrode,indeed much closer to the hydrogenelectrode. The role ofoxygen seems to be to keep thereduction potential of the tissuesfar enough from the hydrogenpotential. Thus a new problemconcerning the role ofoxygen in life has arisen thesolution of which has, by far,not yet been reached.

j'—:—THE COLLECTING NET PAGE FIVEPEARCE LECTURE(Continued from Pag-e 1)for some time and, when disturbed,seldom move back intothe water but skip around onthe surface. Small vascularchambers invaginated from thebranchial cavity function asrespiratory organs while thefish is out of water, and accountfor this peculiar habit. The castnet by which the natives obtaintheir food fish was described.The animals in southernNigeria are all small. The largerm-ammals such as are found innorthern Africa can not live inthis region because of the trypanosomediseases carried toythe tse-tse fly. A full growndeer shot by Dr. Pearse was only20 inches in height.The foraging ants are abundantin Nigeria and their runways'built of earth may be seenin the guinea grass regions.These ants are constantly on themove, foraging for food whichthey obtain from the homes ofthe termite ants. The foragingants are usually accompanied bythe Bengalra fly which attacksthe ants as they return from thetermite nests and robs them oftheir booty.In southern Nigeria four percent, of the rats have the plague.A large number of the nativeshave the p'lague but a census ofthis disease among the nativesis impossible because they conce a 1 information concerningdeath and sickness. The deadare often buried beneath thehouses.There are five species of thefilaria worm infesting this region.All drinking water iseither kept in tanks or boiledbefore using due tothe prevalenceof these worms. Dr.Pearse drank only soda wateras a preventative while w'orkingin the "bush".Dr. Pearse told of some ofthe superstitions of the nativepeople. The crocodile is a sacredanimal and one large individualis kept in an enclosure and fedon various diets. It is believedthat if one of a pair of humantwins is fed to the crocodile goodluck will forever accompany thefamily. If twins are not availablechickens serve to bringgood fortune. Chameleons areground and dried into a powder,which when mixed with gunpowder enables game to be moreeasily .shot. This dried powderis also used to hasten child birth.Many other superstitions keepthe people in a state of fear ofdevil-gods.Kano id the largest city of theregion visited by Dr. Pearse.It is surrounded by a wall 12miles long and is about 20 feethig'h and 20 feet thick. It alsohas large granaries and waterreservoirs. Before the Britisiicame into control of the countryKano withstood siege from savagetribes for long periods. TheBritish have maintained peaceamong the natives and littlewarfare is now carried on. Kanois a well organized city althoughof a primitive culture.Dr. J. Mansfield Clark wastaken by sailboat to New Bedfordon Wednesday, Aug. 10,where he took a train to Boston.Dr. D. Cohen was captain of thecraft and the two were accompaniedby Dr. Reznikoff. Dr.Clark made a short visit toWoods Hole and during his staydelivered one of the eveninglectures. A summary of thislecture with a review by Dr.Michaelis appears elsewhere inthis issue of The Collecting Net.CLIPPED FROM THELONDON TIMESThe following letter has beensubmitted by "pH. D."Dear Sir:I am Wang. It is for my personalbeniefit that I write for a position inyour honoralble Bank.I have a flexible brain that willadapt itself to your 'business and inconsequence bring good efforts to yourgood J elves. My education was impressedU'pon me in the Peking Universiityin 'Whioh place I g:raduatedNumber One.I can drive a typewriter with goodno.i's2 and my Eng-liish is gi'eat.My references are of 'good andshould you hope to see me they will'be read iby you with great -plaasure.My last job has left itself from mefor the good roasion that the largeman had dead. It was on account ofno fault of mine. So, honorable Sir,what about it? If I can be of big useto you, I will arrive on some date thatyou should guess.Faithfully yours,Wang.Spermatophytes^Who walks by ocean, lake or streamNotes how the mattc-d Algae teem,Who feeds on mushrooms or on yeastDoth draw on Funrji for his feast.He who in mossy banks delightsShall couch himself on Bryophytes,Who after ferny dells doth spyPlcridophytes shall glad his eye;Sweet flowers, tall grain, and mightytreesdljomatopkytes embrace allthese.IScien'ce News Letter, Nov. 6, 19261CataloguesOn RequestBausch &:SINCE 1852MAKERS OFMicroscopes and AccessoriesMicrotomesProjection ApparatusPhotomicrographic CamerasField Glassesuotanical ApparatusPhotographic LensesCentrifugesHaemocylometersSpectrometersRefractometersColorimetersOther Optical ProductsLomb Optical Co.Main Office and Factory: Rochester, N. Y.New York: Park and 42nd Sts. Chicago: 5 No. Wabash Ave.Boston: 333 Washington St. San Francisco: 28 Geary St.The BNAArranged as an Outline- ofRegional and Systematic AnatomyA Contribution to the Science and Teaching of Anatom.yBYVictor E. EmmelProfessor of -'.aatomy. College of Medicijie, University of IllinoisLaboratory Guest at The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and BiologyREVISED SECOND EDITIONThe Basle Aroatomical Nomenclature (the BNA) has been preeminentlysuccessful in the elimination of appro.^imately 45,000 unnecessarysynonyms for the macroscopic structures of the humanbody, and has consequently become an international anatomiclanguage.This list of some 5000 terms, intended for common use in the medicalschools, was arranged on the basis of systematic human anatomy.It appears obvious, however, that, from the standpoint of practicalanatomy, a regional arrangement of these terms in conjunction withtheir systematic tabulation would greatly increase the usefulness ofthe BNA.With this objective in mind, the present systemiatic BNA has beenexpanded to include a correlated regional arrangement of anatomicalterms—an arrangement based upon the sequence in which the structuresindicated toy these terms may be exposed and demonstrated tothe naked eye in actual dissection—thus securing a direct associationof the term with the visualization of the structure to which it refers.Although a minimum encroachment upon individual initiative isevaluated as a dominant objective to be sought, concise statementsare given for the more difficult incisions and dissections involved inthe demonstration of the structures listed. The order in which theregions are dealt with is based upon a sequence which facilitatesobservation of those structural relationships of greatest practicalsignificance. The work consequently contitutes a basis for a directcorrelation of anatomical terminology and structure in the practicalstudy of the cadaver and presents a resume of regional and systematicanatomy for anatomical and clinical reference.This book of about 250 pages, illustrated with twelve plates andfigures in delineation of surface anatomy and surface projections ofthe skeleton, will be ready September 15, 1927. Price, $3.50, boundincloth.ADDRESSTHE WISTAR INSTITUTE OF ANATOMY AND BIOLOGYThirty-sixth Street and Woodland Avenue : : : : Philadelphia, Pa.BUY, BUY, BIOLOGISTSFROM Our ADVERTISERS

PAGE SIX THE COLLECTING NETTHE CHEMISTRY OFTHE VITAMINSIn recent years, by means ofthousands of feeding experiments,the distribution of thesesubstances in food stuffs hasBy Dr. Blanchardbeen carefully determined. Few ing this substance in quantitiesir.vestigators, however, have sufficient for identification. Unfortunatelyonly a very smallJust thirty years ago, the turned their attention to theDutch physician Eijkman first concentration,quantity of the cholesterolisolation, andwasendowed with anti-richitic propertiesby ultra-violet radiation.observed the unique syndrome chemical characterization ofof avian polyneuritis in hens these interesting components of For some time, however, thisour food.fact was viewed with curiositywhose diet had been restrictedrather than from the standpointof organic chemistry.to polished rice. He comparedthis condition to the human dis-and showed thatease beri-beri,it could be relieved by a dietcontaining either rice hulls ortheir aciueous extract. Approximatelya decade later, Hopkinspointed out that animals couldnot deevlop and live upon anapparently complete diet consistingof proteins, fats, car'bohydrates,and inorganic salts,without the addition of unknownWe mayaccessory food factors.properly regard these observationsas the beginning of experimentswith those peculiarlyelusive entities now termed thevitamins.After the passage ofanotherten years, a ho.'^t of investigatorsconcentrated their attentions uponthese substances, with theresult that it soon became evidentthat vitamins are apparentlynot proteins, not glucids norlipins, but are organic in nature,and are indispensable for theproper metabolism of organismsint;apable of synthesizing themfrom the elementary foods. Althoughknowing absolutely nothingabout their structure orchemical identity, biochemistsnow recognize the existence ofsix such substances. These havebeen termed respectively vitaminA, B, C, D, E, and P-P. Theomission of any one of themfrom the diet produces a uniquepathological condition whichmay be relieved by a diet abun-a trulv remarkable anti-scorbuticactivity.dant in the missing vitamin. Inthe absence of Vitamin A, The lecturer followed this byngrowthdiscussion ofceases, and experimentalone of the mostinteresting phases of modernanimals develop the eye condition,xerophthalmia; in the tion of the anti-richitic factor,biochemistry—the characteriza-absence of B, young animals vitamin D. It was early foundcease to grow and adults develop that this substance was presentinberi-beri; in the absencethe non-saponificable fractionof C,of cod-liver oil. Drummond andscurvy occurs, the scourge ofthe wind-jammer crews and explorers; the absence of D resultsin rickets, to be observed inchildren in any tenement district;without E, sterility is produced; and without P-P, pellagraensues.In a recent evening lecture.Dr. Drummond, of the Universityof London, discussed in somedetail the results obtained bythose few investigators whohave sought to isolate the variousvitamins. He described insome detail the method used 'byJanscn and Doneth, who extracted100 kilos of rice polishingswith acidified alcohol. The activeprinciple in the extract was adsorbedon clay, desorbed, andthen subjected to a series offractional precipitations withsilver salts. Finally a few tenthsof a gram of material possessingall the vitamin-activity ofthe original 100 kilos wereobtained. This material wasremarkably active, .000002 gramdaily being all that was necessaryto keep animals on a vitaminB-free diet in a healthycondition. Although theseauthors have determined theempirical formula of the substanceto be CH'^ON^, unfortunatelythey did not determineits molecular weight; hence 'tis impossible to say whether thisis the true for^^ula or only thesimplest one. Professor Drummondpointed cut the importantfact that the vitamin B itselfmight possibly be present inmuch smaller quantity, adsorbedupon the compound isolated.He next discoursed upon theprogress made by Zilva of theLister Institute, in obtaining avitamin C concentrate. This investigatorhas succeeded in obtainingall of the anti-scorbuticactivity of a liter of lemon juicein a fraction weighing less than0.0,S% of the original juice.While this product is bv nomeans a pure substance, it hashis associates succeeded in obtaininga more concentrated preparation,by distillation in highvacuo. Later Steenbock in thiscountry, and Rosenhain andWebster in England, discoveredthat cholesterol, which hadabsolutely no anti-richitic activity,could, by irradiation withultra-violet light, be convertedinto a mixture possessing theactivity of vitamin D preparations.The biochemists immediatelysaw a possibility of obtain-Drummond finallysucceededby tedious fractional recrystallizationin preparing a sampleof cholesterol of higher meltingpointthan any previously obtained.In his lecture he statedthat he was "inordinately proudof this achievement", but wassoon disappointed on findingthat the sample could not berendered active by ultra-violetradiation. Seeking an explanation,he took it to the organicchemist Heilbronn, who, on spectroscopicexamination, quicklyascertained that its absorptionspectrum differed by three bandsfrom that of ordinary preparationsof cholesterol, althoughthe chemical properties of thetwo were identical. It followedthen that cholesterol as ordinarilyprepared contained a verysmall amount of an impurityresponsible alike for the threeabsorption bands and the antirichiticactivity developed by irradiation.Attention was thusfocussed upon a large numberof cholesterol derivatives previouslyprepared by the Germanchemist Windaus, who has devotedhis life to untangling thestructural mysteries of cholesteroland its derivatives. Windausreadily cooperated withthe English inve.stigators, andwith Hess in America, with theresult that the sterol, ergosterol,was found to possess not onlythe three absorption bands missingfrom Drummond's preparationof cholesterol, but also theproperty of yielding, on ultravioletirradiation, a vitamin Dpreparation effective in preventingrickets, when used in almostunbelievably small doses.Unfortunately we do not knowprecisely the structural configurationof either cholesterol orergosterol, it is impossible to ascertainthe structure of vitaminD. This problem, moreover, is notlikely to be solved by any excepta skilled organic chemist trainedin untangling molecular intricacies.It is known, however,that ergosterol is a more unsaturatedcompound than cholesterol,and it seems a reasonableassumption that its activationis in some way connectedwith alterations in the configurationof the unsaturated linkages—possiblya simple polymerization.Such speculation,however, will be fruitless untilwe know more concerning thestructural chemistry of the parentsubstance—ergosterol.W C DAVIS-COMPANYHOME FU/9NISMERSFALMOUTH MASSalo Daylight Lamp for Microscope and Colorimeter||-; Illumination, Also for pH Colorimetric Worki'lii^ lump priidiireH a tTUi- mihI iiatnriil Xorllt nU,> liRlit. 'I'ho liKht from iif^pr4-);il .Mazfia bulb Is lUtcri'il tliroiiicb uti iM-4-tir:ili- tiller leiiN, tlir i-olor ciiml»nr.ltJiiof wliieh hiiH bo^-^n stbntmniHy (b'tcrmhu'd. Tbf L'suKiint N'ortbNUyliKbi ra.VH an- ilirtH-t*"*! upon ki n'fU'i'tor «hlcli liuTcaHi-d llio IlRht (HIViinIoiiami tbiiM nrodiu-cH n more nci'iinite nml iniiforni illiimiiiiitlon.Y\'rito for our iruiimntoodPALOfla.vli'cbt biilli-tiiiCOMPANYApparatus for Industrial and Laboratory Use153 WEST 23RD STREET NEW YORK, N. Y.B=S

—James S-Iarvey Robi^nsonLeaves for DartmouthJames Harvey Robinson, historian,and author of "Mind inthe Making", who has spent thesummer in Woods Hole, left onWednesday evening for Dartmouthwhere he will attend aconference on social science andwill discuus his own methods inthe art of teaching and of presentingfacts. The title of hislecture will be "The heavy traditionsof book making".Prof. Robinson, a quiet personwith iron grey hair, a ratherdetermined looking moustacheand intent grey eyes, has spentthe summer taking the coursein protozoology because hewanted to find out a little moreabout life, and his determinationto find out has extended well beyondthe laboratory. Prof.Robinson's room at the MayflowerHotel is equipped with alaboratory table fitted with microscopesaccompanied with culturesof protozoa which he hasa habit of taking home from theclass room and of studying untilthe early hours of the morning.His equipment and the systematicarrangement of his materialwould be a credit even to a professionalbiologist.It is his contention that ifsocial science is to be made intosomething more than an amateurslumming trip it must beginAvith a study of biology. Thebiological processes. Prof.Robinson says, control humanactivity, and human behaviour isbased on fundamental biologicalreactions. It is impossible totry to understand civilizationand groups of men without firstunderstanding their evolutionarybackground.Prof. Robi.nson, who has foryears studied educational methods,was most favorably impressedwith the way in whichthe laboratory courses were conducted.He expressed his appreciationof the laboratory by presentingthe editor of The CollectingNet with a check for$100.00, as a "token of appreciationof the laboratory", to beused for the Scholarship Fund,or in any way which might bestserve the laboratory.In discussing his work in theclass room this summer Prof.Robinson suggested that if adark-field condensor and aGreenough microscope wereplaced at the disposal of thestudents it might help themgreatly in seeing their specimensfrom dilTerent angles and inidentifying them with a betterunderstanding.Prof. Robinson does not approveof American education ingeneral, since so much of it iscut and dried rote work thatglorifies memory instead ofiiationcination. In the martialatmosphere of an examinationroom a student can not do hisbest work, and in general conditionsare not conducive toclear thinking or good memory.Mr. Robinson regards the PhiBeta Kappas as a "bunch ofboobs" and does not considerthem any more capable and intelligentthan any other similargroup. There are exceptions,of course, but in general theymust submit to stereotypism anda premium is placed on memory.Prof. Robinson is much interestedin the question of presentingdifficult subjects to the nonspecialistin a way that theycan be easily comprehended.When people write they mustkeep constantly before them thekind of persons to whom theyare writing and adapt it to theirmental make-up. Writing ofthis kind is a science in itselfpnd Prof. Robinson has thoughtand worked on this problem foryears. This he has well shownin his "The Humanizing ofKnowledge".He is now engaged in editinga series of books called "HumanizingKnowledge" in which heand his fellow editors, especiallyDaniel T. MacDougall, presentfacts Avith a technique that Avillattempt to stimulate rather thanrepel the incipient thirst forknoAvledge.Dr. and Mrs. R. B. Littlefrom the RockefelloAv Institutein Princeton, N. J. are visitingthe Laboratory for a week.Dr. Read Ellsworth, whoAA'^orked last summer in Woods :Hole as associate of Dr. L.Michaelis visited last week ona trip to B'oston.The following members of theNational Academy of Sciences lhave been in residence at theMarine Biological Laboratoryduring the present season : Drs.G. H. Parker, T. H. Morgan, E.G. Conklin, L. L. Woodruff, B.M. Duggar, C. R. Stockard, C.E. McClung, F. R. Lillie, H. S.Jennings and H. H. Donaldson.THE SEA CUCUMBERRf'npath the waves the sea cucumberPprnds all his hours \vi-apped in slumber,> "' 'i- do'^s not appear to seeTV|p n-jiy, aquatic scenery.It seems a most cucumbroiis way:t' drowsing thru the sunny day.Olg-a MarxCAMOUFLAGESeme students though they'd fool aProf,And at his helpless poundprang scoff.To him they lug, with faces smug,A neatly glued composite bug.Tb"v tpll a tale hnw they came by it,And ask bim to identify it:The Prof glanced o'er his glassesmarge"The student hum-bug—CAMOU-FLAGE".pH. D.THE COLLECTING NET PAGE SEVEN-iEXAS OILS AND GA.SWoods Ho!e Garage Co.Tel. 643Opp. StationHUDSON-ESSEXMOTOR CARSWe have several good secondhand cars for sale.The Crocker GarageCorporation, Inc.FalmcuihMaROBir^ SON'SPHARMACYB. W. Dris, Prop.R. W. Nickerson, Reg. Phar.Falmoutlh's OldestDrugstoreFirst-classDrugs and ImportedToilet ArticlesA Registered PharmacistAlways on DutyARENO'SKI'SEst. 1892 Phone 410The Home ofHart Schaffner & Marx ClothingLamson & Hubbard HatsPrintzess Suits, Coats andDressesWalk-Over ShoesSatisfaction Guaranteed orMoney RefundedFalmouth -:- -:- Mass.Compliments ofPENZANCE GARAGEWOODS HOLE, MA.SS.Day or Night A. L. A.Phone G.52TowingDr, George H. GreeneDENTIST()iri(!i', Nearly Opposite Si. liarnahnsJIt'uiorialCliurchFALMOUTH, MASS.Hours: '.)A. M. - 12 M. ; 1-4 P. M.Telephone 35RIDE THE BUSTO FALMOUTHIt costs less than todrive your own car.B. R. NICKERSONWOODS HOLE, MASS.VisitCape Cod's LargestDepartment StoreH. MALCHMAN&BRO.Thos. Jlalehman, Prop.CLOTHIERS, HATTERSand FURNISHERSMain StreetTelephoneConnectionFalmouthTIMEis the important faSt;iin Te«-linologyAustralian Journal of Experimental Biologyand Medical Science (Adelaide, South Australia)Advance Abstract Sheets -_._-_-- $3.00 per yearBibliog-raphic Service Cards - $5.00 per yearBoth appear before the complete articles are publishedTHE WISTAR INSTITUTEThlrty-Klxth Street and Woodland Avenue :: Philadelphia, Pa.

!!JAPANESEPAGE EIGHT THE COLLECTING NET|THINGS WENT ASKE\VABOARD THE LOU I(Cliiipi'il frmu till' Vlneyaril Gazitte)The night was dark, peacehovered nigh, all Woods Holewas asleep, when down whereall the moored boats lie did boldmiscreants creep. They saw thegood ship Lou hauled out uponthe railway there while soundsof snoring surged about andshook the midnight air.'Twas Captain Nelson Lucewho slept the slumber of thejust, while nearer these marauderscrept through blockings,chains and dust, until theyreached the shadow cast byNelson's land-bourne bark. Ohthen the moon above the mastlooked down on doings, darkThe shackle from the chainwas knocked, the wedges alldrawn back from where thecradle wheels were chocked uponthe railway track. Then with aheaving bar they worked, theytwisted and they pried until theladen cradle jerked and startedfor the tide.Within the cabin CaptainLuce uprose from off his bed andvaguely mumbled, "What thedeuce!" as carlines bumped hishead. And ere the deck cameto his view, though speedingfrom his berth, the cradle quickenedand the Lou forsook thesolid earth!He gained the stairs and deckat last, the moon peeped from acloud, the cradle held the Loustill fast and Nelson groanedaloud. Between him and thedry beach sand the harborwaters rolled while from asteeple near at hand the hour ofmidnight tolled.Philosophy did aid him there;it was a waiting game. He wentbelow and slept again until themorning came. Then hailed apasser-by who strode along theharbor sand and launched a boatto row the captain safe to land.All turned out well but CaptainLuce declares it is no joketo suffer such ill-timed abuse andhave his slumber broke beside tosuffer fear and shock lest harmbefall his boat and, worst, tostick as on a rock, at sea but notafloatNote: Captain Luce is in chargeof the fish traps at the laboratory.The italics are ours. We wanted ourlocal readers to know that someone,at least, appreciates "the dry beachsand" of the Eel Pond shore!TO CHEVROLET OWNERSA Verse for Land AnimalsOur fruitful mother ChevroletHas many children under way.It makes a per.son feel quite bitterTo count a million in a litterAnd feel tliat nevermore can heCompete with su

—VnMiiiic IINumber SWOODS HOLE, MASS., SATURDAY, AUGUST 27, 1927$ubNcri|»tinii $1.2r>FIRE DESTROYS SHEDOF LOCAL CONTRACTORBlazes Laid toIncendiarismBurning of HatchvillePlace Used as DecoyFire, believed to be of incendiaryorigin, destroyed the toolshedof Sidney W. Lawrence,state highway contractor, andthe old Parker place, at Hatchville,early Thursday morning,August 18. The latter, theproperty of Howard Swift, wasreported to be afire at 12:2-5a. m., a short while after theclose of the banquet which thefiremen had held at Woods Hole.The tool-shed was fired whilethe apparatus was all concentratedat Hatchville.A few minutes after EliasRoss, of Falmouth Heights, hadarrived at his post as watchmanfor the State Highway constructiondepot near Lawrence'splace, at 2 a. m., he heard talkingoutside his shed. Going out,he discovered two men lightingmatches by the side of the workshop. These men escaped to awaiting automobile upon Ross'sapproach. When the watchmanreturned to his post he discoveredthe tool-shed, which containedequipment valued at severalthousand dollars, in flames.In the meantime, Fire ChiefR. D. Wells had returned fromthe blaze at Hatchville. He wasawakened by Officer VeasieBrackett with the news that thesky was aglow. Chief Wells,thinking that the fireat Hatchvillehad rekindled, ordered theapparatus to that place. Whenthe mistake was discovered thedepartment hastened back tothe fire at the tool-shed.The hazards of the firemenwere materially increased bythe fact that there were twodrums of oil in the burning shedand a large tank of gasoline immediatelynear it. Fortunately,none of these combustibles exploded.Three $400 electric transformersformed part of the loss.These were connected to thepower line running by the shed.SUPPLEMENT IN COMMEMORATION OFJACQUES LOEB TO APPEAR THIS FALL^hitodcil AnnouncementOn the afternoon of August 4 exercises were held inthe auditorium of the Marine Biological Laboratory onthe occasion of the unveiling of the Memorial Tablet toJacques Loeb. Because of this and owing to the manyyears in which Dr. Loeb has been intimately associatedwith this Laboratory, and the great influence" of his workon the type of investigation which now so largely prevails,it is fitting that The Collecting Net bring out a supplementincommemoration of Dr. Loeb.A feature of this commemorative number will be afull page portrait of Dr. Loeb together with a reproductionof the Memorial Tablet. This picture will be suitable forframing. The remainder of the numher will be m.ade upof articles by Dr. Loeb's associates and friends, dealingespecially with his life and personality. This supplementwill be a greatly enlarged number to accommodate thematerial that is available.Our subscribers will obtain the issue without charge,and in case their permanent address is not already on fileit should be given to us before December 1.UNCATENA LAID UPAT VINEYARD HAVENOn Tuesday morning whiledocking at the Vineyard Havenwharf the Steamer Uncatenamet with an accident which hassince prevented its scheduledtrips. Due to a mechanical defectthe connecting rod separatedfrom the piston head. Noother damage resulted, thoughthe accident was a dangerousone and it is fortunate that theengineer escaped the long andheavy connecting rod whileswinging free.At the time of going to presswe learn that the company expectsto have the veteran steamerin service again on Saturday.Saturday afternoon, August20. the local fire departmentanswered a report put in by amember of the Coast Guard Stationthat there was a firerear of the residence of Dr.Warren, on Penzance Road.When the apparatus arrived, aperfectly well-behaved incineratorwas discovered doing itsin theduty, although creating greatvolumes of smoke.LIBRARY TO GIVE ANELABORATE PROGRAMA program of songs, dancesand instrumental music will berendered in the auditorium ofthe Marine Biological Laboratoryon Thursday evening, Sept.1, at eight o'clock.Woods Hole is very fortunatein having such an artist here asMiss Use Huebner, formerly ofVienna, now with the CincinnatiConservatory of Music,and a frequent soloist and accompanistwith the CincinnatiOrchestra.She will play some delightfultrios for violin and cello andpiano—with Mrs. Truman Fassett,cellist, and Richard Warbasse,violinist. The MissesProssness will add variety to theprogram by giving a series ofdances. Mrs. Truman Fassettwill sing a group of baritonesongs—and both the cellist andviolinist will contribute somecelo and violin solos to the program.This promises to be anevening of readily worth whileas well as enjoyable music.SCHOLARSHFP FUNDPROJECT SUCCESSFUL'Tho Tale of An Ancient Mariner"Presented to a Larg^e AudienceOn Wednesday evening, Aug.23, The Collecting Net sponsoreda lecture on the whaling industryas it was carried on in daysbut recently gone by. We werefavored by having one of thebest authorities speak to us onthe subject, Mr. Chester ScottHowland of New Bedford, whois a son of Capt. George L.Howland, for many years theskipper of the Bark Canton.In 1890 Captain Howland washonored by the government ofGreat Britain for the heroic rescueof 16 members of the crewof the Bark "British Monarch"burned at sea 700 miles off thecoast of Africa. The lecturewas very fully illustrated withboth moving pictures and lanternslides. The uses of severalwhaling weapons and implementswere demonstrated :harpoon, shoulder bomb-gun,bomb lance, killing lance andothers. Possibly the mincingknife, of "Bible-leaf thinness"ability, will remain longest inthe rnemory of the actively religiousaudience.Of the four kinds of whaleextant, the sperm whale was themost highly prized, owing to itsvaluable yield of spermaceti.The voyagers pursued theirquarry all over the world andon the average a singleexpeditionlasted over a period ofthree years. The longest onrecord covered the time ofeleven long years. All WoodsHolers have known ever sincethey became Woods Holers thatthey are in the general vicinityof the headquarters of the oldwhaling industry; but to havethe tremendous significance ofNew Bedford and Nantucket inthis industry forcefully impressedupon them was muchappreciated. Several delightfulmusical numbers were renderedby Herman Field, violinist, andBlanche Nelsen, pianist.Professor Conklin, chosen tointroduce the speaker becauseof his peculiar fitness for the(Continued on Pag-e 2)

PAGE TWO THE COLLECTING NETThe Collecting NetA weekly publication devoted tothe activities of the Marine BiologicalLaboratory and of Woods Hole ingeneral.BOARD OF ADVISORSRobert Chambers, Prof, of Anatomy,Cornell University Medical School. forthcoming.EJwin G. Conklin, Pnif. of Biology,Princeton University.Lorande L. Woodruff, Prof, of Protozoology,Yale University.EDITORIAL STAFFWare Cattell EditorHugh Montgomery Art EditorMrs. L. V. Heilbrunn. .General NewsHelen S. Morris General NewsJack FoggSport NewsBusineM Sta6FKatharine Underwood. .. .Bus. Man.Use MichaelisAsst. Bus. Man.{Application for entry as second-classmatter is peTiding.)The Universal PressNew Bedford WoodsMassachusettsHoleTHE COLLECTING NETwishes to exleat its heartiestthanks to all those whose spontaneousassistance contributedso largely to the success cf thepreseniaticn of "Ihe Ta?e ofAn Ancient Mariner."The total receipts from ourWednesday evening performancewere $364.00 and the expenseswere only $45.00. Thisleaves a balance of $319.00 forThe CoUecting Net ScholarshipFund.To the Editor:We received on July 16th a letterfrom you, soliciting an advertisementfrom us and we intended to instructyou to insert one in the next issueof your paper. Unfortunately yourletter was misiaid and it consequentlyescaped our attention until thismorning, when it was found while wewere looking through our files.Although we are too late to advertisethis year, we are enclosing ourcheck for $5.00 as it is our desire tocontribute in this small way and cooperatewith you; and for next yearwe wish to engage a space in eachissue of your paper.We realize and appreciate thewonderful achievements of the MarineBiological Laboratory and wishfor you every success.Very truly yours,Judah S. Nickerson,Proprietor.Falmouth Plumting & Hardware Co.Falmouth, Mass.PERSISTENCYThe brilliant lightning-bug flies swrift,He flashes here, he flashes there.With constant change of aim, or drift,That does not get him anywhere.The humble inch-worm, without light.Directs himself towards a goal,And having stretched his limit, quite.He humps himself, that steadfastsoul! PH- D.HELEN MORRIS HELPSAVIATORS AT NOBSKADue to the modesty of one ofour correspondents, HelenMorris, an item of interestwhich should have appeared acouple of weeks ago was notNow that she ha.smade her departure it seemssafe to give a brief account ofher unique experience. Manyof us in Woods Hole rememberthat on Wednesday afternoon,August 11, one of the navyairplanes hovered over WoodsHole and its surrounding territory,landing once or twice onthe water and often skimmingwhat seemed to be dangerouslyclose to buildings and boats.-It was about five o'clock inthe afternoon when the hydroplanelanded perhaps a half mileout at sea from the Nobskabeach and then came as closeas the rough water breaking onthe beach permitted. By shouting,those on the plane tried tocommunicate with the people onthe shore, but their voices hadto give away to the sound of thewind and waves and were quiteunintelligible to those on shore.Helen Morris, one of the dozenor so people over at Nobskabeach for a swim, took upon herselfthe spectacular task ofswimming out to the hydroplaneto see if she could be ofany assistance to those onboard. A little later she returned,swimming through thebreakers, with a note in herteeth containing a message forDr. N. A. Cobb of the Fish Commission.She emerged from thewater and modestly made ahasty retreat from the ever increasingand admiring crowd.Currents inthe HoleAt following hours the currentin the hole turns to run from BuzzardsBay to Vineyard Sound:DATESCHOLARSHIP FUNDPROJECT SUCCESSFUL(Continued from Page 1)

NOBSKA FOG HORNSOUNDS HALF ASLONG IN OCTOBERAS DURING JULYThe following informationconcerning the weather has beenobtained from the "UnitedStates Coast Pilot".Winds. On Nantucket Shoalsand through Nantucket andVineyard Sounds, the prevailingwinds are westerly andnorthwesterly in winter, andsouthwesterly in summer. FromVineyard Sound westward theprevailing winds are northwesterlyand northerly in winter,and southwesterly and southerlyin summer, but subject tomany variations at all seasons.Fogs are liable to occur at anyseason, but are more prevalentfrom April to October than duringthe rest of the year. Theycome most f c-equently with easterlyand southeasterly winds,and occasionally with the windwestward of south. Off MontaukPoint and Point Judith,winds between south and southwestare nearly as apt to briiigfog as those from southwestward.Westerly and northerlywinds clear away fog, this holdinggood for all parts ot theAtlantic coast.The following table shows theaverage number of hours permonth, from a record of sixyears or more, that the fogsignals were operated at thestated light stations of theUnited States:or floodTHE COLLECTING NET PAGE THREEcurrent; but for placesin narrow channels, landlockedharbors, or on tidal rivers thetime of slack current may differby two or three hours from thetime of high or low water stand,and local knowledge is requiredto enable one to make the properallowance for this delay inthe conditions of tidal currents.LocalityTide*

!Apparatus'PAGE FOUR THE COLLECTING NETFREE SPEAKS AT FIREDEPARTMENT BANQUETA banquet was held on Wednesdayevening, August 17,forthe members of the Woods HoleFire Department and their invitedguests.Congressman A. M. Freefrom California told of the workthat the government was carryingout inthe fostering of raisingsalmon, and also of theseals on Pribloff Island.Among other things he informedthe audience that thelocal Fish Commission boat,the Phalvope, had been condemnedand by next year it willbe replaced by a new and betterequipped craft and he suggestedthat those wanting toride on the old Philrope shouldmake use of their last opportunity,and get permission fromCaptain Robert Veeder to goout on one of his trips this Fall.Joseph Walsh, Judge of theSuperior Coui't of this district,related his boyhood days inWoods Hole. Mr. Dale, chief ofthe fire department in New Bedford,spoke in glowing terms ofthe new pumping engine and thegeneral equipment of the WoodsHole Fire Department.Walter 0. Luscombe and ArthurUnderwood, chairman ofthe Board of Selectmen, complimentedthe fire department uponits efficiency in its variousactivities.PARK TAILORING SHOPMen's and Women's Fine TailoringWILLIAM SCHLEIWUK. I'rop.Work Called For and DeliveredM'ei'lis BhlK.. Falnionth. Alitss.Dr. George H. GreeneDENTISTOtfict', Nearly Opposite St. BarnabasMemorial ChurnhFALMOITH, AIASS.Hours: 9 A. M. - 12 M. ; 1-4 P. M.Tt'k'plione ?..")IDEALRESTAURANTMain StreetWoods HoleHardwaro Paints aud Varnislif.sCHARLES T. EASTMANFALMOUTH, MASS.Phone Order.s Promptly DeliveredTel. 407KitchenFuruishinjrsGlenwoodVisit Cape Cod's LargestDepartment StoreRangesH. MALCHMAN&BRO.Thos. Malchman, Prop.CLOTHIERS, HATTERSand FURNISHERSMain StreetTelephoneFalmouthConnectionNEW PALOMICRO-PROJECTOGRAPHTill.' most cMiiiviiticnl ami incxpensiv.instrument available for drawing, prn-.lection, and pliutomicrojrraphy. Exccllontfor visual (dncatiou.IFoMow^ the Crowd toDANIELS'for Home-made Ice Cream,Delicious Sandwiches,CoffeePICMC LtNt'IIESTEXASThe Bureau of Fisheries Laboratoryheld its annual picnicon August 22 at Tarpaulin Cove.The Phalarope left the dock at10 :30 in the morning with thelargest crowd aboard—numberingsixty-five in all—^that theboat has ever carried.After the regular New Englandclam dinner, charades wereheld in which the older membersof the party took part, beingawarded with prizes for theirvery fine efforts. Races wereheld for the children and kiteflying,target shooting, andother games were indulged in byall. The Phalarope returnedabout 5:00 o'clock and everyoneagreed that it was one of thenicest picnics the Fisheries hasever had.App:ir:iliiN hi \orfiral position for(fniwiiiK or photograpKhigThe mioroscope is efjuipped with aiaehnimalio ob;iectivp and an ()rfliOKcopi(eyt-piece. The i^xaet magnitications ohtained are read off from falibrations orthe draw tube. Uungt* of majiiiilieatiniM((X I.I 2WIX. Other standard objective;,may be used if hi^rlier powers are desired.I'hotomicropraph.s of any si/.omay bimade. Projections up to 25 feet aripossible.. Complete with drawing board, 15 fedcord and switch and microscope. $4s.(inWrite f(ir complete descriptionPALO COMPANYfor liuinslrial and LaboratoryUseJ53 Went 23rd Str«-

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