<strong>ENRICHED</strong> <strong>INDEXED</strong> <strong>CATEGORIES</strong> 641An indexed V -functor F : A → B consists of V X -enriched functors F X : A X → B Xtogether with isomorphismsF X ◦ f ∗ ∼ = f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (F Y )such that the following diagrams of isomorphisms commute:F X ◦ (gf) ∗(gf) ∗ ◦ ((gf) ∗ ) • (F Z )F X ◦ f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (g ∗ ) f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (F Y ) ◦ (f ∗ ) • (g ∗ )f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (F Y ◦ g ∗ )f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (g ∗ ) ◦ (f ∗ ) • (g ∗ ) • (F Z ) f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (g ∗ ◦ (g ∗ ) • (F Z ))F X ◦ (1 X ) ∗ (1 X ) ∗ ◦ ((1 X ) ∗ ) • (F X )F X .Finally, an indexed V -natural transformation consists of V X -natural transformationsα X : F X → G X such that the following diagram of isomorphisms commutes:F X ◦ f ∗f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (F Y )G X ◦ f ∗ f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (G Y ).We denote the resulting 2-category by V -Cat.The required fully-faithfulness of f ∗ : (f ∗ ) • A Y → A X may seem odd. The followingexample should help clarify the intent.4.2. Example. Let V be an ordinary monoidal category and A a (large) V-enrichedcategory. We define an indexed Fam(V)-category Fam(A) where, for a set X, Fam(A) Xis the V X -enriched category of X-indexed families of objects of A. That is, for (A x ) x∈Xand (B x ) x∈X with each A x , B x ∈ A, the hom-object in V X is defined byFam(A) X (A, B) x = A(A x , B x ).For a function f : Y → X, the V Y -enriched category (f ∗ ) • A has hom-objects in V Y :Fam(A) X (A, B) y = A(A f(y) , B f(y) ).Finally, the functor f ∗ : (f ∗ ) • A X → A Y sends an X-indexed family (A x ) x∈X to theY -indexed family defined by (f ∗ A) y = A f(y) . Thus we haveFam(A) Y (f ∗ A, f ∗ B) y = A((f ∗ A) y , (f ∗ B) y ) = A(A f(y) , B f(y) ) = Fam(A) X (A, B) f(y)
642 MICHAEL SHULMANand hence Fam(A) Y (f ∗ A, f ∗ B) = f ∗ (Fam(A) X (A, B)), so that f ∗ : (f ∗ ) • A X → A Yfully faithful. This construction defines a 2-functorisFam : V-CAT → Fam(V)-Cat.It is not essentially surjective, but it induces an equivalence on hom-categories (i.e. itis bicategorically fully-faithful). We could characterize its essential image by imposing“stack” conditions.Here are a few other important examples.4.3. Example. If V is symmetric and closed as in Theorem 2.14(i), then we can regardit as an indexed V -category, by regarding each closed symmetric monoidal category V Xas enriched over itself, and each closed monoidal functor f ∗ : V Y → V X as a fully faithfulV X -enriched functor (f ∗ ) • V Y → V X .4.4. Example. If S has finite limits, then an indexed Self (S)-category is precisely alocally internal category over S, as defined in [Pen74] or [Joh02, §B2.2], and similarly forfunctors and transformations.4.5. Example. Indexed K -categories and K ∗ -categories, where K and K ∗ are the indexedcosmoi from Examples 2.32 and 2.33, are ubiquitous throughout [MS06].4.6. Example. Let A be an indexed V -category, and T a monad on A in the 2-categoryV -Cat. This is easily seen to consist of(i) A V X -enriched monad T X on C X , for every X, and(ii) Isomorphisms f ∗ ◦ (f ∗ ) • (T Y ) ∼ = T X ◦ f ∗ which simultaneously make T into anindexed V -functor and f ∗ into a morphism of V X -enriched monads from (f ∗ ) • (T Y )to T X .We can then form the Eilenberg-Moore object Alg(T ) in V -Cat. Explicitly, Alg(T ) X =Alg(T X ), with transition functors induced by the above morphisms of monads.For instance, if V is an indexed cosmos and R is a monoid in V 1 , then there is aV -monad on V defined by R X A = πX ∗ R ⊗ X A, whose algebras in V X are πX ∗ R-modules.As another example, if V is an indexed cartesian cosmos with fiberwise countablecolimits, then there is a V -monad T on V for which Alg(T ) X is the V X -enriched categoryof monoids in V X . More generally, we can consider algebras for any finite-product theory.Finally, if V is a cartesian cosmos with countable coproducts and C is an operad inV 1 as in [May72, Kel05], then πX ∗ C is an operad in V X , for any X. The induced monad̂πX ∗ C on V X is V X -enriched, because V is cartesian, and as X varies these fit togetherinto a V -monad Ĉ on V . We thus obtain a V -category of C-algebras. Taking V to beK as in Example 2.32, we obtain V -categories of parametrized A ∞ - and E ∞ -spaces.