Enterprise COBOL for z/OS V4.2 Programming Guide

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xiiEnterprise COBOL for z/OS V4.2 Programming Guide
Tables1. FILE-CONTROL entries . . . . . . . . 82. FILE SECTION entries . . . . . . . . 143. Assignment to data items in a program 294. Effect of RMODE and RENT compileroptions on the RMODE attribute . . . . . 425. Ranges in value of COMP-5 data items 516. Internal representation of numeric items 537. NUMCLS(PRIM) and valid signs . . . . . 578. NUMCLS(ALT) and valid signs . . . . . 579. Order of evaluation of arithmetic operators 5910. Numeric intrinsic functions . . . . . . . 6011. Compatibility of math intrinsic functions andcallable services . . . . . . . . . . . 6112. INTDATE(LILIAN) and compatibility of dateintrinsic functions and callable services. . . 6213. INTDATE(ANSI) and compatibility of dateintrinsic functions and callable services. . . 6214. Hexadecimal values of the euro sign . . . . 6715. COBOL statements and national data 12216. Intrinsic functions and national characterdata. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12417. National group items that are processedwith group semantics . . . . . . . . 13218. Encoding and size of alphanumeric, DBCS,and national data . . . . . . . . . . 13319. Summary of file organizations, accessmodes, and record formats of COBOL files . 14720. QSAM file allocation. . . . . . . . . 16721. Maximum record length of QSAM files 17122. Handling of QSAM user labels . . . . . 17623. Identifiers for standard tape labels . . . . 17624. Comparison of VSAM, COBOL, andnon-VSAM terminology. . . . . . . . 17925. Comparison of VSAM data-set types 18126. VSAM file organization, access mode, andrecord format . . . . . . . . . . . 18227. Definition of VSAM fixed-length records 18628. Definition of VSAM variable-length records 18629. I/O statements for VSAM sequential files 18830. I/O statements for VSAM relative andindexed files . . . . . . . . . . . 18831. Statements to load records into a VSAM file 19132. Statements to update records in a VSAMfile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19333. Methods for improving VSAM performance 20334. Methods for checking for sort errors withNOFASTSRT . . . . . . . . . . . 22835. Methods for controlling sort behavior 22836. Compiler data sets . . . . . . . . . 26537. Block size of fixed-length compiler data sets 26738. Block size of variable-length compiler datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26739. Types of compiler output under z/OS 27340. Severity codes for compiler diagnosticmessages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28141. Input files to the cob2 command . . . . . 289||||||42. Output files from the cob2 command 28943. Commands for compiling and linking aclass definition . . . . . . . . . . . 29244. java command options for customizing theJVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29445. Compiler options . . . . . . . . . . 30146. Mutually exclusive compiler options 30447. EBCDIC multibyte coded character setidentifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . 31248. Values of the LANGUAGE compiler option 32649. Severity levels of compiler messages 37450. Using compiler options to get listings 37751. Terms used in MAP output . . . . . . 38452. Symbols used in LIST and MAP output 38553. Signature information bytes for compileroptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39054. Signature information bytes for the DATADIVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . 39155. Signature information bytes for theENVIRONMENT DIVISION . . . . . . 39256. Signature information bytes forPROCEDURE DIVISION verbs . . . . . 39257. Signature information bytes for morePROCEDURE DIVISION items . . . . . 39458. Calls between COBOL and assembler underCICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41059. Compiler options required for the integratedCICS translator . . . . . . . . . . . 41260. Compiler options required for the separateCICS translator . . . . . . . . . . . 41561. TRUNC compiler options recommended forthe separate CICS translator . . . . . . 41562. Compiler options required with the DB2coprocessor . . . . . . . . . . . . 42463. Samples with POSIX function calls . . . . 44164. Effects of termination statements. . . . . 44865. Methods for passing data in the CALLstatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46666. Compiler options for DLL applications 48267. Binder options for DLL applications 48368. Special registers used by the XML parser 50869. Result of processing-procedure changes toXML-CODE with XMLPARSE(XMLSS) in effect . . 51170. Result of processing-procedure changes toXML-CODE with XMLPARSE(COMPAT) in effect . . 51171. Coded character sets for XML documents 52172. Hexadecimal values of white-spacecharacters. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52273. Aliases for XML encoding declarations 52474. Hexadecimal values of special characters forvarious EBCDIC CCSIDs . . . . . . . 52475. XML events and special registers . . . . 53176. XML events and special registers . . . . 53677. Encoding of generated XML if theENCODING phrase is omitted . . . . . 54778. Structure of class definitions . . . . . . 564© Copyright IBM Corp. 1991, 2009 xiii
Page 1: Enterprise COBOL for z/OSProgrammin
Page 4: Note!Before using this information
Page 7 and 8: Chapter 9. Processing QSAM files .
Page 9 and 10: LINECOUNT . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: ||Handling encoding conflicts . . .
Page 13: |||||XML PARSE exceptions withXMLPA
Page 17 and 18: PrefaceAbout this informationWelcom
Page 19 and 20: vThe ---> symbol indicates that the
Page 21 and 22: Summary of changesThis section list
Page 23 and 24: How to send your commentsYour feedb
Page 25 and 26: Part 1. Coding your programChapter
Page 27 and 28: Comparing national data andalphanum
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1. Structuring your program
Page 31 and 32: RELATED CONCEPTS“Nested programs
Page 33 and 34: Specifying the collating sequenceYo
Page 35 and 36: v ALLOCATE command under TSO.v Envi
Page 37 and 38: The AWO compiler option applies an
Page 39 and 40: Table 2. FILE SECTION entries (cont
Page 41 and 42: RELATED TASKS“Ending and reenteri
Page 43 and 44: A nested program can also access da
Page 45 and 46: “Scope terminators” on page 22
Page 47 and 48: IF ITEM = "A"DISPLAY "THE VALUE OF
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2. Using dataThis informati
Page 51 and 52: the DATA DIVISION as shown below. N
Page 53 and 54: For example:Move Spaces To Report-H
Page 55 and 56: ALPHABETIC-1 ANJUST before ANJUST a
Page 57 and 58: identical in each record that is pr
Page 59 and 60: RELATED TASKS“Assigning values to
Page 61 and 62: RELATED REFERENCES“DIAGTRUNC” o
Page 63 and 64: Displaying data on the system logic
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...Compute Sqrt = 16 ** .5Compute z
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Table 4. Effect of RMODE and RENT c
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Chapter 3. Working with numbers and
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Displaying numeric dataYou can defi
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vInternal floating point (USAGE COM
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A binary number with a PICTURE desc
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Table 6. Internal representation of
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When a USAGE COMP-2 data item is mo
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The numeric class test checks the c
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Arithmetic expressions can consist
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ARITH(EXTEND), COBOL floating-point
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General number handlingSuppose you
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Many statements in a program could
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Using currency signsadd report-matr
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Chapter 4. Handling tablesA table i
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Nesting tablesTo create a two-dimen
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vSubscriptingvvUse the data-name of
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Initialize the index-name by using
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“Examples: initializing data item
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RELATED TASKS“Assigning values to
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Creating variable-length tables (DE
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01 LOCATION-RECORD.05 LOC-CODE PIC
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Each dimension of the table has its
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eference all the items in the table
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Chapter 5. Selecting and repeating
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RELATED TASKS“Coding a choice of
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The following example shows that yo
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Class condition (Enterprise COBOL L
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01 Switches05 Transaction-EOF-Switc
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ElsePerform 400-Print-Transaction-E
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Chapter 6. Handling stringsCOBOL pr
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Because the POINTER field LINE-POS
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01 WORK-REC.05 M-UNITS PIC 9(6).05
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vvUse a SEARCH statement to locate
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If the leftmost character position
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Tallying and replacing data items (
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RELATED TASKS“Converting to upper
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RELATED REFERENCES“Conversions an
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“Processing table items using int
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RELATED TASKS“Performing arithmet
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Chapter 7. Processing data in an in
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Table 15. COBOL statements and nati
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Table 16. Intrinsic functions and n
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Defining national data itemsDefine
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The IF statement above evaluates as
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01 Nat-Group-1 GROUP-USAGE NATIONAL
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Table 17. National group items that
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You can likewise move the following
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Example: converting to and from nat
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RELATED REFERENCES“Storage of cha
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These operands are treated as if th
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An alphanumeric literal that contai
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Chapter 8. Processing filesReading
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vvIndexed (VSAM)Relative (VSAM)RELA
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two-character category alphanumeric
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Chapter 9. Processing QSAM filesQue
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In this information, QSAM logical r
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example, when you specify a MOVE st
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vYou have greater flexibility when
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vIf you omit the RECORD clause, the
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vOPEN I-OUsing a block size that ex
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Use the REVERSED option of the OPEN
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Specify the number of lines the pag
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Restriction: You cannot create a PD
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((Parameters for creating QSAM file
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RELATED TASKS“Processing existing
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A striped extended-format QSAM data
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There are two kinds of labels: stan
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Standard user labelsUser labels are
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Chapter 10. Processing VSAM filesVi
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The following table compares the ch
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numeric-edited, national decimal, o
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RELATED TASKS“Defining VSAM files
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Table 28. Definition of VSAM variab
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RELATED CONCEPTS“File position in
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In addition to extra overhead for p
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RELATED TASKS“Specifying access m
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Handling errors in VSAM filesIf you
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PASSWORD IS BASE-PASSALTERNATE RECO
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and the prime index). After you def
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In either case, dsname must be the
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Restrictions when using RLSWhen you
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Table 33. Methods for improving VSA
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Chapter 11. Processing line-sequent
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FILE SECTION.FDCOMMUTER-FILERECORD
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Characters in the file record are r
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Chapter 12. Sorting and merging fil
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2. Describe the sort file in an SD
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To transfer records to the sort pro
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PROCEDURE DIVISION.A-CONTROL SECTIO
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SORT Sort-Work-1ON ASCENDING KEY So
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10 WS-EXT-EMPLOYEE-NUM PIC X(6).10
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If you do not reference SORT-RETURN
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QSAM requirementsv QSAM files must
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Table 35. Methods for controlling s
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Allocating space for sort filesIf y
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Chapter 13. Handling errorsPut code
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vvvZero raised to the zero powerZer
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Set status key(if present)Applicabl
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the execution of the statements wit
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Using VSAM status codes (VSAM files
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OPEN INPUT VSAMFILE FS-CODE: 00STAR
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PROCEDURE-POINTER data items enable
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Part 2. Compiling and debugging you
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Chapter 14. Compiling under z/OSYou
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Additional details about invoking c
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IGYWCL PROC LNGPRFX='IGY.V4R2M0',SY
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*//* PARAMETER DEFAULT VALUE USAGE/
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*//* COMPILE, PRELINK, LINK EDIT, A
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*//* COMPILE, PRELINK, LOAD, AND RU
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Compiling under TSO//JOB1 JOB (1)//
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ALLOC F(SYSUT5) NEW SPACE(5,5) TRAC
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“Defining an associated-data file
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The following table shows the defin
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Defining the output data set (SYSPR
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RELATED TASKSLanguage Environment C
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You can use more than one PROCESS s
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To create separate load modules, pr
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If you specify the LIB option for t
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Correcting errors in your source pr
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message-textThe message text; for a
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Chapter 15. Compiling under z/OS UN
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2. The values of BUFSIZE, LIB, SQL,
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Example: using cob2 to compile and
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cob2 input and output filesYou can
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Chapter 16. Compiling, linking, and
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After you issue the cob2 and javac
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Running OO applications that start
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|||In limited circumstances, howeve
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|//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*//SYSTERM DD
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Chapter 17. Compiler optionsYou can
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system administrator.) To determine
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“Specifying compiler options in a
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v The maximum number of digits in t
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|BUFSIZEUse BUFSIZE to allocate an
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ccsid must be an integer that repre
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COMPILEUse the COMPILE option only
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Abbreviations are: NoneFor reentran
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DBCSUsing DBCS causes the compiler
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DLL option syntax►►NODLLDLL►
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vCOBOL programs that have EXEC SQL
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Error messages in the source listin
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LINE.COL CODEIGYDS8211FIPS MESSAGE
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LIBIf your program uses COPY, BASIS
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MAP option syntax►►NOMAPMAP►
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Any SEQUENCE compiler-option proces
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sequence. (In contrast, SEQUENCE ch
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vOBJECT output goes to the data set
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If OPTIMIZE is specified without an
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PGMNAME(COMPAT)||||With PGMNAME(COM
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QUOTE/APOST option syntax►►QUOT
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Link-edit considerations: If the ob
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Abbreviations are: S|NOSYou must sp
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SQLCCSIDUse the SQLCCSID compiler o
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Default is: NOTERMINALAbbreviations
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You can control the amount of debug
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vvvvvvvvGO TO statement without pro
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TRUNC example 1non-COBOL programs o
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WORD option syntax►►NOWORDWORD(
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“Example: XREF output: data-name
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ZWB option syntax►►ZWBNOZWB►
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Chapter 18. Compiler-directing stat
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If library-name is an environment v
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Chapter 19. DebuggingYou can choose
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RELATED CONCEPTS“Scope terminator
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vUSE FOR DEBUGGING declaratives, if
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Checking syntax only: To only check
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RELATED REFERENCES“Severity codes
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RELATED TASKS“Getting listings”
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Table 50. Using compiler options to
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(1) Message about options passed to
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(7) Hexadecimal displacement from t
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Table 51. Terms used in MAP output
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(2) Source line number where the pr
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0000DE 00000000 DC V(CEEBETBL) 4) A
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|Table 53. Signature information by
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Table 56. Signature information byt
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Table 57. Signature information byt
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DATA VALIDATION AND UPDATE PROGRAM
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(1) (2) (3)Defined Cross-reference
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DD DSN=USERID.COBOL.LIB2PDSE, 1DD D
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The verbs are listed in the order i
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Part 3. Targeting COBOL programs fo
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Chapter 20. Developing COBOL progra
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RELATED CONCEPTS“Integrated CICS
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same parameters also to any program
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Separating CICS suboptionsYou can p
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Table 60. Compiler options required
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If a condition, aid, or abend occur
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Chapter 21. Programming for a DB2 e
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The following two lines are therefo
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Using binary items in SQL statement
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CBL SQL("string2")CBL SQL("string3"
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For applications that use COBOL alp
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Coprocessor: With the DB2 coprocess
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Chapter 22. Developing COBOL progra
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For example, you can define a COBOL
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IMS database. The Java class librar
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Chapter 23. Running COBOL programs
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“Running OO applications under z/
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You can call the fork(), exec(), an
Page 467 and 468:
Example: accessing main program par
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Part 4. Structuring complex applica
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Chapter 24. Using subprogramsMany a
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Table 64. Effects of termination st
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“DYNAM” on page 320CALL stateme
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subprogram that was first called by
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1. COBOLA is AMODE 31. COBOLA dynam
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IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.PROGRAM-ID.
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The following example describes a n
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Making recursive callsAny item that
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RELATED TASKS“Deciding which type
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Chapter 25. Sharing dataWhen a run
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Table 65. Methods for passing data
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In a called program, you can test w
Page 495 and 496:
String Y delimited by sizeX'00' del
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IF DEPT = DEPT-XTHEN ADD SALARY TO
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Specifying CALL . . . RETURNINGYou
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Copy efselect.Data Division.File Se
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Stop RunEnd-IfGoback.End Program ef
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Chapter 26. Creating a DLL or a DLL
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If a DLL load module includes some
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Prelinking certain DLLsYou must use
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DLL linkage refers to a call in a p
Page 513 and 514:
descriptor of the target program. Y
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01 fp usage function-pointer.Proced
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Chapter 27. Preparing COBOL program
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RELATED TASKS“Choosing THREAD to
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vvvvvvAT ENDNOT AT ENDINVALID KEYNO
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Handling COBOL limitations with mul
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Part 5. Using XML and COBOL togethe
Page 527 and 528:
Chapter 28. Processing XML inputYou
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Normally, parsing continues until t
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vIf the parse data item is alphanum
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Table 68. Special registers used by
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|||XML-CODEFor each XML event excep
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To determine the number of bytes in
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vvIf the format is reasonably regul
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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You parse an XML document a segment
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vIf XMLPARSE(COMPAT) is in effect:
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v- The ENCODING phrase (if used) of
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Parsing XML documents encoded in UT
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If the exception code is within a c
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exception. However, the parser does
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XML PARSE examplesRELATED TASKS“W
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***********************************
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Content characters: { }Start elemen
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Table 76. XML events and special re
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ContinueEnd-evaluate.End program PA
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Chapter 29. Producing XML outputYou
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Alternatively, you can specify the
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XML generation continues until eith
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Example: generating XMLRELATED REFE
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88 element value 2.88 attribute val
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delimited by size into buffer with
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01 CDR-LIFE-BASE-VALUES-BOX.15 CDR-
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==CDR-LIFE-BASE-VALUE-LINE== by ==B
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Part 6. Developing object-oriented
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Chapter 30. Writing object-oriented
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The words in parentheses in the dia
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Table 78. Structure of class defini
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In the REPOSITORY paragraph, you mu
Page 593 and 594:
the OBJECT paragraph defines. If yo
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Code the method-name as an alphanum
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You can specify STOP RUN in a metho
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Clients could invoke either init me
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01 outBalance pic S9(9) binary.Proc
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“Example: defining a client” on
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RELATED REFERENCESRETURNING phrase
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When you code an INVOKE statement u
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aString to a data item, anObj, that
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To create a new instance of class c
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There could be times, however, when
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In the example above, CheckingAccou
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CheckingAccount class (subclass of
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Identification division.Factory.Dat
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RELATED TASKS“Coding interoperabl
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Identification division.Object.Data
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End Factory.*Identification divisio
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“Defining a factory method” on
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Local-storage section.01 SAlen pic
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Chapter 31. Communicating with Java
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vThrowNewYou must make the thrown o
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Otherwise, an error occurs. These s
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Table 86. Interoperable data types
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Table 89. JNI array services (conti
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|mainframe. Access these services b
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Services for UTF-8: The Java Native
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Stop runEnd-ifInvoke PortableRemote
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Part 7. Specialized processingChapt
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Chapter 32. Interrupts and checkpoi
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Testing for a successful checkpoint
Page 653 and 654:
To suppress both restart and writin
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“Example: requesting a deferred r
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vvThe RESTART parameter has been ad
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Chapter 33. Processing two-digit-ye
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vvNo special processing is done for
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To implement this century window, y
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On Size ErrorDisplay "Exp-Cust-Date
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moved to the corresponding expanded
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If there are date fields in your ap
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In many cases, particularly for lit
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You activate trigger and limit supp
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The special indicators that DFSORT
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To ensure appropriate calculations,
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Use more DATE FORMAT clauses instea
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vvvvvvAdd DATE FORMAT clauses to an
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Part 8. Improving performance and p
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Chapter 34. Tuning your programWhen
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Using symbolic constantsTo have the
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Using consistent data typesIn opera
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RELATED CONCEPTS“Optimization of
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Optimizing your codeWhen your progr
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1 SECTION 5.11. PERFORM 12STOP RUN.
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Table 93. Performance-related compi
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Table 93. Performance-related compi
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For better performance, access the
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Chapter 35. Simplifying codingYou c
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If you use the EXIT compiler option
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Table 95. Language Environment call
Page 709 and 710:
Part 9. Appendixes© Copyright IBM
Page 711 and 712:
Appendix A. Intermediate results an
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RELATED REFERENCESROUNDED phrase (E
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In extended mode (compilation using
Page 717 and 718:
Function Inner-dmax Digit precision
Page 719 and 720:
vvvSingle precision is used if all
Page 721 and 722:
Appendix B. Complex OCCURS DEPENDIN
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The value of an ODO object can chan
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VARY-FIELD-1(1)VARY-FIELD-1(2)VARY-
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Appendix C. Converting double-byte
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Table 96. IGZCA2D return codesRetur
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RELATED REFERENCES“IGZCD2A return
Page 733 and 734:
Appendix D. XML reference materialT
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XML PARSE exceptions with XMLPARSE(
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||||||Table 99. XML PARSE exception
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RELATED CONCEPTS“XML-CODE” on p
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||||Table 100. XML PARSE exceptions
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Appendix E. EXIT compiler option|||
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Using the user-exit work area“Pro
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|||||||Table 104. INEXIT parameters
Page 749 and 750:
LIBEXIT parameters|||||||||||||||Th
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|||||||||||||Table 110. PRTEXIT par
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“Calling from exit modules” on
Page 755 and 756:
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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||||||Table 116. Actions possible i
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Appendix F. JNI.cpyThis listing sho
Page 767 and 768:
02 CallByteMethodA function-pointer
Page 769 and 770:
02 NewByteArray function-pointer.02
Page 771 and 772:
Appendix G. COBOL SYSADATA file con
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Table 117. SYSADATA record types (c
Page 775 and 776:
Common header section“Source reco
Page 777 and 778:
Table 119. SYSADATA job identificat
Page 779 and 780:
Table 122. SYSADATA options record
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|||||Table 122. SYSADATA options re
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Table 124. SYSADATA parse tree reco
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Table 125. SYSADATA token record (c
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Table 126. SYSADATA source error re
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Table 129. SYSADATA symbol record (
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Library record: X’0060’The foll
Page 835 and 836:
Table 135. SYSADATA EVENTS PROCESSO
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Table 139. SYSADATA EVENTS ERROR re
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Appendix H. Using sample programsTh
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4. Work code5. Commuter name6. Home
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*VOLUME(your-volume-serial) -FILE(V
Page 845 and 846:
%%+Enter%END+command to terminate I
Page 847 and 848:
RELATED TASKS“Preparing to run IG
Page 849 and 850:
Fields 8 and 9 occur one to eight t
Page 851 and 852:
Example: IGYTSALE sales and commiss
Page 853 and 854:
RELATED TASKS“Running IGYTSALE”
Page 855 and 856:
Language element or conceptFILE SEC
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Language element or conceptVariable
Page 859 and 860:
NoticesThis information was develop
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Each copy or any portion of these s
Page 863 and 864:
GlossaryThe terms in this glossary
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involve the existence of an actualc
Page 867 and 868:
|* class identification entryAn ent
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* complex conditionA condition in w
Page 871 and 872:
not be reference-modified, subscrip
Page 873 and 874:
data that are bound to a program at
Page 875 and 876:
* external data itemA data item tha
Page 877 and 878:
* global nameA name that is declare
Page 879 and 880:
user. ISPF includes library utiliti
Page 881 and 882:
* level indicatorTwo alphabetic cha
Page 883 and 884:
NATIONAL and that contains a validc
Page 885 and 886:
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION01 TABLE-1.0
Page 887 and 888:
group of logically successive secti
Page 889 and 890:
Character Meaning> Greater than< Le
Page 891 and 892:
* sign conditionThe proposition (fo
Page 893 and 894:
can be determined) that an UPSI swi
Page 895 and 896:
as named in the Unicode Standard.wi
Page 897 and 898:
List of resourcesEnterprise COBOL f
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IndexSpecial characters_BPX_SHAREAS
Page 901 and 902:
CALL statement (continued)BY CONTEN
Page 903 and 904:
columns in tables 69COMMON attribut
Page 905 and 906:
COPY statement (continued)descripti
Page 907 and 908:
DISPLAY (USAGE IS)encoding and stor
Page 909 and 910:
file availabilityQSAM files under z
Page 911 and 912:
initializing (continued)a tableall
Page 913 and 914:
level-88 itemconditional expression
Page 915 and 916:
national data (continued)converting
Page 917 and 918:
OPTFILE compiler option 335optimiza
Page 919 and 920:
QSAM files (continued)DATA DIVISION
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sharing (continued)files (continued
Page 923 and 924:
table (continued)redefining a recor
Page 925 and 926:
XML document (continued)enhancingex
Page 927 and 928:
Readers’ Comments — We’d Like
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Program Number: 5655-S71Printed in
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Enterprise COBOL for z/OS V4.2 Programming Guide

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