Reporting asylum - ICAR

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Media MonitoringThis is a media monitoring study, which analyses the content of newspaper reporting on asylum seekers andrefugees in a sample of newspapers during a fixed time period. There are four sources of data used in this research.Information in the event timeline gives a benchmark of newsworthy events occurring during the monitoringperiod and this is based on selected websites. The main source of data in this study is newspaper articles, whichare subjected to content analysis. Certain articles are investigated further, and this includes drawing on primarysources of information which are cited in newspaper articles, for example research reports, political speeches, orHome Office statistics. Finally, information is gained from interviews with newspaper editors.Time Frame and Event TimelineThe time period of the newspaper sample was 10 weeks from Monday 10th January 2005 until Sunday 20thMarch 2005. This time period was determined by the timetable of the National Refugee Integration Forum, andnot chosen by the researchers. Newspapers record the events of an ever changing world and so it is in the nature ofstudies of newspaper reporting that the time period chosen has a significant impact on the results, that the impactis unpredictable, and that no two time periods are likely to produce the same results. There is no such thing as a‘typical’ or ‘normal’ period for reporting current affairs - any period chosen would be characterised by a uniquecombination of events. This must be taken into account in any attempt to compare results from two mediamonitoring studies covering different time frames. This represents a limitation on the aim of measuring the impactof the introduction of the Guidance Note. However some attempt is made to take into account the influenceof different time frames in comparing the results of this study with previous studies, in the conclusion. This isaided by using an event timeline. The purpose of the Event Timeline is to provide context and a benchmark ofnewsworthy events against which the news reported in the articles can be compared. The event timeline is drawnfrom information on three websites giving different perspectives. The BBC is the UK’s largest news media andis committed to public service broadcasting and the delivery of ‘Independent, impartial and honest’ news (58).The Home Office, as the government department with responsibility for asylum and integration policies, has aninterest in disseminating factual information on its policies via its website. The Refugee Council, as the leadingvoluntary organisation advocating for the rights of asylum seekers and refugees, is committed to campaigning andlobbying for refugees’ voices to be heard in the UK and abroad, and keeping them high on the political agendaand discussed in the media. Both the Home Office and the Refugee Council are expert sources of information onasylum seekers and refugees and it might be expected there is some correlation between items appearing on theirwebsites and items appearing in the newspapers. For simplicity the events listed in the Event Timeline are limitedto national political events, and the publication of research, statistics and other reports relating to asylum policy.Local events, cultural events and events affecting individuals - including crimes - are not listed. More detail on theevents making the time period of this report unique are given elsewhere in the Report.Sampling newspapersThis is the first national media monitoring study on asylum seekers and refugees. It was seen as important toinclude as broad a range of newspapers as possible within the resources available to the project. In total 50 paperswere selected to be studied in this project. A sample of newspapers was constructed in three categories:- national,regional and faith/minority press. In the national category, all 20 of the UK national newspapers and their Sundayequivalents were included.58 www.bbc.co.uk/info/purpose46Reporting asylum
TABLE 2.1 The six daily nationals with the highest circulation are shown in bold type.Paper publisher circulationNumber ofdays publishper weekExpress Express Newspapers 778,523 6Sunday Express Express Newspapers 822,070 1Financial Times Financial Times Group 127,783 6Guardian Guardian Newspapers 316,585 6Observer Guardian Newspapers 392,916 1Independent Independent Newspapers 217,841 6Independent on Sunday Independent Newspapers 173,412 1Mail Associated Newspapers 2,227,7291 6Mail on Sunday Associated Newspapers 2,123,914 1Mirror Trinity Mirror 1,603,047 6Sunday Mirror Trinity Mirror 1,434,813 1Morning Star People’s Press Printing Society 10,000 6Star (including Sundayedition)Express Newspapers 1,102,619 7Sun News International 3,115,705 6News of the World News International 3,415,248 1Telegraph Telegraph Group 862,958 6Sunday Telegraph Telegraph Group 648,144 1Times News International 559,447 6Sunday Times News International 1,159,200 1The People Trinity Mirror 886,546 1In the regional category, high circulation and a good geographical spread were the main concerns in selectingpapers. A sample of 22 regional papers was constructed by:a) Taking the regional paper with the largest circulation for each of the regions listed on the NewspaperSociety website, excluding the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.b) Adding one additional paper for Scotland and one additional paper for Wales, as Scottish and Welshpapers were under represented, because the Newspaper Society divides England into several regions, but doesnot do the same for Scotland and Wales.c) From the remaining papers, taking the three with the highest circulation in the UK.d) Selecting 2 papers representing rural areas (North Wales and South-West England) which were unlikelyto be covered by the papers selected using the above criteria because using a criteria of highest circulationReporting asylum 47
Page 1 and 2: Reporting asylumThe UK Press and th
Page 3 and 4: ContentsAbout the Authors .........
Page 5 and 6: ICARThe Information Centre about As
Page 7 and 8: Accurate terminologyRefugeeIn this
Page 9 and 10: Executive SummaryReporting asylum
Page 11 and 12: MethodologyThe news event timeline
Page 13 and 14: eing paid to anti-immigration and a
Page 15 and 16: The wide range of ‘civil society
Page 17 and 18: OverviewThe research found that whi
Page 19 and 20: To Newspaper Editors1. Newspaper ed
Page 21 and 22: IntroductionReporting asylum 21
Page 23 and 24: limit tensions and maintain communi
Page 25 and 26: ‘In order for refugees to contrib
Page 27 and 28: Events timeline - the key events fo
Page 29 and 30: The PCC Guidance Note on Refugees a
Page 31 and 32: the Code - has led to a number of b
Page 34 and 35: Aim 3: Assessing how far reporting
Page 36 and 37: Understanding the power of the pres
Page 38 and 39: AnonymisingIt is also a feature of
Page 40 and 41: “Over the last five years, the as
Page 42 and 43: Concluding remarks: anchoring the a
Page 44 and 45: There is certainly a case to be mad
Page 48 and 49: weights the sample towards papers r
Page 50 and 51: eference to refugees in the UK or U
Page 52 and 53: quotation accurate? Is the story ba
Page 54 and 55: 54Reporting asylum
Page 56 and 57: Frequency of reportingThis study mo
Page 58 and 59: Illegal asylum seeker/ illegalasylu
Page 60 and 61: Terminology which prejudges asylum
Page 62 and 63: comment and conjecture. MediaWise c
Page 64 and 65: organisation). (82)[OPT] wants a ma
Page 66 and 67: Case study 5: ‘More than £140 pe
Page 68 and 69: Child refugees were discussed in 60
Page 70 and 71: TABLE 3.5 Number of articles on a s
Page 72 and 73: Table 3.6 Frequency of potentially
Page 74 and 75: 6 Feb News of the World £4 BILLION
Page 76 and 77: However, one regional notes the dil
Page 78 and 79: 78Reporting asylum
Page 80 and 81: This chapter looks more generally a
Page 82 and 83: TABLE 4.2 Frequency of reporting of
Page 84 and 85: eunion, marriage, the integration s
Page 86 and 87: general comments about the politica
Page 88 and 89: Britain has given control of asylum
Page 90 and 91: Other Liberal shadow or spokesperso
Page 92 and 93: Other topics which were mentioned a
Page 94 and 95: Are crime and communitysafety issue
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- one in the faith/minority papers,
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Crown prosecution service 0 4 0 4Fo
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Medical foundation care victims tor
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Asylum seeker child 0 13 2 15Refuge
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Local authority Asylum teammanager1
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interviews and other political/elec
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Exhibition - Monet Exhibition atTat
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TABLE 4.24 Jokes that emphasise dif
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the time period of this sample, it
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Glasgow Evening Times 1Faith/minori
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Poll - pollster named 0 5 69 74Poll
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Another newspaper (national)Mail 2
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Bristolevening Post5.3.05Show respe
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we here to do? We get at least a ca
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also mentioned by more than one pap
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Editors are committed to reporting
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In the introduction we describe the
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efugees.Although the Guidance Note
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TABLE 5.3 Examples from this sample
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Aim 3: Assessing how far reporting
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focus fall short of ICAR’s best p
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The summary table shows that the to
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Relevantquotesand/ordescriptionComm
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Aim 4: Assessing how far reporting
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We saw how inaccurate terms were fo
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the quality and effects of decision
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To Newspaper Editors1. Newspaper ed
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BibliographyLegal and policy docume
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Finney, N. (2003) The Challenge of
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Press Complaints Commission (2003)
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Appendix 1List of articles referred
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Are ‘asylum seekers’ the same a
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Appendix 3Tables for articles with
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Policy descriptions/comments in art
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Health risk, bringing disease 0 (0%
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Sympathy for experiences incountry
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Each year the NHS has a £120millio
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or how the figure of £140 per hous
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