This process is not one that only happens at the time a child is referred to Birth to Three.If, at any time, a parent, a Birth to Three provider, the referral source, a care provider, orsomeone else who knows the child observes that a child is having difficulty withdeveloping meaningful communication or is regressing in communication skills, hasissues with social reciprocity, and/or is limited in development by repetitive behaviors, itis essential that the team have a discussion with the family about the advisability ofrepeating the ASD screening. This may be a more difficult discussion than the one thatwas held initially, since it will arise as the result of concerns rather than as a routineprocedure. Birth to Three staff must be prepared to have a well-thought-out, helpful,professional, and supportive conversation with a family about a challenging topic.Postponing this conversation, not allowing adequate time for the parent to reflect on it,excluding family members, or being equivocal can have serious negative consequencesfor the child, family, and program.<strong>The</strong> purpose of this determination process is to assure that children who meet theeducational classification of autism under the IDEA have access to services provided byautism-specific programs (when the system grows to have adequate capacity throughoutConnecticut) or, if families prefer, by general programs. It is expected that theadministration of these tools by qualified professionals will provide adequate clinicalinformation about a child’s ASD to develop an IFSP.PURSUING A MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF ASDIt will be common for there to be interplay between the potential identification of a childmeeting the educational classification of autism under the IDEA and the medicaldiagnosis of autism, which occurs in consultation with the child’s primary care physician.<strong>The</strong> Connecticut Birth to Three System strongly supports working with the child’s healthcare provider around issues of autism. <strong>The</strong> American Academy of Pediatrics hasprovided pediatricians extensive and specific guidance on autism screening anddiagnosis. (14)Pediatric practices may have resources to carry out further screening and comprehensiveevaluation, and/or may wish to refer the child to appropriate specialists. <strong>The</strong>ir choice of apractitioner, along with the payment source, should be reflected on the IFSP in the “OtherChild Related <strong>Service</strong>s” section.<strong>The</strong> Birth to Three System recommends that a developmental pediatrician, neurologist,child psychiatrist, or a licensed clinical psychologist complete the diagnostic evaluation.<strong>The</strong> American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) policy is that aspeech/language pathologist with expertise in ASD’s may perform autism diagnosticevaluations. Regardless of the area of specialty, an accurate diagnosis requires that theprofessional has training and experience in the area of ASD.8CT Birth to Three System • <strong>Service</strong> <strong>Guideline</strong> #1 • Revised July, 2002 and January, 2008
Components of a Medical Diagnostic AssessmentMedical assessment for ASD should confirm the diagnosis as well as provide informationabout the strengths and learning challenges of the child. It can be helpful in planning forintervention. <strong>The</strong> components of an evaluation for ASD should include:1. Developmental, medical (see Appendix Five), and three generation familyhistory2. Careful physical and neurological examination3. Developmental evaluation4. Assessment of social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, andrepertoire of activities and interests and play behavior against the DSM IV TRcriteria for autism5. Audiological evaluation6. Assessment of family functioning including strengths, resources, stressors andsupport needs, both emotional and financial.7. If there is global developmental delay, the child should have chromosomeanalysis and DNA testing for Fragile X.8. Additional targeted medical assessment is based on clinical presentation. Thisincludes additional laboratory studies, EEG, MRI, etc.A specific autism assessment tool is highly recommended but not required to make thediagnosis. Examples of some assessment tools are included in Appendix Four. Foryoung children identified with ASD, timelines for a re-evaluation should be determined. Achild who is assessed at 16-24 months should be reassessed in one year.Decisions about additional medical evaluations or referrals for medical follow-up mustoriginate from the child’s primary health care provider. Appendix Five lists the types ofBirth to Three System encourages families to work with their health care provider toobtain medical diagnostic services (See Appendix Five). Medical follow-up is not aservice covered by Birth to Three. When a child is identified as meeting the educationalclassification of autism, Birth to Three will seek parent permission to share thisinformation with the child’s medical provider because medical follow up is very importantfor children with autism.Additional information on early indicators of ASD is found in Early Indicators forScreening - Appendix Two. Additional assessment tools for ASD are listed in AppendixFour.CT Birth to Three System • <strong>Service</strong> <strong>Guideline</strong> #1 • Revised July, 2002 and January, 20089
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- Page 53 and 54: ReferencesAppendix Nine1 Individual
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- Page 57 and 58: Appendix TenResourcesAyers, J. (198
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- Page 61 and 62: Books For KidsAmenta, C.A., (1992).