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experiences on how they havemanaged and coped with theircondition.The process must integratestructured counselling principles andshould engage people living with HIV/AIDS as key partners, makingreference to the MeaningfulInvolvement of People with AIDS(MIPA) guidelines. The outcome ofcounselling will be to promote positiveliving and prevention of further HIVtransmission and re-infection. Thismay be achieved through individual orgroup counselling. Key elements tobe incorporated include goodinterpersonal communication withrespect and dignity, a nonjudgementalattitude, empathy andcultural sensitivity, and respect forpositive traditional practices.2.1.6 Spiritual Support andGuidanceSpiritual support and guidance haveproven effective in providing hopeand consolation to the affectedindividual and family. This kind ofsupport should be sensitive todifferent beliefs, whether traditional orconventional faith. Spiritual leadersplay a vital role in this area and mayassist when and where possible.2.1.7 ConfidentialityConfidentiality is one of the manychallenges in HCBC, particularlybecause of the fear of stigmatizationand discrimination associated withHIV/AIDS. It is therefore paramountthat HCBC providers be sensitive tothe concerns of the individual and theKey elements of counsellingservices include goodinterpersonal communication,respect for personal dignity, anon-judgemental attitude,empathy and culturalsensitivity.family affected. The providers shouldencourage shared confidentiality,bearing in mind that the rights of thesick person or person living with HIV/AIDS are respected. The processmust enable the person and thehousehold to cope with the situationeffectively.2.1.8 Life Skills DevelopmentPeople living with HIV/AIDS should beencouraged to adopt positive lifestyles to strengthen skills that enablethem to effectively prevent furtherinfection. Involvement in communitygroups gives them a sense ofbelonging, hence promotesresponsible behaviour andsustainable positive lifestyles. Makingthem aware of relevant reproductivehealth services will help them accessdual protection against re-infectionand unplanned pregnancies.2.1.9 Family Care and SupportThis is a holistic approach toproviding care and support beyondthe sick individual. A person with achronic illness is a member of a familyunit, hence care and support shouldbe provided within the context of thefamily. Family care and support6 HOME- AND COMMUNITY-BASED CARE IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK