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ARVs and other drugs foropportunistic infections, as well asother condition medication.Sustainability of the drug supplyensures that the client will not haveunplanned treatment interruption.Clinical care also helps to promotepositive living and prevent infectionand re-infection. Another importantcomponent of care for people livingwith HIV in the community is instillingawareness of the need to seektreatment in case of any ailments nomatter how minor.3.1.3 Family Care and SupportCare services must extend to thefamily in addition to the individualpatient/client and other caregivers.This element includes psychosocialsupport, reproductive health services,nutrition advice and food security forthe family.3.1.4 Capacity BuildingHCBC capacity building targets thevarious cadres at all levels of serviceand care provision. Training for healthcare professionals varies from shortcourses to diploma and degree levelsin HCBC. Once trained, theseprofessionals in turn train others atthe health facility and community levelusing the NASCOP curriculum. Sincelevel 1 (the community) of KEPH isconsidered to have the largestnumber of service providers, bothformal and on-the-job trainingapproaches should be used toaddress knowledge and skill gaps. Acrucial point here is the necessity forquality training by NASCOPaccredited trainers for all levels andcadres of HCBC personnel.3.1.5 Establishing Linkage, Referraland Networking SystemsKnowing where to go for additionalhelp is key to maintaining acomprehensive continuum of care. Acontinuum of care is a system thatinvolves a network of resources andservices that provide holistic andcomprehensive support for the sickperson, family and caregivers. Thegoal is to provide an affordable rangeof services in various settings, fromhome, community and clinics tohospitals, and vice versa. (See alsoSection 4.5.)3.2 Monitoring and Evaluationof the Minimum HCBCPackageAn effective working M&Esystem will have appropriatestructures in place that includeM&E literate staff, a good networkand linkages, and standard reportingprocedures, formats and tools. M&Econstitutes a system for keepingactivities on track towards achievingthe goals of the HCBC programme.M&E should be carried out for allprogrammes implementing HCBC atall levels, from the centre to thecommunity. The results should beshared among partners and the bestpractices replicated amongimplementing programmes. (Refer toChapter 6 for more details.)12 HOME- AND COMMUNITY-BASED CARE IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK