Medical Physics Hand.. - Voss Associates

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PUBLIC RADIATION DOSESAverage per capita US Dose 200 mrem (2 mSv) / yrLiving in Los Alamos (7000' elev) 327 mrem (3.27 mSv)/yrFlying from NY to LA2.5 mrem (25 ìSv) / tripChest x-ray10 mrem (0.1mSv)/examFull mouth dental x-ray9 mrem (90 ìSv) / examThe external dose rate for cosmic rays doubles for each mileincrease in elevation.BACKGROUND RADIATIONCosmic = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrRocks = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrInternal = 36 mrem (0.36 mSv) / yrMedical x-rays = 20 to 30 mrem (0.2 to 0.3 mSv)/yrNuclear medicine = 2 mrem / yrTOTAL US Ave 120 mrem / yrUS Ave HEfrom radon = 200 mrem / yrAve HEfrom medical x-ray procedures:Skull 20 mrem (0.2 mSv)Upper GI 245 mrem (2.45 mSv)Hip 65 mrem (0.65 mSv)Chest 6 mrem (60 ìSv),Kidney 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Dental 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Occupational Doses mrem /yr mSv/yrairline flight crew 1,000 10nuclear power plant 700 7Grand Central Station workers 120 1.2medical personnel 70 0.7DOE employees 44 0.4478PUBLIC RADIATION DOSESAverage per capita US Dose 200 mrem (2 mSv) / yrLiving in Los Alamos (7000' elev) 327 mrem (3.27 mSv)/yrFlying from NY to LA2.5 mrem (25 ìSv) / tripChest x-ray10 mrem (0.1mSv)/examFull mouth dental x-ray9 mrem (90 ìSv) / examThe external dose rate for cosmic rays doubles for each mileincrease in elevation.BACKGROUND RADIATIONCosmic = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrRocks = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrInternal = 36 mrem (0.36 mSv) / yrMedical x-rays = 20 to 30 mrem (0.2 to 0.3 mSv)/yrNuclear medicine = 2 mrem / yrTOTAL US Ave 120 mrem / yrUS Ave HEfrom radon = 200 mrem / yrAve HEfrom medical x-ray procedures:Skull 20 mrem (0.2 mSv)Upper GI 245 mrem (2.45 mSv)Hip 65 mrem (0.65 mSv)Chest 6 mrem (60 ìSv),Kidney 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Dental 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Occupational Doses mrem /yr mSv/yrairline flight crew 1,000 10nuclear power plant 700 7Grand Central Station workers 120 1.2medical personnel 70 0.7DOE employees 44 0.4478PUBLIC RADIATION DOSESAverage per capita US Dose 200 mrem (2 mSv) / yrLiving in Los Alamos (7000' elev) 327 mrem (3.27 mSv)/yrFlying from NY to LA2.5 mrem (25 ìSv) / tripChest x-ray10 mrem (0.1mSv)/examFull mouth dental x-ray9 mrem (90 ìSv) / examThe external dose rate for cosmic rays doubles for each mileincrease in elevation.BACKGROUND RADIATIONCosmic = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrRocks = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrInternal = 36 mrem (0.36 mSv) / yrMedical x-rays = 20 to 30 mrem (0.2 to 0.3 mSv)/yrNuclear medicine = 2 mrem / yrTOTAL US Ave 120 mrem / yrUS Ave HEfrom radon = 200 mrem / yrAve HEfrom medical x-ray procedures:Skull 20 mrem (0.2 mSv)Upper GI 245 mrem (2.45 mSv)Hip 65 mrem (0.65 mSv)Chest 6 mrem (60 ìSv),Kidney 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Dental 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Occupational Doses mrem /yr mSv/yrairline flight crew 1,000 10nuclear power plant 700 7Grand Central Station workers 120 1.2medical personnel 70 0.7DOE employees 44 0.4478PUBLIC RADIATION DOSESAverage per capita US Dose 200 mrem (2 mSv) / yrLiving in Los Alamos (7000' elev) 327 mrem (3.27 mSv)/yrFlying from NY to LA2.5 mrem (25 ìSv) / tripChest x-ray10 mrem (0.1mSv)/examFull mouth dental x-ray9 mrem (90 ìSv) / examThe external dose rate for cosmic rays doubles for each mileincrease in elevation.BACKGROUND RADIATIONCosmic = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrRocks = 28 mrem (0.28 mSv) / yrInternal = 36 mrem (0.36 mSv) / yrMedical x-rays = 20 to 30 mrem (0.2 to 0.3 mSv)/yrNuclear medicine = 2 mrem / yrTOTAL US Ave 120 mrem / yrUS Ave HEfrom radon = 200 mrem / yrAve HEfrom medical x-ray procedures:Skull 20 mrem (0.2 mSv)Upper GI 245 mrem (2.45 mSv)Hip 65 mrem (0.65 mSv)Chest 6 mrem (60 ìSv),Kidney 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Dental 55 mrem (0.55 mSv)Occupational Doses mrem /yr mSv/yrairline flight crew 1,000 10nuclear power plant 700 7Grand Central Station workers 120 1.2medical personnel 70 0.7DOE employees 44 0.4478
RADON FACTS1 working level =2223 DAC Rn (including progeny)= 1.3E5 MeV / liter of air á energy= 100 pCi / liter (1E-7 uCi / mL)= 20.8 uJoules / M 31 working level-month = 1 pCi / L in air thru evaporationEPA ACTION LEVELS FOR RADON GAS IN HOMESConcentration (pCi / L)Sampling Frequency0 - 4initial and no follow upEPA Recommends Mitigation at > 4 pCi / L4 -20one year and follow up20 -2003 months and follow up> 200 Implement radon reduction methods4 pCi / L in living area = 1.03 working level-month = 1 remPROPOSED EPA ACTION LEVELSFOR RADON IN DRINKING WATERMaximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is 300 pCi / L of radon inwater of community water systems (CWS).Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level (AMCL) is 4,000 pCi/ L of radon in water of community water systems.To comply with the AMCL limit the state or the CWS(Community Water System) must implement a Multi-MediaMitigation plan to address the radon in the air of residences.The proposed rule would not apply to CWSs that use solelysurface water.The proposed rule requires monitoring for radon in drinkingwater. The monitoring frequency varies from once per quarterto once in 9 years based on radon concentrations.RADON FACTS1 working level =2223 DAC Rn (including progeny)= 1.3E5 MeV / liter of air á energy= 100 pCi / liter (1E-7 uCi / mL)= 20.8 uJoules / M 31 working level-month = 1 pCi / L in air thru evaporationEPA ACTION LEVELS FOR RADON GAS IN HOMESConcentration (pCi / L)Sampling Frequency0 - 4initial and no follow upEPA Recommends Mitigation at > 4 pCi / L4 -20one year and follow up20 -2003 months and follow up> 200 Implement radon reduction methods4 pCi / L in living area = 1.03 working level-month = 1 remPROPOSED EPA ACTION LEVELSFOR RADON IN DRINKING WATERMaximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is 300 pCi / L of radon inwater of community water systems (CWS).Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level (AMCL) is 4,000 pCi/ L of radon in water of community water systems.To comply with the AMCL limit the state or the CWS(Community Water System) must implement a Multi-MediaMitigation plan to address the radon in the air of residences.The proposed rule would not apply to CWSs that use solelysurface water.The proposed rule requires monitoring for radon in drinkingwater. The monitoring frequency varies from once per quarterto once in 9 years based on radon concentrations.RADON FACTS1 working level =2223 DAC Rn (including progeny)= 1.3E5 MeV / liter of air á energy= 100 pCi / liter (1E-7 uCi / mL)= 20.8 uJoules / M 31 working level-month = 1 pCi / L in air thru evaporationEPA ACTION LEVELS FOR RADON GAS IN HOMESConcentration (pCi / L)Sampling Frequency0 - 4initial and no follow upEPA Recommends Mitigation at > 4 pCi / L4 -20one year and follow up20 -2003 months and follow up> 200 Implement radon reduction methods4 pCi / L in living area = 1.03 working level-month = 1 remPROPOSED EPA ACTION LEVELSFOR RADON IN DRINKING WATERMaximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is 300 pCi / L of radon inwater of community water systems (CWS).Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level (AMCL) is 4,000 pCi/ L of radon in water of community water systems.To comply with the AMCL limit the state or the CWS(Community Water System) must implement a Multi-MediaMitigation plan to address the radon in the air of residences.The proposed rule would not apply to CWSs that use solelysurface water.The proposed rule requires monitoring for radon in drinkingwater. The monitoring frequency varies from once per quarterto once in 9 years based on radon concentrations.RADON FACTS1 working level =2223 DAC Rn (including progeny)= 1.3E5 MeV / liter of air á energy= 100 pCi / liter (1E-7 uCi / mL)= 20.8 uJoules / M 31 working level-month = 1 pCi / L in air thru evaporationEPA ACTION LEVELS FOR RADON GAS IN HOMESConcentration (pCi / L)Sampling Frequency0 - 4initial and no follow upEPA Recommends Mitigation at > 4 pCi / L4 -20one year and follow up20 -2003 months and follow up> 200 Implement radon reduction methods4 pCi / L in living area = 1.03 working level-month = 1 remPROPOSED EPA ACTION LEVELSFOR RADON IN DRINKING WATERMaximum Contaminant Level (MCL) is 300 pCi / L of radon inwater of community water systems (CWS).Alternative Maximum Contaminant Level (AMCL) is 4,000 pCi/ L of radon in water of community water systems.To comply with the AMCL limit the state or the CWS(Community Water System) must implement a Multi-MediaMitigation plan to address the radon in the air of residences.The proposed rule would not apply to CWSs that use solelysurface water.The proposed rule requires monitoring for radon in drinkingwater. The monitoring frequency varies from once per quarterto once in 9 years based on radon concentrations.
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PhUSE 2012methods, Wang-Tsiatis and
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Inhalation TreatmentThere are sever
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Chemical FormThe chemical form of r
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600 REM - < 800 REM (6 - 8 Sv)all o
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machine or with a more sophisticate
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Typical Effective Radiation Dosefro
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Iridium-192 (74 d): Supplied in wir
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Cobalt-57 (272 d): Used as a marker
Page 26 and 27:
CONSUMER PRODUCTS CONTAININGRADIOAC
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survey instrument. Older camera len
Page 30 and 31: Radiological Assessment of Exemptio
Page 32 and 33: Coastal EngineeringMeasurement of e
Page 34 and 35: Beta Dose Rates in rad/hr per mCiMe
Page 36 and 37: Ci / g = 3.578E5 / (T 1/2 in years
Page 38 and 39: Rem/hr / Ci Sv/hr / GBqHalf-Life Ci
Page 48 and 49: Energy & Yield of neutrons from the
Page 50 and 51: CHARACTERISTIC RADIATIONS OFCOMMONL
Page 52 and 53: 48Sc48Ti-â 482 (10.01), 657 (89.99
Page 54 and 55: 68Ge68Ga EC270.9d 67.7m Ga x-rays 1
Page 56 and 57: 129I129Xe-â 194 (100)1.57E7y S ã
Page 58 and 59: 192Ir192Pt-â 256 (5.65), 536 (41.4
Page 60 and 61: 249Bk249Cf-â 126 (100)320d 350.6d2
Page 62 and 63: Progeny kev and % abundanceProgenyk
Page 64 and 65: Progeny kev and % abundance222Rn is
Page 66 and 67: SI and US “Traditional” Units64
Page 68 and 69: CONVERSION OF UNITSCONVERSION OF UN
Page 70 and 71: Radiological1 rad = 100 ergs / g1 e
Page 72 and 73: Power1 joule/sec = 1E7 ergs/sec 1 e
Page 74 and 75: 7272UNITS AND TERMINOLOGY“Special
Page 76 and 77: EMERGENCY RESPONSEEMERGENCY RESPONS
Page 78 and 79: Major Injuries Occurring in Hazardo
Page 82 and 83: COMPARATIVE RISKS OF RADIATION EXPO
Page 84 and 85: Government Agency Websiteswww.cdc.g
Page 86 and 87: ANNEXTc-99m Heart Stress TestPatien
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