64* A*Covenantal*View*of*Baptism*and*Its*Relationship*to*Evangelism**There* is* a* connection* between* God’s* covenant* and* God’s* signs* of* the*covenant,*which*in*the*NT*are*baptism*and*the*Lord’s*Supper.*The*shadow*of*baptism* in* the* OT* was* circumcision:* whereas* circumcision* involved* the*shedding*of*blood*and*therefore*it*pointed*forwards*to*the*future*shed*blood*of*Christ,*baptism*points*backwards*to*the*shed*blood*of*Christ*and*Christ’s*completed* atonement.* Baptism* in* the* new* covenant* is* to* be* administered*using*water*and*the*new*covenant*name*of*God,*“the*Father,*and*the*Son,*and*the*Holy*Spirit”;*and*it*is*to*be*applied*to*adults*and*the*children*of*believing*parents.*As*with*the*sign*of*the*covenant*–*circumcision*in*the*OT*–*in*the*NT*this*sign*is*to*be*applied*not*only*to*believers,*but*also*to*the*children*of*believing*parents.*The*exclusion*of*children*in*baptism*by*evangelicals*is*a*mistake.*A*sincere* question* has* been* considered:* In* which* direction* does* the* sign* of*baptism*point?*Baptists*would*argue*that*it*points*to*our*faith*in*Jesus*and*our* obedience* to* him.* However,* the* signs* of* the* covenant* do* not* point* to*man*but*instead*to*God.**Baptism*is*not*connected*to*the*timing*of*its*ordinance*for*its*efficacy.*The*same*is*true*of*the*Lord’s*Supper.*The*waters*of*baptism*speak*of*the*shed*blood*of*Christ*and*the*out:pouring*of*the*Holy*Spirit*–*Titus*3:5:6*says:*“he* saved* us,* not* because* of* works* done* by* us* in* righteousness,* but*according*to*his*own*mercy,*by*the*washing*of*regeneration*and*renewal*of*the* Holy* Spirit,*whom* he* poured* out* on* us* richly* through* Jesus* Christ* our*Saviour,*so*that*being*justified*by*his*grace*we*might*become*heirs*according*to*the*hope*of*eternal*life.”*Baptism* must* always* declare* the* “priority* of* grace* over* faith”.* We* are*not* saved* by* faith.* We* are* saved* by* grace* through* faith* (Eph* 2:8:9).* It* is*important*that*we*recover*the*biblical*doctrine*of*baptism*to*ensure*that*God*is* most* glorified,* to* strengthen* the* view* that* evangelism* must* be* God:centred,*with*Christ*declared*in*the*gospel,*freely*offered*for*the*salvation*of*sinners.* This* is* something* which* is* by* God’s* grace* alone.* A* covenantal*approach* to* baptism* best* represents* this* vision* so* that* the* church’s*evangelism*is*in*harmony*with*biblical*theology.*****
Foundations*63*(November*2012):*65:89**THE*ANGLICAN*DOCTRINE*OF*BAPTISM*Lee#Gatiss ∗ #***This* article* examines* the* theology* of* baptism* found* in* the* foundational* documents* of* the*Church*of*England.*It*expounds*the*Latin*and*English*texts*of*the*Thirty:nine*Articles*of*Religion,*to*see*what*they*teach*on*the*subject,*noting*especially*the*Protestant*and*Reformed*(but*non:Zwinglian)* nature* of* the* Anglican* doctrine* as* well* as* some* of* its* biblical* and* patristic*foundations.*A*previously*unnoticed*example*of*the*Articles’*dependence*on*Calvin’s*Institutes*is*brought*out*with*regard*to*infant*baptism.*Through*a*study*of*the*liturgical*expression*of*this*theology*in*the*various*editions*of*the*Book*of*Common*Prayer*it*also*highlights*the*importance*of*some*historic*moments*of*particular*controversy,*especially*regarding*the*efficacy*of*baptism.*With*application*throughout*for*confessional*Anglicans*today,*it*also*concludes*with*a*brief*look*at*contemporary*controversies*surrounding*the*covenantal*nature*of*baptism,*and*the*current*downplaying*of*baptism*within*Anglican*Evangelicalism.**Introduction#*Anglicans*are*keen*credobaptists.*The*Church*of*England*baptises*three*times*as*many*adults*each*year*as*the*Baptist*Union*of*Great*Britain. 1 *This*is*a*little*known*truth,*obscured*perhaps*by*the*fact*that*the*established*church*also*baptises* infants.* Yet* the* official* statistics* are* hard* to* argue* with:* in* the*Church* of* England* from* 2002:2010,* for* example,* the* number* of* people*baptised*on*profession*of*faith*rose*from*8,400*to*11,160*(a*rise*of*nearly*a*third).*Surprisingly,*perhaps,*only*about*60%*of*Anglican*baptisms*in*2010*were*of*infants*under*one*year*of*age,*as*more*and*more*older*children*and*adults*seem*to*be*being*baptised*later*in*life. 2 *This* being* acknowledged,* Anglicans* are* also* keen* paedobaptists.* Like*the* vast* majority* of* Christians* today,* and* the* vast* majority* of* Christians*throughout*history,*they*believe*there*is*a*scriptural*argument*in*favour*of*********************************************************************∗* Director* of* Church* Society,* Visiting* Lecturer* in* Church* History* at* Wales* Evangelical*School* of* Theology,* and* Editor* of* Theologian* (www.theologian.org.uk).* I* wish* to* thank* Peter*Adam,*Gerald*Bray,*Ed*Loane,*and*Mark*Smith*for*their*comments*on*drafts*of*this*article.*1*With* thanks* to* Rachel* Tole,* Database* Manager* for* the* Baptist* Union,* for* her* help* in*accessing*the*best*available*BUGB*figures.*Over*the*last*10*years*or*so,*there*have*been*around*3,500:4,000*baptisms*of*people*of*all*ages*in*BUGB*churches*each*year.*The*most*recent*figures*for*comparison*indicate*that*the*Church*of*England*baptises*more#than#three#times*the*number*of*non:infants:*there*were*11,160*baptisms*of*people*aged*12+*in*the*Church*of*England*(2010)*against*3574*in*the*Baptist*Union*(2010:2011).!2*In*2010,*there*were*an*additional*5,930*infants*and*children*involved*in*“thanksgiving”*services,* a* relatively* new* option* for* Anglicans* which* is* more* “prayers* and* smiles”* than* the*“promises* and* splashes”* of* a* baptism,* as* some* express* it.* Anglican* statistics* here* are* from*http://www.baptism.org.uk/statistics.htm* and* Church# Statistics# 2010/2011* (London:* The*Archbishops’*Council,*2012).**