Reference Style Guide [17-09-2008 Tdv].pdf

‐ 1 ‐REFERENCE STYLE GUIDE FOR KOEDOEREFERENCING IN TEXT1.1 Author’s name cited in the textWhen making reference to an author’s work in yourtext, their name is followed by the year of publicationof their work and page reference, both in brackets(parentheses), and forms part of the sentence:Green (1994, pp.84‐90) states that ʹwhenwriting for a professional readership, writersinvariably make reference to alreadypublished worksʹ.In general, when writing for a professionalpublication, it is good practice to makereference to other relevant published work.This view has been supported in the work ofGreen (1994, pp.84‐90).1.2 Author’s name not cited directly in the textIf you make reference to a work or piece of researchwithout mentioning the author in the text, then boththe author’s name and publication year are placed atthe relevant point in the sentence or at the end of thesentence in brackets:Making reference to published work appearsto be characteristic of writing for aprofessional audience (Green, 1994).1.3 More than one author cited in the textWhere reference is made to more than one author in asentence, and they are referred to directly, they areboth cited:Green (1946) and Plum (1948) have bothshown…1.4 More than one author not cited directly in the textList these at the relevant point in the sentence or atthe end of the sentence, putting the author’s name,followed by the date of publication and separated bya semi‐colon and within brackets:Further research in the late forties (Green,1946; Plum, 1948) led to major developments…1.5 Two authors for the same workWhen there are two authors for a work they shouldboth be noted in the text:Or indirectly, using an ampersand (&):1.6 More than two authors for a workWhere there are several authors (more than two),only the first author should be used, followed by ‘etal.’ meaning ‘and others’:Or indirectly:1.7 Page NumbersIncluding the page numbers of a reference will helpreaders trace your sources. This is particularlyimportant for quotations and for paraphrasingspecific paragraphs in the texts:In their recent research paper, Mustard andWhite (1964) found…During the mid‐nineties, research undertakenin Luton (Green & Plum, 1996) showed that…Mustard et al. (1995) found that the majority…Recent research has found that the majorityof… (Mustard et al., 1995)Green (1978, p.26)OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

Or indirectly:‐ 2 ‐(Green, 1978, p.26)1.8Several works by one author in different yearsIf more than one publication from an authorillustrates the same point and the works arepublished in different years, then the referencesshould be cited in chronological order (i.e. earliestfirst):Or indirectly:…as suggested by Visser (1985, 1986)(Visser 1985, 1986)…1.9 Several works by one author in same yearIf you are quoting several works published by thesame author in the same year, they should bedifferentiated by adding a lower case letter after theyear for each item:If several works published in the same year arereferred to on a single occasion – or an author hasmade the same point in several publications they canall be referred to by using lower case letters (asabove):Earlier research by Venter (1991a) foundthat…but later research undertaken by Smith(1991b) suggested that…Venter (1991a, 1991b) has stated on more thanone occasion that…1.10 Quoting portions of published textIf you want to include text from a published work inyour manuscript then the sentence(s) must beincluded within quotation marks, and may beintroduced by such phrases as:In order for a reader to trace the quoted section it isgood practice to give the number of the page wherethe quotation was found. The quotation should alsobe emphasised (especially if it runs to several lines)by indenting it and using quotation marks. Thisclearly identifies it as the work of someone else:the author states that ‘…’ or …the authorwrites that ‘…’On the topic of professional ethics andpractices Haasbroek (1992, p. 8)states:ʹWhen working for a professional practice,doctors invariably make reference to alreadypublished worksʹ.1.11 Chapter authors in edited worksReferences to the work of an author that appears as achapter or part of a larger work that is edited bysomeone else should be cited within your text usingthe name of the contributory author, and not theeditor of the whole volume:In the reference list at the end of your document,you should include details of both the chapterauthor and the editor of the entire work.In his work on health information, Retief(1992) states…Retief, T. 1992. Problems of Fire Management.In: S. Stone, ed. 1999. Fire information research.Johannesburg: UNISA Press, Ch.1, pp.4‐25.OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 3 ‐1.12 Corporate authorsIf the work is by a recognised organisation and hasno personal author then it is usually cited under thebody that commissioned it. This applies topublications by associations, companies, governmentdepartments etc. such as Department of theEnvironment or Royal College of Nursing.It is acceptable to use standard abbreviations forthese bodies, e.g. RCN, in your text, providing thatthe full name is given at the first citing with theabbreviation in brackets:Note that the full name is the preferred format in thereference list. Some reports are written by speciallyconvened groups or committees and can be cited bythe name of the committee:1st citation: South African National Parks(SANParks) (2006)2nd citation: SANParks (2006)Committee on Nursing (1972)Select Committee on Stem Cell Research (2002)1.13 Secondary sources (second‐hand references)While you are consulting an original work, you maycome across a summary of another author’s workthat you would like to make reference to in your owndocument. This is called secondary referencing:In this example, Brown is the work that you wish torefer to, but have not read directly for yourself.Bassett is the secondary source, where you found thesummary of Brown’s work…To reference indirectly:In this example, Mustard is the primary (or original)source and Green is the secondary source. It isimportant to realise that Black may have takenWhiteʹs ideas forward, and altered their originalmeaning. It is recommended that where possible, youread the original source for yourself rather than relyon someone else’s interpretation of a work.Research recently carried out byWhite (1989 cited in Plum, 1991, p.35) foundthat…(White, 1989 cited in Plum, 1991, p.35)White (1989) as cited in Plum (1991), suggeststhat…The reference list at the end of your documentshould only contain works that you have read.1.14 Tables and diagramsWhen reproducing selected data from a diagram ortable, or copying the entire table or diagram, areference must be made to the source.A reference within the text to a table taken from, e.g.,a book, should include the author and page (Green,2005, p.33) to enable the reader to identify the data. Ifthe source of the data is not the author’s own, butobtained from another source, it becomes asecondary reference and needs to be cited as such:(SANParks, 1980 cited in Green, 2005, p.33)OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 4 ‐If the table is reproduced in its entirety, place thecitation as a footnote. Be particularly careful to notethe original source of data, as well as the authorshipof the document. Full details should be included inthe reference list.In this example, a table is reproduced from page 267of a book written by Robert Amazon, which is the 4thedition and published by FT Prentice Hall of Harlow,England in 2005. The title of the book is Managementin the media: decision makers.If you wish to reproduce the table in your own work,replicate the table.Add a footnote at the bottom of thepage in your own work acknowledging the source ofthe reproduced table.If you wish to quote from a table in the above book inyour essay:If you wish to reference the book in the reference listor bibliography:*National Statistics Office 1985 cited inAmazon, 2005, p.267...historical figures demonstrate that only tenpercent of households had televisions in SouthAfrica by the 1970s (South African Statistics1985 cited in Amazon, 2006, p. 338).Green, R., 2006. Management of forest fire. 4thed. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall.OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 5 ‐COMPILING THE REFERENCE LIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHYAll items should be listed alphabetically by author or authorship, regardless of the format, i.e. whetherbooks, websites or journal articles etc. Where there are several works from one author or source theyshould by listed together but in date order with the earliest work listed first.2.1 BooksUse the title page, not the book cover, for thereference details.The required elements for a book reference are:Author, Initials. Year. Title of book. Edition (ifapplicable). Place of publication: Publisher.Please noteAuthor: Surname with capital first letter and followed by acomma.Initials: In capitals with full‐stop after eachYear: Publication year (not printing or impression) followed byfull stop.Title: Full title of book/thesis/dissertation in italics withcapitalisation of first word and proper nouns only, followed by afull stop unless there is a sub‐title.Sub‐title: Follows a colon at end of full title; no capitalisationunless proper nouns, followed by a full stop.Edition: Only include this if not first edition and use numberfollowed by abbreviation ‘ed.’, followed by a full stop.Place of publication: Town or city, followed by colon. If theremay be confusion with UK place names for USA towns includethe State in abbreviated form, e.g. Chester, CT.Publisher: Company name followed by full stop.De Villiers, S. 2008. Testing the waterconcentrations. 3rd ed. Cape Town: Universityof Cape Town.Theron, Johan P. 2008. Business and theorganisation. 6th ed. South Africa, CT:University of Cape Town.2.2 Books with more than four authorsFor books where there are more than four authors,use the first author only with surname and initialsfollowed by ‘et al.’.NB: Please italicise ‘et al.’The required elements for a reference are:Author, Initials. Year. Title of book. Edition (onlyinclude this if not the first edition). Place: Publisher.Retief, F. et al. 1990. A history of the world. CapeTown: University of Cape Town.2.3 Edited booksFor edited books give the editor(s) surname(s) andinitials, followed by (ed.) or (eds.)The required elements for a reference are:Author, Initials. Year. Title of book. Edition (onlyinclude this if not the first edition). Place: PublisherRetief, F. (ed.) 1990. A history of the world. CapeTown: University of Cape Town.Theron, L.T. & Mans, K.K. (eds.) 1990. Theactive interview. Cape Town: University ofCape Town.Scholtz, Pieter. (ed.) 2006. Corporate socialOpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 6 ‐responsibility, volume 1: concepts, accountabilityand reporting. Johannesburg: UNISA Press.2.4 Chapters of edited booksFor chapters of edited books, the required elementsfor a reference are:Chapter author’s(s’) surname(s) and initials. Year ofchapter. Title of chapter followed by ‘In:’.Book editor’s(s’) initials and surnames with (ed.) or(eds.) after the last name. Year of book. Title of book.Place of publication: Publisher. First and last pagenumbers followed by full stop.Scholtz, P. 1970. A source of information. In:W. Retief (ed.) 2000. One hundred and one waysto find information about health. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, pp. 102‐200.2.5 Multiple works by the same authorWhere there are several works by one author andpublished in the same year they should bedifferentiated by adding a lower case letter after thedate.Remember that this must also be consistent withthe citations in the text.For multiple works the required elements for areference are:Author. Year. Title of book . Place of publication:Publisher.This also applies if there are several authors with thesame surname. As an alternative their initials can beincluded in the citation.Green, T. 1980a. The road to serfdom. CapeTown: University of Cape Town.Green, T. 1980b. Beyond the road to serfdom.Cape Town: University of Cape Town.Works by the same author should be displayed inchronological order, earliest first.2.6 Books which have been translatedFor works which have been translated the referenceshould include details of the translator. Thesuggested elements for such references are:Author, Year. Title of book. Translated from(language) by (name of translator) Place ofpublication: Publisher.Scholtz, Johan. 2001. The voices of Marrakesh: arecord of a visit. Translated from German byJ.A. Underwood. San Francisco: Arion.This also applies if there are several authors with thesame surname. As an alternative their initials can beincluded in the citation.Works by the same author should be displayed inchronological order, earliest first.For major works of historic significance, the date ofthe original work, may be included along with theRetief, S. 2001. Fundamental principles of themetaphysic of morals. Translated by T.K.OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

date of the translation‐ 7 ‐Abbott, 2007. New York: Prometheus Books.2.7 E‐booksFor e‐books the required elements for a reference are:Author, Initial. Year, Title of book. [type of medium]Place of publication: Publisher. Followed by“Available at:” include e‐book source and web siteaddress/URL(Uniform Resource Locator) and routingdetails if needed. [Accessed date].Saaymen, G. 2007. The rise and fall of suburbia.[e‐book] Johannesburg: UNISA Press.Available at: Stellenbosch University/DigitalLibrary/e‐bookshttp://library.sun.ac.za/eng/finding/ez_books.html [Accessed 16 July 2008].Theron, J. & Van Graan, G. (eds.) 2008. Globalwine tourism. [e‐book] Stellenbosch: Universityof Stellenbosch.Available at: University Library Catalogue/https://www.library.sun.ac.za/rt/1258/2008~20885.htm[Accessed 9 June 2008].For a pdf version of a Government Publication orsimilar:Authorship, Year, Title of book. [type of medium]Place of publication: Publisher. Followed by“Available at:” include address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and routing details if needed.[Accessed date].Department of Health. 2008. Health inequalities:progress and next steps. [pdf] South African:Department of Health. Available at:http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=85253 [Accessed 9 June 2008].N.B. the URL should be underlined.OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 8 ‐JOURNAL ARTICLES AND NEWSPAPERS3.1 Journal articlesFor journal articles the required elements forreferences are:Author, Initials., Year. Title of article. Full Title ofJournal, Volume number (Issue/Part number): Pagenumbers.Please noteAuthor: Surname with capital first letter and followed bycomma.Initials: In capitals with full stop after each.Year: Publication year followed by full stop.Title: Full title of article NOT in italics with capitalisationof first word and proper nouns only, followed by a full stopunless there is a sub‐title.Sub‐title: Follows a colon at end of full title; nocapitalisation unless proper nouns; followed by a full stop.Journal title: Full title of journal, in italics, withcapitalisation of key words, followed by a comma.Issue/Part number: In brackets, followed by a colon.Page numbers: Preceded by a space. For a range of pages,start with the first page, hyphen, last page (followed by afull stop). For a single page, list the page number followedby a full stop.Retief, J.M. 2008. The Bretton Woods proposal:an in‐depth look. Political Science Quarterly,15(2): 250‐350.Plum, T. 2005. What health care assistantsknow about clean hands. South African FamilyPractice Journal, 25 May, 48(4): 63‐64.3.2 Journal articles from an electronic sourceFor journal articles from an electronic source therequired elements for a reference are:Author, Initials. Year. Title of article. Full Title ofJournal, [type of medium] Volume number (Issue/Partnumber), Page numbers if available.Available at: include web site address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and additional details of access,such as the routing from the home page of the source.[Accessed date].N.B. the URL should be underlined.Brooderyk, J.M. 2002. The Bretton Woodsproposal: an in depth look. Political ScienceQuarterly, [Online]. 33(2),Available at: South African Journal ofIndustrial Psychologyhttp://www.sajip.co.za/index.php/sajip/issue/view/39 [Accessed 12 June 2005].Kotze, E. 1999. Psychological empowermentin the South African military: Thegeneralisability of menonʹs scale. South AfricanJournal of Industrial Psychology, [Online] 21 Jul.,13(2): 18‐30. Available at:http://www.sajip.co.za/index.php/sajip/article/view/371 [Accessed 12 June 2005].Vos, B. 1989. An assessment of theimplementation and outcomes of recentchanges to the fire management of the KrugerNational Park. KOEDOE, [Online]10 September, Issue 21.Available at:http://www.koedoe.co.za/index.php/koedoe/article/view/135[Accessed 2 December 2004].OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 9 ‐3.3. Journal abstract from a databaseFor a journal abstract from a database where youhave been unable to access the full article, therequired elements for a reference are:Author, Initials. Year. Title of article. Full Title ofJournal, [type of medium] Volume number (Issue/Partnumber), Page numbers if available. ‘Abstract only.’Available at: include web site address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and additional details of access.[Accessed date].N.B. the URL should be underlinedGovender, J.M. 2002. The Bretton Woodsproposal: an in depth look. Political ScienceQuarterly, [e‐journal] 42(6). Abstract only.Available at:BlackwellScienceSynergydatabasehttp://www.pol.upenn/articles, BlackwellScience Synergy[Accessed 12 June 2005].Every effort should be made to read the article in fullif you intend to use this work as supporting evidencein an academic submission3.4 Newspaper articlesFor newspaper articles the required elements for areference are:Author, Initials. Year. Title of article. Full Title ofNewspaper. Day and month before page number andcolumn line.Steenkamp, G. 2005. Corporate manslaughter:new issues for lawyers. The Cape Timees, 3 Sep.p. 4b.3.5 Online newspaper articlesFor newspaper articles found in online newspapers,the required elements for a reference are:Author or corporate author. Year. Title of documentor page. Name of newspaper, [type of medium]additional date information.Available at: include web site address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and additional details of access,such as the routing from the home page of thesource.[Accessed date].N.B. the URL should be underlinedBredenkamp, M., Cleaver, L. & Russel, D.2003. Focus: ‘Targetitis ails NHS. Times Online,[internet] 1 June.Available at:http://www.timesonline.co.uk/printFriendly/0,,11‐1506‐669.html[Accessed 18 March 2003].It is good practice to keep in your files a copy of thefront page of any website you use.OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 10 ‐OTHER TYPES OF DOCUMENT4.1 Acts of ParliamentThe required elements are:Short title with key words capitalised, which includesthe year followed by the, date and Act number thechapter number in brackets. Key words of titles arecapitalised. Place of publication: Publisher.Higher Education Act 2004. No.12 of 2008, G31245 (Ch. 8), South Africa: UNISA Press.4.2 Statutory Instruments/Bills of GovernmentThe required elements for a reference are:Short title with key words capitalised. Year. Theabbreviation ʹBʹ followed by the number, dash andyear of publication. Place of publication: Publisher.Civil Aviation Bill. 2008. B73‐2008, South Africa:Parliament.4.3 Official PublicationsThe required elements for a reference are:Authorship, which may be part of the title. Year.Title, in italics if a separate element, Place of publication:Publisher.Royal Commission on civil liability andcompensation for personal injury, 1988. CapeTown: JUTA.4.4 Law reportFollowing normal legal practice the requiredelements for a reference are:Name of the parties involved in the law case, Year ofreporting (in square brackets, where there is novolume) number Law reporting series, Volume andnumber, Page reference if available.4.5 Annual reportThe required elements for a reference are:Corporate author, Year*. Full title of annual report,Place of publication: Publisher.R v White (John Henry) [2005] EWCA Crim 689,2005 WL 104528.Jones v Lipman [1962] 1 WLR 832.Saidi v France (1994) 17 EHRR 251, p.245.Rigter, G. 1998. The way forward, annual report1998‐2000, Cape Town: JUTA.For an e‐version of an annual report the requiredelements for a reference are:Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document orpage, [type of medium]Available at: include web site address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and additional details of access,such as the routing from the home page of the source.[Accessed date]Rigter, G. 1998. Annual report 1998‐2000.[Online] Available at: http://www‐marks‐andspencer.co.uk/corporate/annual2003/[Accessed 4 June 2005].N.B. the URL should be underlinedIt is good practice to keep in your files a copy of thefront page of any website you use.OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 11 ‐4.6 International StandardsThe required elements for a reference are:Corporate author, Year. Identifying letters and numbersand full title of BS, Place of publication: Publisher.British Standards Institution, 1990. BS5555:1990 Recommendations for wiringidentification. Milton Keynes: BSI.International Standards Office, 1998. ISO 690 –2 Information and documentation: Bibliographicalreferences: Electronic documents.Geneva: ISO.4.7 Conference reportThe required elements for a reference are:Authorship/author, editor or organisation, Year. Fulltitle of conference report. Location, Date, Publisher:Place of publication.UNDESA (United Nations Department ofEconomic and Social Affairs), 2005. 6th Globalforum on reinventing government: towardsparticipatory and transparent governance. Seoul,Republic of Korea 24‐27 May 2005. CapeTown: UNISA Press.4.8 Conference paperThe required elements for a reference are:Authorship, Year. Full title of conference paper. In:followed by Editor or name of organisation, Full titleof conference. Location, Date, Publisher: Place ofpublication.Brown, J. 2005. Evaluating surveys oftransparent governance. In: UNDESA (UnitedNations Department of Economic and SocialAffairs),6th Global forum on reinventing government:towards participatory and transparent governance.Seoul, Republic of Korea 24‐27 May 2005. CapeTown: UNISA Press.4.9 Dissertation/ThesisThe required elements for a reference are:Author, Year of publication. Title of dissertation. Level.Place of University (If not clear from the name of theUniversity): Name of University.De Villiers, P.J.T. 1986. Die bestuur vanbedryfskapitaal in die algemene mediese praktyk,met spesifieke verwysing na die bestuur vandebiteure. PhD. Stellenbosch: StellenboschUniversity.4.10 DVD or video, film and broadcastsThe required elements for a reference are:Full title of DVD or video. Year of distribution.[Medium] Director (if relevant) Country or origin:Film studio or maker. (Other relevant details).Great films from the 80s: a selection of clips fromWarner Brothers top films from the 1980s. 2005[DVD] Cape Town: SABC.OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 12 ‐For a film the suggested elements should include:Title. Year of release. [Medium] Director. Country oforigin: Film studio.For a broadcast the suggested elements shouldinclude:Series title and episode name and number if relevant, Yearof broadcast. [Medium] Broadcasting organisationand Channel, date and time of transmission.Macbeth, 1948. [Film] Directed by OrsonWells. Cape Town: Green Pictures.50/50, 2006. [TV programme] SABC, SABC 1,30 January 2006 20:004.11 MapThe required elements for a reference are:Map maker, Year of issue. Title of map. Map series,Sheet number, scale, Place of publication: PublisherOrdnance Survey, 2006. Chester and NorthWales. Landranger series, Sheet 106, 1:50000,Cape Town: Ordnance Survey.4.12 Pictures, Images and PhotographsThe suggested elements for a reference are:Artist/Photographers name. Year of production. Titleof image. [Medium](Collection details).For an electronic reference the suggested elementsare:Artist/Photographers name. Year of production. Titleof image. [medium]Available at: include web site address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and additional details of access,such as the routing from the home page of thesource.[Accessed date].Swanepoel, C. 1956. Marilyn Monroe.[Photograph] (Marilyn Monroe’s own privatecollection).Swanepoel, C. 1944. China 1944: A motherresting her head on her sick childʹs pillow in theCanadian Mission Hospital in Chengtu.[Photograph] (Imperial War MuseumCollection).Phillips, Greg. 2008. Tales from TopographicOceans. [electronic print] Available at:http://rogerdean.com/store/product_info.php?cPath=48&products_id=88 From homepage/store/calendar/august[Accessed 18 June 2008].OpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

ELECTRONIC SOURCES‐ 13 ‐5.1 WebsitesFor websites found on the world wide web therequired elements for a reference are:Authorship or Source. Year. Title of web document orweb page. [Medium](date of update)Available at: include web site address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and additional details such asaccess or routing from the home page of the source.[Accessed date].National electronic Library for Health. 2003.Can walking make you slimmer and healthier?(Hitting the headlines article) [Online](Updated 16 Jan 2005)Available at: http://www.nhs.uk.hth.walking[Accessed 10 April 2005].N.B. the URL should be underlinedThe title of a web page is normally the main headingon the page.It is good practice to keep a copy of the front page ofany website you use.5.2 Publications available from websitesFor publications found on the internet the requiredelements for a reference are:Author or corporate author. Year. Title of document.[type of medium] Place: Producer/Publisher.Available at: include web site address/URL(UniformResource Locator) and additional details of access,such as the routing from the home page of thesource.[Accessed date].Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines. 2001.Hypertension in the elderly. (SIGN publication20) [internet] Edinburgh : SIGN (Published2001) Available at:http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign49.pdf[Accessed 17 March 2005].N.B. the URL should be underlinedIt is good practice to keep a copy of the front page ofany website you use.5.3 Email correspondence/discussion listsParticular care needs to be taken if you are quotingfrom these as they may include personal e‐mailaddresses and be from a restricted source.Permission should be sought before these sourcesare quoted.For e‐mail correspondence or discussion lists thesuggested elements for a reference are:Name of sender and e‐mail address, Year. Message orsubject title from posting line. [type of medium]Recipientʹs name and e‐mail address. Date sent:Including time.Available at: URL (e.g. details of where message isarchived).[Accessed date].Jones, P. jones@jones.co.za, 2005. Mobile phonedevelopments. [E‐mail] Message to R G. Schmit(r.g.schmit@syy.ac.uk). Sent Monday 7 June2005, 08:13.Availableat:http://gog.defer.com/2004_07_01_defer_archive.html [Accessed 7 July 2005].Copies of such correspondence should be kept, asOpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008

‐ 14 ‐these may need to be submitted as an appendix in anacademic submission.UNPUBLISHED WORKS6.1 Unpublished worksYou may occasionally have access to a documentbefore it is published and will therefore not be able toprovide full details:Mustard, J. (in press) A new book that I havewritten. Johannesburg: University ofJohannesburg.Retief, E. & Murray, T. (in press) Demons ordiamonds: a study to ascertain the range ofattitudes present in health professionals tochildren with conduct disorder. Journal ofAdolescent Psychiatric Nursing. (Accepted forpublication December 2002).6.2 Personal communicationWhere you refer to a more informal personalcommunication, e.g. letter, phone call orconversation, provide as much detail as possible andnote the nature of the communication:Permission should be sought before these sources arequoted, and a copy retained for reference.Groenewaldt, E. 2000. Life and Death: The storyof Birth. [Letter] (Personal communication, 2July 2008).Green, S. 2003. Discussion on citation andreferencing [Letter] (Personal communication, 5September 2003).PLEASE NOTE: The sources quoted in this guide have been compiled for the purpose of illustrationonly. Any similarity with published work is coincidentalOpenJournals Publishing, a proud division of AOSIS (Pty) Ltd | Postnet Suite #55, Private Bag X22, Tygervalley,7536 | Tel: +27 (0)21 975 4684 | Fax: +27 (0)21 975 3448 | This work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution‐Noncommercial‐No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa LicenseUpdated: 17‐09‐2008