National Knowledge Commission Report to the Nation 2009: Baseline

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Medical EducationIntroductionAssuring a minimal level of health care to thepopulation is a critical constituent of thedevelopment process. As a result, the goal andobjectives of medical education, its quality and quantityhas wide ramifications for human development, healthservices and build up of intellectual capital for thewelfare of the whole country. While medical educationin India has expanded in the last 60 years, it continuesto remain inadequate given the needs of the country.This is reflected in the shortage of health professionalsand health services, with wide disparities betweenrural and urban areas and also between various states.There is thus an urgent need to expand India’s medicaleducation system while keeping issues of quality inconsideration.Current ScenarioEnrolment: The number of students enrolled in medicaleducation has increased by around 85 per cent in thelast ten years, from 1,88,187 in 1995-96 to 3,48,485in 2005-06. However, enrolment in medicine as aproportion to total enrolment in higher education hasbarely increased – it has changed from 2.9 per cent in1995-96 to 3.1 per cent in 2005-06.Institutions: The total number of medical colleges(allopathy, ayurveda, homeopathy, unani, dental,nursing and pharmacy) put together stood at 2092in 2005-06. This was a sharp increase from just 817medical colleges in 2004-05.Allopathic Medical Colleges: As of 2006, there were 262allopathic medical colleges in the country, out of which174 medical colleges were recognised under Section 11(2)of the IMC Act, 1956 by Medical Council of India. Theremaining 88 colleges are permitted under Section 10Aof the IMC Act, 1956 for starting MBBS courses. Out ofthe 262 medical colleges, 131 were government medicalcolleges, and remaining 131 were private medical colleges.The admission capacity in these colleges is approximately29,172 students per year. The increase in private medicalcolleges has been sharp – they grew from 47 in 1995 to131 in 2006. In the same period, government run medicalcolleges have increased only from 109 to 131.AYUSH Medical Colleges: Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy,Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) colleges haveseen a gradual increase in the last five years. (See Figure 31)It is a matter of concern that a large number of medicalcolleges are concentrated in six states (Maharashtra,Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala andFigure 28: Growth in enrolment in medicine4000003500003000002500002000001500001000005000001995-96 2000-01 2005-06Source: UGC194 National Knowledge Commission
Figure 29: Growth in medical colleges25002092200015001000759 78381750002002-03 2003-04 2004-052005-06Source: MHRD, Selected Statistics 2005-06Figure 30: Growth in medical colleges – government and privateGovernmentPrivate1401201008060402001993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Source: Medical Council of IndiaGujarat). These states cover about 63 per cent of the totalnumber of medical colleges and 67 per cent of the numberof seats. In contrast to this, a disproportionately smallnumber of colleges/seats are located in the other states– 20 per cent of the aggregate number of colleges and 18per cent of the seats in the case of the Empowered ActionGroup states; and 3 per cent of the aggregate number ofcolleges and 3 per cent of the seats in the North Eastern/Hilly states. There is also a rural urban divide with only30 per cent of the population in the urban areas with96 per cent of educational institutes here, whereas wheremore than 70 per cent of the population lives, availabilityof educational facilities is meager.Regulation: A plethora of bodies exist to controlmedical education. Authorities involved includeMinistry of Health, Medical Council of India(MCI), UGC, State Medical Education Departmentsand Councils, Medical Colleges/Institutes, NAMSand NBE (National Board of Examinations). TheMedical Council of India (MCI) was established in1933 and as per Indian Medical Council Act 1933is the statutory recommending body. The MCI onlyrecognises institutions to start a course and expand itaccording to laid down criteria under the MCI Act of1956. With the prior permission of the Governmentof India, it has no regulatory powers; it is only arecommendatory body. Over the years it has failedto serve the purpose and led to a progressive declinein medical education. The State Medical EducationDepartments and Councils grant licenses to practicewithout assessment. Medical colleges largely followReport to the Nation195
Page 1: Annexure I: BaselineReport to the N
Page 8 and 9: years and 15-17 years were 13.8 per
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Page 13 and 14: 4. Impact: Of the trained candidate
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Page 45 and 46: AgricultureIntroductionAgriculture
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National Knowledge Commission Report to the Nation 2009: Baseline

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