Designing and operating safe chemical reaction processes HSG143
Designing and operating safe chemical reaction processes HSG143
Designing and operating safe chemical reaction processes HSG143
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Health <strong>and</strong> SafetyExecutiveDecomposition: The breaking up of a <strong>chemical</strong> compound into gaseous products.The temperature at which decomposition occurs depends on scale <strong>and</strong> is markedlydependent on the sensitivity of the measuring equipment.Deflagration: Chemical <strong>reaction</strong> propagating through a material by a <strong>reaction</strong> frontor zone travelling at subsonic speed.Detonate: see Detonation.Detonation: Chemical <strong>reaction</strong> propagating through a material by a <strong>reaction</strong> frontor zone in front of a shock wave travelling at supersonic speed.Dewar: A vacuum flask that can be used in calorimetry.DIERS: The Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems of the AmericanInstitute of Chemical Engineers. A collaborative group of companies <strong>and</strong>organisations.Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): A technique in which the difference ofenergy inputs into a substance <strong>and</strong> a reference material is measured as a functionof temperature while the substance <strong>and</strong> reference material are subjected to acontrolled temperature program. DSC <strong>and</strong> DTA are essentially equivalent.Differential thermal analysis (DTA): see differential scanning calorimetry.DSC: see differential scanning calorimetry.DTA: see differential thermal analysis.Dumping: Rapid discharge of the contents from the bottom of a reactor. Termsometimes used synonymously with ‘bottom venting’.Endothermic: A <strong>reaction</strong> is called endothermic if energy (heat) is absorbed duringthe <strong>reaction</strong>.Exothermic: A <strong>reaction</strong> is called exothermic if energy (heat) is released during the<strong>reaction</strong>.Explosion: A release of energy sufficient to cause a pressure wave.Flow regime: An idealised model of the behaviour of a two-phase system thatbest describes the actual behaviour.Foamy: see foamy flow.Foamy flow: A flow regime in which the vapour <strong>and</strong> liquid phases are uniformly<strong>and</strong> homogeneously mixed as a foam.Gassy systems: A system type for relief system sizing in which pressureincrease is due to permanent gas generated by a <strong>reaction</strong>.Hazard: The disposition of a thing, a condition or a situation to cause injury. The‘injury’ of concern is physical injury <strong>and</strong>/or ill health to people, though this may beaccompanied by harm to property <strong>and</strong> the environment.Hazard <strong>and</strong> operability study (HAZOP): A technique to identify process hazards<strong>and</strong> potential <strong>operating</strong> problems using a series of guide words to study processdeviations.<strong>Designing</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>operating</strong> <strong>safe</strong> <strong>chemical</strong> <strong>reaction</strong> <strong>processes</strong> Page 61 of 64
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