The Basic Methods of Pearl Farming: A Layman's Manual - CTSA

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Basic Methods of Pearl FarmingHarvest........................................................................................................................ 57Half-pearl (mabe) implantation ............................................................................... 59Selling pearls and pearl products ............................................................................ 63Appendix .................................................................................................................... 67Glossary ...................................................................................................................... 73Suppliers of aquaculture and pearl farming supplies............................................ 75Bibliography............................................................................................................... 79ii
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsThe assistance and knowledge of many pearl farmers, colleagues and fellow researchers is gratefullyacknowledged. Among those who selflessly contributed to this effort to provide the basic informationneeded by farmers to start pearl farms and produce high quality pearls are: Jean and Estelle Tapu,Tyrone Tapu, Ron Hall, Taruia Matara, Tarani and Piltz Napa, Soa Tini, Simon Ellis, Anne OrcuttBailey, Kevan Main, Ben Ponia, Miles Anderson, Quentin Fong, David Thompson, Joan Rolls, JohnRowntree, Tap Pryor, Kennedy Paynter, Francis Thibodeau, Fred Ward, Timothy Dick, Kelvin andAnna Passfield and John Sprague. Several private companies also contributed to this effort: TapuPerles, Nukuoro Pearl Farm, Robert Reimers Enterprises and Black Pearls of Miconesia. Special thanksgo to my colleagues of the Coastal Resources Center of the University of Rhode Island, who providedthe moral support and flexibility to allow this manual to be written. Dr. C.L. Cheshire of the PacificBusiness Program, University of Hawaii at Manoa, kindly provided assistance with the economic aspectsof this work. The support given by CTSA and its personnel, Dr. Cheng-Sheng Lee (Director),Simon Ellis (Regional Aquaculture Extension Agent) and Kai Lee Awaya is greatly appreciated.Illustrations and photographs were prepared by Diane Nakashima, Oscar Blanco and Maria Haws. Theauthor is particularly grateful to Diane Nakashima for her efforts with the illustrations and for preparingthe cover. Cover photographs are courtesy of University of Hawaii Sea Grant.Above all, this work was inspired by the pearl farmers of Penrhyn (Tongareva), Cook Islands, whoworked to establish pearl farms while maintaining the environmental health of their lagoon.Funding for the printing of this publication was provided by the Center for Tropical and SubtropicalAquaculture (CTSA) through a grant from the Cooperative State Research, Education, and ExtensionService of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Grant #98-39500-5947). This publication was preparedwith support from a grant from the Pacific Aquaculture Development Program, University ofHawaii Sea Grant Program,under Institutional Grant No. NA86RG0041from the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-grant # GEN 103.The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S.Department of Agriculture, CTSA, University of Hawaii Sea Grant, NOAA or any of their sub-agencies.Funding and resources were also provided by the following companies: Tapu Perles and SeaPearls.Page 1
Page 1 and 2: CTSA Publication No. 127The Basic M
Page 3: Table of ContentsTable of ContentsA
Page 7 and 8: IntroductionIntroductionThe purpose
Page 9 and 10: A short history of pearl cultureA s
Page 11 and 12: Benefits of pearl cultureBenefits o
Page 13 and 14: Basic biology and ecologyBasic biol
Page 15 and 16: Basic biology and ecologyPearl oyst
Page 17 and 18: Overview of pearl farmingOverview o
Page 19 and 20: Determining if pearl farming is pos
Page 25 and 26: Selecting a siteSelecting a site fo
Page 27 and 28: How to setup the farmHow to setup t
Page 29 and 30: How to setup the farmA word about d
Page 31 and 32: How to setup the farm3. Underwater
Page 33 and 34: Preparing the pearl oysters for han
Page 35 and 36: Guidelines for keeping pearl oyster
Page 37 and 38: General farm managementGeneral farm
Page 39 and 40: Handling and transportHandling and
Page 41 and 42: Handling and transportTransporting
Page 43 and 44: Spat collectionSpat collectionSpat
Page 45 and 46: Spat collectionLeave about 13 in (3
Page 47 and 48: Spat collectionIn the southern hemi
Page 49 and 50: Spat collectionSpat are very sensit
Page 51 and 52: Disease and other causes of deathDi
Page 53 and 54: Disease and other causes of deathOt
Page 55 and 56:
Nucleus implantation (grafting)Nucl
Page 57 and 58:
Nucleus implantation (grafting)Pear
Page 59 and 60:
Nucleus implantation (grafting)Post
Page 61 and 62:
HarvestHarvestHarvest pearls when t
Page 63 and 64:
Half-pearl (mabe) implantationHalf-
Page 65 and 66:
Half-pearl (mabe) implantationFigur
Page 67 and 68:
Selling pearls and pearl productsSe
Page 69 and 70:
Selling pearls and pearl productsOn
Page 71 and 72:
AppendixAppendixBudgets for small a
Page 73 and 74:
($48,145 - $38,713)AppendixTable 2.
Page 75 and 76:
Table 5. Costs (for operating farm
Page 77 and 78:
GlossaryGlossaryBaroque: irregularl
Page 79 and 80:
SuppliersSuppliers of aquaculture a
Page 81 and 82:
SuppliersAquatic Ecosystems Inc.176
Page 83 and 84:
BibliographyBibliographyGeorge, C.D
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