History of Latvia: a Brief Survey

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Rīga in 1612.However, during this time, the Duchy of Courland remained an object of interest for bothSweden and Poland. In 1621, during the Polish-Swedish war (1600-1629), Latgale remainedunder Polish control, but Vidzeme and Rīga came under Swedish rule, overshadowingStockholm as the largest and most developed city in the Swedish kingdom. Rīga waseconomically and culturally part of a growing urban network linking the major states andcultures of Western, Eastern and Northern Europe. During this period the region of Vidzemewas known as the ‘Swedish bread basket’ because it supplied the larger part of the Swedishkingdom with wheat.Awareness of the Latvian identity began in the 17th century. The Couronians, Latgallians,Selonians, Semigallians and part of the Livs began to identify as a culturally unified nation —the Latvians (latvieši). Most of the Latvian population were farmers and by the second half ofthe 17th century, most of them were serfs.In the early 18th century, the Great Northern War broke out, largely as a result of the RussianEmpire’s desire to expand its territorial claims to the strategically important territory of Latvia.One of its key goals was to secure and control the wealthy and prestigious city of Rīga.14
The Port of Rīga in 1650 — loading ofherring.The Great Northern War in the territoryof Latvia. The King of Sweden, Karl XII,and his army fording the Daugava Rivernear Rīga, July 1701.15
Page 6: In the AD 900s, the ancient Balts b
Page 10 and 11: 12th century-1914The Age ofGerman,
Page 12 and 13: Walter von Plettenberg (c.1450-1535
Page 14 and 15: Luther’s Small Catechism (Enchiri
Page 18 and 19: Dome Cathedral in Rīga, 1780s.In 1
Page 20 and 21: Krišjānis Valdemārs (1825-1891),
Page 22 and 23: New political undercurrents penetra
Page 24 and 25: 1914-1939The Fight forIndependence
Page 26 and 27: German army in Rīga, autumn 1917.I
Page 28 and 29: Article on the front page of the La
Page 30 and 31: A scene from the film ‘Latvian We
Page 32 and 33: In the 1930s Latvia achieved one of
Page 34 and 35: 1939-1980sThe Loss of Independence,
Page 36 and 37: Occupation of Latvia by the Soviet
Page 38 and 39: The first 1000 Latvian men conscrip
Page 40 and 41: Propaganda poster of Stalin’stota
Page 42 and 43: Forced industrialisation — largei
Page 44 and 45: From the 1980sReinstatingIndependen
Page 46 and 47: On 23 August 1989, fifty years had
Page 48 and 49: A twenty lat bill. The Latvian nati
Page 50 and 51: Main Historical Events9000 BC Arriv
Page 52: The Latvian Institute promotes know

History of Latvia: a Brief Survey

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