5.3. PRESENTING STATISTICS ON THE POPULATION OF DEAF CHILDRENThe variations <strong>and</strong> caveats detailed above suggest a need for care in contextualisingavailable statistics about the number of deaf children in Scotl<strong>and</strong>.It may be that additional sources of data could be exploited: for example, statisticalinformation from paediatric audiology clinics. It was not possible to explore this withinthe limits of this study, but is something to consider in future.5.4. STATISTICS RELATING TO EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTDeaf pupils perform similarly to hearing pupils in non-verbal performance intelligencetests (Marschark, 2006). However, deaf pupils have persistently under-attainededucationally compared to their hearing peers (Powers et al, 1998). The situation wasrecently demonstrated by ADPS to be no different in Scotl<strong>and</strong> (ADPS, 2006).As there is a symbiotic relationship between language <strong>and</strong> cognition, it is reasonable toassume that good linguistic access will enable deaf pupils’ achievement levels to convergewith those of hearing pupils. ScotXed specifications, planned as far as 2008 (ScotXed,2007), show that a limited number of data fields will enable exploration of factorsrelating to linguistic access: existence of hearing impairment; types of placement(special school, unit or mainstream); existence of ‘communication adaptation’; ‘signlanguage’ as an option within ‘home <strong>and</strong> additional languages’. There are no plans toinclude specialist subset information, such as: hearing loss levels, specific languageapproaches or specialist access arrangements. By contrast, since 2005, there have beena small range of linguistic access options within the field of Gaelic education, whichenable exploration of extent of curricular access via Gaelic.A large amount of ADPS data remains unexplored (see section 11 for details); funding isbeing sought to analyse these unexplored areas. Since this data was collected, therehave been no published data on achievements of Scottish deaf pupils (a fact recentlyhighlighted within a members’ debate in the Scottish Parliament [Scottish Parliament,2007]). As with the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) in Engl<strong>and</strong>, it is possiblefor researchers to apply to access attainment data relating to Scottish pupils identifiedby ScotXed as hearing impaired (for details of the procedure for requesting access, seeScottish Government, 2007a).However, neither ScotXed nor PLASC support the collection of specialised data whichwould to enable exploration of a key range of influencing factors, such as hearing losslevel etc. The nature of the systems also preclude the possibility of responding quickly tochanges in specialist developments, such as rapidly changing advances in technology<strong>and</strong> advances in linguistic assessments of both BSL <strong>and</strong> English etc; it takes at least18 months for any agreed changes to be adopted.It had previously been hoped that ADPS would, with new funding, be able to collaboratewith ScotXed by sharing relevant ScotXed data <strong>and</strong> by supplementing this with in-depth,specialist information collected through the ADPS annual survey. This would have enabledthe definition of a country’s population of deaf children <strong>and</strong> detailed tracking of factorsinfluencing attainment, over time.15
In Engl<strong>and</strong>, a consortium of organisations <strong>and</strong> Universities is currently exploring thepossibility of establishing just such an arrangement throughout the UK. The groupincludes representatives from the National Deaf Children’s Society (NDCS), the <strong>British</strong>Association of Teachers of the Deaf (BATOD), Birmingham University <strong>and</strong> UniversityCollege London. A pilot project is underway in one English area, <strong>and</strong> the group hope toraise funds to begin implementing across the UK within the next year. The group areaware that a way will need to be found to ensure that the complexities of the distinctivefeatures of the Scottish system (as well as, to a lesser extent, Wales <strong>and</strong> NorthernIrel<strong>and</strong>) are fully considered <strong>and</strong> addressed.5.5. RECOMMENDATIONS■ There is a need for detailed knowledge of the population of deaf pupils, in order totrack the impact of relevant developments in policy, legislation, technology <strong>and</strong>linguistics. A project similar to ADPS could collaborate with ScotXed to share <strong>and</strong>complement data. It is essential that there is Scottish representation on theconsortium which is currently planning UK-wide data collection.■■■Consideration could be given to exploiting data on numbers of deaf children <strong>and</strong>young people held by audiology departments across Scotl<strong>and</strong>.Consistency is needed in the criteria for opening deaf pupil IEPS among individualschools <strong>and</strong> local authorities. Investigation of the current picture across the countrywould be helpful. National networks of Additional Support for Learning Officers <strong>and</strong>of Educational Psychologists could be usefully exploited in such a study.Caution is needed in referring to currently available statistics on deaf pupils; there isa need to clearly state the definition of the group quoted.16