African Women's Report 2009 - United Nations Economic ...

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ForewordThe United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) presents one ofits flagship publications, the 2009 African Women’s Report. The report’s theme:Measuring Gender Inequality in Africa: Experiences and Lessons From the AfricanGender and Development Index, is opportune as African countries are being urged toimprove their statistical systems and data collection methods to respond to developmentconcerns. This includes the need to accelerate gender equality in the social,economic and political fields. The central message of the report is that gender equalitycannot be adequately implemented and monitored without appropriate data.The African Gender and Development Index (AGDI) seeks to invigorate genderstatistical data collection in Africa as a monitoring tool of progress being made inimplementing global, regional and sub regional commitments on gender equality.The Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women(1979) (CEDAW) is the first ever global treaty to give full and effective expression tothe economic, social and cultural rights of women in addition to their political andcivil rights. The International Conference on Population and Development (1994)and the Fourth World Conference on Women (1995) in concert with their respectivefollow-up meetings of +5, +10 and +15, and the United Nations MillenniumDeclaration (2000), all constitute important global agenda-setting frameworks forthe achievement of gender equality.At the regional level, the rights of African women have been given holistic impetuswith the entering into force of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human andPeople’s Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa in 2005 under the auspices ofthe African Union (AU). The introduction of other initiatives, such as the Declarationof the Southern African Development Community on Gender and Development(1997), the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (2001) and the SolemnDeclaration of African Heads of States on Gender Equality (2004) also enhanceregional perspectives on women’s rights. These instruments provide the basis forholding governments accountable for advancing the status of women in their respectivecountries. Women’s marginalization is deeply rooted in the historical, politicaland socio-cultural context of Africa’s development. While some improvements andsuccesses are evident, the substance and pace of change have not been executed withthe momentum and urgency required to catapult Africa’s present stage of developmentto the level of results needed.xv
Page 3 and 4: Economic Commission for AfricaAfric
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsList of AcronymsFo
Page 7 and 8: 8 Perspectives, Conclusions and Way
Page 9 and 10: 6.5 Experiences from South Africa a
Page 11 and 12: 5.4 HIV prevalence among young peop
Page 13 and 14: List of AcronymsACGSACRWCADFAfDBAGD
Page 15: UNAIDSUNDPUNECAUNESCOUNFPAUNICEFUNS
Page 19 and 20: PrefaceThe development of an index
Page 21 and 22: AcknowledgementsThis report is the
Page 23 and 24: Barouni, Hassiba Chabaana and Hmida
Page 25 and 26: SummaryThe African Gender and Devel
Page 27 and 28: Main findingsUsing the four blocks
Page 29 and 30: The specific indicators reviewed un
Page 31 and 32: limited representation in legislati
Page 33 and 34: UN and regional agencies (e.g. UNEC
Page 35 and 36: opment planning frameworks and proc
Page 37 and 38: Introduction1The agendaThe last thr
Page 39 and 40: Redefining the futureWhile efforts
Page 41 and 42: Group on Gender Statistics. This is
Page 43 and 44: Figure 1.1Sub regional distribution
Page 45 and 46: nities’; and political power repr
Page 47 and 48: • Freedom to dispose of own incom
Page 49 and 50: Block Component SubcomponentPublic
Page 51 and 52: As can be appreciated from the Tabl
Page 53 and 54: Table 1.3The African Women’s Prog
Page 55 and 56: Calculation of the GSI and AWPS and
Page 57 and 58: Box 1.2Synergies between social and
Page 59 and 60: interventions, such as Expanded Pro
Page 61 and 62: programming towards sustainable dev
Page 63: The AGDI is also relevant within th
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Table 2.1Composite score on women
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Table 2.2Comparative scores on wome
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Progress ofmeasures ofcountries in
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Table 2.4OP-CEDAW scoresAdherence t
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(1996), is broad based, ensuring th
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A substantial number of landmark co
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The experience of Tunisia, however,
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Attitudinal changeappears to be ama
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Through self-initiatives, civil soc
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All national and regional stakehold
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This includesthreats of suchacts, c
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Table 3.2Comparative scores on VAW
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of this nature with clearly specifi
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Table 3.4Domestic violence interven
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Table 3.5Protection from rapeLawPol
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Table 3.6Protection from sexual har
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TraffickingLack of accessto resourc
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Box 3.7Instances of challenges of t
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while South Africa mentions that th
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Commitment to Access andQuality Edu
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Figure 4.1Overall Education GSI1.51
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Figure 4.2The enrolment GSI1.51.20.
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out ratio for secondary level compa
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The second indicator is important b
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Box 4.6Special measures for school
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Box 4.7Why more boys than girls dro
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“In recent years, a number of imp
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African Governments and stakeholder
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Commitment to Access andQuality Hea
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Overview of the Health GSIThe overa
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With the exception of Tunisia, the
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Figure 5.2Child health sub-componen
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While the other indicators are true
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investigation of male and female in
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The ICPD +5 review of 1999 made cri
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Box 5.5HIV/AIDS initiatives in some
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Table 5.8Health- ICPD PoA +15, STIs
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Table 5.9MMR in pilot countries in
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Table 5.10ICPD PoA+15 (Maternal Mor
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Box 5.12ICPD and ICPD+5 benchmarks
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Table 5.12ICPD PoA +15 (Family Plan
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African Governments are toSustain a
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Access to EconomicOpportunities and
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Figure 6.1GSI of the economic block
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economic growth. Results of time us
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Figure 6.2Employment GSI Index1001.
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tural workers are unpaid family mem
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indications that they are the minor
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Figure 6.4Women’s Access to credi
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Low scores generally evident in the
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framework for equality between wome
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Although Convention 100 has been ra
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of allocation of human and financia
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Lack of ratifications not withstand
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Table 6.12Analysis of country score
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en’s associations engaged in inco
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performance in lifting barriers to
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the agency responsible for carrying
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South Africa and Uganda) have under
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interventions that would accelerate
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African Women’s Agency andDecisio
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The GSI: Public sector participatio
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also cooperates with a number of NG
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Table 7.3Women and men in the publi
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6). While Uganda reflects a score o
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Africa have strikingly different GS
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countries to give local effect to t
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Table 7.8Effective and accessible n
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effectiveness. This section assesse
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Apart from the general liberalist a
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to involve civil society in the cam
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Perspectives, Conclusionsand Way Fo
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Table 8.1Comparison of GSI, GDI, HD
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Cross dimensional perspectivesThe A
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Data definitions and standardsThe w
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Subjectivity and possible biases in
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• Harmonise the scoring of Articl
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African health delivery systems, es
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Government of Ethiopia, 2002. Plan
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UNECA, 2009 a. Africa Regional Revi
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Ghana, AGDI Country Report, 2005 as
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Appendix One: Country Data SourcesS
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Mozambique:1.2.3.4.Primary enrolmen
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2.3.Underweight under 3: All data o
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Ghana:1.2.3.Ghana Parliamentary Reg
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Appendix Three: Composite GSI and A
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BeninBurkina FasoCameroonEgyptEthio
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Table A.2Estimated GSI. Excluding r
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BeninBurkina FasoCameroonEgyptEthio
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Appendix Five: The AWPS Scoring Pro
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c. Legal or other legal measuresThi
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only government funds are considere
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2 - extensive campaigns conducted w
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TunisiaGeneral declaration: The Tun
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