MCWP-3-11.3-Scouting-and-Patrolling

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CHAPTER 2. TERRAIN, MAPS, AND DIRECTIONA scout must understand map symbols, identify elevations from contour intervallines, scale distance on a map, relate natural and man-made features shown on themap to the actual features on the ground, plot a course from one point to another,and locate his current position. To relate a map to the actual terrain and itsfeatures, a scout must be able to orient it to the ground using a compass, twopoints, a watch, and the sun or the stars.2001. TERRAIN FEATURESSince the infantry works and fights on the ground,terrain ashore information that scouts gather andreport on is of great importance. Hills, valleys, woods,and streams are the forms and growths commonlyreferred to as natural land features. Artificial or manmadefeatures include houses, bridges, and railroads.Figure 2-1 shows some important terrain features.2002. THE LENSATIC COMPASSThe best method of finding direction, during both dayand night, is with a compass. The lensatic and M2 arethe two types of compasses issued to infantry units.Both work on the same principle.The standard compass for general use in the MarineCorps is the pivot-mounted lensatic compass, so calledbecause azimuths are read through a magnifying lensin the eyepiece. Figure 2-2, on page 2-2, shows thelensatic compass and its nomenclature. The metergraphic scale on the side of the compass is 1:50,000,which is the most used scale in military mapping. Thegraphic scale is useful in the field as a straightedge, anaid in orienting the map, and a means of reading mapgrid coordinates. The plastic dial is graduated in bothdegrees and mils. Numbers on the dial are printed inblack. There are luminous markings on the bezel,floating dial, and on both ends of the sighting wire,plus a 3-degree bezel serration and clicking device thatpermit reading azimuths at night. The compass iscarried in a nylon case that may be attached to thecartridge belt.Magnetic compasses are affected by the presence ofiron or magnetic fields. Consequently, the scoutshould not be within the influence of local magneticFigure 2-1. Natural and Artificial Terrain Features.
2-2 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ MCWP 3-11.3Figure 2-2. Lensatic Compass.attraction while using a compass to determine direction.The rifle, pistol, and other metal objects must belaid aside when reading the compass. The minimumdistances the scout should be from visible masses ofiron and electrical fields of magnetism for the compassto provide accurate readings are provided below.Magnetic FieldsReading an AzimuthMinimumDistances(meters)High tension powerlines 60Field guns 20Vehicles (wheeled or tracked) 20Telephone and telegraph wires 10Barbed wire 10Machine gun 3Rifle, pistol 1To read an azimuth to any point, the cover of thecompass is raised to an angle of 90 degrees in relationto the index face, and the eyepiece is lifted to a 45-degree angle in relation to the bezel, or so the numberson the dial can be seen. The thumb of either hand isplaced in the thumb loop, the index finger extendedalong the side of the compass case, and the remainderof the hand closed. The closed hand and wrist aregrasped with the other hand. The elbows are drawn inclose to the body, forming a firm foundation for thecompass. The eye is placed to the lens on the eyepiece.The compass is pointed at the object or point to whichthe azimuth is to be read. A sighting is taken throughthe sighting slot in the eyepiece, and the point is linedup with the sighting wire in the cover. The compass isheld until the dial steadies; then the reading is takenthrough the lens of the eyepiece. This reading is themagnetic azimuth of the line from the observer to thepoint.Reading a Back AzimuthA back azimuth is the direction opposite the line ofsight. If the azimuth is less than 180 degrees, the backazimuth is obtained by adding 180 degrees. If theazimuth is greater than 180 degrees, the back azimuthis obtained by subtracting 180 degrees. Back azimuthsare used to determine a return route or to resection todetermine a current position.Circumventing ObstaclesWhen a scout is traveling on an azimuth and comesupon an obstacle—such as a contaminated area,minefield or swamp—the following steps (sometimesreferred to as the 90-degree offset method) is employedto go around or circumvent the obstacle and
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Page 3 and 4: DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVYHeadquarters
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APPENDIX C. PATROL EVALUATION CHECK
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APPENDIX F. REFERENCESJoint Publica
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