SANUMARC Newsletter 2nd Edition - University of Namibia

NewsOffi cial Newsletter of the Henties Bay Campus - 2nd Ed 2012SANUMARC is an Operating Unit of the United Nations University’s Institute for Natural Resources in Africa

EditorialIt is our pleasure to present youwith the 2012 second editionof SANUMARC News – Offi cialNewsletter of UNAM’s Henties BayCampus. The success of the fi rstedition and positive commentsfrom all our readers has becomea driving force for the Centre tosustain this new initiative of biannual al newsletter and we arethankful to all our readers for your support, the response forthe fi rst edition has been positive and encouragingThe United Nations University Institute for Natural Resourcesin Africa (UNU-INRA) of which SANUMARC is an affi liatedoperating institute held an International Conference inAccra, Ghana from 05 – 07 December to mark its 25thanniversary. SANUMARC Director, Prof. Omoregie and Ms.Hausiku (Mushroom Researcher) were among the gueststhat celebrated the 25th Anniversary. Read more about thecelebration inside this issue.The NAMSOV Community Trust has a respected trackrecord of empowering communities through education.The Namsov Community Trust endowed a NAD 1 millionTrust, known as The SANUMARC Trust and part of that fundhas been utilized to institute a Namsov Trust PostgraduateScholarship Scheme. At the moment, we are proudly havingthree postgraduate students at the Centre for which weare very grateful to NAMSOV Community Trust for providingan opportunity for these young scientists to develop theircareers in marine and coastal resources disciplines.As a Centre, we have a responsibility of transferring skillsand knowledge to our communities by assisting with variouscommunity development needs and training activities.The Centre provides training on mushroom production toHenties Bay community and beyond as well as providingtechnical assistance on horticulture projects and biogasconstruction. Since the end of last year the Centre hasstarted collaboration with National Youth Service (NYS). Thiscollaboration involved training in Mushroom productionand Horticulture at the Henties Bay Centre of NYS. Insidethis issue you will see how the youth have been providedtraining and what they have achieved so far. We are alsofocusing on reviving the biogas digester in the HentiesBay location area, the Centre will continue to promotebiogas use as a low cost source of energy, as well as anenvironmental management strategy.Lastly, I am really pleased that our team is growing, we haveadditional staff members and their profi les are includedin this issue. This staff growth has a great positive effecton strengthening our research activities at the Centre.Noteworthy here is to mention that since the inception ofthe Centre in 1999, this is the very fi rst time that the Centre ishaving a qualifi ed Librarian to manage its Resource Centre,a development attributed to the incumbent Director.ContentsNAMSOV Community Trust ...........................4Update on SPACES .......................................4Fellowships in Germany ................................6Bioplastic Research .......................................6UNU-INRA 25th Anniversary ..........................8New Faces at SANUMARC ...........................8Community Outreach ................................10Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences .....................12High Delegation Visit ...................................12Writing Research Proposals ........................12Biogas as Sustainable Energy ....................14Until next time!Dr Diina ShuulukaEditor-in-Chief

4NAMSOV COMMUNITY TRUSTCapacity Building at Postgraduate LevelThe Namsov Community Trust endowed a NAD 1million Trust Fund, known as The SANUMARC Trustfor the Sam Nujoma Marine and Coastal ResourcesResearch Centre. One of the objectives of this Trustis to fund research activities at the Centre that fallsunder the Research Mandate of SANUMARC andbenefi cial to the Namibian Nation.At one of SANUMARC’s Board meetings, mandate was givento the Management of the Centre to incorporate capacitybuilding in Marine Sciences as one of the activities to besupported by the Trust. To achieve this initiative, a NamsovPostgraduate Fellowship Scheme was inaugurated.For the 2012 and 2013 academic years, from 18 applicationsreceived, 3 were selected as the fi rst benefi ciaries of thisfellowship. The successful applicants are Mr. Johannes A.Iitembu (PhD Student registered with Rhodes University), Ms.Johanna K. Dijerenge and Mr. Emmanuel Vellemu (both MScstudents registered with the University of Namibia). Both Mr.Iitembu and Ms. Dijerenge are staff of the Ministry of Fisheriesand Marine Resources (MFMR).respectively on a one year contract made possible throughthe funding provided by Namsov Community Trust. Mainresponsibility is to ensure cleanliness of the laboratories as wellas providing support to fellows of the Namsov PostgraduateScholarship scheme in the laboratories....mandate was given to the Managementof the Centre to incorporate capacitybuilding in Marine Sciences as one of theactivities to be supported by the Trust.Ms. Anna Kharuchas and Mr. Johan de Klerk were recentlyengaged as Laboratory Attendant and Labourer respectivelyon a one year contract made possible through the fundingprovided by Namsov Community Trust.SANUMARC is very grateful to the Namsov Community Trust forthe endowment funds which will provide signifi cant trainingand development opportunities for young scientists to assistthem in developing their careers in Marine Science.In related news, Ms. Anna Kharuchas and Mr. Johan de Klerkwere recently engaged as Laboratory Attendant and Labourer

UPDATE ON SCIENCE PARTNERSHIPSFOR THE ASSESSMENT OF COMPLEXEARTH SYSTEM PROCESSES(SPACES)5Research outputs from the GermanRV Maria S. Merian Research CruiseSUPPORT:Main Photo: John RittmannSANUMARC is verygrateful to the NamsovSeveral research outputs from the German RV Maria S. Merian research cruise wereachieved coupled with the cruise objectives of capacity building within the Region.Posters from some of the research activities during the cruise were presented at the3rd Annual Science Symposium of the Benguela Current Commission (BCC) held inSwakopmund, from 17 to 19 October. Below are some titles of research undertaken byUNAM students on the cruise.• Distribution of main ichthyoplankton in the Benguela Upwelling System• Frequency of occurrence of seabirds, marine mammals and jellyfi sh in CentralNamibian waters• Nutrient cycle and the relevance of the Benguela Upwelling System for thebiological pump• CO2 emission from the Benguela Upwelling System• An assessment of spatial and vertical trends in meso-zooplankton in the upwellingsystems off Namibia• Distribution of Microzooplankton in the northern Benguela upwelling Region of theNamibian coastCommunity Trust forthe endowment fundswhich will providesignificant trainingand developmentopportunities for youngStudents in one of the laboratories on board RV Maria SMerian during the research cruise.scientists to assist themin developing theircareers inMarine Science.

6EIGHT FORMER UNAM STUDENTS BENEFSPACES MSc Fellowship in GermanyThe Pro Vice-Chancellor (Finance andAdministration), Dr. Boniface Mutumba and theDirector of the Sam Nujoma Marine and CoastalResources Research Centre (SANUMARC), Prof.Edosa Omoregie represented the University in thejust concluded SPACES meeting hosted by theBrandenburg Technical University (BTU), Cottbus in Germanyfrom 10 to 13 May, 2012. From the total of 13 students fromAngola, South African and Namibia, who were awarded theSPACES MSc Fellowship to study in various German Institutions,8 were Namibians and all of them former students from UNAM.Dr. Mutumba and Prof. Omoregie met with the studentsduring a dinner party organised by the President of BTUand socialised with them in a relaxed atmosphere were thestudents expressed themselves.SPACES Scholarships for Post Graduate Studies in Germany aimsto acquaint young scientists from South Africa, Namibia andAngola with the SPACES research projects at an early stage.Therefore, the scholarship programme offers the opportunity toexcellent post graduates from the above mentioned countriesto study in selected M.Sc. courses at German universities, Aftera four-month German course, all students are now studying inselected Master’s degree programs in Universities in Bremen,Cottbus, Greifswald and Kiel.A good news from the SPACES meeting at BTU is that BMBFwill within the next couple of weeks announce a scholarshipprogramme for PhD candidates. The selected candidateswill conduct research related to their thesis within the SPACESprogramme.Some of the Namibians studying for Master’s degree at variousGerman Universities under the SPACES programme posinghere for the camera with Dr. B Mutumba, Pro-Vice Chancellor:Finance & Administration of the University of Namibia (Backrow, third from right), and Prof Omoregie, the Director ofSANUMARC (Back row, 2nd from left).

BIOPLASTIC RESEARCH ATUNAM IN PARTNERSHIP WITHTHE AFRICA MATERIALSSCIENCE AND ENGINEERINGNETWORK (AMSEN)7ITING FROMMain Photo: John RittmannAfter a fourmonthGermancourse, allstudents arenow studying inselected Master’sdegree programsin Universities inBremen, Cottbus,Greifswaldand Kiel.AMSEN is one of five African networks that were selected for funding in 2008 bythe American-based Regional Initiative in Science and Education (RISE). TheUniversity of Namibia is one of five RISE networks in Africa. The other universitiesare Wits University, University of Botswana, University of Nairobi in Kenya andthe Federal University of Technology in the Nigerian city of Akure. RISE strives toassist participating African universities to develop and retain faculty membersthrough joint research, post-graduate training, sustainable collaboration andsmall grants for equipment, attending conferences and publication of findingsin peer reviewed journals. The fi rst AMSEN workshop was held in Windhoek in2010.At the recent 2nd AMSEN workshop held in Kenya, Ms. Naomi Shifeta, aNamibian MSc student funded by AMSEN delivered a proposal on theproduction of bioplastics from seaweed. Naomi will carry out her researchunder the supervision of Prof. Frank Kavishe, the Namibian node coordinatorfor AMSEN and co-supervised by Dr. Erold Naomab and Dr. Diina Shuuluka.The choice of Gracilaria for this research is due to their abundance alongthe southern Namibian coastline and they contain agar, a natural polymermade from repeating units of galactose, which contain carbon and can beused to create a bioplastic. Agar is widely used particularly in the fi elds ofbiotechnology, food technology, and microbiology but not yet in the plasticindustry.Naomi’s research will be geared towards the development of a bioplasticusing agar from Gracilaria gracilis. It aims to create a bioplastic that will havecomparable tensile strength and chemical resistance to the petroleumbasedplastics in use today. This work will include harvesting Gracilaria fromthe fi eld, extracting its agar, manufacturing the bioplastic, and testing itsbiodegradability, tensile strength, and general chemical resistance. DrShuuluka, seaweed research expert at SANUMARC, noted that the outcomeof this project will serve as a springboard for commercial cultivation andprocessing of seaweeds for the production of bioplastic, thereby adding valueto Namibian seaweed resources.

8Group photographs during the International Conference onNatural Resources in Africa to mark the 25th Anniversary ofUNU-INRAUNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY INSFOR NATURAL RESOURCES IN AFRICA 25TH ANNIVERSARYThe United Nations University Institute for NaturalResources in Africa (UNU-INRA) of whichSANUMARC is an affiliated operating instituteheld an International Conference in Accra,Ghana from 05 – 07 December to mark its25th anniversary. The three-day internationalconference was attended by representatives fromgovernment Ministries, Departments and Agencies inGhana; the diplomatic community, UNU staff worldwide,the donor community, as well as academics from variousuniversities across the world.Prof. Osterwalder, the Rector of the United Nations University,congratulated UNU-INRA for organizing a successfulconference and admonished participants to actively think ofThe conference wasalso to mobilize Africanperspectives on thedevelopment of naturalresources for the Rio +20conference onsustainable developmentin 2012.how to support the Institute and its operating units in differentparts of Africa and its twinning partner in Tokyo.SANUMARC participated actively in this event; ProfessorOmoregie presented a paper on Mushroom research andactivities in Namibia.The conference, among other things, created the platformfor dialogue amongst academics and policy makers oncharting a new course for future research, training andcapacity development in Africa. It was also to mobilize Africanperspectives on the development of natural resources for theRio +20 conference on sustainable development in 2012.Ms. Martha Hausiku standing next to her poster presentationat the UNU-INRA 25th annivesary.

9NEW ADDITIONS TO THE SANUMARC’S FAMILYMs. Linea Iipinge: SANUMARC now has aqualifi ed Librarian in the person of Ms. LineaIipinge. Linea has a Bachelor of Art degreein Library Science and Record Managementmajoring in Economics obtained fromthe University of Namibia in 2007. She haspreviously worked as a Library Assistant forMinistry of Gender Equality and ChildrenWelfare at Ongwe diva where she assisted theLibrarian in managing library collection andpublications. She also worked as a Librarianat Oshakati Community Library, Directorate of Education, Oshana Region. She wasresponsible for planning library activities, monitor and planning of library budget aswell as training teachers on how to manage schools libraries. We are very pleased towelcome Ms. Iipinge to SANUMARC as she is bringing along a wealth of experience.TITUTEProf. Osterwalder...admonishedparticipants toactively think ofhow to supportthe Institute andits operating unitsin different partsof Africa and itstwinning partnerin Tokyo.Mr. Gadaffi Liswaniso: Joined SANUMARC as aMarine Science Researcher at the beginningof 2012. Gadaffi successfully completed hisMasters of Science in Fisheries and MarineResources from Ningbo University in thePeople’s Republic of China. His researchwas to study the diversity and dynamics ofVibrio related bacteria in crab ponds usingmolecular approach based on the 16S rDNA.His research was driven by the fact thatvibrionaceae family is composed of severalpathogenic species that cause diseases in humans such as cholera and othergastroenteritis related diseases that may arise mainly from eating undercookedseafood. Mr. Liswaniso is currently researching on several methods to inducespawning of oysters at SANUMARC and the research outputs can be used by localoyster farmers to acquire their own spat using their broodstock oysters.Mr. Andreas Namwoonde: Joinedthe Centre as Renewable EnergyResearcher, he obtained his Master ofEngineering and Technology (ChemicalEngineering) from D. I. MendeleyevUniversity of Chemical Technology of Russia,Moscow, Russia in 2011. Prior to joining theCentre, he worked briefl y as part-timeLecturer at the Department of Chemistry andBiochemistry of the University of Namibia,teaching Inorganic Chemistry, where he stillhelps to teach the same subject occasionally. Currently Mr. Namwoonde is busyworking on a Biogas project, looking at new and more manageable Biogas digesterdesigns with the aim of promoting biogas as a sustainable energy for Namibia.Mr. Edgar Mowa: Joined SANUMARCas Coastal Agriculture and Desert PlantBiodiversity Research towards the ending of2011. Edgar obtained a Master of Sciencedegree in Biodiversity Management andResearch from the University of Namibia in2009. He worked at the Ministry of Agriculture,Water and Forestry as a Forest Researcherbefore joining SANUMARC in 2011 as aDesert & Coastal Agriculture Researcher. Hisacademic expertise/interest is Sustainableagriculture, Crop Science, Horticulture, Landscape Ecology, GIS & Remote Sensing,Environmental conservation Science, Research and Land Use Planning. His currentproject at SANUMARC include Saliconia species; looking at the feasibility study onpotential of cultivation and supplying of these halophytic species as fodder forlivestock in Namibia as well as research in hydroponics

10Members of the National Youth Service proudlydisplaying the mushrooms cultivated by themduring the training activities.COMMUNITY OUTREACHat the Centre & ElsewhereMushroom production training at the CentreAs part of community service, SANUMARC embarked uponan intensive training of youths from National Youth Serviceon mushroom cultivation techniques. The training affordedthe youth an opportunity to experience techniques ondevelopment of good quality spawn and they have been hardat work developing spawn and inoculating bags throughoutthe duration of the training. SANUMARC will continue to assistthese youth through mentorship and technical advice toensure that their envisaged mushroom farming projects seethe light of day.In addition, the centre has also provided training to theyouth trainees from Luderitz Bay following a request from theRegional Councillor of Luderitz Constituency, Hon. Revd. J.A.Scholtz. The training was “hands-on” as the trainees had anLearners from one of the Schools keenly listening to apresentation by one of SANUMARC’s Researchers.opportunity to practice the techniques used in mushroomcultivation. The group showed enthusiasm and indicatedthat upon their return to Luderitz Bay, they will update theirRegional Councillor on the training and request for provision ofa mushroom house where they would grow their mushrooms.Science and Technology PromotionSANUMARC encourages visits to the Centre and often receives“walk-in” visitors on a regular basis, whether they are curioustravellers, visiting scientists or students. The staffs are always readyto engage with visitors and a number of educational institutionsvisit the Centre on an annual basis, with more requesting toursof the Centre every year. Mr. Marthinus Kooitjie is responsiblefor leading the orientation activities around the Centre. Sincethe fi rst edition of our newsletter, the following educationalinstitutions visited SANUMARC: (continued next page)Students from the Department of Biology conductingpractical session at SANUMARC wet laboratory.

...COMMUNITY OUTREACH continued from page 10• Final Year Ecology Students (Unam-Rundu Campus),• Biological Sciences Students (Unam-Main Campus),• Omutundungu Combined School (Omusati Region).• Erundu Secondary School (Oshakati)11Tulongeni Garden ProjectSANUMARC continued to support the Tulongeni Garden and Mushroomprojects in Henties Bay. Besides helping with the preparation of mushroomspawning and the supply of various materials to the Tulongeni MushroomProject in previous years, the SANUMARC research team also helped in landtilling and sowing of seeds into the prepared soil at the garden project.SANUMARC willcontinue to assistthese youth throughmentorship andtechnical adviceSANUMARC team at the Tulongeni Community Gardenin Henties Bay.SANUMARC IN COLLABORATION WITH THE NATIONALYOUTH SERVICE (NYS), HENTIES BAY TEAMThis collaboration involved training in Mushroom production and Horticulture.The Supervisor of NYS, Henties Bay team, Mr. Simeon Peelo Ndjelekeni is verypleased with the collaboration and said remarkable skills has been gained bytheir team from this collaboration as they have contact with Researchers ona daily basis. A number of horticulture production technologies implementedat NYS Henties Bay Centre has been advised by SANUMARC, these includeshydroponic fl oating system, polyethylene plastic pots fi lled with Omaruru riversand, use of seaweed as organic fertilizers and vegetable production undershade net structures. Mr. Ndjelekeni believed this has been a great opportunityfor Youth Trainees to accumulate skills that they require in their sphere of life,thus ultimately, “shaping youth into productive citizens”.to ensure thattheir envisagedmushroom farmingprojects see the lightof day.Mr. Simeon Peelo Ndjelekeni -Supervisor NYS Henties Bay team.

12FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCEFinal Year Student’s ProjectMr. Stephanus Hamutenya, a fi nal year studentfrom the University of Namibia Departmentof Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences spent2 months at the Centre carrying out hisexperiments for his fi nal year project onGrowth rates of Gracilariopsis funicularis (Gracilariaceae,Rhodophyta) in laboratory culture under varying salinities.Among some of the seaweeds species in Namibia the twomost important agars producing gracilarioid are Gracilariagracilis and Gracilariopsis funicularis. In cultivating theseseaweeds, it is important to maintain growth condition inoptimal range to reduce the duration of cultivation andensure the greatest yield. For a species acclimated to aparticular set of environmental conditions, the optimal growthis always achieved at a specifi c combination of salinity andirradiance. This research focused on investigating the growthrate of Gracilariopsis funicularis in varying salinity levels underlaboratory conditions. This research provided benchmarkinformation for future study on the eco-physiology of the redseaweed species, Gracilariopsis funicularis in Namibia.

FOUNDING PRESIDENT,DR SAM NUJOMA ANDPROF. KETO MSHINGENIPAID AN IMPROMTU VISIT13SAmong some ofthe seaweedsspecies inNamibia the twomost importantagars producinggracilarioidare Gracilariagracilis andGracilariopsisfunicularis.Front Row: Prof Omoregie, Prof Mwandemele. Prof Mshigeni and Dr Sam Nujomacaptured with some students at the Centre on their visit.The Founding President, Dr Sam Nujoma and Prof. Keto Mshingeni visitedSANUMARC during their December holiday. They were accompanied by thePro Vice-Chancellor, Prof. Osmund Mwandemele. The Director, Professor EdosaOmoregie gave a guided tour of the Centre’s facilities. Though the visit wasan impromptu one, three research students were around and they proudlyexplained their research to the Founding president and Prof. Mshingeni, whomthe Centre’s Marine Aquaculture Laboratory is named after for his immersedcontributions to research in Namibian Natural Resources.IN-HOUSE WORKSHOPON WRITINGRESEARCH PROPOSALSAs part of capacity building and mentoring of young researchers at the Centre,SANUMARC held a one day research skills development in-house workshophighlighting the importance of research, guidelines of writing scientifi c papersand presentations of research fi ndings. This workshop was aimed to enhance thecapability of young researchers and ensure that the research conducted meetsboth prescribed ethical and quality standards. The Research Coordinator forthe University of Namibia, Prof. Isaac Mapaure, Deputy Director of PostgraduateSchool, Dr. Percy Chimwamurombe, ZERI Coordinator, Mrs Pauline Kadhila-Muandingi and Prof. Omoregie delivered informative presentations that werevery motivating. The Researchers and students were very grateful for this initiativeand looking forward to these thematic workshops in the near future.u

14Main Photo: Bio digester constructed by SANUMARCat the Omdel Community in Henties Bay.BIOGAS AS A SUSTAINABLE ENERGFor NamibiaIn recent years, Namibia has reached an important crossingpoint of growing energy demand therefore a sustainableenergy resource need to be utilized. Namibia is adeveloping country with majority of population living in ruralarea, many of these, has no access to electricity or reliablesource of energy. So, how can Namibia solve the vast energydemand, while still paying attention to environmental-friendly,less health hazardous, renewable and green alternativesource of energy?Biogas has arisen as environmental friendly source of energywhich apart from providing clean fuel it also reduce wastedisposal problem on domestic scale or commercial scale.Biomethane known as biogas is a product of anaerobicdigestion, which is a sequence of processes in whichmicroorganisms break down the biomass in absence ofoxygen. Biomass can be in the form of livestock, vegetablewaste, and poultry dropping, municipal solid waste, sewagewater, industrial solid effl uent, and land fi ll etc. Currently biogasis used for cooking and lighting purposes in rural areas in somedeveloping countries like India and for power and heating inEurope. Further purifi cation of biogas can make alternativefuel for automobiles and it can be compressed into cylindersand used as liquefi ed gas.Biogas TechnologyThe gasifi cation of biomass, commonly known as biomethanationhappens in air tight chamber where organicmaterial are subjected to anaerobic digestion in the presenceof methanogenic bacteria. This process is superior to biomasscombustion as the digested slurry from the biogas digesteris available as enriched organic fertilizer for utilization inagriculture, horticulture etc. The slurry can be dried, packedand transported to be used somewhere else, as supplementor substitute to chemical fertilizers. In comparison, whenbiomass is used as energy source through combustion, theprocesses destroy much of the biomass, ash which remainsafter energy extraction, has less nutritional value in contrastto biogas digester slurry. Converting biomass into gaseous fuelthrough bio-methanation has more advantages and moresustainable than combustion.Biogas contains about 60% methane, 39% carbon dioxideand traces of gases like hydrogen sulphide, and ammonia.It is hydrogen sulphide which is responsible for odor usuallyassociated with biogas in many cases. Without any purifi cationit can be used for cooking, lighting and as supplement todiesel for electricity generation.Four biogas digester build in Omdel informal settlementAs in many towns country wide, Henties Bay is also faced withinformal settlement problem, whereby most of inhabitants ofthese informal settlements are low income earning citizens. Tohelp with energy supply, SANUMARC supervised constructionof four digesters and skill transfer was carried out to educatethe local community on the importance of biogas digestersand their maintenance.The types of bio-digesters build is underground dome-shapedigesters, with the volume of 16 m3. The digesters are fed with

kitchen waste and sewer from municipal septic tank. Daily feed intake is 5 to 10kg kitchen waste and 10 to 15 liters of water. All that can results in gas supplyenough for 4 to 5 hours of nonstop cooking per day.The community understands the importance for having a domestic bio-digester,mainly for saving money on cooking, as the gas produced is piped directly tothe kitchen stove and is ready for use.SANUMARC Bio-digesterFor research purposes a biogas model was built at SANUMARC. This is a 100-literwater tank which was modifi ed and converted to airtight chamber, with inlet forfeeding and two outlets for gas and slurry respectively. It is fed with garden wasteand plants materials found around the Centre. With it, it will help researchers tofi nd out which types of biomass can yield more biogas and help in fi nding asimple and sustainable biogas purifi cation method.Y SOURCEFurtherpurificationAdvantages of Biogas• With the availability of biomass, biogas is a renewable source of energy witha constant supply to consumers• Slurry and grey water from digester are high quality organic fertiliser• The use of biogas, contribute signifi cantly to the protection of environment• Once build, bio-digester is maintenance free system• Biogas is less air pollutant compared to burning wood or using paraffi n forcooking• Effectiveness of livestock, municipal and industrial waste management• The digester can be built with local sourced materials• Improved sanitation within farming areas, townships and industries• Excess gas produced can be bottled and sold for income generation, thuscontribute to employment creation for locals• Using methane as fuel before it escape in atmosphere, will signifi cantlyreduce global warming and slow down the pace of climate changeof biogascan makeFlow-Chart of BiogassDigesteralternative fuelfor automobilesand it can becompressedinto cylindersand used asliquefied gas.MRS. ANNA ANDJENGO REPLACESMRS. ELIZABETH HILL AS OFFICEADMINISTRATORMs. Anna Shiimi Andjengo joined SANUMARC team as anOffi ce Administrator after Mrs. Elizabeth Hill was transferredto the Main Campus at the beginning of 2012. Mrs. Shiimi-Andjengo hold a Diploma in Information Studies and Certifi catein Mid-level Management from the University of Namibia and aSecretarial Certifi cate from Rossing Foundation. She had previously worked for the Ministryof Education as a Library Assistant before joining the academic library setting in 2005at Polytechnic of Namibia. In 2008, she was appointed at the University of Namibia asa Library Assistant and later appointed to a Senior Library Assistant, Oshakati Campus.She possesses good secretarial and administrative skills with extensive knowledge ofdisseminating information. She is currently enrolled for a Diploma in Public Relations withthe University of Namibia. We are very pleased to have her joined our team as she has astrong academic background and wealthy of experience.

Contact Details:Editor: Dr Diina ShuulukaSam Nujoma Marine & Coastal Resources Research CentreP O Box 462Henties BayNamibia +264-64 502 632Fax: +264-64 502 608E-mail: dshuuluka@unam.nahttp://www.unam.na/centres/hentiesCover Pics: John Rittmann