Artist as Philanthropist V1 - Grantmakers in the Arts

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TABLE OF CONTENTS: VOLUME IPreface.....................................................................................................................................................iAcknowledgments..............................................................................................................................viiExecutive Summary ........................................................................................................................... xiPart A. Findings: Overview of the FieldINTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 31.1 Research Program ............................................................................................................. 31.2 Audiences and Use of the Study Report ...................................................................... 91.3 Reflections on Terminology .......................................................................................... 132. FIELD DIMENSIONS AND TAXONOMY.......................................................................... 172.1 The Artist-Endowed Foundation Field: Scope, Scale, and Development............ 172.2 Foundation Taxonomy: Types of Artist-Endowed Foundations by Function ...27Grantmaking FoundationsDirect Charitable Activity FoundationsStudy Center and Exhibition FoundationsHouse Museum FoundationsProgram FoundationsComprehensive FoundationsEstate Distribution FoundationsChanges in FunctionMultiple Entities for Multiple Functions2.3 Other Philanthropic Forms Used by Artists ............................................................ 373. FIELD HISTORY AND INFLUENCES .................................................................................. 433.1 Select Chronology: Philanthropic Forms and Evolution of the Form.................. 433.2 Internal Influences: Artists' Demographics and Characteristics............................ 533.3 External Influences: Public Tax Policy ......................................................................... 614. FIELD CHARITABLE ACTIVITY............................................................................................ 714.1 Grantmaking...................................................................................................................... 714.1.1 Grants to Individuals ......................................................................................... 734.1.2 Grants to Organizations................................................................................... 854.1.3 Grants of Artworks........................................................................................... 994.2 Direct Charitable Activity Overview ........................................................................111Representative Examples of Direct Charitable ActivitiesArchivesArt Collections
Art ConservationEducational ProgramsEducational ResourcesHouse MuseumsMuseumsNature PreservesPublic ProgramsPublicationsScholarly ResearchSupport to ArtistsDirect Charitable Activities as a Primary Focus4.3 Activities of Artists' Lifetime Foundations ...............................................................1255. FIELD PROSPECTS..................................................................................................................1355.1 Forecast: Expectations for New Artist-Endowed Foundations ..........................1355.2 Recommendations: Strengthening the Field for the Next Generation .............1475.3 Recommendations: Priorities for Future Research................................................153Appendix A.I The StudyA. Focus Group Convenings and Presentations.....................................................................160B. Participants: Interviews and Focus Group Convenings...................................................162C. Research Partners....................................................................................................................168D. Study Committee Members...................................................................................................169E. Donor Consortium..................................................................................................................169Appendix A.2 The FieldA. Bibliography of Philanthropy..................................................................................................172B. Snapshot Profiles: Largest Artist-Endowed Foundations................................................181C. Foundation Publications..........................................................................................................231Appendix A.3 Quantitative Profile of the Artist-Endowed Foundation Field ...................311The Artist as Philanthropist: Strengthening the Next Generation of Artist-Endowed Foundations
Page 4 and 5: SUMMARY OF CONTENTSVOLUME IPrefaceA
Page 6 and 7: the artist as philanthropiststrengt
Page 10 and 11: December 2010 Update to TextThese s
Page 12 and 13: PREFACEThis research and disseminat
Page 14 and 15: even less about the bases on which
Page 16 and 17: information, spur additional resear
Page 18 and 19: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe Study's researc
Page 20 and 21: focus group convenings. Despite hav
Page 22 and 23: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAn artist-endowed
Page 24 and 25: ending 2005, while the smallest fou
Page 26 and 27: Foundations created by artists are
Page 28 and 29: Grants and Charitable Sales of Artw
Page 30 and 31: Realistic assumptions about artArti
Page 32 and 33: 1) clear visibility of artist-endow
Page 34 and 35: PART A.FINDINGS: OVERVIEW OF THE FI
Page 36 and 37: I. INTRODUCTIONThe chapters of this
Page 38 and 39: independent criteria. For the Study
Page 40 and 41: information returns (Forms 990-PFs)
Page 42 and 43: 1.2 AUDIENCES AND USE OF THE STUDYR
Page 44 and 45: areas. In general, the Study report
Page 46 and 47: 1.3 REFLECTIONS ON TERMINOLOGYTermi
Page 48 and 49: CharitableIn common usage, charitab
Page 50 and 51: 2. FIELD DIMENSIONS AND TAXONOMYThi
Page 52 and 53: artist's death. The average age of
Page 54 and 55: status grew by 55.9 percent between
Page 56 and 57: oader factor, however, could be the
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to have been intended for lifetime
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2.2 FOUNDATION TAXONOMY: TYPES OFAR
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Grantmaking foundations also might
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of program-related revenues as well
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an educational program providing in
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undermining the foundation's charit
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2.3 OTHER PHILANTHROPIC FORMS USEDB
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Examples of community foundation fu
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addition, public charities are unli
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3. FIELD HISTORY AND INFLUENCESThe
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elief to unwanted pets. 12 This was
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ecame known as the Lorser Feitelson
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emaining assets were granted to the
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As of 2010, the list of prominent a
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3.2 INTERNAL INFLUENCES: ARTISTS'DE
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Albert Bloch, Adolph Gottlieb, Hans
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sellers at public auction, did not
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On the assumption that board compos
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3.3 EXTERNAL INFLUENCES: PUBLIC TAX
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In this view, the lack of incentive
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foundation formation historically.
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need for formation of those artist-
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30 John Henry Merryman, Albert Else
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4. FIELD CHARITABLE ACTIVITIESMakin
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4.1.1 Grants to IndividualsSupport
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To develop careers of under-recogni
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The Leeway Foundation (Ruling Year
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The Artists' Legacy Foundation (Rul
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In a few cases, prizes and awards a
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4 Joan Mitchell Foundation, http://
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4.1.2 Grants to OrganizationsMost a
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Kent House, Monhegan Museum, Maine;
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through the University of South Aus
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exhibitions, artists' projects, res
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Animal WelfareGrantmaking by the Ed
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Rockefeller University; and Spanish
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Services, Takoma Park; Museum of To
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4.1.3 Grants of ArtworksMany artist
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violating its donor's intent, which
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study purposes, and an optimal fit
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the artist's honor, now the Burchfi
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University, Florida, including 200
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elated to the collected works, such
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4.2 DIRECT CHARITABLE ACTIVITYOVERV
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Loans to MuseumsAs do lending libra
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DatabasesBeyond their own artists'
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Public ProgramsTo support their mis
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artists' residency programs as a pr
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The Slobodkina Foundation (Ruling Y
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Tate Modern, London, UK, drew on lo
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4.3 ACTIVITIES OF ARTISTS' LIFETIME
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Support to Individual ArtistsThe tw
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Photojournalist Arthur Griffin (190
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The Harpo Foundation (Ruling Year 2
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28 See Ellsworth Kelly Foundation,
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5. FIELD PROSPECTSThis section of t
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Two primary factors informing the c
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In the long view, the art market ha
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For all of these reasons, many arti
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the significance of these criteria,
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1 See Rotch Travelling Scholarship
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5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS: STRENGTHENINGT
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Effective Practice in Foundation Go
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Artist-endowed foundations with com
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5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS: PRIORITIES FOR
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economic activities that enable bro
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significant impact on subsequent ef
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APPENDIX A.1THE STUDYAppendix A.1 T
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Presentations of Preliminary Findin
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James T. Demetrion, Director Emerit
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Gordon Marsh Esq., Trustee, Leon Po
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Ruth Ann Stewart, Clinical Professo
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D. Study Committee MembersAlan J. A
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APPENDIX A.2THE FIELDAppendix A.2 T
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The History of Philanthropy in the
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Edie, John A. Congress and Private
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Toepler, Stefan. "Operating in a Gr
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Palmer, Stacy. "IRS Panel Finds Pro
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B. Snapshot Profiles: Largest Artis
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Artist-Endowed FoundationsReporting
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2005 Assets: $1,542,2902005 Charita
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URL:2005 Assets: $2,407,6872005 Cha
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HANS GUSTAV BURKHARDT, Painter and
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WILLEM DE KOONING, Painter1904-1997
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PAUL DYCK, Painter and Collector191
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HELEN FRANKENTHALER, PainterBorn 19
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EDWARD GOREY, Illustrator and Autho
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The Renee and Chaim Gross Foundatio
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JEROME HILL, Painter, Filmmaker, an
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JASPER JOHNS, Painter, Sculptor, an
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WOLF KAHN, PainterBorn 1927EMILY MA
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2008 Assets: $12,849,5732008 Charit
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2008 Assets: $58,668,7672008 Charit
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RICHARD MEIER, Architect and Collag
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NELTJE, Painter and PrintmakerBorn
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YOKO ONO, Sculptor and Conceptual A
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ALBIN POLASEK, Sculptor and Educato
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HERB RITTS JR., Photographer1952-20
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2005 Charitable Purpose Disbursemen
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2005 Assets: $6,612,3072005 Charita
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SAUL STEINBERG, Draftsman, Illustra
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CY TWOMBLY, Painter and PrintmakerB
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URL: http://senormartin.net/index.h
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C. Foundation PublicationsMany diff
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esearched and compiled by Kavie Bar
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Albers, Josef. Photographs of Josef
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Program PublicationsLeeway Foundati
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ROMARE BEARDEN, Painter, Printmaker
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———. Charles E. Burchfield: W
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Burkhardt, Hans, Peter Frank, and T
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JOSEPH CORNELL, Sculptor1903-1972Th
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WILLEM DE KOONING, Painter1904-1997
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———. Dorothy Dehner: Anticipa
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LILLIAN H. FLORSHEIM, Sculptor and
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Francis, Sam. Sam Francis und Bern:
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WILLIAM GLACKENS, Painter and Illus
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———. The Glorious Nosebleed.
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Gottlieb, Adolph, Miche#le Brun, Sa
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Harbison, Robert. Thirteen Ways: Th
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KEITH HARING, Painter and Cartoonis
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Haring, Keith, Piergiorgio Castella
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Brennan, Francis, and Christie, Man
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Amgott, Madeline, Robert De Niro, a
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Keats, Ezra Jack, Dean Engel, and F
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HOWARD KOTTLER, SCULPTOR1930-1989Ho
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PETER A. LAIRD, AnimatorBorn 1954Xe
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BEATRICE MANDELMAN, Painter1912-199
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McNeil, George, Graham Ashton, and
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Museum of Northwest Art and Marylhu
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Function: Grantmaking foundation su
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Onslow Ford, Gordon. Gordon Onslow
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JACKSON POLLOCK, Painter1912-1956LE
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HILLA REBAY, Painter, Museum Direct
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Perry, William Graves. The Rotch Tr
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Rothschild, Judith, and David Cohen
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Program PublicationsInselmann, Andr
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AARON SISKIND, Photographer and Edu
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General Market PublicationsSlobodki
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Steinberg, Saul, Charles Simic, and
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LOUIS COMFORT TIFFANY, Painter, Des
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Warhol, Andy, Henry Geldzahler, and
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Warhol, Andy. A Printbook from the
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HAROLD WESTON, Painter1894-1972Haro
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APPENDIX A.3QUANTITATIVE PROFILE OF
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Quantitative Profile of theArtist-E
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Table of ContentsQuantitative Profi
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additional foundations continued to
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assets less than $5 million; among
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1 See Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundat
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6) identifications of opportunities
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MethodologyThe quantitative researc
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foundations in the United States, w
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in Analysis, continued to be identi
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Data AnalysisAll data cited in this
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Figure 2.6Until 2005, the smallest
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Section 4: Creation of Artist-Endow
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Figures 6.1-6.2The total annual con
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Section 9: Assets Held by Artist-En
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Figure 10.3-10.3aA-EFs are active g
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owning rental property might have e
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Emerging TrendsThe findings reporte
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Multiple Foundations and DonorsAs d
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foundation field's growth and grant
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6) While the correlation between lo
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ReportsA. Identified Artist-Endowed
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Appendix A.3 Quantitative Profile o
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2. Basis Census of Artist-Endowed F
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3. Field Snapshots:Five-Year Interv
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4. Creation of Artist-Endowed Found
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5. Lifetime and Posthumous Artist-E
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7. Annual Artist-Endowed Foundation
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8. Donor Contributions as a Percent
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9. Artist-Endowed Foundation Assets
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11. Annual Artist-Endowed Foundatio
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