Faculty of Pharmacy - Mahidol University

310 Faculty of Pharmacy
shigellosis. Public treatment cost was defined as the costs incurred
by the health-care service facilities arising from individual cases.
The cost was calculated based on the number of services that were
utilized (clinic visits, hospitalization, pharmaceuticals, and laboratory
investigations), as well as the unit cost of the services (material, labor
and capital costs). The data were summarized using descriptive
statistics. Furthermore, the stepwise multiple regressions were
employed to create a cost function, and the uncertainty was tested by
a one-way sensitivity analysis of varying discount rate, cost category,
and drug prices. Results: Cost estimates were based from 137 episodes
of 130 patients. Ninety-four percent of them received treatment as
outpatients. One-fifth of the episodes were children aged less than 5
years old. The average public treatment cost was US$8.65 per episode
based on 2006 prices (95% CI, 4.79, and 12.51) (approximately US$1
= 38.084 Thai baht). The majority of the treatment cost (59.3%) was
consumed by the hospitalized patients, though they only accounted
for 5.8% of all episodes. The sensitivity analysis on the component
of costs and drug prices showed a variation in the public treatment
cost ranging from US$8.29 to US$9.38 (-4.20% and 8.43% of the
base-case, respectively). The public treatment cost model has an
adjusted R 2 of 0.788. The positive predictor variables were types of
services (inpatient and outpatient), types of health-care facilities
(health center, district hospital, regional hospital), and insurance
schemes (civil servants medical benefit scheme, social security
scheme and universal health coverage scheme). Treatment cost was
estimated for various scenarios based on the fitted cost model.
Conclusion: The average public treatment cost of shigellosis in
Thailand was estimated in this study. Service types, health-care
facilities, and insurance schemes were the predictors used to predict
nearly 80% of the cost. The estimated cost based on the fitted model
can be employed for hospital management and health-care planning.
2008, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes
Research (ISPOR).
(Value in Health Volume 11, Issue SUPPL. 1, March 2008, Pages
S75-S83. ) (Source of financial support: International Vaccine
Institute, Seoul, Korea. This study was also supported by the Diseases
of the Most Impoverished (DOMI) Program, funded by the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation and coordinated by the International
Vaccine Institute.)
ECONOMIC BURDEN OF ROAD TRAFFIC
INJURIES : A MICRO-COSTING APPROACH
(NO. 842)
Riewpaiboon, A. 1,2 , Piyauthakit, P. 1 , Chaikledkaew, U. 1
1 Department of Pharmacy, Division of Social and Administrative
Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2 Faculty of
Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri Ayutthaya Road,
Ratchathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
This study aimed to determine the economic burden
incurred from road traffic injuries in Thailand. It was designed as a
prevalence-based cost-of-illness analysis from a societal perspective,
employing a micro-costing bottom-up approach. It covered direct
medical cost, direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost or productivity
loss. Productivity loss. covers the costs of work absence or death due
to road traffic injuries suffered by persons of working age. We
collected data on road traffic injuries and resource utilization which
occurred in the fiscal year 2004. A simple random sampling was used
to select 200 patients for analysis. The average cost of road traffic
injuries per patient was USD 2,596 at 2004 prices. This can be divided
into direct cost (USD 102, or 4%) and indirect cost (USD 2,494, or
96%). From these results, we can see that the indirect cost far
outweighed the direct cost. To base decisions regarding road safety
campaigns on savings of direct costs, particularly direct medical costs,
is inadequate. Therefore, data on the complete cost of illness should
be taken into account in the planning and creation of a road safety
policy.
(Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
Volume 39, Issue 6, November 2008, Pages 1139-1149.)
A DRUG COST MODEL FOR INJURIES DUE TO
ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS. (NO. 843)
Riewpaiboon A, Piyauthakit P, Srijariya W, Chaikledkaew U.
Division of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Department of
Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Key words : Accidents, Drug Costs, Thailand, Traffic
Objective: This study aimed to develop a drug cost model
for injuries due to road traffic accidents for patients receiving
treatment at a regional hospital in Thailand. Methods: The study was
designed as a retrospective, descriptive analysis. The cases were all
from road iiaiic accidents receiving treatment at a public regional
hospital in the fiscal year 2004. Results: Three thousand seven
hundred and twenty-three road accident patients were included in
the study. The mean drug cost per case was USD 18.20 (SD)=73.49,
median=2.36). The fitted drug cost model had an adjusted R2 of
0.449. The positive significant predictor variables of drug costs were
prolonged length of stay, age over 30 years old, male, Universal Health
Coverage Scheme, time of accident during 18:00-24:00 o’clock, and
motorcycle comparing to bus. To forecast the drug budget for 2006,
there were two approaches identified, the mean drug cost and the
predicted average drug cost. The predicted average drug cost was
calculated based on the forecasted values of statistically significant
(p