lion, it is Adam (not Eve, nor even both of <strong>the</strong>m) who is blamed for our fall (Rom 5:12-21; 1 Cor 15:21-22), which suggests that as <strong>the</strong> spiritual head in <strong>the</strong> partnership of <strong>the</strong>irequal relationship, Adam was <strong>the</strong> representative of <strong>the</strong> family.These facts indicate that even before <strong>the</strong> fall, God had established <strong>the</strong> principle of maleheadship/leadership. He instituted this principle not as an indication of superiority ofAdam over Eve, nor was it for dominance or oppression, but for God-glorifyingresponsibility. [3] Thus when Paul writes that "<strong>the</strong> head of every man is Christ, <strong>the</strong> headof a woman is her husband, and <strong>the</strong> head of Christ is God" (1 Cor 11:3 RSV), and thatwomen should not "have authority over men" because "Adam was formed first" (1 Tim2:12ff. RSV), he is not concocting an arbitrary "proof text" to justify his allegedconcession to Hellenistic or Jewish cultural prejudices against women. As an inspiredwriter, <strong>the</strong> apostle Paul fully understood <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>ological truth of <strong>the</strong> headshi principle as adivine arrangement instituted before <strong>the</strong> fall and which remains permanently valid for <strong>the</strong>Christian.Reiterated after <strong>the</strong> Fall. Within <strong>the</strong> partnership of <strong>the</strong> two equal human beings in Edenprior to <strong>the</strong> fall, Adam was called upon to exercise spiritual leadership for <strong>the</strong> family.This divine arrangement or "law" resulted in complete harmony until sin brought discord.[4] In o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong> male headship role and <strong>the</strong> female supporting role which wereformed at creation, and for which our first parents were fitted by nature, were deformedby <strong>the</strong> fall. Sin unfitted <strong>the</strong> first pair to maintain <strong>the</strong> original harmony in <strong>the</strong>irrelationship. "In <strong>the</strong> creation God had made her [Eve] <strong>the</strong> equal of Adam. Had <strong>the</strong>yremained obedient to God--in harmony with His great law of love--<strong>the</strong>y would ever havebeen in harmony with each o<strong>the</strong>r; but sin had brought discord, and now <strong>the</strong>ir union couldbe maintained and harmony preserved only by submission on <strong>the</strong> part of <strong>the</strong> one or <strong>the</strong>o<strong>the</strong>r" ( Patriarchs and Prophets , p. 58).By directing his temptation to Eve instead of Adam, who had been charged with <strong>the</strong>leadership responsibility concerning <strong>the</strong> dangers of <strong>the</strong> forbidden tree (Gen 2:16-17),Satan struck at <strong>the</strong> headship principle governing <strong>the</strong> functional relationships between menand women, and he succeeded in disrupting <strong>the</strong> harmony our first parents enjoyed while<strong>the</strong>y lived out <strong>the</strong> principles enshrined in God's arrangement. Both of our parents wereresponsible for <strong>the</strong> fall--Eve usurping Adam's headship, and Adam failing to exercise hisresponsibility to protect his wife and guide her to obey God. The fall soon broughtdissonance into <strong>the</strong> home as Adam and Eve started blaming one ano<strong>the</strong>r (Gen 3:12ff.).Since <strong>the</strong>n, in place of providing caring, sacrificial male leadership, many men attemptei<strong>the</strong>r to dominate <strong>the</strong>ir wives or to escape responsibility; and in place of a noblecooperation, many women attempt to usurp men's leadership or <strong>the</strong>y adopt a servilesubmission. In so doing, both lose blessings God intended for <strong>the</strong>m.When Satan tempted our first parents, his ultimate goal was to lead <strong>the</strong>m into thinkingthat <strong>the</strong>y could be "like God" (Gen 3:5). To do so, he approachedPage 48
Eve with <strong>the</strong> suggestion that she could attain a higher role than that which God hadassigned her at creation. Thus, Eve took <strong>the</strong> first step in her desire to be like God whenshe usurped <strong>the</strong> man's headship role. "Eve had been perfectly happy by her husband's sidein her Eden home; but, like restless modern Eves, she was flattered with <strong>the</strong> hope ofentering a higher sphere than that which God had assigned her. In attempting to riseabove her original position, she fell far below it. A similar result will be reached by allwho are unwilling to take up cheerfully <strong>the</strong>ir life duties in accordance with God's plan. In<strong>the</strong>ir efforts to reach positions for which He has not fitted <strong>the</strong>m, many are leaving vacant<strong>the</strong> place where <strong>the</strong>y might be a blessing. In <strong>the</strong>ir desire for a higher sphere, many havesacrificed true womanly dignity and nobility of character, and have left undone <strong>the</strong> verywork that Heaven appointed <strong>the</strong>m"( Patriarchs and Prophets , p. 59).Male and female roles were reversed as Adam and Eve entered into sin, <strong>the</strong> womanhaving assumed <strong>the</strong> leadership function of spokesman. Consequently, after <strong>the</strong> fall <strong>the</strong>necessity of <strong>the</strong> woman's submission to <strong>the</strong> man, her head, was fur<strong>the</strong>r underscored in <strong>the</strong>so-called curse: "Thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over <strong>the</strong>e" (Gen3:16). "Eve had been <strong>the</strong> first in transgression; and she had fallen into temptation byseparating from her companion, contrary to <strong>the</strong> divine direction. It was by her solicitationthat Adam sinned, and she was now placed in subjection to her husband" ( Patriarchsand Prophets , p. 58).While, in a sense, God's statement to Eve ("he shall rule over you") reiterated His originalarrangement, it was a "curse" because <strong>the</strong> exercise of true female submission (and alsotrue male headship) does not come naturally to unregenerate women (and men). [5] It isonly through <strong>the</strong> transforming grace of Christ that God's original prescription can befulfilled in this sinful world.Realized "in <strong>the</strong> Lord." The harmnious relationship that existed at creation betweenmale and female, and which was deformed by <strong>the</strong> fall, can only be re-formed (i.e.,transformed for its original purpose) by <strong>the</strong> gospel. Through transforming conversion anda living experience with Christ, male and female can discover <strong>the</strong> true harmony of God'sideal: complementarity in male-female relationships in both <strong>the</strong> home and <strong>the</strong> churchfamilies. Thus, when <strong>the</strong> man and <strong>the</strong> woman are "in <strong>the</strong> Lord," <strong>the</strong>y are able to view <strong>the</strong>male headship and <strong>the</strong> corresponding female cooperation as a complementaryrelationship, in which both depend on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r: "In <strong>the</strong> Lord woman is not independentof man nor man of woman" (1 Cor 11:11 RSV). In o<strong>the</strong>r words, <strong>the</strong> harmoniousrelationship for which men and women were fitted by nature, but unfitted by sin, can onlybe refitted by grace.Christ's work of redemption, however, does not abolish gender-based roles, contrary towhat advocates of women's ordination often suggest. When Paul stated in Galatians 3:28that "<strong>the</strong>re is . . . nei<strong>the</strong>r male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus," thisstatement on equality of being did not do awayPage 49
- Page 1 and 2: Searching the ScripturesWomen's Ord
- Page 3 and 4: the U.S.A., Canada, and Europe. His
- Page 5 and 6: Author's PrefaceThe Berean believer
- Page 7 and 8: in truth. This is why the Christian
- Page 9 and 10: Samuel Koranteng-PipimBerrien Sprin
- Page 11 and 12: husband (see Matt 1:16; John 4:16;
- Page 13 and 14: ministry, women may be ordained to
- Page 15 and 16: 20:21 RSV), He was mandating them t
- Page 17 and 18: The Importance of Ordination. What
- Page 19 and 20: the hand," or "elect" or "appoint."
- Page 21 and 22: Chapter 3 - Crucial Issues forWomen
- Page 23 and 24: The issue of women's ordination is,
- Page 25 and 26: women to do a certain kind of teach
- Page 27 and 28: The woman is to understand that "th
- Page 29 and 30: The book of 1 Peter brings all the
- Page 31 and 32: Chapter 4 - Biblical Authority andI
- Page 33 and 34: 3. Scripture, Its Own Interpreter.
- Page 35 and 36: Through prayer one acknowledges dep
- Page 37 and 38: 4. The Spirit's Guidance at a Churc
- Page 39 and 40: [4] The four categories of requirem
- Page 41: elationship for which men and women
- Page 45 and 46: home and church. In other words, th
- Page 47 and 48: them fill. By faithfully doing thei
- Page 49 and 50: Page 54'firstborn,' it never entere
- Page 51 and 52: Examples and Teaching," in John Pip
- Page 53 and 54: for the corresponding term presbute
- Page 55 and 56: Gnosticism, witchcraft, worship of
- Page 57 and 58: practice. It is also worth noting t
- Page 59 and 60: Furthermore, to suggest that Paul's
- Page 61 and 62: the Bible is not silent on the issu
- Page 63 and 64: support to the idea that we may und
- Page 65 and 66: myself also," the Greek term prosta
- Page 67 and 68: Feminists within Christianity who m
- Page 69 and 70: e subject to them in everything. Bu
- Page 71 and 72: esponsibility for the restlessness
- Page 73 and 74: or pastor is not a limitation upon
- Page 75 and 76: These noble examples of unique lead
- Page 77 and 78: Richard M. Davidson, "The Authority
- Page 79 and 80: [13] For a discussion of the phrase
- Page 81 and 82: Holy Spirit's leading of women who
- Page 83 and 84: female as an apostle. It explains w
- Page 85 and 86: Of the many lines of ministry, wome
- Page 87 and 88: truth but also because He has calle
- Page 89 and 90: Worship was exciting. Lay speakers
- Page 91 and 92: himself]--and so had nothing to be