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ArticleSection 3. Building Simulation:3. 1. Simulation Infrastructure:The simulation model of Tarsus Mall has been preparedby taking as a basis plans and construction details.The model for the performance evaluation of naturalventilation system has been prepared using the programnamed Virtual Environment Version 6.0.Figure 3.1 and Figure 3.2 show and name the zonesevaluated.Figure 3.1: Ground Floor Zones28Figure 3.2: Floor-1 Zones<strong>TTMD</strong> 2013
Article3. 2 CO 2Levels Revealed by Simulation:For the identification of fresh air quantities, the ambientCO 2concentration is taken as a reference.According to ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, acceptableoutdoor CO 2concentration is between 300 ppm and500 ppm. Indoor CO 2concentration cannot be morethan 700 ppm higher than outdoor air concentration.Figure 3. 4 – Hours for different CO 2levels in theMall areas.Figure 3.5 and Figure 3.6 show the hours passed abovea certain temperature value separately for stores andmall areas. For example, for the section “0-shop Northeast” 3,023 hours a year pass above 26 ºC, and 4 hourspass above 26.5 ºC. This analysis takes as a basis theperiod between 10:00 hrs and 22:00 hrs every day.The outdoor concentration taken for simulation is maximum500 ppm max. Indoor CO 2concentration is 500+ 700 ppm = 1200 ppm.CO 2levels are given in the figures below. Due to constraintsin the modeling program, the outdoor CO 2concentration actually taken as 500 ppm was acceptedas 350 ppm. PPM (Parts Per Million) represents theamount of particles per million. Due to this constraintof the program, CO 2levels were written 150 ppm lessduring modeling, and thus close-to-actual modeling ofthe system was ensured.Figure 3. 5: Hours passed above given temperaturesWhile evaluating CO 2levels, it should be consideredthat actual levels would be 150 ppm higher.Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.4 show the annual hourspassed higher than each CO 2level for the stores andmall area. During this analysis, it was assumed thatthe system operated from 10:00 hours till 22:00 hoursduring all days of a year.As mentioned above, actual CO 2values will be 150ppm higher. For example, for the section “0-shop-northeast” in Figure 3.3, the CO 2concentration will be above1250 ppm for 257 hours annually.Figure 3. 6: Hours passed above the given temperaturesbetween 23 ºC and 30 ºC3. 4 Conclusion:For the evaluation of the natural ventilation systemdesigned for the adjacent stores ventilated with thenatural air supplied from the mall section with thehelp of the mall and air exhausts, a model was createdfor Tarsus Mall for a given period of time taking intoconsideration the pre-calculated heat loads at certaincritical points. The stores with ventilation balanceensured only mechanically were evaluated indirectlytaking into consideration their impacts on the naturalventilation system.Figure 3. 3: Hours for different CO 2levels in stores.Figure 3. 4 –Hours for different CO 2levels in the Mall areas.As discussed above, the system was revised to makesure that the cooling coil loads for the stores andcorridors are the same as the values given by themechanical designer on 07 December 2009. Thethermostat set point for nighttime ventilation duringtransitional seasons was reduced from 26 ºC to 20ºC. When corridor temperature exceeds 20 ºC duringnighttime, dampers and luminaires will be openedautomatically. The clearance of dampers was raised to40 m² from 30 m². The clearance value for luminaireswas not changed.29<strong>TTMD</strong> 2013
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